Landcorp's Outline Development Plan

Annex D

Annex E

Landcorp Development Policy

Annex F

Level 1 Flora Survey

FAUNA SURVEY (LEVEL 1)

Lot 5001 Fremantle Road

Mandurah

September 2008 Version 1

On behalf of: Environmental Resources Management Australia Pty Ltd PO Box 7338 Cloister Square WA 6850

Prepared by: Greg Harewood B.Sc. A.B.N. 95 536 627 336 PO Box 755 BUNBURY WA 6231 M: 0402 141 197 T/F: (08) 9725 0982 E: [email protected] LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1

2. SCOPE OF WORKS ...... 2

3. METHODOLOGY...... 3

3.1 FAUNA INVENTORY ...... 3

3.1.1 Potential Fauna ...... 3

3.1.2 Fauna of Conservation Significance ...... 3

3.1.3 Other Species of Significance ...... 4

3.2 FAUNA RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY ...... 4

3.2.1 Opportunistic Fauna Observations ...... 4

3.2.2 Fauna Habitat Assessment ...... 5

3.2.3 Habitat Tree Assessment ...... 5

3.3 LOCAL CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 6

3.4 VALUE OF THE STUDY AREA AS A WILDLIFE CORRIDOR ...... 6

4. SURVEY CONSTRAINTS ...... 7

5. RESULTS ...... 8

5.1 REGIONAL BIOLOGICAL CONTEXT ...... 8

5.2 FAUNA HABITAT ASSESSMENT ...... 8

5.2.1 Habitat Tree Assessment ...... 9

5.3 FAUNA INVENTORY ...... 9

5.3.1 Opportunistic Fauna Surveys ...... 9

5.3.2 Potential Fauna ...... 10

5.3.3 Fauna of Conservation Significance ...... 11

5.3.4 Other Species of Significance ...... 12 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

5.4 LOCAL CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 13

5.5 VALUE OF THE STUDY AREA AS A WILDLIFE CORRIDOR ...... 13

6. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS AND MANAGEMENT ...... 15

6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON FAUNA ...... 15

6.2 MINIMISING IMPACTS ...... 15

8. LEGISLATIVE OBLIGATIONS ...... 18

8.1 COMMONWEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999 ...... 18

8.2 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ACT 1950 ...... 19

9. CONCLUSION ...... 20

10. REFERENCES ...... 21 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

FIGURES

FIGURE 1: Study Area and Surrounds

FIGURE 2: Study Area - Air Photo

FIGURE 3: Fauna Habitats

FIGURE 4: Habitat Trees

TABLES

TABLE 1: Summary of Potential Vertebrate Species

TABLE 2: Listed Threatened, Migratory and Priority Fauna Species Potentially Occurring in Study Area

PLATES

PLATE 1: Open Woodland of Tuart over low open shrubland and annual weeds in southern/central section of study area

PLATE 2: Shrubland and Open Woodland of Tuart in northern section of study area

PLATE 3: Low Open Shrubland/Grassland regrowth after fire in central section of study area

PLATE 4: Grassland and Tuart Woodland in northern/central section of the study area

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: Conservation Categories

APPENDIX B: Fauna Observed or Potentially in Study Area

APPENDIX C: DEC Database Search Results & EPBC Database Search Results

APPENDIX D: Habitat Tree Co-Ordinates (MGA Zone 50)

APPENDIX E: Details of Significant Species LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

DISCLAIMER

This fauna assessment report (“the report”) has been prepared in accordance with the scope of services set out in the contract, or as otherwise agreed, between the Client and Greg Harewood (“the Author”). In some circumstances the scope of services may have been limited by a range of factors such as time, budget, access and/or site disturbance constraints. In accordance with the scope of services, the Author has relied upon the data and has conducted environmental field monitoring and/or testing in the preparation of the report. The nature and extent of monitoring and/or testing conducted is described in the report.

The conclusions are based upon field data and the environmental monitoring and/or testing carried out over a limited period of time and are therefore merely indicative of the environmental condition of the site at the time of preparing the report. Also it should be recognised that site conditions, can change with time.

Within the limitations imposed by the scope of services, the field assessment and preparation of this report have been undertaken and performed in a professional manner, in accordance with generally accepted practices and using a degree of skill and care ordinarily exercised by reputable environmental consultants under similar circumstances. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made.

In preparing the report, the Author has relied upon data, surveys, analyses, designs, plans and other information provided by the Client and other individuals and organisations, most of which are referred to in the report (“the data”). Except as otherwise stated in the report, the Author has not verified the accuracy of completeness of the data. To the extent that the statements, opinions, facts, information, conclusions and/or recommendations in the report (“conclusions”) are based in whole or part on the data, those conclusions are contingent upon the accuracy and completeness of the data. The Author will not be liable in relation to incorrect conclusions should any data, information or condition be incorrect or have been concealed, withheld, misrepresented or otherwise not fully disclosed to the Author.

The report has been prepared for the benefit of the Client and no other party. The Author assumes no responsibility and will not be liable to any other person or organisation for or in relation to any matter dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report, or for any loss or damage suffered by any other person or organisation arising from matters dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report (including without limitation matters arising from any negligent act or omission of the Author or for any loss or damage suffered by any other party relying upon the matters dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report). Other parties should not rely upon the report or the accuracy or completeness of any conclusions and should make their own enquiries and obtain independent advice in relation to such matters.

The Author will not be liable to update or revise the report to take into account any events or emergent circumstances or facts occurring or becoming apparent after the date of the report.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report details the results of a Level 1 fauna assessment of Lot 5001 Fremantle Road, Mandurah. The site is located about 64 km south of the Perth CBD and has a total area of about 14.9 ha. A field reconnaissance of the site was conducted on the 27st August and the 10th September 2008.

The study area appears to have been subject to variable amounts of historical disturbance such as logging, frequent fires, clearing and the construction of fire breaks and access tracks. Substantial portions of the central and northern section of the site are in the initial stages of regrowth from a fire. These impacts have reduced the sites overall value to fauna by reducing habitat quality and biodiversity values to some extent.

The identified fauna habitats on site are consist of disjointed open woodlands of Tuart over open shrubland of Acacia and/or grassland of introduced annual weeds in sand. Other areas are dominated by low open shrubland to shrubland and grassland of introduced annual weeds in sand and limestone. Sections of the area are totally cleared of vegetation of any type and consist of bare sand and/or limestone.

Twelve habitat trees were identified within the site. Two of the habitat trees located appeared to have hollows with an entrance suitable for Black Cockatoos to use though no evidence of their use by these species was observed. Most of the trees present within the study site are all relatively young and do not appear to contain hollows of any size.

In summary the species of conservation significance that can be considered most likely to utilise the study area (given their known status in the general area and presence of at least marginal habitat) for some purpose at times, even if only rarely are:

Lerista lineata Perth Lined Lerista – P4 Known from some regional parks north and south of Mandurah. Can persist in residential areas within gardens so degraded habitat on site may still support this species.

Calyptorhynchus latirostris Carnaby`s Cockatoo – S1 Potentially an infrequent visitor to forage on eucalyptus and banksia. Evidence of limited foraging observed.

Calyptorhynchus baudinii Baudin`s Cockatoo - S1 Potentially an infrequent visitor to forage on eucalyptus, banksia and galls on acacia.

Calyptorhynchus banksii naso Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo – S1 Potentially an infrequent visitor while travelling to areas outside the study area that contain marri and sheoak (rare/absent in study area).

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Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater – Migratory Seasonal visitor. May forage/roost in area and use some earthen banks in the general area for tunnel construction/breeding.

Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift – Migratory Rare seasonal visitor. May forage in area but very unlikely to roost.

Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle – Migratory May fly over the site occasionally due to proximity to ocean, estuary and lakes. Known to nest in coastal forest (recent record from Baldivis). No existing or potential nest sites observed.

Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon - S4 Uncommon so unlikely to be resident in area but study site may form part of larger home range. No potential or existing nest sites observed.

Isoodon obesulus fusciventer Quenda – P5 Diggings and scats found in northern section of the study site.

The presence of potential cockatoo foraging habitat and the Southern Brown Bandicoot have been identified as factors that will require management if any development of the site proceeds. The degree of impact on cockatoo foraging habitat is difficult to define until development plans are presented. It is understood that new guidelines defining significant impact relating to cockatoos is being formulated by the DEWHA and these may be relevant to the project.

Planning for proposal should take into account the potential utilisation of the site by several species of conservation significance so as to minimise impact if reasonable and practical. Consideration of this fact will help in simplifying any referral or assessment process required under the federal EPBC Act or the state administered EP Act. The recommendations made aim to reduce the impact on fauna and should be incorporated into the sites development plan where considered appropriate.

Page iii LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

1. INTRODUCTION

This report has been prepared in response to an invitation from Environmental Resources Management Australia Pty Ltd (ERM) to carry out a Level 1 fauna assessment (EPA 2004) of Lot 5001 Fremantle Road, Mandurah (the study area). The site is located about 64 km south of the Perth CBD and is centred at approximately 32.522240 °S and 115.745120 °E (Figure 1). The study area has a total area of about 14.9 ha.

The information obtained as part of the fauna assessment reported on here will be used, in conjunction with other studies, to facilitate the controlled and guided development of the subject site with the principal aim of minimising environmental impacts.

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2. SCOPE OF WORKS

This survey report has been prepared for use in the EPA’s (Environmental Protection Authority’s) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process (if required) and is considered suitable for this purpose. The assessment was carried out with reference to guidance and position statements published by the EPA on fauna surveys and environmental protection (EPA 2002b; EPA 2004). The scope of work is to conduct a Level 1 fauna survey as detailed in EPA Guidance Statement 56 (EPA 2004), this being:

Background research or ‘desktop’ study

The purpose is to gather background information on the target area (usually at the locality scale). This involves a search of all sources for literature, data and map-based information.

Reconnaissance survey

The purposes are:

i) to verify the accuracy of the background study;

ii) to further delineate and characterise the fauna and faunal assemblages present in the target area; and

iii) to identify potential impacts.

This reconnaissance survey involves a target area visit by suitably qualified personnel to undertake selective, low intensity sampling of the fauna and faunal assemblages, and to carry out a fauna habitat assessment of the project area.

In addition to the above minimum requirements of a Level 1 survey the scope of works also included a survey for the presence of significant “habitat” trees within the study area.

Note: The survey was restricted to an assessment of terrestrial vertebrate fauna.

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3. METHODOLOGY

3.1 FAUNA INVENTORY

3.1.1 Potential Fauna

A list of all terrestrial vertebrate fauna potentially occurring within the study area was compiled from searches done on the WA Museum (WAM) database, the Department of Conservation and Environment’s (DEC) Threatened Fauna database, Department of the Environment, Water Resources, Heritage and Arts (DEWHA) Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation database, Birds Australia’s ‘Birdata” database, published and unpublished reports and specialist books detailing fauna of the general area.

Taxonomy and nomenclature for fauna species used in this report generally follow Aplin and Smith (2001) for amphibians and reptiles, How et al. (2001) for mammals and Johnstone (2001) for birds. Some names, including common names recommended for national and international use by Christidis and Boles (1994) for birds, are also used. Common names for reptiles, amphibians and mammals have come from a variety of sources and are not necessarily generally accepted. Sources include Van Dyk & Strahan (2008), Bush et al (2007), Wilson and Swan (2008), Bush et al (2002), Tyler et al. (2000) and Glauret (1961).

3.1.2 Fauna of Conservation Significance

The conservation status of fauna species in Western Australia is assessed under the federal Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the state administered Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WAWC Act). In addition, on a global level, the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (also known as the IUCN the acronym derived from its former name of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) publish an international listing of species of conservation importance, known as the IUCN Red List.

The EPBC Act also requires the compilation of a list of migratory species that are recognised under international treaties including the Japan Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (JAMBA), the China Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA), the Republic of Korea-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (ROKAMBA) and the Bonn Convention (The Convention on the conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals). Species listed under JAMBA are also protected under Schedule 3 of the WAWC Act.

In Western Australia, the DEC also produces a supplementary list of priority fauna. The species listed are not considered threatened under the WAWC Act,

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but due to lack of knowledge or where species are poorly represented in secure conservation reserves some concern for their long term survival exists

The conservation status of all the vertebrate fauna species listed as occurring or possibly occurring in the vicinity of the study area has been assessed using the most recent lists published in accordance with the above-mentioned Acts and DEC’s priority fauna list. The status of each species as defined in the above mentioned acts is indicated in the fauna listings of this report. A full listing of conservation codes are held in Appendix A.

3.1.3 Other Species of Significance

A number of other species not listed in official lists can also be considered of regional conservation significance. These include species that have a restricted range, those that occur in breeding colonies and those at the limit of their range.

While not classified as rare, threatened or vulnerable under any State or Commonwealth legislation, a number of bird species have been listed as of significance on the Swan Coastal portion of the Perth Metropolitan Region (Bush Forever - Government of Western Australia 1998 and 2000). The bird species are often referred to as Bush Forever Decreaser Species. The three categories used for birds within the Bush Forever documents are:

Habitat specialists with reduced distribution on the Swan Coastal Plain (code Bh)

Wide ranging Species with reduced population’s on the Swan Coastal Plain. (code Bp)

Extinct in the Perth region (code Be)

Bush Forever species, if present should be taken into consideration when determining the fauna values of an area so that, if possible actions can be taken that will aid in their continued existence in the local area. Bush forever decreaser species are indicated as such within the species list held in Appendix B.

3.2 FAUNA RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

3.2.1 Opportunistic Fauna Observations

Opportunistic observations of fauna species were made during daytime surveys of the site conducted on the 27st August and the 10th September 2008. The surveys included a series of transects across the site while searching for fauna or signs of fauna and observations of bird species with binoculars.

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3.2.2 Fauna Habitat Assessment

A habitat assessment was carried out specifically targeting the likely habitats of listed (under the relevant Federal and State Acts) threatened vertebrate species potentially occurring in the study area. The main aims of the habitat assessment were to identify the extent and quality of fauna habitats/microhabitats present and determine if it was likely that any threatened species would be utilising the area.

The initial phase of the assessment involved the review of available information on the habitats of the threatened species listed as possibly occurring in the area. During the field survey work the habitat within the study area was assessed and specific elements searched for to determine the potential that any of the listed threatened species maybe utilising the area and its significance to them. In addition the habitat information obtained was used to aid in the compilation of a potential fauna list.

The vegetation communities present have been used as the basis for a classification into broad fauna habitats. In addition details on specific habitat components such as significant trees with hollows, loose bark, fallen hollow logs, and the amount of leaf litter were noted if present.

3.2.3 Habitat Tree Assessment

During the course of the opportunist and habitat assessment observations of “habitat” trees were recorded using a handheld GPS. The aim of the survey was to document the presence of trees containing significant hollows. For the purposes of this study a “habitat” tree“ is defined as:

Generally any tree which is alive or dead that contains one or more visible hollows (cavities within the trunk or branches) suitable for the occupation of hollow-dependent fauna as nesting, roosting and/or denning sites.

The assessment of hollows was conducted from ground level. Because it is impossible to determine all the characteristics of hollows that are favoured by fauna species, the assessment of suitability was based entirely on the presence of a hollow opening and its size, though other factors such as orientation and position (relative to ground level) was also taken into consideration.

Hollows are an import resource as many fauna species are obligated to utilise them for day to day refuge and as breeding sites. In this area of the south west, hollows (depending on their size) have the potential to be used by a range of fauna including, but not limited to, Black Cockatoos, Common Brushtail Possums, Galahs, Regent Parrots, Australian Ringneck Parrots, Red-capped Parrots, Western Rosellas, Elegant Parrots, Boobook Owls, Australian Owlet- nightjars, Sacred Kingfishers, Striated Pardalotes and Tree Martins.

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3.3 LOCAL CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY AREA

The local (sub-regional) significance of the study area has been determined by applying site specific criteria such as:

Fauna species and/or habitat present that is poorly represented in the general study area;

Fauna habitat within the general study area supporting species of conservation or other significance;

Fauna habitat in better condition than other similar locations in general study area.

3.4 VALUE OF THE STUDY AREA AS A WILDLIFE CORRIDOR

Corridors of native vegetation can be very important for the dispersal of species in otherwise cleared landscapes. Any areas of remnant vegetation making up part of the linkage is therefore of great value by facilitating the movement of species that cannot utilise cleared land.

During the field survey and by examination of plans and air photos of the study area, the value of the site as a corridor allowing movement between any reserves, conservation areas or other significant areas of remnant bush was assessed.

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4. SURVEY CONSTRAINTS

The assessment reported on here has included a desktop analysis and daytime site reconnaissance surveys that included opportunistic fauna observations. No site specific fauna trapping or seasonal sampling has been conducted.

Fauna species are indicated as potentially present within this report based on there being suitable (quality and extent) habitat within the study area. With respect to opportunistic observations, the possibility exists that certain species may not have been detected during field investigations due to:

seasonal inactivity during field survey;

species present within microhabitats not surveyed;

cryptic species able to avoid detection;

transient wide-ranging species not present during survey period.

The lack of observational data on some species should therefore not be taken as necessarily indicating that a species is absent from the site.

In recognition of the survey limitations a precautionary approach has been adopted for this assessment. Any fauna species that would possibly occur within the study area as identified through ecological databases, publications, discussions with local experts/residents and the habitat knowledge of the Author has been assumed to potentially occur in the study area.

Field survey work was carried out by Greg Harewood (B.Sc. Zoology) and included a series of close spaced transects on foot across the study area.

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5. RESULTS

5.1 REGIONAL BIOLOGICAL CONTEXT

The project area is situated on the western margin of the central part of the Swan Coastal Plain. The Swan Coastal Plain Bioregion (SWA) was classified as part of the Interim Biogeographical Regionalisation for Australia and is in broad terms described as a:

“Low lying coastal plain mainly covered with Woodlands. It is dominated by Banksia or Tuart on sandy soils, Allocasuarina obesa on outwash plains, and paperbark in swampy areas. In the east, the plain rises to duricrusted Mesozoic sediments dominated by Jarrah Woodland. Warm Mediterranean. Three phases of marine sand dune development provide relief. The outwash plains, once dominated by A. obesa – Marri Woodlands and Melaleuca shrublands, are extensive only in the south.” (Thackway and Cresswell, 1996; IBRA, 2000).

The site lies over a subdued section of the Spearwood Dune System which at this location consists of a thin veneer of leached quartz sand derived from the underlying Tamala Limestone with localised occurrences of limestone boulders, cobbles, pinnacles and outcrops.

Mapping by Heddle et al (1980) shows that prior to disturbance the general area surrounding the study site would have consisted primarily of vegetation complexes belonging to the Cottesloe Complex which is described as being a mosaic of woodlands of Tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala), Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and Marri (Corymbia calophylla) with closed heath on limestone outcrops.

5.2 FAUNA HABITAT ASSESSMENT

The broad scale fauna habitats within the study area are based on vegetation structure. The study area appears to have been subject to variable amounts of historical disturbance such as logging, frequent fires, clearing and the construction of fire breaks and access tracks. Substantial portions of the central and northern section of the site are in the initial stages of regrowth from a fire. These impacts have reduced the sites overall value to fauna by reducing habitat quality and biodiversity values to some extent.

The identified fauna habitats on site are:

1: Open Woodland of Tuart Eucalyptus gomphocephala over Open Shrubland of Acacia spp and/or Grassland of introduced annual weeds in sand: Density and age of Tuart trees varies with transition into shrublands or grasslands gradational. Native understorey is variable and ranges from being totally absent (grassland to open grassland of introduced species) to patches of relatively dense shrubs. Other tree

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species are very rare with those observed including Jarrah (E. marginata) and Banksia attenuata. Species of Acacia dominate shrubland areas. Fallen hollow logs are very rare/absent. Sections of the Tuart woodland in the north western section of the study area have been recently burnt. Most appear to have survived and are showing new growth.

2: Low Open Shrubland to shrubland and Grassland of annual weeds in sand and limestone. This unit has a variable age, composition and density, the consequence of various degrees of historical disturbance such as clearing and recent fire. Some extensive areas dominated by introduced grasses. Lupins are an obvious coloniser of disturbed areas. Also contains scattered emergent Tuarts and other tree species.

3: Cleared: Areas totally cleared of vegetation of any type and consist of bare sand and/or limestone.

The extent of the various identified fauna habitats are shown in Figure 3. Plates 1 to 4 illustrate the nature of vegetation existing within the study area.

5.2.1 Habitat Tree Assessment

During the course of the opportunistic fauna assessment conducted on the 27st August and the 10th September 2008 the location of “habitat” trees were recorded. The location of each habitat tree is shown in Figure 4 and coordinates are listed in Appendix D. Twelve habitat trees were identified within the site. Most of the trees present within the study site are all relatively young and do not appear to contain hollows of any size.

Galahs were observed nesting in several of the tree hollows. Australian Ringneck Parrots and Regent Parrots were observed investigating hollows. Feral Bees were also observed occupying some hollows as were several Domestic Pigeons. Two of the habitat trees located appeared to have hollows with an entrance suitable for Black Cockatoos to use. No evidence of their use by Black Cockatoos (past or present) was observed. The probability that these hollows would be used by Black Cockatoos can be considered to be low.

5.3 FAUNA INVENTORY

5.3.1 Opportunistic Fauna Surveys

The results of the opportunistic fauna survey are summarised in Table 1 and listed in Appendix B. A total of 33 fauna species were observed (or positively identified from foraging evidence, scats, tracks, skeletons or calls) within the study area during the reconnaissance survey carried out on the 27st August and the 10th September 2008. A single listed threatened species was positively identified as utilising the site. A flock of approximately 13 Carnaby’s Black

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Cockatoos were seen on the 27th August 2008 flying away from the general vicinity of the study area. Evidence of this species foraging on site was also located in the southern section of the study area (a small number of chewed Tuart seed pods). No listed migratory fauna species were observed. Evidence of one priority species was found (diggings/scats of the Southern Brown Bandicoot). Seven bush forever decreaser bird species were sighted (includes Carnaby’s Cockatoo).

5.3.2 Potential Fauna

Table 1 summarises the numbers of potential species based on vertebrate class. A complete list of terrestrial vertebrate fauna possibly inhabiting or utilising the site at times is held in Appendix B. The results of a DEC and EPBC threatened fauna database searches are held in Appendix C

Details on specially protected, migratory and priority species expected and/or listed as potentially occurring in the general area is given in Table 2 and Appendix E.

Not all species listed in existing databases and publications as potentially occurring within the study area (i.e. EPBC Act’s Threatened Fauna and Migratory species lists, DEC’s Threatened Fauna Database and various publications) are shown in the expected listing in Appendix B. Some species have been excluded from this potential species list based largely on the lack of suitable habitat at the study site (e.g. marine fauna) and in the general area or known local extinction (e.g. Quokka, Numbat).

Table 1: Summary of Potential Fauna Species (As listed in Appendix B)

Potential Potential Potential Number of Total number number of number of number of species Group of potential specially migratory priority observed species protected species species Aug/Sept 08 species

Amphibians 2 0 0 0 0

Reptiles 17 0 0 1 2

Birds 794 4 3 0 283

Non-Volant 86 0 0 1 32 Mammals Volant 8 0 0 0 0 Mammals (Bats)

Total 11410 4 3 2 335

Superscript = number of introduced species included in total.

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Despite the omission of some species It should be noted that the list provided is very likely still an over estimation of the fauna species utilising the site (either on a regular of infrequent basis) as a result of the precautionary approach adopted for the assessment.

5.3.3 Fauna of Conservation Significance

A review of EPBC Act’s Threatened Fauna list, DEC’s Threatened Fauna Database and Priority List and scientific publications identified nine specially protected, priority or migratory fauna species as possibly occurring in the general study area. Species that have no potential whatsoever, under normal circumstances, to utilise the site for any purpose are not listed as expected or discussed (e.g. offshore sea birds, waders, marine mammals) despite appearing in the DEC or EPBC Act database searches (Appendix C). As previously mentioned other species have been omitted from the potential list (Appendix B) for the site principally due to lack of suitable habitat or known local extinction (e.g. Quokka, Numbat). A brief account of those significant species most likely to occur in the area or those that have previously been recorded in the vicinity along with details on their distribution and habitat preference are shown in Table 2. Additional details on these same species are given in Appendix E.

Calyptorhynchus latirostris Carnaby`s Cockatoo – S1 Potentially an infrequent visitor to forage on eucalyptus and banksia. Evidence of limited foraging observed.

Calyptorhynchus baudinii Baudin`s Cockatoo - S1 Potentially an infrequent visitor to forage on eucalyptus, banksia and galls on acacia.

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater – Migratory Seasonal visitor. May forage/roost in area and use some earthen banks in the general area for tunnel construction/breeding.

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Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift – Migratory Rare seasonal visitor. May forage in area but very unlikely to roost.

Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon - S4 Uncommon so unlikely to be resident in area but study site may form part of larger home range. No potential or existing nest sites observed.

Isoodon obesulus fusciventer Quenda – P5 Diggings and scats found in northern section of the study site.

Species of conservation significance which are listed in various database searches and while possibly present in the general area are not listed as potential species due to known localised extinction (and no subsequent recruitment from adjoining areas) and/or lack of suitable habitat (quality and extent) and/or the presence of feral predators:

Neelaps calonotos Black-striped Snake – P3

Morelia spilota imbricata Southern Carpet Python - S4

Ardea alba Great Egret – Migratory

Ardea ibis Cattle Egret – Migratory

Dasyurus geoffroii Chuditch - S1

Myrmecobius fasciatus Numbat – S1

Phascogale tapoatafa tapoatafa Southern Brush-tailed Phascogale - S1

Setonix brachyurus Quokka – S1

Macropus irma Western Brush Wallaby - P4

Falsistrellus mackenziei Western False Pipistrelle - P4

Hydromys chrysogaster Water-rat – P4

5.3.4 Other Species of Significance

Twenty three of the bird species that potentially frequent or occur in the study area are noted as Bush Forever Decreaser Species in the Perth metropolitan region (seven species were sighted/identified as having used the site during the site survey). Decreaser species are a significant issue in biodiversity conservation in the Perth section of the Coastal Plain as there have been

Page 12 Table 2: Listed Threatened and Priority Fauna Species Potentially Occurring in Study Area.

Conservation Code Actual Records or Listed as Potentially in Area Habitat Potential Common Threatening Processes Habitat Requirements in/adjacent to Impact on Name/Species Birds WAWC DEC Project Area Habitat EPBC Act ICUN EPBC Act DEC WAM Aust. Act Priority Status Status Database Database Database Data Status Status Base Potential Perth Lined Lerista This small species of skink inhabits white sands under areas of shrubs and heath where it loss of P3 Yes Land clearing Yes Lerisita lineata inhabits loose soil and leaf litter particularly in association with banksias some habitat

None Black-striped Most likely Snake P3 Yes Land clearing This species of snake favours sandy soils supporting heath and banksia/eucalypt woodland Marginal locally Neelaps calonotos extinct

Southern Carpet This species has been recorded from semi-arid coastal and inland habitats, Banksia None Python Most likely S4 LR/NT P4 Fox predation. woodland, Eucalypt woodlands, and grasslands. Often arboreal but will utilise hollows and No. locally Morelia spilota the burrows of other animals for shelter. impricata extinct

Migratory Great Egret Loss of breeding habitat and declines in (CAMBA, Yes Yes Wetlands, flooded pasture, dams, estuarine mudflats, mangroves and reefs Yes/Marginal None water quality. Ardea alba JAMBA)

Migratory Cattle Egret Loss of breeding habitat and declines in (CAMBA, Yes Moist pastures with tall grasses, shallow open wetlands and margins, mudflats. Yes/Marginal None water quality Ardea ibis JAMBA)

White-bellied Sea Nests and forages near the coast over islands, reefs, headlands, beaches, bays, estuaries, Eagle Migratory Loss of breeding habitat and declines in mangroves, but will also live near seasonally flooded inland swamps, lagoons and floodplains, None/Very LC Yes Yes Yes/Marginal Haliaeetus (CAMBA) water quality often far inland on large pools of major rivers. Established pairs usually sedentary, immatures Low leucogaster dispersive. Builds a large stick nest, which is used for many seasons in succession.

Diverse from rainforest to arid shrublands, from coastal heath to alpine. Mainly about cliffs along Peregrine Falcon coasts, rivers and ranges and about wooded watercourses and lakes. The species utilises the None/Very S4 LC Yes Loss of breeding habitat Yes Falco peregrinis ledges, cliff faces and large hollows/broken spouts of trees for nesting. It will also occasionally use Low the abandoned nests of other birds of prey.

Potential Forest Red-tailed This subspecies of the Red-tailed Black Cockatoo is restricted to the forests of the south- loss of Black Cockatoo S1 Yes Yes Yes Land clearing and logging. west. It requires tree hollows to nest and breed and is totally dependent on jarrah-marri Yes/Marginal some Calyptorhynchus forest foraging banksii naso habitat

Potential Baudin’s Black- Heavily forested areas of the south-west, where it feeds on the seeds of' eucalypts and loss of Cockatoo VU S1 EN Yes Land clearing and illegal shooting various proteaceous species. It is a nomadic species. Breeding mostly occurs in areas Yes/Marginal some Calyptorhynchus south of Donnybrook during spring/summer nesting in tree hollows (primarily Marri). foraging baudinii habitat

Potential Carnaby’s Black- This species moves around in seasonal flocks to feeding areas in proteaceous scrubs and heaths loss of Cockatoo EN S1 EN Yes Yes Land clearing and illegal shooting and eucalypt woodlands as well as pine plantations. Breeding occurs in winter/spring mainly in Yes some Calyptorhynchus eastern forest and wheatbelt where they can find mature hollow bearing trees to nest in. foraging latirostris habitat

Migratory Fork-tailed Swift (CAMBA, LC Yes Yes None identified Low to very high airspace over varied habitat from rainforest to semi desert. Yes None Apus pacificus JAMBA)

Open Country, of woodlands, open forest, semi arid scrub, grasslands, clearings in heavier forest, Rainbow Bee-eater Migratory farmlands. Common as a regular summer migrant to southern Australia (September to April) and LC Yes Yes Loss of roosting and breeding sites Yes None Merops ornatus (JAMBA) breeds underground during this period in areas of suitable soft soil firm enough to support tunnel building.

Competition from and predation by foxes This carnivorous marsupial occupies large home ranges, is highly mobile and appears to utilise None Chuditch and cats, land clearing, habitat alteration bush remnant and corridors. Requires a medium sized hollow at or near ground level or will dig VU S1 VU Yes Yes No Locally through removal of suitable den logs, burrow under log or stump. Chuditch occur in a wide range of habitats but are more Dasyurus geoffroii extinct poisoning, illegal shooting and road traffic. commonly found in woodland, forest and riparian vegetation.

Brush-tailed None Fox and cat predation, reduction in This arboreal marsupial occurs in forest and woodland where suitable tree hollows are available. Phascogale Most likely S1 Yes trees with suitable hollows and Requires small hollows. Prefers dense crown vegetation. Populations fluctuate dramatically in No locally Phascogale possibly altered fire regimes. response to invertebrate prey abundance. tapoatafa extinct

Numbat Fox and cat predation, land clearing, This diurnal marsupial feeds almost exclusively on termites and is very vulnerable to predation by None Myrmecobius VU S1 VU Yes habitat alteration through removal of foxes and cats. It occurs in a variety of habitats including woodland and shrubland where it No Locally fasciatus suitable den logs. shelters in hollow logs, tree hollows and burrows. extinct

Densely vegetated wetlands and tea-tree thickets along creek systems and dense heath None Quokka VU S1 VU Yes Fox predation, altered fire regimes on valley slopes. Peppermint and Thomasia species being dominant vegetation items in No Locally Setonix brachyurus their diet extinct

Potential Quenda This species prefers areas with dense understorey vegetation, particular around swamps and loss of P5 Yes Yes Fox predation and land clearing Yes Isoodon obesulus along watercourses that provide ample protection from predators. some fusciventer habitat

Western Brush None The western brush wallaby prefers areas of forest and woodland supporting a dense shrub layer Wallaby LC/NT P4 Yes Fox predation. No Locally adjacent to small open areas. Macropus irma extinct

Western False None Pipstrelle This species of bat occurs in high jarrah forest and coastal woodlands. It roosts in small colonies Most likely VU VU P4 Land clearing and logging. Yes Falsistrellus in tree hollows and forages in the cathedral-like spaces between trees. locally mackenziei extinct

Water rats occur along permanent watercourses where there are freshwater molluscs WaterRat Fox predation and a decline in water and crustaceans (its main prey), frogs, small mammals and water birds present. P4 Yes No None Hydromys quality. Requires healthy fresh (to brackish) water habitat containing diverse water and bank chrysogaster life. LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

marked reductions in range and population levels of many sedentary bird species as a consequence of disturbance and land clearing (Dell & Hyder- Griffiths 2002).

5.4 LOCAL CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY AREA

Natural areas within the south west of Western Australia have been significantly altered since European settlement in the 1830’s and a variety of environmental factors, in particular habitat fragmentation and fire, will continue to threaten many species of fauna with local extinction. As the local development of land progresses the significance of any remnant vegetation increases.

The results of the fauna assessment suggest that the study site potentially utilised by a range of fauna species, a number of which are of special conservation significance. The site was also found to provide suitable habitat for a number of bird species that have reduced populations and distributions in more developed areas of the Perth section of the Swan Coastal Plain.

The study site appears to be utilised by a population of Southern Brown Bandicoots (Quendas), a DEC Priority 5 species. Other conservation significant species potentially utilise the site also though most are wide ranging bird species that would normally only be temporary visitors to the site (e.g. migratory bird species). The site has some value as foraging habitat for Black Cockatoos (principally Carnaby’s), principally due to presence of Tuarts. Other cockatoo foraging plant species of more significance are rare or absent (e.g. Banksia and Marri).

The remnant bushland within the study area must be considered of some local conservation significance though a significant proportion of the site is in a degraded state due to historical and ongoing disturbances. The site does however have value as a refuge for some native fauna in an otherwise largely cleared landscape. The unburnt section of Tuart and shrubland in the northern most section of the site is of the best quality though its quality is likely to diminish over time without management of some type.

Because of the relatively small size of the site (<15ha) repeated perturbations such as fire are likely to see the ongoing loss of biodiversity (e.g. high potential for local extinction of Quenda) at the site which would be difficult to manage or prevent as recruitment from external areas would be slow or non-existent.

5.5 VALUE OF THE STUDY AREA AS A WILDLIFE CORRIDOR

Linkage with adjacent bushland areas is a natural attribute of high priority in the assessment of any sites significance. The study area is however surrounded on all sides by existing residential/light industrial areas, the Perth-Mandurah Railway and the four lane Fremantle Road, all of which provide significant

Page 13 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008 barriers to fauna movement to other bush remnants. The study site therefore has no or very limited significance with respect to its value as a wildlife corridor.

Page 14 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

6. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS AND MANAGEMENT

6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON FAUNA

The author is not aware of the exact development proposal details so the degree of impact on fauna species utilising the site is difficult to predict. Any proposed development of the site is however likely to require the clearing of some or all of the remnant vegetation on site and consequently the loss or degradation of potential fauna habitat. The impact on specific fauna species will vary depending on population densities and the quantity and quality of potential foraging and breeding sites, both within the area of impact and adjacent areas.

In general the most significant potential impacts to fauna of any development are:

Loss of vegetation/fauna habitat that is used for foraging, breeding, roosting, or dispersal,

Fragmentation of vegetation/fauna habitat which may restrict the movement of some fauna species,

Modifications to surface hydrology,

Changes to fire regimes,

Pollution (e.g. oil spills),

Noise/Light,

Spread of plant pathogens (e.g. dieback) and weeds, and

Death or injury of fauna during clearing and construction.

The fauna assessment identified the presence of a population of Southern Brown Bandicoots, two potential cockatoo nest hollows and the use of the site for foraging by Carnaby’s Black Cockatoos. Impacts on these species will need to be addressed during the planning process and where reasonable and practical planning should aim to retain the habitat so that they can persist and/or continue to utilise the site.

6.2 MINIMISING IMPACTS

As the exact nature of any proposed development is unknown to the author the following generalised recommendations are presented and should be incorporated into the planning process where possible. The recommendations aim to reduce the impact on fauna and fauna habitat as much as reasonable and practicable. It is recommended that:

Page 15 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

Planning for development should where possible aim to retain and protect remnant vegetation on site. In particular the best quality woodland and shrubland habitat in the northern section of the study area and habitat trees should be retained where reasonable and practical.

Landscaped areas should be revegetated with local seed stock that includes cockatoo food plants, specifically Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Banksia, Hakea, and Allocasuarina. The final selection of suitable species should be carried out after liaison with appropriate experts or local land care groups to ascertain which species are most suitable for the area.

During site works areas requiring clearing should be clearly marked and access to other areas restricted to prevent accidental clearing of areas to be retained.

No dead, standing or fallen timber should be removed unnecessarily. Logs (hollow or not) and other debris resulting from land clearing should be used to enhance fauna habitat in untouched and rehabilitated areas if possible.

A Construction and Operations Fire Management Plan should be prepared to reduce the risk of unplanned fires and provide contingency measures to minimise any associated impacts. The plan will include a contingency and response plan in the event of any bushfires that commence as a result of the works on site.

All staff working on site should be made aware that native fauna is protected. Personnel working on the project should not be allowed to bring firearms, other weapons or pets onsite.

Native fauna injured during clearing or normal site operations should be taken to a designated veterinary clinic or a DEC nominated wildlife carer.

Fuel storage facilities should be bunded.

Any trenching required for services should be kept open for only as long as necessary and suitable escape ramps and bridging provided if the site is to be left unattended for extended periods. Significant sized trenches should be inspected for fauna immediately prior to filling.

Once detailed plans for the development of the study area are finalised the impact on fauna should be reviewed as site/species specific management plans may be required.

Besides the potential requirement for offsets required to compensate for the loss of cockatoo foraging habitat the presence of a population of Quendas on

Page 16 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008 site is also of significance. Discussions will DEC should be undertaken as part of the planning process to enable formulation of a management plan for the Quendas that may be displaced as a result of any proposed development. Management may involve the trapping and translocation of individuals at the developers cost or implementation of clearing protocols that allow animals to move to retained habitat without injury.

Page 17 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

8. LEGISLATIVE OBLIGATIONS

8.1 COMMONWEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999

A number of fauna species known to or potentially present within the study area are listed under the federal Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC Act, 1999). The objective of the EPBC Act is to provide for the protection of the environment, especially those aspects that are of national significance, promote ecologically sustainable development, the conservation of biodiversity and a cooperative approach to the protection and management of the environment.

If an action (i.e. clearing of vegetation) is deemed to have a potential significant impact (as detailed in “Principal Significant Impact Guidelines 1.1” - DEW 2006) on listed species a referral to the DEWHA is required.

As the author is not aware of the exact development proposal details the degree of impact on any EPBC Act listed species cannot be predicted. It should however be noted that the site contains potential foraging habitat for Black Cockatoos, though its quality if probably relatively low compared to areas that contain better quality vegetation and using existing criteria for defining significant impact the development of the site may not be considered likely to have a significant impact (and therefore not require referral).

The federal Department of Water Resources, Heritage and Arts (DEWHA) are however in the process of formulating new guidelines relating to impacts on Black Cockatoos and any actual development of the site may exceed thresholds relating to likely significant impacts as defined in this new document.

It has been recognised that the loss of feeding habitat on the Swan Coastal Plain is a threatening process for Cockatoos, in particular the Carnaby’s Cockatoo. According to the WA recovery plan for the species, which has not been adopted under the EPBC Act yet, most of the original food resources for Carnaby’s Black-cockatoo on the Swan Coastal Plain have been lost and the birds are now relying on introduced pine plantations (Cale 2003). Most of these plantations will be harvested over time making the retention of remaining native vegetation a priority for conservation wherever considered reasonable and practical.

Past decisions taken under the EPBC Act involving the loss of foraging habitat for the Carnaby’s Black-cockatoo on the Swan Coastal Plain reflect the importance of this habitat for the species. These include the Roe Highway extension project (DEHWA ref 2003/972) which involved the clearance of some 30ha of habitat, a residential development at Mandurah (DEHWA ref 2006/3063) involving 15.2ha of habitat and a commercial development at

Page 18 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

Mandurah (DEHWA ref 2006/3155) affecting 12ha of habitat. Most recently development of the new Fiona Stanley Health Precinct at Murdoch affected about 30 ha of potential cockatoo foraging habitat.

The approvals for all of these projects involved the provision of offsets as well as mitigation measures to deal with the impacts on the Carnaby’s Black- Cockatoo.

8.2 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ACT 1950

The objective of the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 is to provide for the protection of wildlife. The Act is administered by the Executive Director of the Department of Conservation and Land Management, under the direction and control of the Minister for the Environment. Under section 14, “Protection of Fauna”, of this Act, all fauna is wholly protected throughout the State at all times, unless declared by the Minister by notice in the Government Gazette. Under section 14(2)(ba) of The Act, Fauna Notices are made by the Minister for the Environment listing specially protected fauna.

Disturbance or destruction of any native fauna over and above that reasonably required for construction works and access is considered an offence under the Act and the project management staff should take the necessary steps to inform site personnel of this fact. The project managers should also, as part of their management plan implement procedures that will reduce the chances of wildlife being injured or killed during clearing and construction on the site.

Page 19 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

9. CONCLUSION

Potentially, 10 native mammal (including 8 bat species), 75 bird, 2 frog and 17 reptile species could be expected to occur in or utilise at times, the study area. Of the 104 native animals that are listed as potentially occurring at the site, three are considered to be endangered/vulnerable or in need of special protection. In addition three migratory species may frequent the site at times and a two DEC priority species were identified as possibly being present (one confirmed).

Page 20 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

10. REFERENCES (not necessarily cited)

Aplin, K.P. and Smith, L.A. (2001). Checklist of the frogs and reptiles of Western Australia, Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 63, 51- 74.

Barrett, G. et al (2003). The New Atlas of Australian Birds. Royal Australian Ornithologists Union, Hawthorn East.

Bush, B., Maryan, B., Browne-Cooper, R. & Robinson, D. (2002). Reptiles and Frogs of the Perth Region. UWA Press, Nedlands.

Bush, B., Maryan, B., Browne-Cooper, R. & Robinson, D. (2007). Reptiles and Frogs in the Bush: Southwestern Australia. UWA Press, Nedlands.

Cale, B. (2003). Carnaby’s Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) Recovery Plan 2002-2012. CALM, Wanneroo.

CALM (2005). Fauna Note No. 05/2005 Carnaby’s Cockatoo, Written by Tamra Chapman, Belinda Cale and Marion Massam. CALM, Wanneroo

Christidis, l. and Boles, W.E. (1994). The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories. RAOU, Monograph 2.

Cogger, H.G., (1975). Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Reed, Sydney

Department of Conservation and Environment (2001). Karrak-watch: A summary of information about the Forest red-tailed black cockatoo, http://science.calm.wa.gov.au/articles/2001-10-04/.

Department of Conservation and Environment (2007). Forest Black Cockatoo (Baudin’s Cockatoo - Calyptorhynchus baudinii) and Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso) Recovery Plan. DEC

Department of Environmental Protection (2000). Bush Forever Volume 1. Policies, Principles and Processes. Government of Western Australia.

Environmental Protection Authority (2002b). Terrestrial Biological Surveys As An Element of Biodiversity Protection. Position Statement No. 3. EPA, Perth.

Environmental Protection Authority (2004). Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors - Terrestrial fauna surveys for environmental impact assessment in Western Australia. Guidance Statement No 56 EPA, Perth.

Glauret, L. (1961). A Handbook of the Lizards of Western Australia. Handbook 6, Western Australian Naturalists Club, Perth.

Page 21 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

Government of Western Australia (1998). Perth Bushplan

Government of Western Australia (2000a). Bush Forever Volume 1. Policies, Principles and Processes. Department of Environmental Protection Perth, Western Australia.

Government of Western Australia (2000b). Bush Forever Volume 2. Directory of Bush Forever Sites. Department of Environmental Protection Perth, Western Australia.

How, R., Cooper, N.K. and Bannister, J.L. (2001). Checklist of the mammals of Western Australia, Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 63, 91-98.

Johnstone, R.E. (2001). Checklist of the birds of Western Australia, Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 63, 75-90.

Johnstone, R.E. and Storr, G.M. (1998). Handbook of Western Australian Birds: Volume 1 – Non-passerines (Emu to Dollarbird). Western Australian Museum, Perth Western Australia.

Johnstone, R.E. and Storr, G.M. (2004). Handbook of Western Australian Birds: Volume 2 – Passerines (Blue-winged Pitta to Goldfinch). Western Australian Museum, Perth Western Australia.

Morcombe, M. (2004). Field Guide to Australian Birds. Steve Parish Publishing, Archerfiled, Queensland.

Menkhorst, P.and Knight, F. (2001). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.

Nevill, S (ed) (2005). Guide to the Wildlife of the Perth Region. Simon Nevill Publications, Perth.

Shah, B (2006) Conservation of Carnaby’s Black Cockatoo on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, Birds Australia WA.

Simpson, K. and Day, N. (2004). Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. Penguin Books, Ringwood.

Storr, G.M., Smith, L.A. and Johnstone R.E. (1983). Lizards of Western Australia II: Dragons and Monitors. WA Museum, Perth.

Storr, G.M., Smith, L.A. and Johnstone R.E. (1990). Lizards of Western Australia III: Geckos and Pygopods. WA Museum, Perth.

Storr, G.M., Smith, L.A. and Johnstone R.E. (1999). Lizards of Western Australia I: Skinks. Revised Edition, WA Museum, Perth.

Page 22 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

Storr, G.M., Smith, L.A. and Johnstone R.E. (2002). Snakes of Western Australia. Revised Edition, WA Museum, Perth.

Tyler M.J., Smith L.A. and Johnstone R.E. (2000). Frogs of Western Australia, Revised Edition, WA Museum, Perth.

Thackway, R. and Cresswell, I.D. (1995). An Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia. Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Canberra.

Van Dyk, S. & Strahan, R. Eds (2008) The Mammals of Australia. Third edition Queensland Museum.

Wilson, S. and Swan, G. (2008) A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia. Reed, New Holland, Sydney.

Page 23 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

FIGURES

Page 24 10 380000 Rockingham 382500 385000

Kilometers PARKLANDS

MEADOW SPRINGS

Mandurah 64025006402500 64025006402500

Pinjarra

Regional Location

GOEGRUP LAKE

MANDURAH GREENFIELDS 64000006400000 64000006400000

FREMANTLE ROAD

380000 382500 385000

LOT 5001 MANDURAH Legend O Fauna Study Area Cadastral Boundaries 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Survey and Study Area DRAWN:G Harewood Surrounds Kilometres DATE : Sept 2008 MGA Zone 50 SCALE: 1: 25,000 Figure: 1 382000 382500 6401000 6401000 6400500 6400500

382000 382500

Legend Lot 5001 Mandurah Study Area Fauna Study Area O Survey - DRAWN: G Harewood 050100150200 Air Photo DATE : Sept 2008 Meters SCALE: 1: 4,750 MGA Zone 50 Figure: 2 382000 382500 6401000 6401000

Fauna Habitats Open Woodland of Tuart over Open Shrubland or Grassland Shrubland or Grassland (some scattered emergent trees) Cleared - Bare Sand/Limestone 6400500 6400500

382000 382500

Legend Lot 5001 Mandurah Study Area Tracks Fauna Fauna Survey O Habitats DRAWN: G Harewood 050100150200 DATE : Sept 2008 Meters SCALE: 1: 4,750 MGA Zone 50 Figure: 3 382000 382500

! ! 6401000 6401000

! !

! ! !

!! ! ! 6400500 6400500

382000 382500

Legend Lot 5001 Mandurah ! Habitat Tree - Small to Medium Hollow ! Habitat Tree - Large Hollow Fauna Study Area O Survey Habitat Trees DRAWN: G Harewood 050100150200 DATE : Sept 2008 Meters SCALE: 1: 4,750 MGA Zone 50 Figure: 4 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

PLATES

Page 25 LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

Plate 1: Open Woodland of Tuart over low open shrubland and annual weeds in southern/central section of study area

Plate 2: Shrubland and Open Woodland of Tuart in northern section of study area LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

Plate 3: Low Open Shrubland/Grassland regrowth after fire in central section of study area

Plate 4: Grassland and Tuart Woodland in northern/central section of the study area LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

APPENDIX A

CONSERVATION CATEGORIES LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

EPBC Act (1999) Threatened Fauna Categories

Category Code Description There is no reasonable doubt that the last Extinct E member of the species has died. A species (a) is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised population well outside its past range; or *Extinct in the wild EW (b) has not been recorded in its known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate seasons, anywhere in its past range, despite exhaustive surveys over a time frame appropriate to its life cycle and form. A species is facing an extremely high risk of *Critically endangered CE extinction in the wild in the immediate future. A species: (a) is not critically endangered; and *Endangered EN (b) is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future. A species (a) is not critically endangered or endangered; *Vulnerable VU and (b) s facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future. A species is the focus of a specific conservation program the cessation of which would result in Conservation dependent CD the species becoming vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered (a) all migratory species that are: (i) native species; and (ii) from time to time included in the appendices to the Bonn Convention; and (b) all migratory species from time to time Migratory Migratory included in annexes established under JAMBA, CAMBA and ROKAMBA; and (c) all native species from time to time identified in a list established under, or an instrument made under, an international agreement approved by the Minister. Species in the list established under s248 of the Marine Ma EPBC Act Note: Only species in those categories marked with an asterix are matters of national environmental significance under the EPBC Act. LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act (1950) Threatened Fauna Categories

Category Code Description Schedule 1 S1 Fauna which is rare or likely to become extinct Schedule 2 S2 Fauna which is presumed extinct Birds which are subject to an agreement between the governments of Australia Schedule 3 S3 and Japan (JAMBA) relating to the protection of migratory birds and birds in danger of extinction Fauna that is otherwise in need of Schedule 4 S4 special protection Note: The WAWC Act also uses the categories defined by the EPBC Act to further define the status of species in the S1 category.

Western Australian DEC Priority Fauna Categories

Category Code Description Taxa with few, poorly known populations Priority 1 P1 on threatened lands. Taxa with few, poorly known populations Priority 2 P2 on conservation lands. Taxa with several, poorly known Priority 3 P3 populations, some on conservation lands. Taxa in need of monitoring Priority 4 P4 (Not currently threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change) Taxa in need of monitoring (Not considered threatened but are subject to a specific Priority 5 P5 conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the species becoming threatened within five years) LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

IUCN Red List Threatened Species Codes

Category Code Description Taxa for which there is no reasonable Extinct EX doubt that the last individual has died. Taxa which is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or and as a naturalised population well outside its Extinct in the EW past range and it has not been recorded Wild in known or expected habitat despite exhaustive survey over a time frame appropriate to its life cycle and form. Critically Taxa facing an extremely high risk of CR Endangered extinction in the wild. Taxa facing a very high risk of extinction Endangered EN in the wild. Taxa facing a high risk of extinction in the Vulnerable VU wild. Taxa which has been evaluated but does Near not qualify for CR, EN or VU now but is NT Threatened close to qualifying or likely to qualify in the near future. Taxa which has been evaluated but does Least Concern LC not qualify for CR, EN, VU, or NT but is likely to qualify for NT in the near future. Taxa for which there is inadequate information to make a direct or indirect Data Deficient DD assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status.

A full list of ICUN categories and their meanings are available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001#categories LOT 5001 FREMANTLE ROAD, MANDURAH – FAUNA ASSESSMENT - SEPTEMBER 2008

APPENDIX B

FAUNA OBSERVED OR POTENTIALLY IN STUDY AREA Fauna Observed or Potentially in Study Area Lot 5001 Fremantle Road, Mandurah WA Compiled by Greg Harewood - Sept 2008 Observed (Sighted/Heard/Signs) = + 32.523181°S 115.745659 °E Class Common Conservation Observed Family Name Status Aug/Sep 08 Species

Amphibians

Myobatrachidae Ground or Burrowing Frogs

Heleioporus eyrei Moaning Frog LC

Limnodynastes dorsalis Banjo Frog LC Reptiles

Gekkonidae Geckoes

Christinus marmoratus Marbled Gecko

Pygopodidae Legless Lizards

Aprasia repens Sand-plain Worm Lizard

Lialis burtonis Common Snake Lizard

Agamidae Dragon Lizards

Pogona minor Western Bearded Dragon +

WAWC Act Status - S1 to S4, EPBC Act Status - EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EX = Extinct, DEC Priority Status - P1 to P5, Int. Agmts - CA = CAMBA, JA = JAMBA, Bush Forever Decreaser Species - Bh = habitat specialists, Bp = wide ranging species, Be = extinc in Perth Coastal Plain Region. IUCN Red List Category Definitions see Appendix and www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001#categories. Page 1 of 8 Class Common Conservation Observed Family Name Status Aug/Sep 08 Species

Scincidae Skinks

Acritoscincus trilineatum South-western Cool Skink

Cryptoblepharus plagiocephalus Fence Skink

Ctenotus fallens West Coast Ctenotus

Hemiergis quadrilineata Two-toed Earless Skink

Lerista elegans West Coast Four-toed Lerista

Lerista lineata Perth Lined Lerista P3

Menetia greyii Dwarf Skink

Morethia lineoocellata Western Pale-flecked Morethia

Morethia obscura Dusky Morethia

Tiliqua rugosa rugosa Western Bobtail +

Typhlopidae Blind Snakes

Ramphotyphlops australis Southern Blind Snake

Elapidae Elapid Snakes

Notechis scutatus Tiger Snake

Pseudonaja affinis Dugite Birds

Anatidae Geese, Swans, Ducks

Anas gracilis Grey Teal LC

Anas superciliosa Pacific Black Duck LC

Chenonetta jubata Australian Wood Duck LC

Tadorna tadornoides Australian Shelduck LC

WAWC Act Status - S1 to S4, EPBC Act Status - EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EX = Extinct, DEC Priority Status - P1 to P5, Int. Agmts - CA = CAMBA, JA = JAMBA, Bush Forever Decreaser Species - Bh = habitat specialists, Bp = wide ranging species, Be = extinc in Perth Coastal Plain Region. IUCN Red List Category Definitions see Appendix and www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001#categories. Page 2 of 8 Class Common Conservation Observed Family Name Status Aug/Sep 08 Species

Accipitridae Kites, Goshawks, Eagles, Harriers

Accipiter cirrocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk Bp LC

Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk Bp LC +

Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle Bp LC

Aquila morphnoides Little Eagle Bp

Circus approximans Swamp Harrier LC

Circus assimilis Spotted Harrier LC

Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite

Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle Migratory CA LC

Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite Bp LC

Hamirostra isura Square-tailed Kite Bp

Falconidae Falcons

Falco berigora Brown Falcon Bp LC

Falco cenchroides Australian Kestrel LC +

Falco longipennis Australian Hobby LC

Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon S4 Bp LC

Columbidae Pigeons, Doves

Columba livia Domestic Pigeon Introduced +

Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon LC

Phaps chalcoptera Common Bronzewing Bh LC +

Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Turtle Dove Introduced

Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing Turtle-Dove Introduced +

WAWC Act Status - S1 to S4, EPBC Act Status - EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EX = Extinct, DEC Priority Status - P1 to P5, Int. Agmts - CA = CAMBA, JA = JAMBA, Bush Forever Decreaser Species - Bh = habitat specialists, Bp = wide ranging species, Be = extinc in Perth Coastal Plain Region. IUCN Red List Category Definitions see Appendix and www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001#categories. Page 3 of 8 Class Common Conservation Observed Family Name Status Aug/Sep 08 Species

Cacatuidae Cockatoos, Corellas

Cacatua sanguinea Little Corella LC +

Cacatua tenuirostris Eastern Long-billed Corella Introduced

Calyptorhynchus banksii naso Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo S1 VU Be

Calyptorhynchus baudinii Baudin`s Cockatoo S1 EN Bp EN C2a(ii)

Calyptorhynchus latirostris Carnaby`s Cockatoo S1 EN Bp EN A2bcd+3bcd +

Eolophus roseicapilla Galah +

Psittacidae Parrots

Glossopsitta porphyrocephala Purple-crowned Lorikeet LC

Neophema elegans Elegant Parrot LC

Platycercus spurius Red-capped Parrot +

Platycercus zonarius Australian Ringneck Parrot +

Polytelis anthopeplus Regent Parrot LC +

Cuculidae Parasitic Cuckoos

Cacomantis flabelliformis Fan-tailed Cuckoo LC

Chrysococcyx basalis Horsfield`s Bronze Cuckoo LC

Chrysococcyx lucidus Shining Bronze Cuckoo LC

Cuculus pallidus Pallid Cuckoo LC

Strigidae Hawk Owls

Ninox novaeseelandiae Boobook Owl LC

Tytonidae Barn Owls

Tyto alba Barn Owl LC

Podargidae Frogmouths

Podargus strigoides Tawny Frogmouth LC

WAWC Act Status - S1 to S4, EPBC Act Status - EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EX = Extinct, DEC Priority Status - P1 to P5, Int. Agmts - CA = CAMBA, JA = JAMBA, Bush Forever Decreaser Species - Bh = habitat specialists, Bp = wide ranging species, Be = extinc in Perth Coastal Plain Region. IUCN Red List Category Definitions see Appendix and www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001#categories. Page 4 of 8 Class Common Conservation Observed Family Name Status Aug/Sep 08 Species

Aegothelidae Owlet-nightjars

Aegotheles cristatus Australian Owlet-nightjar LC

Apodidae Swifts, Swiftlets

Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift Migratory CA JA LC

Halcyonidae Tree Kingfishers

Dacelo novaeguineae Laughing Kookaburra Introduced +

Todiramphus sanctus Sacred Kingfisher LC

Meropidae Bee-eaters

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater Migratory JA LC

Maluridae Fairy Wrens, GrassWrens

Malurus splendens Splendid Fairy-wren Bh LC +

Pardalotidae Pardalotes, Bristlebirds, Scrubwrens, Gerygones, Thornbills

Acanthiza apicalis Broad-tailed Thornbill Bh LC

Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill Bh LC

Gerygone fusca Western Gerygone LC +

Pardalotus punctatus Spotted Pardalote LC

Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote LC +

Sericornis frontalis White-browed Scrubwren Bh LC +

Smicrornis brevirostris Weebill Bh LC +

WAWC Act Status - S1 to S4, EPBC Act Status - EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EX = Extinct, DEC Priority Status - P1 to P5, Int. Agmts - CA = CAMBA, JA = JAMBA, Bush Forever Decreaser Species - Bh = habitat specialists, Bp = wide ranging species, Be = extinc in Perth Coastal Plain Region. IUCN Red List Category Definitions see Appendix and www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001#categories. Page 5 of 8 Class Common Conservation Observed Family Name Status Aug/Sep 08 Species

Meliphagidae Honeyeaters, Chats

Acanthorhynchus superciliosus Western Spinebill LC

Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird LC +

Lichenostomus virescens Singing Honeyeater LC +

Lichmera indistincta Brown Honeyeater LC +

Phylidonyris nigra White-cheeked Honeyeater Bp

Phylidonyris novaehollandiae New Holland Honeyeater Bp LC +

Neosittidae Sitellas

Daphoenositta chrysoptera Varied Sittella Bh LC

Pachycephalidae Crested Shrike-tit, Crested Bellbird, Shrike Thrushes, Whistlers

Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush Bh LC

Pachycephala rufiventris Rufous Whistler LC +

Dicruridae Monarchs, Magpie Lark, Flycatchers, Fantails, Drongo

Grallina cyanoleuca Magpie-lark LC +

Rhipidura fuliginosa Grey Fantail LC +

Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail LC

Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes, Trillers

Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike LC

Artamidae Woodswallows, Butcherbirds, Currawongs

Artamus cinereus Black-faced Woodswallow Bp LC

Artamus cyanopterus Dusky Woodswallow Bp LC

Cracticus tibicen Australian Magpie +

Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird LC +

WAWC Act Status - S1 to S4, EPBC Act Status - EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EX = Extinct, DEC Priority Status - P1 to P5, Int. Agmts - CA = CAMBA, JA = JAMBA, Bush Forever Decreaser Species - Bh = habitat specialists, Bp = wide ranging species, Be = extinc in Perth Coastal Plain Region. IUCN Red List Category Definitions see Appendix and www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001#categories. Page 6 of 8 Class Common Conservation Observed Family Name Status Aug/Sep 08 Species

Corvidae Ravens, Crows

Corvus coronoides Australian Raven LC +

Motacillidae Old World Pipits, Wagtails

Anthus novaeseelandiae Australian Pipit LC

Dicaeidae Flowerpeckers

Dicaeum hirundinaceum Mistletoebird LC

Hirundinidae Swallows, Martins

Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow LC

Hirundo nigricans Tree Martin LC

Sylviidae Old World Warblers

Cincloramphus cruralis Brown Songlark LC

Cincloramphus mathewsi Rufous Songlark LC

Zosteropidae White-eyes

Zosterops lateralis Grey-breasted White-eye LC + Mammals

Peramelidae Bandicoots

Isoodon obesulus fusciventer Southern Brown Bandicoot P5 +

Phalangeridae Brushtail Possums, Cuscuses

Trichosurus vulpecula Common Brushtail Possum LR/LC

Molossidae Freetail Bats

Mormopterus planiceps Western Freetail Bat LR/LC

Tadarida australis White-striped Freetail-bat LR/LC

WAWC Act Status - S1 to S4, EPBC Act Status - EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EX = Extinct, DEC Priority Status - P1 to P5, Int. Agmts - CA = CAMBA, JA = JAMBA, Bush Forever Decreaser Species - Bh = habitat specialists, Bp = wide ranging species, Be = extinc in Perth Coastal Plain Region. IUCN Red List Category Definitions see Appendix and www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001#categories. Page 7 of 8 Class Common Conservation Observed Family Name Status Aug/Sep 08 Species

Vespertilionidae Ordinary Bats

Chalinolobus gouldii Gould`s Wattled Bat LR/LC

Chalinolobus morio Chocolate Wattled Bat LR/LC

Nyctophilus geoffroyi Lesser Long-eared Bat LR/LC

Nyctophilus gouldi Gould`s Long-eared Bat LR/LC

Nyctophilus timoriensis Greater Long-eared Bat

Vespadelus regulus Southern Forest Bat LR/LC

Muridae Rats, Mice

Mus musculus House Mouse Introduced

Rattus rattus Black Rat Introduced

Canidae Dogs, Foxes

Canis lupus Dog Introduced +

Vulpes vulpes Red Fox Introduced

Felidae Cats

Felis catus Cat Introduced

Leporidae Rabbits, Hares

Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit Introduced +