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Nostalgia, Loss and Creativity in South-East Europe

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Nostalgia, Loss and Creativity in South-East Europe MODERNITY, MEMORY AND IDENTITY IN SOUTH-EAST EUROPE Nostalgia, Loss and Creativity in South-East Europe Political and Cultural Representations of the Past Edited by Catharina Raudvere Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe Series Editor Catharina Raudvere Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark This series explores the relationship between the modern history and pres- ent of South-East Europe and the long imperial past of the region. This approach aspires to offer a more nuanced understanding of the concepts of modernity and change in this region, from the nineteenth century to the present day. Titles focus on changes in identity, self-representation and cultural expressions in light of the huge pressures triggered by the interac- tion between external influences and local and regional practices. The books cover three significant chronological units: the decline of empires and its immediate aftermath, authoritarian governance during the twenti- eth century, and changing societies and recent uses of history in South- East Europe today. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/15829 Catharina Raudvere Editor Nostalgia, Loss and Creativity in South-­ East Europe Political and Cultural Representations of the Past Editor Catharina Raudvere Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark ISSN 2523-7985 ISSN 2523-7993 (electronic) Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe ISBN 978-3-319-71251-2 ISBN 978-3-319-71252-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71252-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962511 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institu- tional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This volume has its background in discussions during an interdisciplinary workshop in Copenhagen organized by the research centre ‘The Many Roads in Modernity. South-Eastern Europe and its Ottoman Roots’ (modernity.ku.dk). The centre has been generously funded by the Carlsberg Foundation since 2012. This support has made both the work- shop and the production of Nostalgia, Loss and Creativity in South-East Europe possible. v CONTENTS 1 Loss and Creativity: Affect and Effect. Political and Cultural Representations of the Past in South-East Europe 1 Catharina Raudvere 2 Transforming a Totalitarian Edifice: Artistic and Ethnographic Engagements with the House of the People in Bucharest 11 Ger Duijzings 3 Battles of Nostalgic Proportion: The Transformations of Islam-as-Historical-­Force in Western Balkan Reconstitutions of the Past 37 Isa Blumi 4 The Economy of Nostalgia: Communist Pathos Between Politics and Advertisement 73 Tanja Zimmermann 5 ‘Everything Has Its Place in God’s Imaret’: Nostalgic Visions of Co-existence in Contemporary Greek Historical Fiction 87 Trine Stauning Willert vii viii CONTENTS 6 “This Is a Country for You”: Yugonostalgia and Antinationalism in the Rock-Music Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina 125 Zlatko Jovanovic 7 Domesticating Kemalism: Conflicting Muslim Narratives About Turkey in Interwar Yugoslavia 151 Fabio Giomi 8 Writing for Survival: Letters of Sarajevo Jews Before Their Liquidation During World War II 189 Francine Friedman 9 Enduring Bonds of Place: Personhood and the Loss of Home 213 Renée Hirschon Index 237 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Isa Blumi is an Associate Professor at the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies, Stockholm University, Sweden. While cover- ing much of the late Ottoman Empire, with a special focus on the Western Balkans and South Arabia, Dr. Blumi’s latest work explores post-imperial societies faced with dramatic demographic, structural, and socio-economic change. Ger Duijzings is a Professor of Social Anthropology at Universität Regensburg, Germany, and one of the Principal Investigators of the Graduate School for East and Southeast European Studies (Ludwig-Maximilians-­ ­ Universität München and Universität Regensburg). He has extensively researched the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and is currently studying urban transformations and social inequality in post-­socialist Bucharest. Francine Friedman is a Professor in the Department of Political Science at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, USA. As a Fulbright Visiting Scholar to Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2012 and 2013, she pursued research on her forthcoming book on the Bosnian Jewish Community. Fabio Giomi is a Researcher at the Centre d’études turques, ottomanes, balkaniques et centrasiatiques (CETOBAC) in Paris, France. His research focuses on the social and cultural history of Southeastern Europe between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, with a special focus on the Yugoslav region. Among his current research topics are voluntary associations and social movements, women and gender history, Balkan Muslims, and transnational studies. ix x Notes on Contributors Renée Hirschon is a senior research fellow of St. Peter’s College and a senior member of St. Antony’s College, University of Oxford, UK. She is also a research associate of the School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford. Her works and research cover a wide range of topics, among them identity, nationalism, cosmology, ritual, gen- der, migration, diasporas, spatial organization, and the ethnography of speaking. Zlatko Jovanovic is a Research Fellow at ‘The Many Roads in Modernity’ research center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. His research has mainly focused on popular culture, (anti)nationalism, and identity forma- tion in Socialist Yugoslavia. Currently, he is working on a monograph on the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Olympic Games. Catharina Raudvere is a Professor of History of Religions at the Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where she directs the research centre ‘The Many Roads in Modernity’. Her research interests include contemporary Muslim religious practices with a special focus on Turkey and the Balkans. Trine Stauning Willert is an Honorary Research Fellow at the Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies at the University of Birmingham, UK. Her recent research, part of ‘The Many Roads in Modernity’ project, is forthcoming in the monograph The New Ottoman Greece in History and Fiction in the series Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe. Tanja Zimmermann is a Professor of History of Art, with a focus on East Europe, at the University of Leipzig, Germany. Her main research interests include memory cultures, media and art policy in Eastern Europe, as well as cultural transfer between East and West Europe. LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 2.1 Punk rocker and other youth in front of the House of the People, 1994, Iosif Király, from the Indirect series 14 Fig. 2.2 Panoramic view of the Viennese Ball in the Sala Unirii (Union Hall), 2015, Iosif Király, from the Reconstructions series 19 Fig. 2.3 Panoramic view from the roof terrace of the Museum of Contemporary Art at the back of the House of the People, with the Cathedral for the Salvation of the Romanian People (under construction) in the background, 2016, Iosif Király, from the Reconstructions series 21 Fig. 2.4 Collage of details and fragments of the House’s interior and exterior, 2012–3, photographs taken by the author 29 Fig. 4.1 T-shirts with the symbol of the Slovenian Liberation Front (OF) transformed into an economic diagram 79 Fig. 4.2 Documentary-fictionThe Face of a Revolution (Serbia 2012), director: Vladimir Milovanović, film-still 81 Fig. 5.1 Front cover of Kalpouzos’ novel Imaret (2008). The image is from an undated postcard from the archive of Petros S. Mechtidis. It pictures a street in a town characterized by its Ottoman architectural style, with the mosque and minaret in the centre. There is nothing threatening about the presence of the mosque, and the image transmits an atmosphere of good old times with people strolling in the shade of the alley while the tiled roofs are lit by the sun. The colours are harmonious and invite the spectator to step in and discover this alluring past 97 Fig. 5.2 Map of Arta from the novel Imaret (second edition, 2015). The religious institution of the imaret is given a prominent place close to the compass, as if it is showing the way. The city’s xi xii LIST OF FIGURES famous bridge, on the contrary, is placed outside the map and indicated only by a small arrow in the left bottom corner. Apart from the imaret, the map displays six mosques and two synagogues, along with 21 Christian churches. Source: Psichogios Publications 98 Fig. 5.3 Front cover of Christopoulos’ novel So, Are You Greek, Too? The image is much more demanding than the nostalgic postcard image from Kalpouzos’ novel.
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