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A Franco-American Overview

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A Franco-American Overview DOCUMENT RESUME ED 260 000 SO 016 725 AUTHOR Albert, Renaud S., Comp. TITLE A Franco-American Overview. Volume 1. INSTiTUTION Natipnal Assessment and Dissemination Center for Bilingual Education, .Cambridge, Mass.; National, Materials Development eenter for French and Portuguese, Bedford, N.H. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. .REPORT NO ISBN-0-89857-107-3 PUB DATE 79 NOTE 308p.; For the other volumes in this series. see SO 016 726-730. PUB TYPE Viewpoints (120) Historical Materials (060) Collected W5rks General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Acculturation; Biculturalism; *Cross Cultural Studies; *Cultural Education; *Cultural Influences; Cultural Pluralism; Culture; Ethnic Groups; Migration; Social History; Social Studies; Subcultures; United States History IDENTIFIERS AcOians; *Franco Americans; French (Cajun); French (Haitian); French Creole; *French Culture; Huguenots; Louisiana; Maine; New Hampshire; Vermont ABSTRACT Infended to help readers develop an appreciation of the contributions of Franco-Americans to thecultural heritage of the United States, tipis book, the first of six volumes, presents14 readings representing many perspectives--f om thehibtorical to the sociological -- illustrating the thinking an feelings of those in the forefront of Franco-American studies. Thi olume includes the/ following articles: "What is an American?" (MadeleineGiguere); "One-s, Piece in the Great American Mosaic" (Robert Perreault);"Louisiana's French Heritage" (Truman Stacey); "Haiti"(Thomas E. Weil); "The Huguenots" (Marie-Reine Mikesell); ."The Acadians ofMaine" (Julie Rapid 7 Albert); "The French in Vermont" (Peter Woolfson); "The Assimilation of Canadian French in Northern Vermont"(Peter Woolfson); "The Franco-American Heritage in Manchester, New jHampshire" (Thaddeus M. Piotrowski); "A History ofFranco-American ournalism" (Paul Pari); "Bilingual Living" (Normand C.Dube); "Cajun French and French Creole: Their Speakers and theQuestions of Identities" (Dorice Tentchoff); "La Cuisine Chez-Nous"("Our Cuisine", Sr. Marguerite Cyr); and "Louisiana'sCreole-Acadian Cuisine" (Ernest Gueymard). 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' aumioA 4 1. .1- ' .4. A FRANCO-AMERICAN OVERVIEW Volume 1 A Compiled by: Rent ud S. Albert 1 4 I..., 4 '' '0 ) ' ,." 1 ;'..r 1' 4 tI 4 ii ? cp zt° 41. Published by National Assessment and Dissemination Center, ESEA Title VII Lesley College, 49 Washington Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140 Developed by National Materials Development Center for French 168 South River Road. Bedford, New liempshire 03102 International Standard Book Number 0-89857-107-3 44 Published May 1979 \-N Printed in the United States of America 'ne activity which is the subject of this publication was supported in whole or Owl by the Office of Education U S Department of Health Education and Welfare However the opinions expressed hPrein.do not necessarily reflect the Position of policy of the Office of Education. and no official endorsement by the Office of Education should be inferred The National Assessment and Dissemination Culler for Bilinguallducation is a special ESEA Title kni project unded by the U S Office of Education through esley College Cambridge Mass. and the Fall River Public School System this publication was developed and printed with funds provided by Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 01 1965 as amended 04 G ti 4 ti ,.1 INTRODUCTION This guide is intended for the use of those who wish to find out abgut 6r to extend their awareness of le fait franco-americain in sthe United States today. The selections chosen for this guide represent many perspectivesfrom the historical through the cultural to the sociological T and illustrate the thinking and the feelings of those who are in the forefront of Franco-American studies. We hope that through is guide the reader will develop an appreciation of the contributipns of the Frafice- Americans to the cultural heritage ofour United States. It g't TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 I Chapter t. Page Introduction Lu I What is an American? Madeleine Giguere 1 One Piece in the Great American Mosaic / Robert ferreault 7 4. III' Louisiana's French Heritage Truman Stacey 58 IV Haiti Thomas E Well 124 z V The Huguenots Marie-Reine Mikesell 146 VI The Acadians of Maine Julie Albert 151 VII The French ir. VermOnt Peter Woolfson 207 VIII The Rapid As..:milatiatt of Canadian French in Northern termont Peter Woolfson 211. IX fite Franc6-Ainerican Heritagein - Manchester, New Hampshire Thaddeus M. Piotrowski 217 X A History of Fkanco-American Journalism Paul Path 237 . XI Eplingual Living Normand C. Dube 261 XII Cajun French and French Creole: Their Speakers and the Questions of Identities Do'rice Tentchoff 273 XIII La Cuisine Chez-Nous Sr. Marguerite Cyr 289 XIV Louisiana's Creole-Acadian Cuisine Ernest Gueymard 292 WHAT IS AN AMERICAN? * 'by NA. -14%ladeleine Giguere 1. Professor of Sociology University of Maine atrortland-Gorham The answer to this question is in part de deprivation takes a long time to eradicate.The termined from whence the .response comes - a pre-American Revglution stock has dominated geographic location, a site in a social topography American society down through the years. The or a place in a mltural base. To take the easier first American President riot of pre- revolution- distinction first, the European may or may not ary slock was a very popular General in cone of man the. United States when he srs America, our Major and successful wars, Dwight David ceitainly the South Am 'can will say, we too Eisenhower. One hundred and seventy-five are Americans, South Ainerican if yott wish, but years were needed to make true the Peclaration Americans nevertheless;the Mexican will say of Independence'cringing state .ent of equality that he too is an American, a North American, as between pre and post-revolutionary stock. In as are his neighbors to the north. Canadians also 1960 the election of John F. Kennedy -to the will say that they are American, North Ameri- Presidency proclaimed the equality of Catholics cans calling themselves Canadians and reserving within the American Republic. But we have not the simple Whit American for their neighbors to yet had a President whose ancestors were incor- the south.And, of co. irse, the Canadian usage porated into the U.S. after iheCivil War, nor a is also the common American meaning: an Amer- Jewish .President, nor a Black President, nor ; ican is a person of the United States of America. Native American President, nor a Hispanic Pres- My talk will deal with the internal usage and ident, nor a Franco-American President. We are meanings of «what is an American?» This is not all Americans, but some are more equal than only important to the United States but also to othc:s», to quote George Orwell in Animal Farm. a large extent determines the definition of us Ancestry still plays a larger role in determining made by other peoples. degrees of possible participation in the American system than we would like to think.The 0/. If one is a full participant in our society production of Roots has had the positive func- one assumes that everyone elseis. In my course tion of bringing ancestry to the fore of the Amer- in Social Change, I use a Simulated Society ex- ican consciousness where we can confront it ercise in which there is a deprived region; it is for blacks, whites, and by analogy for all the ra- a very depressing experience for middle class stu- cial and ethnic groups in the United States.It dents not to be able to participate fully in the has made us aware of the diversity of our back- society because of the lack of resources. They grounds, not only the Mayflower, but also the have to scramble so hard just to keep alive that slave ships. And for t, 3, as Franco-Americans, ;t they exercise little or no influence in this soci- has brought visions of the slips coming first to ety, often trading their votes for food.It is a St.
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