DOCSLIB.ORG

The Historic New Orleans Quarterly Vol.Xxviii, Number 4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Historic New Orleans Quarterly Vol.Xxviii, Number 4 THE HISTORIC NEW ORLEANS COLLECTION E INSID French Collections . 6 Acquisitions . 16 The Shop . 19 Volume XXVIII Number 4 Fall 2011 RLY RLY E E QUART QUART THE THE Major Acquisition of Manuscripts Documenting the Legacy of John Law The Rise and Fall of John Law in Louisiana n the late summer of 2010 The Collection acquired an exceptional collec- ambler, swindler, stat- King’s Bench prison in the 1690s) pre- Louis’s death left France in the tion of some 232 documents concerning Scottish economist John Law’s istician, genius have all ceded him. hands of his five-year-old great-grandson, Iinfamous System, which encompassed far-reaching economic programs been used to describe The following year Law sought an whose reign would be overseen by the for the establishment of a national bank and a global trading company. Law’s one of ancien régime France’s most audience with Louis XIV in France, where regent, Philippe, duc d’Orléans, until he enterprise, first known as the Company of the West, then as the Company of Gnotable and notorious figures: John Law. a severe specie shortage, repeated military reached the age of majority at 13. The the Indies, undertook the establishment of New Orleans in 1718. Compris- Born in Scotland in 1671, Law spent engagements, and a mounting state debt regent inherited a financial crisis of epic 2A—to come ing imprints, posters, and manuscripts, the John Law Collection (MSS 606) much of his early adulthood frequent- combined to put Europe’s most popu- proportions. France’s treasury was bank- allows researchers to trace, step by step, the development of Law’s financial ing the gaming tables of Amsterdam, lous nation on increasingly precarious rupt. State debt topped 2 billion livres, system and the ramifications of its collapse for Louisiana. One of the rare Genoa, Paris, and Venice, where he used financial footing. In “Mémoire touchant not including annual interest payments documents included in the acquisition is the only known surviving manu- his mathematical genius to amass a sub- les monoies et le commerce” Law pro- to its creditors of 90 million livres, and script copy of the “Lettres patentes portant privilège en faveur du Sr. Law...” stantial fortune. Personal gain was not posed the creation of a French national the treasury had borrowed against future (May 2, 1716), which permitted Law to establish the Banque Générale, Law’s only motivation, however. Time bank that would issue paper money, tax revenues through 1718. The entire France’s first national bank. The precious parchment document is signed by spent in Europe’s financial capitals also increase available credit, and promote financial system was on the verge of both six-year-old Louis XV and the regent, Philippe, duc d’Orléans. Also of afforded him access to the worlds of trade (objectives known collectively as collapse, a situation that left the regent interest is a simple, anonymous, tongue-in-cheek manuscript genealogy trac- high finance and economic theory. Law’s “System”), but he failed to get predisposed to consider Law’s proffered ing Law’s lineage to Beelzebub. Such items bear testimony to the eventual In 1714 Law took up permanent the proposal past the king’s controller- solutions. emotional and financial trauma that Law’s experiment caused in France. To residence with his common-law wife, general. In 1707 two more submissions Law’s ascent in the months and First French-language edition of Law’s Money and Trade Considered, La Haye: Jean contextualize the importance of this collection, this issue of the Quarterly Katherine (Knowles) Seigneur, in a lav- were rejected. Not until Law took up years following the death of Louis XIV Neaulme, 1720 (2010.0158.7), acquisition features essays providing overviews of John Law’s rise and fall (pages 2–5) ishly furnished house on Paris’s exclu- permanent residence in Paris were any was meteoric. Within two months his made possible in part by the Clarisse Claiborne and The Historic New Orleans Collection’s notable assemblage of materials sive Place Louis-le-Grand (now Place of his proposals entertained in earnest proposal to create a national bank was Grima Fund and the Boyd Cruise Fund documenting French Louisiana (pages 6–8). Vendôme). He likely chose the newly by the king and his ministers. But just heard before the finance council. The —Alfred E. Lemmon constructed square because the resi- as Law faced the unfamiliar prospect of following summer, the bank became dences lining it were home to some of seeing his financial plans adopted, Louis a reality. In August 1717 Law’s newly more stable alternative. In exchange, the the most influential financiers in Paris, XIV died, on September 1, 1715. formed trading company, the Company Company charged 4 percent interest on “Lettres patentes portant privilège en faveur du including Antoine Crozat, whose com- of the West (Compagnie d’Occident), the billets d’état, a lower rate than what Sr. Law et sa Compagnie pany maintained exclusive rights to took over Crozat’s Louisiana charter the Crown paid to most of its creditors. d’establir une banque trade in Louisiana. with hopes of establishing a French By the summer of 1719 Law’s com- generalle,” May 2, 1716 By the time Law settled in Paris, version of the Chesapeake in the Mis- pany had absorbed the Company of the (2010.0158.1), acquisition he was already on his way to establish- sissippi Valley. A year later the regent East Indies and the Royal China and made possible in part by the ing himself as one of the period’s most awarded Law’s company a nine-year Africa Companies. It also acquired the Clarisse Claiborne Grima Fund and the Boyd Cruise influential economic theorists. In 1705 monopoly of all tobacco trade within Senegal Company, a slave-trading entity Fund he had published Money and Trade Con- the French empire. whose resources and contacts Law hoped sidered with a Proposal for Supplying To raise capital and fund the acqui- to exploit in order to bring laborers to the Nation with Money, a treatise Law sition of smaller companies, the Com- Louisiana. The resulting conglomerate, hoped would cure the economic ills of pany issued a series of shares. Proceeds the Company of the Indies (Compag- his native Scotland. Law’s proposal cen- from each issuance were intended to cre- nie des Indes), had the most far-ranging tered on the creation of a land bank, ate greater solvency. This money-raising geographic scope in the history of Euro- which would by design alleviate the scheme was authorized by the state, pean trading companies. To finance country’s specie shortage through the which benefited from the arrangement the expansion Law released more share issuance of paper money backed by the by the elimination of some of its float- issuances and eliminated the stipula- value of land. Though Law published ing debt. The initial 1717 offering could tion that shares be purchased with billets the treatise anonymously, his author- only be purchased with billets d’état— d’état. At the same time the bank issued ship was well known by the time it was the paper notes of credit issued by the 50 million livres of banknotes to ensure considered—and rejected—by the Scot- Crown, their valuation prone to violent that there was enough cash in circula- tish Parliament in the summer of 1705. Edict establishing the Company of the West, fluctuations. The intent was to decrease tion to cover new share purchases, and Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1717 (2010.0158.12), His reputation as a gambler and worse the number of unstable in circula- Law pledged to personally underwrite acquisition made possible in part by the Clarisse billets (sentenced to death for killing a man in Claiborne Grima Fund and the Boyd Cruise tion, while promoting the sale of shares the new share issue. Loosened subscrip- a duel, he had escaped from London’s Fund in what Law and the Crown viewed as a tion requirements, an increased money 2 Volume XXVIII, Number 4 — Fall 2011 The Historic New Orleans Collection Quarterly 3 grew; public confidence in his System collapsed, despite Law’s efforts to stabi- the nation’s economic apparatus was s; wavered. As company stock plummeted, lize the credit markets and restore public in shambles, and thousands were left For Louisiana the ramifications of shareholders rushed to cash in shares, confidence. holding worthless paper notes. Law Law’s fall from favor were mixed. Satir- and the mint printed more banknotes to Law’s fall from favor over the course spent the last years of his life in Venice, ical images and derisory texts depicting meet demand, causing widespread infla- of 1720 was as striking for its speed as his hounded by shareholders and credi- the colony as a debauched, thoroughly tion. On November 27 the bank closed rise had been some five years earlier. By tors, before dying of pneumonia on desperate place circulated throughout its doors. By December the System had late December 1720 he had fled France, March 21, 1729. Europe, causing an already anemic 100-livre banknote issued by the Banque Royale, which in December 1718 replaced the Banque Générale, August 1, 1719 (2001-47-L) supply, and Law’s personal investment bolstered public confidence. The public’s appetite for company shares in the fall of 1719 seemed insa- tiable. Between September 26 and Octo- John Law from Het Groote Tafereel ber 4, 1719, Law released four additional der Dwaasheid, Amsterdam, 1720−21 issuances. Trade along rue Quincampoix (2010.0158.9), acquisition made possible in part spilled over from the Company’s share- by the Clarisse Claiborne Grima Fund and the sales office into the street, where the fren- Boyd Cruise Fund zied throng of investors and speculators was so thick that the city had to issue a flow of immigrants to nearly dry up.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Many-Storied Place
    A Many-storied Place Historic Resource Study Arkansas Post National Memorial, Arkansas Theodore Catton Principal Investigator Midwest Region National Park Service Omaha, Nebraska 2017 A Many-Storied Place Historic Resource Study Arkansas Post National Memorial, Arkansas Theodore Catton Principal Investigator 2017 Recommended: {){ Superintendent, Arkansas Post AihV'j Concurred: Associate Regional Director, Cultural Resources, Midwest Region Date Approved: Date Remove not the ancient landmark which thy fathers have set. Proverbs 22:28 Words spoken by Regional Director Elbert Cox Arkansas Post National Memorial dedication June 23, 1964 Table of Contents List of Figures vii Introduction 1 1 – Geography and the River 4 2 – The Site in Antiquity and Quapaw Ethnogenesis 38 3 – A French and Spanish Outpost in Colonial America 72 4 – Osotouy and the Changing Native World 115 5 – Arkansas Post from the Louisiana Purchase to the Trail of Tears 141 6 – The River Port from Arkansas Statehood to the Civil War 179 7 – The Village and Environs from Reconstruction to Recent Times 209 Conclusion 237 Appendices 241 1 – Cultural Resource Base Map: Eight exhibits from the Memorial Unit CLR (a) Pre-1673 / Pre-Contact Period Contributing Features (b) 1673-1803 / Colonial and Revolutionary Period Contributing Features (c) 1804-1855 / Settlement and Early Statehood Period Contributing Features (d) 1856-1865 / Civil War Period Contributing Features (e) 1866-1928 / Late 19th and Early 20th Century Period Contributing Features (f) 1929-1963 / Early 20th Century Period
    [Show full text]
  • French Louisiana in the Age of the Companies, 1712–1731
    CHAPTER FIVE FRENCH LOUISIANA IN THE AGE OF THE COMPANIES, 1712–1731 Cécile Vidal1 Founded in 1699, Louisiana was unable to benefit from the action of the two French ministers who did the most in the seventeenth century to foster the creation of companies for commerce and col- onization. Driven by the concern to increase the power of the State, Richelieu and especially Colbert, who had more success than his predecessor, had developed mercantilist policies that included the creation of companies on the English and Dutch model. Established in the same spirit as guilds, these companies were associations of merchants that received a monopoly from the king over trade between the metropolis and a specific region. They made it possible to raise the large amounts of capital necessary for large-scale maritime com- merce and overseas colonization. By associating, the merchants lim- ited their individual risk, while the monopoly guaranteed them a profit; they therefore agreed to finance costly enterprises that the royal treasury did not have the means to support. Companies thus served the interests of traders as well as the monarchy.2 In the New World, companies quickly became involved in the French colonization of Acadia, Canada, and the West Indies. By the end of the seventeenth century, however—the time of the founding of Louisiana—these various colonies had almost all passed under direct royal authority.3 In 1712, the same year that Louisiana’s com- mercial monopoly was entrusted to financier Antoine Crozat, the 1 This essay was translated from the original French by Leslie Choquette, Institut français, Assumption College.
    [Show full text]
  • New Orleans: Bayous & the Big Easy
    NEW!New OrleaNs: BayOus & the Big easy LOUISIANA Maximum Elevation: 42 ft. M Breaux Bridge i ss Lafayette is si pp i R New New Iberia ive Orleans Avery Island r GULF OF MEXICO Five nights in the heart of New Orleans reveal the cultural soul of the Big Easy, from the unique architecture and character of the French Quarter to the Bourbon Street jazz scene 1. arrive New OrleaNs Tour begins: 5:15 PM at Hotel Monteleone. A transfer is included from New Orleans’ Louis Armstrong International Airport to the Hotel StorieS by Monteleone. We invite you to join us tonight for a welcome cocktail reception at your landmark luxury hotel at the foot of Royal Street in Tauck On-tour Exclusive! the heart of the “Vieux Carre;” in fact, some say the French Quarter Filmed narratives by Ken “begins in the lobby of the Hotel Monteleone.” Our reception is Burns tell an American Kenstory Burns followed by dinner tonight at another Royal Street institution – the through the prism known as world-famous Brennan’s, originator of “Bananas Foster.” Meals D “jazz” – so much more than the music, singers, musicians, 2. COOkiNg sChOOl / Mardi gras iNsider and impresarios who ignited Jambalaya, étouffée, historic streetcars, ornate wrought-iron a passion that forever changed the world. Tauck takes you balconies and the cool sounds of jazz... get to know “Nawlins” behind-the-scenes with commentary by the creator of the PBS up close on a day filled with Tauck’s signature sightseeing and documentary “Jazz – A Film by Ken Burns.” insider discoveries in the “Big Easy.” Begin with a city tour that encompasses Canal Street, one of New Orleans’ central and 68 Tauck Value Includes: • Tauck Exclusive – A private culinary experience at the New Orleans School of Cooking in the French Quarter, featuring a special cooking demonstration and a memorable meal LOUISIANA • Tauck Exclusive – A private, home-cooked porch lunch at a Maximum Elevation: 42 ft.
    [Show full text]
  • The Orleans Collection Mark Ledbury 2/3 March 2016
    Art Appreciation Lecture Series 2016 Collectors & Collections: classical to contemporary The Orleans Collection Mark Ledbury 2/3 March 2016 Lecture summary: This lecture focuses on the collection of Philippe II, Duc D’Orléans, Regent of France from 1715-23. The Regent’s purchase of Queen Cristina’s pictures, and his avid gathering of paintings from other sources, helped create one of the most magnificent collections of paintings in the world, displayed at the Palais-Royal, his Parisian residence. The lecture explores the importance of the collection at the moment of its formation and throughout the eighteenth century, as well as its fortunes during and after the Revolution. Slide list: 1. Jean-Baptiste Santerre, Portrait of Philippe II d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans as "Regent of France" C.1716, Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, UK 2. Claude Duflos, after J-B Santerre, Philippe Duc D’Orleans, “Grandson of France” and Regent of France (etching and engraving, 1716, British Museum) 3. John Faber the elder, Portrait of Philippe II Duke of Orléans, 1715 Mezzotint, British Museum 4. François Guibert, after Jean-Baptiste Santerre, THe Regent Guided by Minerva (Etching and Engraving, c.1786-1808) 5. Bernard Picart, Allegory of the Regency, c.1720, etching and engraving, London, British Museum 6. The Palais Royal from the Plan Turgot, 1734-9. 7. Plan Générale du Batimens (sic) du premier étage du Palais Royal, from J-F Blondel, Cours d’Architecture, 1754 8. Antoine COYPEL , Man Resting in the Lap of a Woman 1716-17 (Black chalk, white highlights and red chalk; squared for transfer; beige-tinted paper, Paris: Musée du Louvre 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of the Splendid Collection of Pictures
    CATALOGUE OP THE SPLENDID COLLECTION OF PICTURES BELONGING TO PRINCE LUCIEN BUONAPARTE; WHICH WILL BE EXHIBITED FOR SALE BY PRIVATE CONTRACT, ON MONDAY THE SIXTH DAY OF FEBRUARY, 1815, AND FOLLOWING DAYS, AT THE NEW GALLERY, (MR. BUCHANAN’S) No. 60, PALL-MALL. ADJOINING THE BRITISH GALLERY". % Admittance One Shilling.— Descriptive Catalogue Eighteen-pence, .In England, where there is no National Gallery for the reception of the chefs-d’oeuvre of the Great Mas¬ ters of the various schools, where the amateur or the student might at all times have an opportunity of improving his taste, or forming his. knowledge on works of art, every thing must naturally be considered as desirable, which can in any degree tend to afford facility for such study, or acquirements. The numerous applications which have been made to view the Collection of Pictures belonging to Prince •Lucien Buonaparte have induced those under whose direction it has been placed, to open the New Gallery, in Pall-Mall, to the Public, in the manner usually adopted in this country : they have also resolved to allow the Collection itself to he separated, and sold, in the same manner as the celebrated Collection of the Duke of Orleans; being convinced that Collectors will feel more satisfied in having an opportunity afforded them of gratifying their wishes individually, by a selection of such pictures as may suit the taste of each purchaser. 2 This Collection has been formed from many of the principal Cabinets on the Continent, during a period of the last fifteen years; and not only has the greatest attention been paid to a selection of agreeable subjects of the different masters, but also to the quality and state of preservation of the pictures themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 1995
    19 9 5 ANNUAL REPORT 1995 Annual Report Copyright © 1996, Board of Trustees, Photographic credits: Details illustrated at section openings: National Gallery of Art. All rights p. 16: photo courtesy of PaceWildenstein p. 5: Alexander Archipenko, Woman Combing Her reserved. Works of art in the National Gallery of Art's collec- Hair, 1915, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund, 1971.66.10 tions have been photographed by the department p. 7: Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, Punchinello's This publication was produced by the of imaging and visual services. Other photographs Farewell to Venice, 1797/1804, Gift of Robert H. and Editors Office, National Gallery of Art, are by: Robert Shelley (pp. 12, 26, 27, 34, 37), Clarice Smith, 1979.76.4 Editor-in-chief, Frances P. Smyth Philip Charles (p. 30), Andrew Krieger (pp. 33, 59, p. 9: Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon in His Study, Editors, Tarn L. Curry, Julie Warnement 107), and William D. Wilson (p. 64). 1812, Samuel H. Kress Collection, 1961.9.15 Editorial assistance, Mariah Seagle Cover: Paul Cezanne, Boy in a Red Waistcoat (detail), p. 13: Giovanni Paolo Pannini, The Interior of the 1888-1890, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon Pantheon, c. 1740, Samuel H. Kress Collection, Designed by Susan Lehmann, in Honor of the 50th Anniversary of the National 1939.1.24 Washington, DC Gallery of Art, 1995.47.5 p. 53: Jacob Jordaens, Design for a Wall Decoration (recto), 1640-1645, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund, Printed by Schneidereith & Sons, Title page: Jean Dubuffet, Le temps presse (Time Is 1875.13.1.a Baltimore, Maryland Running Out), 1950, The Stephen Hahn Family p.
    [Show full text]
  • Louisiana and the French Colonial Period 2
    1 The HistoricLouisiana and theLouisiana French Colonial Period New Orleans and the Collection French MUSEUM • RESEARCH CENTER • PUBLISHER Colonial Period Teacher’s guide: grade levels 6–8 Number of class periods: 4 Copyright © 2016 The Historic New Orleans Collection; copyright © 2016 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History All rights reserved. Copyright © 2016 The Historic New Orleans Collection | www.hnoc.org | copyright © 2016 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History | www.gilderlehrman.org Louisiana and the French Colonial Period 2 Louisiana and the French Colonial Period Metadata Grade levels 6–8 Number of class periods: 4 What’s Inside Lesson One....p. 4 Lesson Two....p. 11 Lesson Three....p. 15 Lesson Four....p. 20 Common Core Standards CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.1: Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.2: Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.4: Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary specific to domains related to history/social studies. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.SL.8.1: Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 8 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly. The Historic New Orleans Collection, 533 Royal Street, New Orleans,
    [Show full text]
  • Sketchbook 47 Introduction
    Introduction to SSB 47 (4-27 September 1857) by Philip Cottrell NB. All page references are to SSB 47 and catalogue numbers refer to items from the Art Treasures Exhibition’s Gallery of Ancient Masters unless otherwise specified. Scharf’s new duties as Secretary of the National Portrait Gallery did not begin to regularly occupy him until mid-October 1857, leaving him with enough time to re-establish himself in Manchester for weeks-on-end in order to make daily sketching visits to the Art Treasures Palace (he still had his entry season ticket after all, even if he had had to pay for it himself).1 During the period covered by SSB 47, Friday 4 to Sunday 27 September, Scharf was almost continually in Manchester, returning to London only briefly between Monday 7 and Wednesday 9 September). On Monday 14 September, Scharf’s aunt recorded in her diary that she had received “a note from George to say he was constantly at the [Art Treasures] Palace hard at work”.2 Before the Exhibition’s closure on 17 October, it is understandable that Scharf wished to fully benefit from his efforts in bringing about the most comprehensive temporary gathering of old masters ever assembled from private and public collections. On the grounds of professional and personal interest, he was keen to make more sketches and notes on some of the hundreds of paintings at Old Trafford and to do this with more care and diligence than had hitherto been possible during his countrywide survey of the collections of which they were a part.
    [Show full text]
  • Discover New Orleans' Literary History with the Hotel Monteleone
    Media Contact: Emily Schmidt FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 504.324.4242 [email protected] Discover New Orleans’ Literary History with the Hotel Monteleone New Literary History Walking Tour Available On Tuesdays and Saturdays New Orleans, LA (February 2, 2011) – New Orleans is known around the world for its signature food, its resilient spirit and, of course, its rich history. Starting this February, the Hotel Monteleone will offer a new Literary History Walking Tour to highlight the famous authors who impacted its story and helped it to earn the distinction of Literary Landmark, an honor bestowed on only three hotels in the country. Led by local historian and writer, Glenn De Villier, the Hotel Monteleone’s two-hour tour is available on Tuesdays at 10am and Saturdays at 3pm. Beginning and ending in the famous Carousel Bar, the tour divulges the literary history of the Hotel Monteleone and its famous literary patrons including Eudora Welty, Tennessee Williams, William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway, among others. After leaving the Hotel Monteleone, the tour meanders through the French Quarter, connecting the rich literary culture of New Orleans with several historical landmarks and residences. Highlights on the walking tour include Exchange Alley, the Pontalba Apartments, Madame John’s Legacy, the Old Ursuline Convent, the Beauregard-Keyes House, the Lalaurie Mansion, and the homes of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams. “This tour is a wonderful opportunity to gain a better understanding of the Hotel Monteleone’s rich history as it relates to the various authors who are icons of the modern literary world,” said Andrea Thornton, director of sales and marketing at the Hotel Monteleone.
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Experiences in French Colonial Louisiana
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1997 The Need for "That Certain Article of Furniture": Women's Experiences in French Colonial Louisiana Ellen Margaret Fitzgibbons College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Fitzgibbons, Ellen Margaret, "The Need for "That Certain Article of Furniture": Women's Experiences in French Colonial Louisiana" (1997). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626134. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-xm1y-h458 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE NEED FOR “THAT CERTAIN ARTICLE OF FURNITURE”: WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES IN FRENCH COLONIAL LOUISIANA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts by Ellen M. Fitzgibbons 1997 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Approved, September 1997 <C^~&UjLOr> A xZlM' James L. Axtell Cam Walker ALu Jimes P. Whittenburg TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv ABSTRACT v INTRODUCTION 2 CHAPTER I. INDIAN WOMEN AND THE ADVENT OF EUROPEAN WOMEN, 1699-1717 11 CHAPTER II.
    [Show full text]
  • NGA | 2017 Annual Report
    N A TIO NAL G ALL E R Y O F A R T 2017 ANNUAL REPORT ART & EDUCATION W. Russell G. Byers Jr. Board of Trustees COMMITTEE Buffy Cafritz (as of September 30, 2017) Frederick W. Beinecke Calvin Cafritz Chairman Leo A. Daly III Earl A. Powell III Louisa Duemling Mitchell P. Rales Aaron Fleischman Sharon P. Rockefeller Juliet C. Folger David M. Rubenstein Marina Kellen French Andrew M. Saul Whitney Ganz Sarah M. Gewirz FINANCE COMMITTEE Lenore Greenberg Mitchell P. Rales Rose Ellen Greene Chairman Andrew S. Gundlach Steven T. Mnuchin Secretary of the Treasury Jane M. Hamilton Richard C. Hedreen Frederick W. Beinecke Sharon P. Rockefeller Frederick W. Beinecke Sharon P. Rockefeller Helen Lee Henderson Chairman President David M. Rubenstein Kasper Andrew M. Saul Mark J. Kington Kyle J. Krause David W. Laughlin AUDIT COMMITTEE Reid V. MacDonald Andrew M. Saul Chairman Jacqueline B. Mars Frederick W. Beinecke Robert B. Menschel Mitchell P. Rales Constance J. Milstein Sharon P. Rockefeller John G. Pappajohn Sally Engelhard Pingree David M. Rubenstein Mitchell P. Rales David M. Rubenstein Tony Podesta William A. Prezant TRUSTEES EMERITI Diana C. Prince Julian Ganz, Jr. Robert M. Rosenthal Alexander M. Laughlin Hilary Geary Ross David O. Maxwell Roger W. Sant Victoria P. Sant B. Francis Saul II John Wilmerding Thomas A. Saunders III Fern M. Schad EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Leonard L. Silverstein Frederick W. Beinecke Albert H. Small President Andrew M. Saul John G. Roberts Jr. Michelle Smith Chief Justice of the Earl A. Powell III United States Director Benjamin F. Stapleton III Franklin Kelly Luther M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Booklover's Guide to New Orleans Jennifer Culley University of Southern Mississippi
    The Southeastern Librarian Volume 61 | Issue 3 Article 6 10-1-2013 Book Review: The Booklover's Guide to New Orleans Jennifer Culley University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/seln Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Recommended Citation Culley, Jennifer (2013) "Book Review: The Booklover's Guide to New Orleans," The Southeastern Librarian: Vol. 61 : Iss. 3 , Article 6. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/seln/vol61/iss3/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Southeastern Librarian by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BOOK REVIEWS effect on the literary community. Larson includes lists of books by New Orleans natives and on topics that relate to all things New Orleans. Her lists include a wide variety of literature including poetry, children’s books, cook books, sports, fiction and a section on material related to Hurricane Katrina. Some of the authors listed include Ellen DeGeneres, Zora Neale Hurston, Emeril Lagasse and Truman Capote. There are numerous illustrations of famous authors and artists in New Orleans, places where they lived, or places that played an important part in New Orleans history. Larson also brings attention to stores, festivals and the many bookstores and publishers of the last two centuries that were based in the City. If you are a literary buff and ever wondered where in the Garden District Anne Rice lived, you can find out in this book.
    [Show full text]