Louisiana and the French Colonial Period 2
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Colorado History Chronology
Colorado History Chronology 13,000 B.C. Big game hunters may have occupied area later known as Colorado. Evidence shows that they were here by at least 9200 B.C. A.D. 1 to 1299 A.D. Advent of great Prehistoric Cliff Dwelling Civilization in the Mesa Verde region. 1276 to 1299 A.D. A great drought and/or pressure from nomadic tribes forced the Cliff Dwellers to abandon their Mesa Verde homes. 1500 A.D. Ute Indians inhabit mountain areas of southern Rocky Mountains making these Native Americans the oldest continuous residents of Colorado. 1541 A.D. Coronado, famed Spanish explorer, may have crossed the southeastern corner of present Colorado on his return march to Mexico after vain hunt for the golden Seven Cities of Cibola. 1682 A.D. Explorer La Salle appropriates for France all of the area now known as Colorado east of the Rocky Mountains. 1765 A.D. Juan Maria Rivera leads Spanish expedition into San Juan and Sangre de Cristo Mountains in search of gold and silver. 1776 A.D. Friars Escalante and Dominguez seeking route from Santa Fe to California missions, traverse what is now western Colorado as far north as the White River in Rio Blanco County. 1803 A.D. Through the Louisiana Purchase, signed by President Thomas Jefferson, the United States acquires a vast area which included what is now most of eastern Colorado. While the United States lays claim to this vast territory, Native Americans have resided here for hundreds of years. 1806 A.D. Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike and small party of U.S. -
A Many-Storied Place
A Many-storied Place Historic Resource Study Arkansas Post National Memorial, Arkansas Theodore Catton Principal Investigator Midwest Region National Park Service Omaha, Nebraska 2017 A Many-Storied Place Historic Resource Study Arkansas Post National Memorial, Arkansas Theodore Catton Principal Investigator 2017 Recommended: {){ Superintendent, Arkansas Post AihV'j Concurred: Associate Regional Director, Cultural Resources, Midwest Region Date Approved: Date Remove not the ancient landmark which thy fathers have set. Proverbs 22:28 Words spoken by Regional Director Elbert Cox Arkansas Post National Memorial dedication June 23, 1964 Table of Contents List of Figures vii Introduction 1 1 – Geography and the River 4 2 – The Site in Antiquity and Quapaw Ethnogenesis 38 3 – A French and Spanish Outpost in Colonial America 72 4 – Osotouy and the Changing Native World 115 5 – Arkansas Post from the Louisiana Purchase to the Trail of Tears 141 6 – The River Port from Arkansas Statehood to the Civil War 179 7 – The Village and Environs from Reconstruction to Recent Times 209 Conclusion 237 Appendices 241 1 – Cultural Resource Base Map: Eight exhibits from the Memorial Unit CLR (a) Pre-1673 / Pre-Contact Period Contributing Features (b) 1673-1803 / Colonial and Revolutionary Period Contributing Features (c) 1804-1855 / Settlement and Early Statehood Period Contributing Features (d) 1856-1865 / Civil War Period Contributing Features (e) 1866-1928 / Late 19th and Early 20th Century Period Contributing Features (f) 1929-1963 / Early 20th Century Period -
The Siege of Fort Beauséjour by Chris M. Hand Notes
1 The Siege of Fort Beauséjour by Chris M. Hand Notes Early Conflict in Nova Scotia 1604-1749. By the end of the 1600’s the area was decidedly French. 1713 Treaty of Utrecht After nearly 25 years of continuous war, France ceded Acadia to Britain. French and English disagreed over what actually made up Acadia. The British claimed all of Acadia, the current province of New Brunswick and parts of the current state of Maine. The French conceded Nova Scotia proper but refused to concede what is now New Brunswick and northern Maine, as well as modern Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton. They also chose to limit British ownership along the Chignecto Isthmus and also harboured ambitions to win back the peninsula and most of the Acadian settlers who, after 1713, became subjects of the British Crown. The defacto frontier lay along the Chignecto Isthmus which separates the Bay of Fundy from the Northumberland Strait on the north. Without the Isthmus and the river system to the west, France’s greatest colony along the St. Lawrence River would be completely cut off from November to April. Chignecto was the halfway house between Quebec and Louisbourg. 1721 Paul Mascarene, British governor of Nova Scotia, suggested that a small fort could be built on the neck with a garrison of 150 men. a) one atthe ridge of land at the Acadian town of Beaubassin (now Fort Lawrence) or b) one more west on the more prominent Beauséjour ridge. This never happened because British were busy fighting Mi’kmaq who were incited and abetted by the French. -
French Louisiana in the Age of the Companies, 1712–1731
CHAPTER FIVE FRENCH LOUISIANA IN THE AGE OF THE COMPANIES, 1712–1731 Cécile Vidal1 Founded in 1699, Louisiana was unable to benefit from the action of the two French ministers who did the most in the seventeenth century to foster the creation of companies for commerce and col- onization. Driven by the concern to increase the power of the State, Richelieu and especially Colbert, who had more success than his predecessor, had developed mercantilist policies that included the creation of companies on the English and Dutch model. Established in the same spirit as guilds, these companies were associations of merchants that received a monopoly from the king over trade between the metropolis and a specific region. They made it possible to raise the large amounts of capital necessary for large-scale maritime com- merce and overseas colonization. By associating, the merchants lim- ited their individual risk, while the monopoly guaranteed them a profit; they therefore agreed to finance costly enterprises that the royal treasury did not have the means to support. Companies thus served the interests of traders as well as the monarchy.2 In the New World, companies quickly became involved in the French colonization of Acadia, Canada, and the West Indies. By the end of the seventeenth century, however—the time of the founding of Louisiana—these various colonies had almost all passed under direct royal authority.3 In 1712, the same year that Louisiana’s com- mercial monopoly was entrusted to financier Antoine Crozat, the 1 This essay was translated from the original French by Leslie Choquette, Institut français, Assumption College. -
Mokelumne Hill Design Review Guidelines
MOKELUMNE HILL DESIGN REVIEW GUIDELINES 13 August 2012 By Mokelumne Hill Design Review Committee For Calaveras County Board of Supervisors 1 Introduction The Mokelumne Hill Community Plan (Community Plan) recognizes the historic architecture and character of the community and seeks to preserve these assets. A Historic Design Review District (Historic District) and Gateway Design Review Areas (Gateway Areas) have been identified and all development (new and remodeling) requiring a permit or approval by Calaveras County within the Historic District and Gateway Areas is subject to these Design Review Guidelines (Guidelines) (see Appendix A maps). In addition, all Designated Historic Buildings as identified in Appendix B are subject to these Guidelines. Areas outside of the Historic District and Gateway Areas are also recognized as having valuable architectural and historical qualities and the application of these Guidelines will be encouraged but not required in those areas. The Guidelines, in principal, were approved as part of the Mokelumne Hill Community Plan in 1988. These completed Guidelines were approved by Resolution No. 2012- 163 on November 13, 2012 by the Calaveras County Board of Supervisors. Acknowledgements This document was initially drafted in 2005 by members of the Mokelumne Hill History Society, Julia Costello and Paula Leitzell, with the architectural descriptions and identifications contributed by Judith Marvin, Registered Architectural Historian. The authors drew heavily from the Design Review Guidelines of Truckee, Sutter Creek, and Jackson, and from other examples throughout the American West. Final revisions in 2012 responded to comments by County Staff and were accomplished by the Mokelumne Hill Design Review Committee comprised of Julia Costello, Mike Dell’Orto, Marcy Hosford, Marilyn Krause, and Terry Weatherby. -
Fort Saint Louis Des Illinois As Well: Thomas Dongan, the Royal Governor of New York
Just as the Illinois found an ally in La Salle, the Iroquois had a powerful friend Fort Saint Louis des Illinois as well: Thomas Dongan, the royal governor of New York. An Irish soldier of fortune, he had served in the French army and then with the English. The king 1682-1691 saw something in him and sent him to the colonies. Tough, aggressive, and energetic, Dongas urged the merchants of Albany to outfit trading voyages into the Great Lakes, denied French claims to the region and the Mississippi, Fort Saint Louis des Illinois, built by Rene-Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle, and encouraged Iroquois aims in the Illinois country. With his apparent exerted a profound effect on early American history. In its nine-year life, this support, the Iroquois resolved on a second invasion. western-most outpost of New France became a linch pin of a vast French- Indian alliance, turned back an Iroquois invasion, and served as a staging area They sat out probably in January of 1684 and reached Starved Rock at the for a series of counter-thrusts against them. Together with the French fort at end of February. Scooping up a supply convoy bound for Illinois along the Michilimackinac, Fort Saint Louis made good France’s claim to the Great Lakes way, they attacked the fort itself on the 28th. La Salle had returned to France and Mississippi Valley. the previous September to defend his western plan before the king, and his lieutenant Henry Tonti and a regular officer, the Chavalier Baugy, shared The 1680’s marked a crucial change in colonial history. -
French Secular Music in Saint-Domingue (1750-1795) Viewed As a Factor in America's Musical Growth. John G
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1971 French Secular Music in Saint-Domingue (1750-1795) Viewed as a Factor in America's Musical Growth. John G. Cale Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Cale, John G., "French Secular Music in Saint-Domingue (1750-1795) Viewed as a Factor in America's Musical Growth." (1971). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2112. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2112 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 72-17,750 CALE, John G., 1922- FRENCH SECULAR MUSIC IN SAINT-DOMINGUE (1750-1795) VIEWED AS A FACTOR IN AMERICA'S MUSICAL GROWTH. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College;, Ph.D., 1971 Music I University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FRENCH SECULAR MUSIC IN SAINT-DOMINGUE (1750-1795) VIEWED AS A FACTOR IN AMERICA'S MUSICAL GROWTH A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The School of Music by John G. Cale B.M., Louisiana State University, 1943 M.A., University of Michigan, 1949 December, 1971 PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. -
A Confusion of Institutions: Spanish Law and Practice in a Francophone Colony, Louisiana, 1763-Circa 1798
THE TULANE EUROPEAN AND CIVIL LAW FORUM VOLUME 31/32 2017 A Confusion of Institutions: Spanish Law and Practice in a Francophone Colony, Louisiana, 1763-circa 1798 Paul E Hoffman* I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 II. THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND LOCAL LAW AND ORDER .................... 4 III. SLAVERY ............................................................................................. 13 IV. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 20 I. INTRODUCTION French Louisiana had been a thorn in the flank of Spain’s Atlantic Empire from its founding in 1699. Failure to remove that thorn in 1699 and again in 1716, when doing so would have been comparatively easy and Spanish naval forces were positioned to do so, meant that by 1762 the wound had festered, so that the colony had become what La Salle, Iberville, Bienville, and their royal masters had envisioned: a smuggling station through which French goods reached New Spain and Cuba and their goods—dye stuffs and silver mostly—reached France and helped to pay the costs of a colony that consumed more than it produced, at least so 1 far as the French crown’s finances were concerned. * © 2017 Paul E Hoffman. Professor Emeritus of History, Louisiana State University. 1. I have borrowed the “thorn” from ROBERT S. WEDDLE, THE FRENCH THORN: RIVAL EXPLORERS IN THE SPANISH SEA, 1682-1762 (1991); ROBERT S. WEDDLE, CHANGING TIDES: TWILIGHT AND DAWN IN THE SPANISH SEA, 1763-1803 (1995) (carries the story of explorations). The most detailed history of the French colony to 1731 is the five volumes of A History of French Louisiana: MARCEL GIRAUD, 1-4 HISTOIRE DE LA LOUISIANA FRANÇAISE (1953-74); 1 A HISTORY OF FRENCH LOUISIANA: THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIV, 1698-1715 (Joseph C. -
Intimacy and Violence in New France: French and Indigenous Relations In
Claiborne A. Skinner. The Upper Country: French Enterprise in the Colonial Great Lakes. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. xiv + 202 pp. $25.00, paper, ISBN 978-0-8018-8838-0. Reviewed by Bryan Rindfleisch Published on H-Canada (November, 2011) Commissioned by Stephanie Bangarth (King's University College, UWO) Claiborne A. Skinner offers a concise synthe‐ and downturns that rendered any imperial plan‐ sis for the history of the “French Middle West,” or ning utterly useless and forced the French in New France, during the seventeenth and eigh‐ North America to rely on the everyday interac‐ teenth centuries. Largely aimed at diffusing the tions and relations forged with their Native Amer‐ “popular myths” surrounding French colonization ican neighbors as a means for stability in the ab‐ in the Great Lakes region that revolves around sence of support from the imperial metropolis.[1] the benevolent Jesuit missionary and heroic fur In fact, Skinner suggests that this intimacy be‐ trade trapper carving out a French empire in tween the French and Great Lakes Indians (the North America while enjoying harmonious rela‐ Huron, Ojibwe, Illiniwek, Ottawa, Potawatomi, tions with indigenous peoples, Skinner instead Fox, Saux, Menominee, etc.) proved to be the only posits the imperial designs of the French in Cana‐ sustainable feature of the French North American da and the Illinois country as violent and factious, empire, and that when this coalition disintegrated and a site of constant negotiation and conflict during the eighteenth century, so too did New with other Europeans, native populaces, and even France, largely as a product of intertribal Indian the varying factions of the French themselves. -
The Rise and Fall of New France / by Prof. Frederick J. Turner
AN UNFAMILIAR ESSAY BY FREDERICK J.TURNER Quite early In his professional career Professor Turner evinced an Interest in immigration problems, historically considered, as a particular aspect of his central interest — the study of the territorial advance of the American popula tion. In the course of a review of Roosevelt's Winning of the West, In 1889 Turner wrote: To this valley, also, have come migrations from the Old World such as can be compared only with the great Wandering of the Peoples — the Volkerwanderung — of the Middle Ages. A new composite na tionality is being produced, a distinct American people, speaking the English tongue, but not English.^ Once his period of apprenticeship was completed—It ter minated when Johns Hopkins conferred the doctorate In 1890 — Turner seized the opportunity of planning research projects In this inviting field. As his seminar topic for the college year 1890—91, he selected the study of immigration into Wisconsin.^ Turner's approach to the subject was broad and philosophical. Wisconsin had been rocked by controversies between natives and foreign-born, the latter strongly resenting the enactment of the Bennett Law, which prescribed that all schools in the state should give a portion, of their Instruction In the English language. To the schol ar's mind it was clear that immigration, historically treated, opened the gate to a better understanding between native and foreigner. Toward the close of 1891 Turner published an essay on the "Philosophy of History," in the course of which he took occasion to remark: "^The Dial (Chicago), 10:71 (August, 1889). -
Foundation Document Overview Natchez National Historical Park Mississippi
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document Overview Natchez National Historical Park Mississippi Contact Information For more information about the Natchez National Historical Park Foundation Document, contact: [email protected] or 601-442-7047 or write to: Superintendent, 640 South Canal Street, Box E, Natchez, MS 39120 Purpose Significance Significance statements express why Natchez National Historical Park resources and values are important enough to merit national park unit designation. Statements of significance describe why an area is important within a global, national, regional, and systemwide context. These statements are linked to the purpose of the park unit, and are supported by data, research, and consensus. Significance statements describe the distinctive nature of the park and inform management decisions, focusing efforts on preserving and protecting the most important resources and values of the park unit. 1. Woven into the historic fabric of Natchez, Mississippi, Natchez National Historical Park provides an opportunity to explore the world of the antebellum cotton economy on the Lower Mississippi River, a culture derived from a slave-based plantation system that generated a concentration of wealth and power unparalleled among other American cities at that time. 2. Natchez National Historical Park provides a connection to The purpose of the world of the enslaved people of African descent who NATCHEZ NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK were sold by the thousands at the Forks of the Road slave is to preserve and interpret the complex market, fought for their freedom in the Civil War, and assumed prominent positions as political leaders during history and material culture of all Reconstruction, including the first African American to sit the peoples of Natchez, Mississippi, in either house of the U. -
Narrative and Representation in French Colonial Literature of Indochina
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1994 Narrative and Representation in French Colonial Literature of Indochina. Jean Marie turcotte Walls Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Walls, Jean Marie turcotte, "Narrative and Representation in French Colonial Literature of Indochina." (1994). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5703. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5703 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the qualify of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.