1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 743
cially where so much can be done for so small a service. To a greater He also presented a letter of the Surgeon-General of the Urrlted or lesser degree the press is the medium through which information States Navy, suggesting larger appropriations in support of the Medi and knowledge pass to the people. cal Depnrtment of the Navy; which was referred to the Committee Say what we wlll, and denounce newspapers as we may and some- on Naval Affairs. . times do, yet we all go to t.hem for information. The people of all l\Ir. CAMERON presented the petition of J . B. Pierce and other clas es and conditions and stations in life consult them habitually, citizens of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania; the petition of the Pres and cannot do without them, and their teachings are a part of the bytery of Allegheny, Pennsylvania, M. H . Gill, moderator; the peti family education. tion of the congregation of the Providence Presbyterian church, Some matters that are mischievous find their way into the press, Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, Rev. William 1\I. Robinson, pastor; the yet much that is good, instructive, and elevating therein abounds; petition of the North Presbyterian church, of Allegheny City, Penn hence the circulation, and especially the local or domestic press, sylvania, representing over 200 communicants, Rev. A. A. Hodge, pa.s should have every avenue opened for its easy, cheap, and convenient tor; the petition of the Sandusky Street Baptist church, repre enting distribution among the people. over 400 communicants, Rev. n. F. Woodburn, pastor; and the peti I will not now further consume the time of the House by stating tion of the First United Presbyterian congregation, representing a other reasons that occur to me why this bill ought to pass. I tTust membership of 450 persons, praying for the appointment of a commis that the justice of its provisions will alone be sufficient to secure it sion of inqniry concerning the alcoholic liquor traffic, its relations to sufficient supporl. Let us impartially weigh out the national privi pauperism, crime, a.nd general welfare; which were referred to the leges with an even balance to all the people. Committee on Finance. Mr. BUJ\TDY. At this late hour I do not ..know whether it is proper Mr. BOREl\lAN presented the memorial of Charles S. Bell, late of for me to go on now. I have no written speech, and no preparation Gales-burgh, illinois, asking compensa.tion for valuable and extmordi for a speech, and I would willingly yield for a motion to adjourn, if nary services rendered by him to the Unitecl State~:~ during the late I could be sme of obtaining the floor next Saturday. • war for the suppression of the rebellion; which was referred to tho Mr. DAWES. If the gentleman will yield I will move that the Committee on l\lilitary Affairs. · House adjourn. He also presented the petition of D. T. Wright and others, praying Mr. KELLEY. If we adjourn with the gentleman from Ohio on the the establishment of a post-route in the counties of Tyler, Wetzel, and floor, he will be entitled to the floor the next time we meet for the Marion, West Virginia; which was referred to the Committee on Post purpose of debate. Offices and Post-Roads. 1\lr. BUNDY. I will yield, then, as it is now ten minutes past four He also presented a petition of citizens of itfarshall County, West o'clock. Virginia, praying that a pension may be allowed to William C. Parker, 1\fr. DAWES. I move that the House do now adjourn. of that place; which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. The motion was agreed to; and (at four o'clock and ten minutes Mr. THURUAN. I present the petition of certain Winnebago In p. m.) the House adjourned. diaps of the State of Wisconsin and other persons, setting forth what they allege to have been violations of thelawandgreat injuryto these Winnebagoes. The petition goes back a long way in the history of the Winnebagoes in Wisconsin. I will not trouble the Senate by asking it to listen to the early grievances recited in this paper, but I IN SENATE. ask leave to read a passage which will show what are their immediate grievances : :t\!ONDAY, J anuary 19, 1874. And your p etitioners further represent that certain parties whose names are un known -to your petitioners have, by falsely representing that the Winnebagoes of Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. BYRoN· SUNDERLA.l\TD, D. D. Wisconsin were vagabonds, and that the people of Wisconsin were dissatisfied The Journal of the proceedings of Friday last was read and approved. with their presence m Wisconsin, obtained appropriations from Congress for their removal, and bv falsely r epresenting th&t the Winneba.goes would be murdered by Hon. JOHN P. JONEs, of Nevada, appeared in his seat to-day. the people of Wiscon in unless they were removed from the State the Government PETITIONS A.i..'ID 1\oiEMORIALS. has been induced to issue orders to r emove said Winneba~oes by force, if force should be found n ecessary; and a large portion Qf said Wmnebagoes have been Ir. BROWNLOW presented the petition of J . A. Anderson and kidnapped and forcibly r emoveu out of the State; and yourletitioners of Indian blood and some of their white friends lh·we been threatene , and a.re still threat. others, of Bristol, Tennessee, praying for the appointment of a com ened wit.b like treatment; and your yetitioners aver that such removal is contrary mission of inquiry concerning the alcoholic liquor traffic, its relations to the bill of rights and to the Constitution and laws of the United States and the to pauperism, crime, the public health, and general welfare; which State of Wisconsin, and contrary to the wishes of a great-er portion of the people of was referred to the Committee on Finance. Wi.~consin. And your petitioners, in behalf of the whole Winnebago people, rep resent on information and belief that the.moneys so appropriated have been squan 1\Ir. INGAL.LS. I received by mail this morning the petition of dered in employing worthless persons to threaten and persecute the ·winnebagoes~ John Grable and other citizens of Doniphan County, Kansas, repre and tha,t the moneys due to the said Winnebagoes under the treaties are not, ann senting that the greatest evil which afflicts the prosperity of the have not for years past, been distributed as provided ther ein, or as right and justice· country at the present time is the unjustly legalized monopoly of our demand, and that the said Winnebagoes have been, and are being, unlawfnllv, wrongfully, and cruelly deprived of their lives, liberty, and property, aJl of which fictitious system of public credit in banking and currency, and pray they are r eady to verUy; and they firmly believe that the present persecution of ing for the enactment of a law to provide for a currency to be based the Winnebagoes of Wisconsin arises solely from political corruption. upon real estate secured by mortgage, four dollars base for one in cir And your petitioners further aver that they have not presented the various will wrongs complained of in detail, or cases of individual in.justice, but stand ready to culation, which need no redemption but to pay the interest and do so when opportunity shall be allowed ; and your petitioners pray that a hw refund the money. I move that this petition be received and referred may be passed by which they may become citizens, that they may enjoy their lives, to the Committee on Finance. liberties, and property as other ciliizens. The motion was agreed to. Attached to this petition are divers affidavits; and if they state 1\lr. PRATT presented the petition of Thomas Day, of Ripley County what is the truth, a case is presented of flagrant violation of the law, Indiana, praying- compensation for injuries sustained in consequenc~ and flagrant wrong; and I cannot too strongly ask the attention of of the . ~e. of ~ nursery grounds by the United States military the Committee on Indian Aff;:tirs- to whom I propose tha.t this peti a_uthonti~sm 1863 and 1864 for bar!'acks and hospitals, and the destruc tion shall be referred- to this petition, and the proof that a-ccompa tion of hlB trees and plants; which was referred to the Committee on Claims. nies it. I beg leave to read briefly from one of these affidavits. . The a:ffiants swear : Mr. BOG:Ypresented the ,petition of Thoma.s B. Wallace, praying com_p~nsation for property_ destroyed by the Army under orders from That O:Q. the 20th day of D ecember, 1873, at the town of Caledonia, m the county of Columbia and St[1te of \Visconsin, eighty-five of their r elatives and friends wero a military commander durmg the late war; which was referred to the sun-Otmdefl with men armed with bayonets and taken prisoners; that Big Hawkt Committee on Claims. one of 'their leading men, was hantlcutfetl, and they were forcibly driven off, ann l\f1:. 1\1ERRI1\10N _presented the petition of J . N. Bryson and others, were not allowed to take their bagga-ge ; aJld that a large portion of the ba.zrra the ~rders of the guards that he was not allowed to go from one car 1:<> another to tion of a bridge across the Detroit River at the city of Detroit; which see if by chance his family were sharin.,. lJ!.s .forced expulsiOJ?- from h1S home, and was read twice by its title, referreli to the Committee on Commerce when the train left Saint Paul he was stni m1gnorance of therr fate. ancl ordered to be printed. ' I have only to say in presenting this petition that th~ law passed Mr. INGALLS asked, and by unanimous consent obtained leave to by Congre , to w_hich I was very muc~ oppo. ed, authonzed no exer introduce a bill (S. No. 338) to incorporate the Colorado C~a.l Irri- · tion of force to dn.ve these men from W1sconsm; but, on the contrary, gation and Land Company, and for other purposes; which was read · the Senator from Wisconsin who sits on my right, [:Mr. HoWE,] and twice by its title. who advocated the amendment, declared in that debate, if I recollect Mr. INGALLS. This bill is in pursuance of a.recommendationcon ariuht that it was not the intention to employ force at all, but that tained in the last message of the President. I move its reference to th~ m'oney was only to be expended in the removal of such of the~e the Committee on Public Lands. · Indians as were willing to go. I sai~ then, and on the facts stated m The motion was agreed to. this petition .tnd verified I affirm agarn to:d~y, that the e ~en, under Mr. R.Al\fSEY asked, and by unanimous consent obtained leave to the fourteenth article of amendments, are mtl.zens of the Urnted States, introduce a bill (S. No. 339) to authorize the Saint Paul a~d Sioux and that there IS no right to remove them by force from Wisconsin. City Railroad Company to construct a branch line from Sibley, in the These facts are verified. It was declared in that debate that there State of Iowa, to Yankton, in the Territory of Dakota; which was was no intention to use force, whether they were citizens or whether read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Public Lands. they were not; but force h_as been used_; they J:Ia~~ b~en kidnapped He also asked, and by unanimous consent obtained leave to in and carried away from therr homes agamst therr will, if these affida tr~duce a ~ill (S. ~o. 340) granting a pension to George' Baxter, only vits and this petition, which are sworn to, be true. I move t~e refer be_rr and mmor child of Robert Baxter, late urgeon Tenth Recriment ence of the petition and accompanying papers to the Colllillttee on Minnesota Volunteers; which was read twice by its title, and r~ferred Indian Affairs. to th~ Committee on Pensions. The motion was agreed to. CLADIS OF MISSOURI. PAPERS WITHDRAWN AND REFERRED. ~· BOGY. ~ ~.sk leave to introduce a. bill without previous notice. On motion of 1\fr. SCHURZ, it was W1th ~be perrrn~s10~ of the_ Sena~e I beg_ to say a few words to explain Ordered That the petition and papers of Karl Mook in relation to the payment the obJect of this bill. It 1s a bill to rermburse the State of Mil:!souri of arrear~ of pension to the heir of August Kessler be taken from the files and referred to the Committee on Pensions. a balance yet due that State for expenditures of public monev in equipping troops durin~ the late war. ~ On motion of Jltlr. SPENCER, it was The State of 1\lissoun, from its geographical position, became and Ordered That the petition and papers of Claude H. Masten be taken from the was during the late war a battle-ground to a greater or le s extent filos and referred to the Committee on Clainls. and the internal conflicts compelled her to sufter greater lo ses and BILLS INTRODUCED. endure greater expenses than any other State that remained loyal to the Union. :Ur. HAMLIN a.sked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to W)ille she was thus torn, distra{}ted,.and pillaged by contending introduce a bill (S. No. 327) for the relief of George W. La'_Vl'ence; armies, she fulfilled aJl her duties to the Union; the military re ources which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Colllillttee on pf the State were taxed to the utmost extent, and at times and in some Claims. sections every male capable of doing service was compelled to bear He also asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to intro ru·ms. Every one will recall how the loyal people rallied around the duce a bill (S. No. 328) for the relief of the Portland Company, of national standard, even before the President made his first call for Portland, Maine; which was read twice by its title, and referred to troops. Their patriotism did not swerve in the darkest days, and na the Committee on Claims. call afte~ call was made by the General Government, her response was He also aaked, and by.unanimous consent obtained, leave to intro no less.promp~ and willing. Under tho e calls Mis ourifurnished, up duce a bill (S. No. 329) for the relief of Larrabee & Allen; which to April 30, 18o5, no less than 110,000 troops. The expense of raising was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. these troops was borne by the General Government and by the State. Mr. IDTCHCOCK asked, ~nd by unanimous consent obtained, lea-ve . Beside.s this number oftr~opsthe State raised, d~ingthewar,eighty to introduce a bill (S. No. 332) O'ranting to the American Fork Rail rnne regrment , four battalions, and three compames of enrolled mili way Company a right of way fuough the public lands for t.he con tia, and fifty-six companies of provisional militia, aJl of which did an struction of a railroad and. telegraph; which wa read twice hy its a{}tive ervice-some of them for a year at a time-extending from title, and referred to the Committee on Railroads. 1861 till after the close of actual hostilities. These troops were called He also asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to intro into service at the request and suggestions and by the orders of the duce a bill (S. No. 333) for the relief of Alexander Campbell; which General Government, and by the orders of the generals commanding was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pen the department. They did excellent service in the field. Many wert) sions. killed, wounded, and died of disea e. These troops took the piace of Mr. GORDON. I ask leave, without previous notice, to introduce a the same number of regulai'S or volunteers that would have been kept bill to relieve from political disabilities William L. Cabell, of Texas; within the State but for the pre ence of the e militia forces. · The and if there is no objection, I should be glad to have it considered services of these troops have ince been recognized to the extent that immediately, as Mr. Cabell de ires to run fm mayor in his town. I Congress has put them on the arne footing as other soldiers as to pen have just received a letter from him, and he wishes to know whether sions by the act of March 3, 1873, "An act relating to pensions," &c. his disabilities will be removed before he accepts the nomination. I These troops were raised entirely at the expense of the State, who will state that I think there is no objection whatever to the removal clothed, armed, equipped, subsisted, paid, and mounted them. All of his disabilities; and I ask for unanimous consent that there be these expense , which in other States-excepting Kentucky, and there imme ury, and, consequently, legislation of Congress would be nee ary. the contrary, this bill, if adopted, would· not only result in the con The a.mount remaining unexpended is about $170,000. Had these struction of • railroad and telegraph line between the head of ship claims been paid by the State at the time of the pas age of the act navigation at Portland, Oregon, the waters of the Columbia, and the of 1866 they would have been included at that time; but like all great transcontinental line of the Union and Central Pacific roads, other States, many and large bills were not presented or paid till after thus speedily removing the only remaining obstruction in that in the close of the war. As it is with the General Government, which is ternal highwa along which the immense commerce of China, and now paying millions annually for war expenses incurred years a.-ro, Japan, and the islands of the Pacific will eventually move, but will so it is with Missouri, who now asks reimbursement for the rema~der result in an absolute saving to the Government each year, by reason of the expense she incurred for the direct benefit of the General of the free carriage, proposed by the bill, of the United States mails and Government, the greater portion having been reimbursed under the all Government property and supplie , to say nothing of the vast area act of 1866. of country to be opened up to settlement, stretching, as it does, nearly Kentucky made a similar claim upon the TreMury for the services half across our continent, and the ~eneral development of the indus and expenses of troops of precisely a like character, and Congress, by tries of our common country. These are questions susceptible of the act of June 8, 1872, provided for the reimbursement of Kentucky aoliual demonstration. for this same class of expense; and in order to be placed upon the I have in these remarks referred to the saving to the Government same footing as the State of Kentucky, the bill presented is drawn by the pa.ssage of this bill in its actual annual expenditures for the upon the same principle and wording as that bill. public service, Without any reference to other matters. · The object is to extend the meaning and provisions of the act already The Portland, Dalles and Salt Lake Railroad Company wa-s organ once pas ed for the benefit of :Missouri, to include those expenses of ized nearly four years ago under the general incorporation laws of the like nature and incurred for the same service but unpaid at that time, State of Oregon, for the purpose of constructing a railroad and telegraph and to now provide for their payment. line from Portland, Oregon, to the line of the Union and Central Pacific · By unanimous consent leave wa-s granted to introduce a bill (S. Railroads, at or near Salt Lake, in Utah Territory, with a short branch No. 330) to reimburse the State of Missouri for moneys expended for from a suitable point west of the Blue Mountains to Walla 'Valla. It the United States in enrolling, subsisting, clothing, supplying, arm wail organized originally, not by speculators or railroad adventurers, ing, equipping, and paying militia forces to aid in suppressing the but by and in the intere~t of the people along its line; and I am glad rebellion; which was read twice by its title, referred to the Committee to be able to state that this management ha-s continued until the pres on Military Affairs, and ordered to be printed. · ent time. It has received words of encouragement and positive and emphatic sanction from political conventions of both political parties, PORTLAND, DALLES AND SALT LAKE RAILROAD. from State and territorial Legislatures, individual advocates, and a. Mr. :MITCHELL asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave united press, all along the line, from its inception to the pre ent time. to introduce a bill (S. No. 331) providinO' for the construction of the In addition to all this, April 12, 1872, the Con~ress of the United Portland, Dalles and Salt Lake Raih·oa~ and Telegraph, and for the States gave recognition to this enterprise by passrng an act granting pelformance of all Government service free of charge; which wa.s to this company a right of way through the public domain for the con read twice by its title. struction of a railroad from Great Salt Lake to Portland, Oregon. Mr. MITCHELL. :Mr. President, I do not intend at this time to Again, March 3, 1873, Congress passed a second act, grantin~ to the com detain the Senate with any extended remarks in reference to the meas pany the right to take from the public lands of the Unitea States tim ure just submitted ; and knowing a I do the imperative demands now ber, stone, and other materials necessary for the construction of its road. being made upon the time and attention of Congress by the financial In October,·1872, the Legislature of the State of Oregon passed an and other great national questions of the hour, I beg pardon for act granting the proceeds of the sales of the State swamp lands, less trespassing upon that time and attention even for a few minutes; but some appropriations previously made, together with the 5 per cent. as the title of the bill reported by me might lead to a misconception fund arising from the sales of public lands, in aid of the construction of of the real nature and character of the measure proposed, I deem it this road, and also memorialized Congress at the same session for con but just and proper, before moving its reference to the appropriate gressional aid to the enterprise. In pursuance, then, of the general committee, to submit a few words in explanation of its objects and sentiment of the people, of the expression of State and territorial probable effect . Legislatures, of conventions of both political parties, and of the desire I am not a silent listener, Mr. President, nor am I one of those who of the company, all acting, as I believe, in accord and in what I con would turn a deaf ear to that unmistakable and imperative voice of ceive also to be the true interest of the Government with reference the people of the whole country which to-day demands economy and to the important questions of economy and retrenchment in the public retrenchment in the public servicej nor to that equally impressive service, and in what I know to be the true interest of an isolat-ed and voice that demands of the national congress such legislation as may pioneer people, scattered as they are along the rivers, all over the operate to provide suitable transportation to tho e who are without valleys, and on the mountain sides of as rich a country as ever met the it, and to cheapen it where extortion now p1·evails, and thus neu eyes of man, and who are to-day suffering not merely for the want of u·alize to some extent the unwarrantable exercise of questionable cheap transportation, as is the ca e with many of the people of the powers by corporations over the rights of the people; and it is in Western States east of theMissouriRiver, but from theabsoluteabsence obedience to these two great demands of the country, and in the real of all means of transportation, I submit this bill to the impartial and interests of the Government and the people, that I submit the measure candid consideration of the Senate. now under consideration; and although this bill is substantially t.he It provides, in brief, that the Portland, Dalles and Salt Lake Rail creation of the Portland, Dalles and Salt Lake Railroad Company, road, as I have already designated it, shall be a military and post and as it now stands receives, as I am informed, the approval of the road, and that said road, or the company controlling or operating it, president of the company, Colonel W. W. Chapman, whose untiring shall, for all time, transport over the same the United States mail, efforts in advocating the interests of this enterprise deserve com all Army and Indian supplies, and perform all other Government mendation, it affords me plea.suTe to be able to state, that the measure service usual for r-ailroads to perform, including the transmission of is one in the true interest of commerce, public economy, and retrench all Government dispatches upon such telegraph line, free of any ment, and has received, as I believe, the almost universal indorsement charge, compensation, or reward. It further provides that said road of the people, without regard to politics, of the State of Oregon, and shall be of the narrow gauge; that the work shall be commenced of Idaho and Washington Territories, and the whole North Pacific on t he division between the Columbia River and the eastern terminus, coast, that are to be affected by its adoption. Therefore, so far from a distance of about five hundred miles, within six months from the this being a case where a railroad company is knocking at the doors approval of the act, and completed for that distance within three of Congress and demanding national aid, while the people who are years; that the division between Portland and the intersection of the to be affected by the measure are indignant and remonstrating ea-stern division with the Columbia River shall be commenced within against it as one calculated to confer special powers and privileges six months from the passage of the act ; that the portions around the upon a corporation that would operate as a means of aggrandizement Cascades and the Dalles of the Columbia shall be fust completed, and to the few and an instrtunent of oppression to the many, the very that the western division of about two hundred miles, between Port reverse is the fact;. and from Portland, Oregon, to the great bas-in of land and the intersection on the Columbia River, shall be completed Salt Lake, on the .Line of the Central Pacific, aJl along the proposed in two years from the passage of the act. route, the people en masse are holding meetings, and demanding, in The bill has a provision that strikes at the alJmies so prevalent the name not only of their immediate commemial interests, but also among railroad companies of the present day, and which has as much in behalf of economy, retrenchment, and cheap transportation, the as any other onecauseaidedinproducingthepresent opposition to these adoption of this measure. corporations; and that is an unjust and oppressive discrimination in The question presented is not the old one, so much and so right freight and passenger charges, both as to persons and sections. It pro fully, perhaps, criticised, and objected to, and denounced by the whole vides that the company shall not use any means that shall discrimi country, namely, that of indiscriminate and gratuitous aid upon the nate in freight and passenger charges in favor of or against any person part of the General Government in .the construction of lines of rail or corporation shipping or passing over said road, nor for or against ways in which the company ~ts everything and the Government any particular town or place on the line of such road; and that all nothing-not by any means. · The proposition bears no kin or simi charges for freight or pas age over the same between reguln.r stations larity, either in form or substance, to any of the measures hereto shall be pro 1·ata with the usual charges for like service over the whole fore adopted by companies in aid of the construction of railroads by line. This is a protection to the people, ancl is, I insist, a proposition the grant of public lands, guarantee of interest, bonds, &c., and which that Conlp'ess may constitutionally ancl rightfully submit to any com have a a rulo invoked the opposition to a very great extent of the pany, ana which, if accepted by such company, will have the binding people and of the two great political parties of the nation; but, on force of law that cannot be successfully questioned either by rival 746 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. JANUARY 19~ companies or individuals, as it does not, in my judgment, touch the North Pa-oific coast, to Oregon, Idaho, Washington Territory, Montana, mooted question as to the right or power or policy of the General and Alaska Y Contemplate but for a moment the vast extent of coun· Government to regulate or control freight and passenger charges on try lying northwest of the line of the Central Pacific Railroad, and railroads. That is another and quite a different proposition, in refer which would be supplied through this arm of the great national trunk ence to which, at present, I do not propose to intimate any opinion, line of transcontinental communication- an area greater in extent much less discuss it. When that question comes up it will be time than all of New England, with the States of New York, Pennsylvania, enough to meet it. Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois added thereto. We have in the three The bill further provides that the company may issue its bonds to political divisions of the State of Oregon and of \Va hington and the extent of $10,000 per mile and no more, and in denominations of Idaho Territories an area of two hundred and fifty-one thousand five $1,000 each, running twenty years, payable in United States gold hundred and sixty square miles, with all of Western Montana and pa.rt coin, to aid in the construction of its road and telegraph line, such of Utah to the northwest, while Alaska, with five hundred and seventy bonds to bear interest at 5 per cent. per annum, payable semi-annu thousand square miles more, lies still beyond to the northward. ally, in like gold coin; and to secure the payment of such bonds to This vast region-! refer now to Oregon and Idaho and \Vashing· mort~a~e its road, rolling-stock, property, and rights of property of ton Territories-is dotted from one extreme to the other with Indian all kinas and descriptions; that interest coupons shall be attached, reservations and agencies and military posts; not so many military signed by the treasurer of the company, and whenever and as often posts, however, as the necessities of our people demand. If we ha-d as such company shall complete twenty or more ~onsecutive miles, or, a few more of these, with increa ed garrisons and a better supply of in the discretion of the Secr.etary of the Interior, a less number, and arms, I have no doubt it would be better for .the general prospm-ity the same shall have been examined and accepted at t.he expense of of our country; we would have fewer Indian outrages, and more the company, by commissioners appointed by the Government, and ample protection to settlers. But as the matter now stands, the an that fact shall be certified to the Treasurer of the United States by nual expenditures by the Government, especially by the Inilian and the Secretary of the Interior, such Treasurer, upon the presentation of Wa,r Departments, in supplying these various agencies and military such company's first-mortgage bonds to the extent of $10,000 per mile posts cll:Illlot be otherwise than immense. And in addition to all this, of such completed portions, shall counten>ign the interest coupons there is the branch of our revenue marine and engineer service on tho thereto attached and deliver the bonds and coupons a:ttached to such North Pacific coast constantly demanding shipments from the Eastern bonds, and thereupon such coupons shall be due and payable at the States in maintaining and developing our commerce. Connect the Treasury of the United States according to their tenor and efl'ect. great national highway, connecting the central artery of the nation It is further provided that the company shall annually report a con _with the waters of the grandest rive1· on the globe, interlacing its arms, densed statement showing its net earnings, and that 25 per cent. of as it does, with those of the Missouri and Saskatchewan in the remote these shall, at the end of the year, be invested in United States interest regions of perpetual snow, thus holding communion with the two grand bearing bonds, and shall constitute a sinking fund with which to pur valleys of the continent, and you prepare a free highway for the na chase or redeem at maturity the principal of the said first-mortgage tion that will save to this Government annually, in the transmission bonds. of mails and Government shipments and in the transportation of Gov· These are the substantial :features of the measure; and it may now e1·nment troops, not merely hundreds of thousands, but, at no distant be asked, inasmuch as it proposes that the Government shall assume day, millions of dollars. And all1hese advantages are to be secured the payment of this interest to the extent indicated, where does your to the Government, a right and a privilege exclusive and perpet idea of economy or retrenchment come in Y How is the Government ual in its character, for the mere pittance of $35.0,000 annually for to be compensated for this annual expenditure¥ What are the credit a period of twenty years. When I sa,y "mere pittance" I speak, of and debit sides of your account between the Government and the com course, in a comparative sense. It is indeed a considerable sum; but pany; and what are your balances at the end of the year; and in wh::J,t when considered with reference to the fact that $316,000 are now paid manner i~ the Government affectecl in the interest of reform in refer annually for the single item of mail carriage over the route, that ence to the public expenditures; and what are the national benefits would be supplied free of all charge by the construction of this roa-d, in a commercial point of view that are to result from this enterprise t and the further fact of the vast sums that are annually disbursed To these inquiries I would attract the attention of the Senate. . for other Government services in this direction, and all of which The distance from the probable point of intersection on the line of would be obviated by this enterprise, the expenditure asked by this the Central Pacific, say Kelton, to the Columbia River, is about five bill becomes insignificant in amount; a.nd when viewed in the light hundred miles; $10,000 per mile for this distance would be $5,000,000. of the still broader intelligence that is capable of grasping the grand The interest upon this amount at 5 per cent. per year would be results of this national enterprise, and that must unque tionably be $250,000. This, then, is what is demanded of the General Government exhibited in the commercial prosperity of the whole country, it seems by this bill in aid of the construction of a railroa-d and telegraph line to me there should be no hesitation in giving support to this measure. that will connect the waters of the Columbia with the great central We of the North Pacific coast have watched and waited with a artery of the nation that to-day spans the continent, and for which modesty that defies criticism and a patience that challenges the pro it secm·es to the Government for all time the free transmission, not duction of a parallel for some successful effort upon the part. of the only of the United States mails-by which. the whole North Pacific General Government tha.t will wrest us from our isolation and place coast is to be supplied with postal facilities-but also of all Govern our people on some kind of an equality, in a commercial point of view, ment supplies, military, Indian, or otherwise, to say nothing of the with other sections of the country, by means of railroad communica annihilation of time by the substitution of railroad speed for that tion. The cry is coming up to t.he ears of the Republic to-day from of the stage-coaches. the great valleys of the J'l.lississippi, and from the States of the South, Now what is the Government doing to-day in reference to this "Give us cheap transportation," and, although these States are check service Y A mail-route existsoveT this same route, or almost identical ered with railroads, I doubt not the justice of their demands; but with it, from Kelton on the line of the Central Pacific Railroad to the appeal that comes from an isolated, pioneer, and waiting people the Dalles on the Columbia River. The mail over this route is of the North Pacific coast is of a somewhat different character. It carried by contract with the Government on four-horse stage-coaches; is, "Give us one railroad, one means of communication with the and for this service alone the Post-Office Department is to-day pay balance of mankind, one connecting link that may bind us com ing the enormous sum annually of $224,0uO, a sum in itself almost mercially and socially with the busy millions who dwell in the older equal to the whole amount of interest required for the construction and more finished portions of our common country that lie east of of the proposed railroad and telegraph line over this distance. From the Rocky Mountains." The hardy sons of toil who to-day are scat the Dalles to Portland, Oregon, the Department is paying the fur tered over the State of Oregon and Idaho and Washington Territ.ories ther sum annually of $18,000 for mail service alone, making an annual say, through their representa.tives in Congress, "We have braved and expenditme for the transmission of the United State mails from Kel suffered all the trials, the hardships, and the dangers of frontier life, ton to Portland, Oregon, of $2-12,000. But this is not all. Another and have, upon these dista.nt shores, laid the foundations of an em mail-route exists to-day from Winnemucca, State of Nevada, to Boise pire of civilization, of commercial greatness, and political influence City, Idaho Territory, on which there is daily mail service, for which and power, and now we appeal to a just and. dism:iminating Govern the Government is paying the annual sum of$72,000. Other mail-routes ment to aid us, by its willing hea,rt and strong hand, to join together exist, all of them to-day absolutely necessary to supply the wants of in the manner indicated by this bill the two empires of power and the people, but the service on which, to a very great extent, would the two commercial extremes of the Eaflt and the West." In other be supplied by a construction of this road. words, more direct and plain, and free from all unnecessary verbiage, Again, the time occupied in carrying a letter n·om Kelton, on the we want, and must have, railroad communication with the Eastern line of the Central Pa-oific, to Portland, Oregon, is about eight days, States. while with a railroad this time would be reduced to about thirty homs. There was a time when our people looked forward with much hope If then, Mr. President, I were to stop here I have said enough, it seems to the completion of the North Pacific road, but unfortunately it to me, to remove every possible objection to this bill, so far as any has encountered embarrassments. Just how far these may impedo question is _concerned as to the mere policy of the Government aiding its progress I am not advised. It is to be hoped, however, that all the enterpnse to the ~xtent required, considered in au economical point tl;tese clifficulties may be overcome, and the road be built. All our of view. But this is not all, only a mere tithe of the benefits that people would rejoice at such a consummation; but I know t.he enter mnst necessarily result to the Government from the construction of prise is a gigantic one, and must necessarily involve a vast expendi· this road upon the terms and conditions proposed in this bill. What ture of money. Over fourteen hundred miles of broad-gauge road must does the Government, the Indian Department and the War Depart yet be constructed t.o reach the waters of the Columbia. The whole ment, disburse annually, I wonld inCJ.ui.re, in the transportation of its cost will not fall far hort, probably, of half a hundred millions of troops, freight, and supplies which are conveyed every year to the dollars; and while I hope for success, I confess to a fear as to the 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 747 result. Our people desire its completion ; t h e interests of corrimerce, its Clerk, announced that the House had pas ed the followmg bills ; of trade, and every consideration of nationa! importance join in expres in which the concurrence of the Senate was requested: sion as to its necessity as a great national highway. Whether a work .A. bill (H. R. No. 259) for the relief of J::tmes W. Glover, postmaster so vast can in these critical financial times be successfully prosecuted at Oxford, in the State of New York; is of course a problem for its ma,nagers to solve. • .A. bill (H. R. No. 35~) for the relief of Colonel E. McCarty; . But the construction of the North Pacific would be no argument .A. bill (H. R. No. 517) for the relief of Sarah F. Lincoln, postmaster against the road proposed by this bill, as it, with the exception of a at Spencerport, Monroe County, New York; portion of the distance down the Columbia River, traverses an entirely A bill (H. R. No. 546) for the relief of William B. Morgan; different country and affects entirely different interests. The Cascades .A. bill (H. R. No. 676) for the relief of Joseph R. Blackwell, post and the Dalles of the Columbia River, the one four, the other fourteen master at Litchfield, Illinois; miles in length, are ob tructions to our commerce that-virtually sep .A. bill (H. R. No. 1041) for the relief of Robert N. 'McMil.lan, late amte the waters and the ship-channel of the lower Columbia from the collector of custoiil!' and sRperintendent of lights for the district of great grain-fields of Eastern Orei!_?n and Washington Territory. The Teche, in the State of Louisiana; valleys of Walla Walla, Grand Konde, Umatilla, Burnt River, and .A. bill (H. R. No. 1225) granting a pension to William E. Prince, of Powder River, constituting an area larger than the whole State of Iowa; P ennsylvania, and the finest wheat countries in the world, are wholly .A. bill (H. R. No. 1226) granting a pension to Francis Bernard; without any means of transportation for their i.rnJnense surplus pro .A. bill (H. R. No. 1227) granting ::t pension to Eliza .A.. Maxham; ducts. When wheat is selling at Portland, Oregon, at$1.25 per bushel, .A. bill (H. R. No. 1213) for the relief of Willard Howe, of Massa- it will bring but thirty and forty cents in Eastern Oregon and Wash chusetts; ington Territory. To ship wheat from Walla Walla to Portland, a .A. bill (H. R. No. 1222) for the relief of George W. Keyes; distance of a little over two hundred miles, it must be handled thirteen .A. bill (H. R. No. 1223) for the relief of L. S. Campbell; times in getting it from warehouse to boat, from boat to car, and car .A. bill (H. R. No. 1224) for the relief of William J. Denniston, late to boat, and so on. . The producer in this fertile valley pays ten dol an acting lieutenant Seventieth New York Volunteers; lars per ton, thirty cents per bushel, to get this wheat from his barn .A. bill (H. R. No. 1221) to confirm certain land titles in the State of to the river, a distance of thirty miles. .A.t Wallula, on the Colum ltissouri · bia River, he pays :five cents per bushel warehouse charges, and from A bill (H. R. No. 1228) O'ranting a pension to Mary Storrs; there to Portland, on the regular boats of the Columbia River, he pays .A. bill (H. R. No. 1229) grantiug a pension to Elizabeth R. Mc eighteen cents more per bushel, the boats making two regular trips Cracken, widow of Robert McCracken, acting assistant surgeon United only per week; on special boats twenty-four cents per bushel. States Army; and I simply refer to this to show the utter helple sness of the people .A. bill (H. R. No.1230) granting a pension to Elizabeth W . Prindle, of this large extent of country, surrounded by mountains on the guardian of the minor children of Joseph F. Doak, deceased. one hand and a desert on the other, with no possible means of escape, except down a river where natural obstructions and the monopoly of HOUSE BILLS REFERRED. transportation neces arilyresultingtherefrom, constitute a still more The following bills from the House of Representatives were sev formidable barrier than either mountain or dese1·t. erally read twice by their titles, and referred as indicated below: One great overshadowing purpose of this measure is to annihilate The bill (H. R. No. 259) for the relief -of James W . Glover, post this state of things, to overcome these natural obstructions, by the masterat Oxford, in the Sta,te of New York-to the Committee on Post construction of a railroad around them, thus at one and the same Offices :1nd Post-Roads. time striking down the force of the obstructions ancl the power of The bill (H. R. No. 352) for the relief of Colonel E. McCarty- to the the monopoly of transportation they inspire; and t)lese portages, it Committee on Claims. . is provided in the bill, shall be first completed, so that competition on The bill (H. R. No. 517) for the relief of Sarah F . Lincoln, post the great river of the West shall no longer be held in abeyance, so master at Spencerport, :Monroe County, New York-to the Committee that the key to this national thoroughfare shall no longer be held by on Post-Offices a,nd Post-Roads. the few, but be free to all. The bill (H. R. No. 546) for the r elief of William B. Morga,n- to the The enterprise suggested in this bill is not one of a merely local nature, Committee on Military Affairs. - which if con.srn:nmated would result in a benefit to ::t small ection of The bill (H. R. No. 676) for the relief of Joseph R. BL'tckwell, post country or to but a few people; it is national in its character and master at Litchfield, Illinois-to the Committee on Po t-Offices a,nd object . It is no less ::t propo ition than to unite in close connection, Post-Roads. · through the me::tns of railway communi~ation, the Pacific Northwest The bill (H. R. No.1041) for the relief of Robert N. McMillan, bte with the great inte:rru1l arteria of commerce on tho eastern side of the collector of customs a,nd superintendent of lights for the district of Rocky Mount::tins, and that, too, by the nearest possible route, about Teche, in the State of Louisiana-to the Committee on Commerce. seven hundred miles, connecting the w:1ters of the Columbia and the The bill (H. R. No. 122.1)) granting a pension to William E. Prince, Central Pacific by a line five hundred mile in length, and this, too, of Iowa-to the Committee on Pensions. over a track marked by nature in the geographic:1l and topographical The bill (H. R. No.1226) granting a pension to Francis Bernard-to formation of the country as one of the many great channels of trade the Committee on Pensions. that erve to make our country commercially rich and powerful. The bill (H. R. No. 1227) granting a pension to Eliza, .A.. Maxham There is a trade, Mr. President, that lurks along the shores of China to the Committee on Pensions. and -Japan, and of those of the Hawaiian group :1nd other islands of The bill (H. R. No. 1213) for the relief of Will:1rd Howe, of Massa the Pacific that the ships of commerce have already envied. Eng chusetts-to the Committee on Post-Offices and Po t-Roads. land has long enjoyed it, and she will not surrender it without a The bill (H. R. No. 1222) for the relief of George W. Keyes-to the struggle. That trade of right belongs to America and not to Eng Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. . land. How are we to secure it i Simply by connecting our trans The bill (H. R. No. 1223) for the relief of L. S. C:1mpbell-to the continental highway by means of railroad communication, aided by Committee on Military A:ffa,irs. the free navigation of the waters of the Columbia, with the head of The bill (H. R. No. 1224) for the relief of Willia,m J. Denniston, ship navigation on this river. It is a fact patent it seems to me to hte an acting lieutenant Seventieth New York Volunteers- to the all that the commerce of Asia, from Behrinis Straits to those of Ma Committee on ¥ilitary Affairs. lacca, comprising most of Farther Int.lia, all of China and Japan, and The bill (H. R. No. 1221) to confirm certain land titles in the State the eastern empire of the Rus ias, together with the islands of the of Missouri-to the Committee on Private Land Claims. North Pacific, must eventually and at no distant day find its natural The bill (H. R. No. 1228) granting a pension to Mary Storrs- to the ~d geographic-al center in the waters of the Columbia River. Committee on Pensions. The e harbors are on :1n almo t direct line between the coasting The bill (H. R. No. 1229) granting a pension to Elizabeth R. Mc port of China and those of ·chicago and New York, while San Fran Cracken, widow of Robert McCracken, acting assistant surgeon cisco is far out of range to the southward. From New York to Shanghai United State Army- to the Committee on Pensions. via Chicago, San Francisco, and the midway island , it is 10,423 miles; The bill (H. R. No. 1230) granting ::t pension to Elizabeth W. Prin while from New York to Shanghai, via Chicago, over the route pro dle, guardian of the minor children of Joseph F. Doak, deceased-to posed in this bill and by the Columbia River is only about 8,800 miles, the Committee on Pensions. making ::t difference in the distance of the two routes of over sixteen hundred miles. In these days-when it has come to be considered an THE CURRENCY-8PECIE PAYMENTS. axiom in commercial science that the nearer we approach to the anni The PRESIDENT p1·o telnpore. The morning hour having expired hilation of time and space in the transit of merchandise, and the more the Senate resumes the consideration of the unfinished busine s of the rapid the succe sion of sale , transfers, and supplies, the nearer we l::t.st ~ay's ses ion, w~ch is the resolution reported by the Committee come to perfection in the h1ws of trade-it occurs to me the considera on Fmance, upon which the Senator from Iowa [Mr. WRIGHT] is enti ~ion just sug~ested should be e:r;ttitled to some wei~ht! as~ argum~nt tled to the floor. m favor of tlle speedy completiOn of the enterpriSe m rud of which 1\Ir. WRIGHT. l.Ir. President, if any one, through you, shall ask me thls bill is submitted by me to the impartial consideration of the Com to give way during the short time I occupy the floor, I ::tuthorize you mittee on Railroads, to which I now move its reference. to _say that "the Senator from Iowa declines to yield." I do this not The motion was agreed t.o. because I flatter myself that I .shall say anything of sufficient interest to lead any one to desire to interrupt me, nor yet because I would ad MES. AGE FROM: TilE HOUSE. mit _now tha~ I c_auno~ give an answer to any fair inquiry, but because A message from the House of Representatives, by l.fr. McPHERSON, I wiSh at this trme, m the most humble and yet decided manner, t o 748 CONGRE-SSIONAL RECORD. JANUARY 19, enter my protest against a practice daily becoming more common in so-called theories and principles of the learned ones m political this Senate. As I read the earlier debates, interruptions were exceed economy than that they accord with some conceded rules of common ingly rare. This ought to be so now. The debates here, I may be sense, and the undisputed facts a,round us, which after all are of more allowed to say, are gradually degenerating into a mere running artil value than all the speculations of the best and most astute theorizers lery of words. This hlgh body is becoming, I submit, a grand polemic of t his or :.ill the a.ges. school, where each one seems to be anxious to h ave the last word or In the great Chi ca;~~ o conflagration, two friends standing together to ~ive the best response; and thus, as I think, the proprieties of debate observed a very smau light on the roof of the magni£cent court arret the dignities of the place are certainly but gradually de~eneratin~. house of that burning city. One says, "That can do no. harm, for the I therefore have served this notice; and if those arounct me, mucn building is fire-proof." The other sa.ys, "That may be, but look, the more able to lead, shall apply the corrective, I shall certainly be ready fire is increasing rapidly." "I don't care for that," was the respon e ; to follow. Than this, in my judgment, for reasons which time will not "it is fire-proof, and cannot burn." But it did burn to the ground. allow me to mention, few things as affecting the business of the Sen I doubt not I a.m wanting in reverence or afflicted with doubt upon ate are more important. .And now, Mr. President, having said this some matters. We all are. One of my many weaknesses is that if I much, I come to the subject before the Senate. find the fact one way and the theory, though ever so plausible aud In the years long gone a waggish attorney in one of our Western well stated, the other, I accept the fact and let the theory find other States, addressing the court, when referring to the counsel prosecut and, of course, better-informed worshipers. In this I am doubtle s ing the <'pleas and plaints'' of the Government, frequently spoke of wrong; but I cannot help it. It is not my fault. If the court-house him as the "learned district attorney;" which, creating a smile from burns, I will not insist that fire cannot destroy it. bench and bar, the speaker continueo, "Why, your honor, h e is W e have h ad what is called a financial crisis, or panic, or revulsion, learned; he is bound to be so; for the statute declares that the Presi (I care but little for names;) and, as alwa.ys heretofore, everybody has dent shall, from time to time, appoint a person learned in the law to looked about for the causes and then for the remedy. That is what the position; and he is therefore made learned by law." we are engaged in now, trying to diagnose the disease, get at the pro· The difference between myself and t he official referred to is that d ucin~ causes, and then from an intelligent stand-:_Point make the pre· he was a good lawyer, and I am not sure that I know anything upon scriptiOn. With one school of financial doctors there seems to be the subject before the Senate. .And yet the incident is applicable, agree~ent, a wonderful degree of unanimity, if I except my excel inasmuch as I am a member of the committee reporting this resolution, lent friends the Senators from Ohio and Vermont, [Me srs. SIIEB:IIAl and hence I suppose must know something about finance. This is and MoRRILL,] who here unfortunately differ; but for the most part certainly the presumption. It may be a most violent one, resting there is agreement in ascribing the patient's situation to an overdoso alone upon the legal and not the fact rule; but still it obtains, and I of currency, greenba.cks,paper money, the absence of gold, • 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 749 pitching rosin into the furnace to get along faster, and piling weights man's silken purse, and you find no parallel for the prosperity and upon the afety-valve , until finally the boilers burst; hundreds are advancement attending us since its close. And when I recur to killed or crippled, and we are compelled to stop for awhile, until we other epochs in our history-as after the war of 1812, of which Mr. get over the fright ·of the explosion. Pretty . soon .the repairs are Benton declared there was "no price for property or produce ; no made; the steam is up again; we are buoyant with confidence. 'Hope sale but tho e of the sheriff or the marshal; no purchasers a't the ex constantly smiles and waves her golden hair;' again we are 'going it' ecution sales but the creditor or some hoarder of money; no employ at a fearful pace, and in due time another crash comes. The warn ment for industry; no demand for labor; no sale for the product of ings of the pa t are lost upon us; cautious men are voted old fogies, the farm; no sound of the haJiliDer but that of the auctioneer knock and their admonitions and advice clog on the wheels of enterprise." ing down property; stop laws, property laws, replevin laws, stay In a word, "Americans must be Americans, and blow up a-s a neces laws; loan-office laws; tile intervention of the legislature between sity of their existence." the creditor and the debtor; this wa the business of legislation in Now, the e are the facts. History is only repeating itself. We do three-fourths of the Union, of all south and west of New England" the e things year after year, and experience the blowing up and coming and compare this sad but truthful picture ·with the bright one follow down proce~;s just about so often-every five, ei issued '1 We are not standing now upon a technicality-upon the mere ble. Nor, I repeat, will it do to say it is practicable, for that beo-s the letter of the contract-but looking at the facts, at the history, at those question. I determine that upon my responsibility as a Sc~ator. things which every person knew, and upQn which all, the nation and Others do the same.. And, in the name of the good faith of the nation citizens, persons at home and abroad, acted, and from these we are to in the name of its people who have accomplished so much, as earnestly ·inquire what duty and honesty demand. · · . anxious to preserve our good name, and standing, as I hope, as firmly And now does not every one know that these notes were issued to for a high public morality as any one, I protest that no one shall be meet an absolute pressing necessity in our struggle '1 They were a allowed to chru;ge_Congress o~ the nation ';.ith ~olating its pledge of necessary convenience and a convenient necessity. They were, tech honor, because It, ill the exercise of an admitted nght, determines that nically, as much and as absolutely dishonored one week a:f;ter their the practicable period for a redemption by law has not arrived. And i ssue as they have been since or are now. If due in the commercial especially do I ask that the nation and its good name shall not be com sense, then they were due presently, or at their date, and every hour promised by those who, while so earnestly implorino- our want of hiiJ'h thereafter they were dishonored. Is any one prepared to pass a moral action, would turn bill-holders over to the ~certain and n~t judgment so harsh, so severe, so at war with essential facts Is very well-defined choice between gold and another promise to pay of the nation which has accomplished so much; which under circum our own creation, and in which we incorpbrate our own terms. If stances unparalleled in the history of nationS has met its enormous now is the time to keep the pledge, let us do it as "nominated in the interest lien, and is gra-dually reducing the principal-! say, is such bond," and not in a manner of our own choosing. a nation to be adjudged guilty of bad faith and liable, if possible, to But still it is said these not-es are not as good as gold; that they proceedings in bankn1ptcy. because it fails promptly to pay gold for must be made such, and that by law. It is said of a Boston merchant these notes, one kind of legal tender for another Does any man, at who always took a business view of things, that he felicitously re ~ home or abroad, believe it was ever so. "nominatecl in the bond;" or marked of a certain poetic impracticable that he was one of those if so nominated by the letter, that this was its spirit or that it was men who have soarings after the infinite and divings after the un ever so meant or understood '1 Then, too, these notes are made a legal fathomable, but wlw never pays cash. And so our friends say "It is tender. As such they have as much paying value and are made true that these notes will pay next to all debts; they are ~ost ac equal with gold. · To make good every dollar thus inscribed every ceptable .to the people; but they will 1wt b1ing gold!" They admit particle of the property of this vast country, public and private, is the currency has stood the storm better tha,n any we ever had in a pledged~ both now and for all comir~~ time. If this country is to be sev~re panic.; but it is not ca_sh! . They COJ?.cede t_hat for ten year , and maintained, then we know that for all the purposes for which we use durrng a periOd the most tryrng rn the natio:q.'s history, it has stood the money in our internal trade these notes are as good as they can be made. severest te~t ~ar better than any paper we ha,ve ever had; but we do Then, too, admitting that they are to be redeemed in coin, I deny n~t 1·edeern tt tn gold! They_kno_w that men everywhere lay it away, that the nation bas acted in bad faith. We have not diverted a Without dr~a;d ?r fear that It will ever be worthless, and with confi dollar which should have gone to their redemption to any other pur clen~e _that It lB rncomparabl~the best paper currency ever given them; pose. We have not added to the volume one dollar in violation of but ItiB not gold, and something must be done to make it such or equal our agreement. We have husbanded our resources with fair economy; to it! Well, now, howwillyoudoiU Ianswer,ifthisissodesirable received these notes for all the purposes contemplated by the law of or if this is a sinequa1wn,(of whichlmaysaymore hereafter) you car:. their creation. Day after day they have gradually appreciated ?r ap nev.er ~o it by any_mere statutory edict. When we have that pros proximated the so-called gold standard ; and I affirm that, qmte as perity rn trade whwh all should :la.bor for; when we so work in our soon as any one, looking at the condition of our nation, the circum own borders as to restore that humbug in the estimate of the. chair stances surrounding the contra-ct, and disposed to deal justly and man of the co~tte~, [1\fr. SHERMAN,] the balance of trade, perma fairly with the question, can expect, the day these men "long have nently, or for a time, ill our favor, then the granu fact (as our friends sought" will be reached, and the "balancing-pole" which so disturbed esteem it) is accomplished, by laws natural enough, by all well un the vision of my friend from Vermont can be thrown away. ' derstood, and more effectually than all the laws we could pas on the I must not forget, however, a{; has been urged and reurged, and subject, if we made one every day for years. You cannot add to the especially by the Senator from Ohio in his most elaborate and able volume of gold except by discoveries, and to attempt to force specie speech, that we are charged with acting dishonorably and violating paymell:ts and ~ive us a gold currency you would not have, a has our plighted faith, because, in 1869, we pledged ourselves to make been said, suffiCient to I'Ull a respectable "pea-nut stand in each State provision, at the earliest practicable period, for the redemption of in the Union." these notes in coin. And just here, as to the legal obligation, lies the But why this struggle to get to specie payments 'I I am answered stress of the argument. I confess that I cannot see its force. Will b~~au.~e it is the world currency, the bas~. ~f all solidity and equa,~ any one tell me who is to judge of thi:;; 'f If I in my place determine, bility rn trade, so acknowledged by all civilized countries ; that this after the best thought and exercising the utmost c~e, that it is has peen accepted for "four thousand years" as the basis for all other not practicable, ani I acting in bad fa.ith f If the entire Congress so currencies, for in this they have all ultimately to be paid. determine, thus influenced, do they violate any plighted faith If a I admit that this has been so, and perhaps I shall be called a most m~jority, with a like desire to do right, so conclude, who can charge unreasonable radical if I dare insinuate that it should not continue that the pledge is violated '1 What are the elements which should to be the rule. And yet you will allow me to suggest that possibly enter into the inquiry '1 They are many. If Congress concludes_ that the world will get over some of its old notions on this subJect. I the people ancl all the interests of the nation will suffer more from think it is even now breaking away from not a few of them. Thenar statutory resumption, whether speedy or tardy, than from leaving the tions are being brought nearer together. They are coming to have more result to the laws of trade, who shall say that the practicable period and more con:t:idence in each other. They know more and more of the has arrived 'f If it shall be concluded, acting for the people, and ever internal affairs of ea-ch. They are no longer treated as so completely so strongly impressed with the deep significance of the pledge, that separated or foreign to each other, nor hostile in their aims and pur to issue interest-paying bonds and borrow gold to redeem these notes poses. All are regarded as working more and more in harmony for is neither politic nor what the people demand, tell me under what the upbuilding of a common humanity. And men are coming to think rule of construction any oue can say that we are improperly or un that the grand comm~rce o~ the_world ha;s outgrown the nece sity of reasonably refusing to make the required provision '1 If it should be the long-boasted speCie basts or Its necessity as the only safe basis for deemed that, if this provision is made, tn.x:ation must, to meet it, be currency. Each day makes more common, in the commerce of the increased, more interest paid, the ba,nks crippled, and general disast.er world, bills of exchange ancllike paper, by which millions of money follow, who shall gainsay that Congress would be justified in hesitat pass without a dollar in gold or other coin. And as these things con "iug before so ordering 'f These, and many other aspects of the case, tinue, as this feeling of confidence increases with increased culture might be presented, either or all of which would conclusively show and a broader and deeper civilization, old theories will pass away, how unfounded is all this clamor about "plighted faith." and the world accept and adopt a cm;rency not cumbrous, nor yet It is no answer to thee suggestions that "nine long years" have one which it -will be found can be better utilized, and which is, in elapsed since the issue of these notes and still we do not pay gold; fact, largely needed in the arts arriving to such perfection in this nor that the pledge is of "five years' standing." If the period was advancing civilization. practicable fourycars since, or more, then there wa just asmuch bad But whether this is true or not-and I do no more than throw out faith in not acting then as now, unless it is now more practicable; and these suggestions-at present the inquiry is, what are we to do in the time elapsing is of no value, except as a part of the argument. view of the condition of the country and its needs in the future' In and of itself it amounts to nothing. The real inquiry is, is it prac And having said so much, ancl criticised somewhat other theories and ticable¥ And I defy any one, upon any rule of ethics or law, look plans, I should hardly be justified if I did not at lea{lt hint at what I ing to the very letter and full spirit of this pledge, to show how there would do. Very briefly I proceed to do so, with not a little doubt, is any bad faith, if Congress, looking over the whole grou:nd, shall however, whether I shall be more fortunate in being understood than determine in good faith, having a due regard to the rights of the bill have those preceding me. holders and the best interests of the Government-for it will not clo In the first place I would not substitute " demand notes" for "ween in this inquiryor at any st::tge of this discussion, a.s many are apt to backs." With our revenues from all sources to probably prove lllBuf do, to divorce the people ancl their intere-sts from the Government ficient to meet our interest and the ordinary expenses, I am not pre that now is not tho practicable period contemplated by the enactment. pared to add twenty millions or more to our burden in the shape of I defy any one to show that in that case there is a departure from the interest; and yet this, as I nnuerstancl it, would be the result if we purest morality. It will not do to say," 0, it is practicable; we can replace the legal-tenders (to the amount of three hundred and fifty do it, and therefore we should." That begs the gnestion, or misstates to four hundred millions) with demand notes bearing 6 per cent. it. The pledge is not that we will when we can, when we have the interest. This we do .not want. This we cannot stand. There is power simply; that we could have done, by borrowing moneyorother neither policy nor necessity t<> sanction it. · wise,at the date of the pledge; lmt we are to do it as soon as pra,cticar If left to myself, and starting anew, I woulu have bu-t one paper 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 751 currency, and that issued directly by the Government. I concede engaged in manufactures-and that their wants and the demands of that our national banks owe their existence to a necessity, and I a reviving and each day more active industry in the South call upon freely admit that they have nobly sustained themselves in the recent us to give them hope and all enc01ll'agement. Then, too, there co'me fearful panic; indeed, to their admirable management and our un times of alarm when confidence is checked, and when the circulation equaled currency we owe our safety. But it is worthy of inquiry is hoarded by tho e having it in their hands; .and such is the ability whether thi necessity longer exists. I do not believe the Govern of men and corporations, by reason of large fortunes, to po e s them me:lt ought to pay interest upon a currency which it guarantees, and selves of this currency, that the power to thus hoard is largely in which owes much, if not all, of its value to the known and recognized crea-sed; and is becoming greater and greater every day. I therefore ability and duty of the Government to keep it good. Of course, in think it wiser to have a system convertible or elastic, a-s it.is termed. any event, such time should be given as might be necessary to wind To do this it would seem to be wise to provide for a bond bearing a up these banks, without loss or injury to stockholders or any one low rate of interest, say 3.65 per cent., or possibly a little more, but interested in their affairs. .Of course, al o, having this currency, not much, which can command these legal-tenders without intere t, banking without issue would be free, us it should be. But if we can while the money is withdrawn, and which may in time be withdrawn not have this one currency, then I should favor free banks, with power with interest to the owner by a repayment of the requisite amount of to i sue as now, and with all the safeguards now in the law and us money. I am in favor of the lowest interest which will certainly many more as prudence and wise forethought might suggest, going make the bonds available for the purpose contemplated; because, in as far even as to adopt the English rule, which makes the stockholder my judgment, the nation pays too much intere t, both public and pri individually responsible to the extent of all his property for the vate. When we pay interest in exce s of the growth of the country in payment of all the debts of the corpomtion. · population and wealth, it certainly .does not require any extended My preference is, however, for a homogeneous currency, ·is ned by figuring to satisfy any one that in time we must become bankrupt. If theGovernment, allalegal tender, andup~n whichitshallpaynointer that increase is represented by 2t or 3 per cent., (and this I under est. I am ready, I believe, if I can see my way to it, consistent with stand to be about the ratio,) then if we continue to pay 5 or 6 per cent. our obligation as to our coin debt, to provide that a certain per cent. it is only a question of time when the balance will be largely against of the duties on imports shall be paid in these notes. .And ·this for us, and we must go into liquidation with no very satisfactory show tho reason, to state it briefly, that the ru.nount of the currency h.'l:s ing in the way of assets. I am therefore in favor of the lowest in in and of itself but little, if any, influence on the value of coin. terest. Make the currency better, if not entirely good, by declaring, as far as No, Mr. President; I think it is about time we took a new reckoning. you can, that it shall be received for all the purposes you receive No nation is so literally impoverished as ours by the payment of ex- . gold, and you have taken a long step in the direction desired. For travagant interest. We pay it, too, not to home creditors, but annu the Government we neecl gold to pay the interest debt. From the ally the country is drained by payments of gold to foreiiYn bondhold imports we receive largely more than is necessary for this, and a dec ers; this, too, at a high rate. Money is given to us to be used; and lumtion that a certain per cent., without interfering with the needed yet no proposition is plainer than if you allow a high rate of interest quantum of gold, may be received in greenbacks, would tend cer money will be hoarded until the holder can find a place where to him tainly to keep running-keep it active; keep all at work. There is no wealth other time during our existence as a nation, it becomes our duty as without actual labor. the representatives of the people and regulators of the currency of Tlus grand central truth we must not forget. To do so is to defy our country to study thoroughly all the intricate bearings of the sub the tea.chings of a.ll history. Gold, greenbacks, all the imaginable ject, and seek to give permanency to our standard of value and me currency however good or redeemable, cannot give us wealth. These dium of exchange. But this requires time and canPot be done iu a are not wealth. In a word, wealth is only that which adds to what few days, yet in the mean time our country, although richerthan ever we have-that which creates, that which 'Opens up the farm, multi before in all the absolute elements of wealth, is sulfering from the plies the products of our manufa-ctories, brings forth the rich deposits want of a sufficient medium of exchange; our factories are more or from our mines, and like results. And this is done by labor, without le s paralyzed, commerce is crippled, and large amounts of the farm which, I repeat, there can be no wealth. All else is but the standard, products of the West are lying idle in the barns and store-houses; the measure, and without encouragement to the only true basis there and the people are appealing to us for some measure of relief so far can be no genuine pro perity. For here bear in mind, what ought as it is in our power to grant it. to be an axiom in all legislatjon, that that nation has the rnost pros I consider it, therefore, as evident that our true policy at present is perity tvhi~h gites the best 1·ewa1·d to labor, and that the least 1vhwh, by its to take some action to relieve the present stringency of the money legislation o1· other·wise, stints or starves labm·. I therefore repeat that. market, but at the same time this action should be so shaped as to a supine policy now is deadly to our national finances. If we do look forward to a plan maintaining the currency on a secure basis, not give this encouragement we are eaten up with interest; our se-· and if possible better adapted to the wants of our country. curities depreciate ; our currency becomes more and more so-called Although there may be a multiplicity of plans propo ed, differing in "engraved falsehoods." Let us not, then, when no one is complain detail, yet it is apparent that all these, no matter how numerous, ing of bad faith, but following the merest abstractions, shut our eyes belong to but two oppo ite theories: one which contemplates a return to the actual condition of things, and close furnaces and forges, stop to specie payment by a further forced contraction, and one which l ooms and the industries of the country, and intensify the panic now contemplates an increase of the circulating currency by unlocking passing away. The nation has wonderfu1 recuperative energies. If that which is hoarded or by direct increase in the amount. There we will help, as we should, all will be well. If now we will provide fore at the very outset we are brought face to face with the funda in needed quantity and under proper regulations the r~quired imple mental question which is now pressing on our political economists ments; if we will hold and keep down our expenses to the lowest with more force than ever before, "Is a return to specie payment possible amount; and if we will act as well as promise economy, the necessary for the stability of ouT currency?" Political economists· prosperity which, following the war, was the marvel of the age, the may strive to evade it, and legislators may endeavor to push it for wonder of the civilized world, will still be ours to attest the strength ward into the future; yet it is the real question that lies at the very of om: nation and the excellence of ouT Government and its institutions. base of this subject, and which the rapid increase of the commerce l'!Ir. President, a word more and I have done. We are told that of the world and the advancement of human freedom and intelligence everywhere the ccy is coming up for a return to specie payments, and are forcing upon the enlishtened nation of the earth. . · prote ting against an increase of the currency. This may be true as As a theory this que tion has generally, and I might say almost to hoarders of money, those upon whom fortune has smiled, and who universally, been answered in the affirmative both by statesmen and would gladly welcome the addition probably to come to their laugh writers on currency and political economy; and if we are to decide ing exchequeTS. It may be so for the East ; but I beg our friends not from the weight of authority theoretically expressed the answer will, to mistake the sentiment of the growing and now burdened West. beyond all controversy, be in the affirmative. But in our appeal to I beg them also to remember that on this as on all questions wemust these authorities one very important fact should not be overlooked: do justice to all sections as far as possible. I would not knowingly that in the discussion of questions relating to currency and monetary do an act to hazard the development or prosperity of any section of affairs this point, so vital to the solution, has seldom been raised; the this fair land. And thi , I must believe, it~ the sentiment of every authoTS, led by the popular notion that a metallic basis is the only Senator on this flooT. But let us pause before we act-before we true method, have almo tuniveTSally proceeded upon this a sumption, inflict a blow which may prove disastrous to any. To our friends from and hence all their plans propo ed have had in view a metallic basis the States long settled, with their institutions fixed, not surrounded both as a standard of value and a medium of exchange. And, as has by all t.he vicissitude , trials, and uncertainties of a new land, may I been truly said by a somewhat recent writer on currency, (Hill's Prin not appeal to carefully consider before they so legislate as to make ciples of Currency, page 1: ) the rich richer and the poor poorer? For I say to them in no sectional Formerly men who had given long and laborious attention to this subject were~ spirit, and certainly with no thought of makin~ !1 comparison in the nevertheless, deterred from statin~ their views publicly because the public minn least invidious, referring to the empire stretching to the " golden appeared to have been set fast in thls matter, so much so indeed that any attempt to subject the principles upon which our currency laws are based to that calm n.nd shores of the peaceful sea on the West," that, in the language of l'!Ir. patient in>estigation which has been so eminently successful in the discovery of Webster, "No one can appreciate his responsibility as a legislator, con-ect principles, in respect of other matters of practicaJ importance, was n.s va.in nor the magnitude of his country, until he leaves his New England as it would have been to scatter seeds on frozen ground. home and sees something of this grand empire." And may I be par Hence, I say that they start upon the basis that that is the ac doned for adding, in the language of another, and in the same spirit, knowledged fact, and rea on from that basis. The correctness of this that truly "it is a majestic region. Its people belong to the nobility statement is apparent in reading the works of such eminent writers of mankind. Its de tiny is to rule the world. Its triumph, when it as Stewart, Smith, Ricardo, Tooke, Mill, and others, where the over comes, will be complete. Its opportunity is not far in the future. powering influence of the popular notion of the necessity for a metal The West is to be the dictator of the Republic." I ts sway shall be as lic ba.sis shows itself on almost every page, notwithstanding the beneficent and just as i ts people are noble and their possibilities varied and opposite conclusions at which they arrive, and the diverse infinite. . remedies proposed. Mr. LOGAN. Mr. President, the "regulations of the currency" is One practical fact undoubtecUy favors this theoretical view, and is admitted by :ill to be one of the most difficult problems which falls probably that from which it arose: th.:'1t gold and silver are reoeived to the lot of governments to solve, and it is a question which has and recognized throughout the world as a medium of exchange, and occupied "the attention of the most profound statesmen and political a representative of -valu~.'. thereby forming an international legal economists of t he enlightened nations of the world for the past cen tender. And that this will continue to be the case, no matter what tury; and yet it may be said with truth that no satisfactory solution laws are pas ed regulating internal currency, no one pretends to has been reached. doubt. It is true that severe experience, both in this country and in Eng Having noticed the theoretical answer to the question, I now ask la.nd, has demonstrated the fact that all the methods which have SenatoTS to look at the facts and say what answer they give to it; hitherto been adopted are more or less defective, and fail to meet whether they show a specie basis to be nece sary for permanency or fully the wants of commerce; but this experience, although pointing not; or, in other word, whether they show that a metallic basis out some defects, has failed to show the exact remedy which should affords an adequate remedy against fluctuations, stringency, and the be applied. . evils attributed to a well-regulated paper cunency. It is a singular fuct that, notwithstanding the constant practical As I call attention to a few facts bearing more or less directly on use of money for ages and centuries pa t, yet the definition of the this point, I would ask SenatoTS to bear in mind two things. First, ' term itself has not been fully a.greed upon ; and I :find in an able that although I do not intend to advocate a policy which I believe ::u·ticle in the North American Review, as late as 1870, an attempt at to be entirely oppo ed to the idea of an ultimate return to pecie pay a new and rather strange explanation.* ment, yet I seek to dispel the notion that it is ab olutely necessary I mention these facts not with any intention of bringing forward a to give permanency to our currency. It may be true that, as a general new definition or of proposing any new theory, with the belief that it Tu1e, it is the best plan, as it facilitates international trade, as a uni will solve all the difficult points in this troublesome problem; but sim form system of weights and measures would, but I wish to show- and ply for the purpose of announcing, at the commencement of what I I think I can very clearly-that it is by no means a neces ity, and is b:lve to say upon the subject, that I am fully aware of the fact that not at all times best. In the second place, I desire Senators to bear it is surrounded py difficulties which have puzzled the stron~est minds in mind the distinction between standn.rd of value and medium of ex of this aud other countries. But the exigencies of the tunes have change, functions which are too often confounded, and which do not tlu"USt it upon us, and the present condition of our monetary.affairs of nece..~sity belong to one and the same article. requires us to meet it squarely. And now, perhaps more than at ooy Keeping this distinction in view, I t hink it will be seen that the facts, so fa,r as they go, give a negative answ~r to the questiou, " Is a return *Money is a personal ornament, temporarily pledged as a security for merchan to specie payment neces ary for the stability of our currency " And dise bon-owed.-North American Review, July, 1870, pag 90. I might even make my language stronger and say that the experience 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 753 . of enlightened nations shows that, as a rule, this is not practical, and sir, the fact remains that the arbitrary standard accomplished that that the attempt to carry out this popular theory has been one prolific which the natural standard (aa it is called) could not do; and a SOUl'OO of financial disasters and distress. standa~d which can maintain itself under such an extraordinary First, I call a.ttention to the facts which go to.show that gold and strain we might reasonably assume would answer the wants of trade silver are not absolutely neces ary a>S a standard of value j that althoug1 when the strain was removed. . they possess the qualities of indestructibility, pmity, and limit in .A.s touching this point in regard to a metallic standard, I would quantity, which render them good mediums of exchange, on the other ask Senators what rea-son have we to assume that the relative amounts hand there :;tre strong reasons and evidence showing they cannot re of gold and silver are always and will always remain so nearly uni main permanently the standard of value many country. And I hold form that the comparative value of the two wil). always remain the it as a self-evident truth that whenever they are deprived of this same f The nations of Em·ope have been from time immemorial function they are remanded baok at once to the position of simple adjusting the relations between these mediums of exchange, even merchandise, even though they retain their use as mediums of ex before gol This, sir, is a confession of the very prin~iple for which we who ple of our Western States who are producers reduced almost to the advocate a moderate increase of the currency are now contending. condition of serfs, to pay the interest on our State, conaty, and other And when the chancellor of the exchequer, (as yon will find on page public and private uebts to the money-lenders of the Ea.st. With all · 30 of the same pamphlet,) wisely looking to the welfare of the great this so plainly before me, I am forced to raise my voice against any mass of the people of England, announced in his financial statement such n.ttempt at present. · · "that the discovery of gold has establi hetl credit in this country in It is said by some that the West does not call for more currency. a manner which no political ec~momist could ever have imagined; I a.clmit the statesmanship, the ability, and the learning of the rren that it has increased and confirmed credit, and immen ely increased tlemeu who make this declaration; but while they speak for their the employment of the people ;" those who hau been striving to limit own con tituent.s, I trust they will allow me to speak for mine. When the s•.'a.Dd.ll'd of value to silver alone felt all their sophistry scattered you toll me that the West de ires no more curr®oy I cannot agree to to the winds by the announcement of thee facts. The struggle now, that propo ition, nor can I admit it. If you, gentlemen, who never sir, is the same in principle as then; the results which flowed from the appear to think of any persons except the bankers, the brokers, th11 increase of currency then by the influx of gold will follow the mou money-lenders, and the insurance companies, and who live in large erate increase of our cunency now. cities, believe this to be the on.se, pass from the sidewalks of the mag Our trouble now dqes not arise from the character of om· currency; nificent streets of your city into the rural districts, and ask the man it does not arise from the fact that there is a difference between gold who lives in .his rural home what he desires. He will tell you tl!a.t and the paper cmTency; but from the fact that we do not have enough the money is all held in the hands of a few men; that he is being im of it. The complaint which reaches us from the t.rading, manufac poverished; that his farm is mortgaged., and is about to be taken up turing, and prouucing classes is not that our money is worthies or b)' some moneyed man at a very low figure. depreciated, but that the amount is insufficient. Give them the supply Having discussed the oujection5 which presented themselves to a needed and all the fine-spun theories and intricate sophi tries of forcible attempt to resume specie payment, I will clo o this part of financiers will soou be scattered to the wind as they were in England. the argument with a table showing the amount of gold import.ecl and The currency per se is good enough; it is a larger amount that is wanted. exported for the past ten years. I state the propo ition, and believe Give this to the people, and then you can, at your leisure, produ e it to be correct, that this country cannot resume specie payment until yonr arguments and mature your plans which are to reach far in the trade 'vith other nations is more nearly equalized; that so long as tho fnture. The starving man cannot patiently sit down to discuss the bnJ..ances are a-gainst us, as they are to-day, every attempt at specie various effects of food upon the system before eating of the supply payment will be futile and will bring distress and calamity Ul)OU the brought him; you must first satisfy his hunger and then he will listen people of thi.. · Thus it will be seen that the price of gold has been on a slitting NumlJer of acres improved. scale downward from 1865 to the present day, and dming the ~risis, and dming the issuance of a portion of the reserve of green backs, it 1860. 1870. hus been lower than at any time since the date first mentioned. By examining this table you will :find that the variations in the price 163, 110, 720 18B, 921. 0!)9 of gold are not regulated by the amount of cmrency in any way 3, 242,183 10,104,279 whatever, but are regulated by the time of payment of duties and in 13,096,374 19, 32'J, 952 terest and-acoordinf5 to the btills and bears of New York, without any 6, 246,871 9, 130,615 refe1·ence whatever to the greenbacks or the currency, the amount great 3, 476,296 5, 096,9:39 3, 746,167 5, 899,343 or small. Now, sir, I desire to call the attention of Senators who are opposed to the theory of a moderate increase, and who speak of us a.s trying · Cask valu.e of farrns. to do that which will injure the country, to a few facts. Look back over the pa-st ten years and tell me when in the history of om counti·y - 1860. - 1870. it has a-dvance{! more in all the elements of wealth and prosperity,even with that paper cmrency which some Senators on this floor are so anxious to get clear of, and which they now denounce as "failed $6, 645, 045, 007 9, 262, 803, 861 dif 356, 712, 175 634, 804, 189 paper," "irredeemable cmrency," "a lie upon its face,'' &c. The 408, 944, 033 920, 506, 346 ference between it and gold, although occasionally changing fortunes 230,632,126 392,90 '047 between the pockets of the bulls and bears of Wall street, has not 160, 836, 495 398, 240, 578 checked the onwa-rd march of improvement in the nation; and despite 131, 117, 164 300, 414, 064 all the tilts against it by the knights of the exchange, the farmers of the West have been expm:J-ding their :fields and repladng their log Is t~, sir, _one of the evil effects of what is called by the Senator ca,bins with tasteful cottagesandcomfortabledwellings. Hume, who ~om l\1issou:1 a red~dant paper cmrency¥ If it is, I earnestly hope I suppose will be considered pretty good authority, long ago remarked 1t may contmue. ~IT, the broad prairies, dotted as they are with in reference to a corresponding state of things in England to that pleasant homes, 'Y~ch have ~prung into existence within the last ten which exists here at the present time, that- years, present a hvrn~ and direct _contradiction to the theory of that In every kingdom, in which money begins to :flow in grea.t.er abundance than for hono~able Se~ator. ~trange us tt may appear, yet it is true, that merly, everything takes a new face; labor and industry _gain life, the merchant becomes more enterprising, the manufacturer more skillful and diligent, and even notwithstan~g all_ these f.wt~, we see Senators so wedded to a theory, the farmer follows his plow with N:::;er alacrity and attention. * * * But when that _they stnve Wl~h all their powers of m·gument and oratory to currency is dimipishing, the wor has not the same employment from the man conymce us that this paper _curre~cy is fraug_ht with danger to the nfacturer and merchant, though he pays the same price for everything in the mar busmess o~ the country, 1;1nd m th~Ir speech~s ~ fuvor of specie pay ket: The farmer cannot dispose of his corn and cattle, and other P.roducts of his labor. The poverty, begging, and the sloth that must ensue are eas1ly foreseen. ment refer to ~ngland, w;tth her thirty-two millions of population and what they estimate a.t SIX hundred millions of cmrency, as having a Hume was speakin(J' in reference to England when she made the larger volume of commerce than we have. Admit this to be true for attempt, which some %ena~rs are now desirous that we should mrlke, the sake of the a;rgum~nt, although I shall prove the contrary before - of a return to specie payments by force of law. I am through, will the ~tlemen extend the Qomparison to the effect The Senator from Missouri, [Mr. ScHURz,] if I understood him ~lso upon the people will they draw the parallel between the labor rightly, argued that an increase of_currency would work injuriously ill~ classes- the producers ?f ~hat c?untry-with the same classes in to the farmers of the West ; that a difference between the circulating thiS country ¥ Are th~y willing, With the adoption of that :financial· medium and ~old bore hard upon them. Now let us compare facts s;y-stem, to see om bbonng classes reduced to an avera,o-e of two shil and :figmes With theory_and see whether they tally. ~gs per d~y 'i_ If they are infavor of bringing about "'such a condi The State of Illinois has in ten years increased the value of its real and tion of affairs ill om country, the method they proposeismost assur personal estate, in round numbers, from 8i2,000,000 to 2,122,000,000. edly the one to effect their purpose. I prefer to see the day of specie And l\1issouri, although groaning under a "redundant cmTency,'' payment postponed as long here as it was in England at the com which her Senator wishes to remove, in the same time has increased mencement of the present century, rather than to see this state of her real and personal estate from :five hunili·ed and one millions to thingsl>~ough~ about in om conn~. Alrea-dy the cry of the hungry twelve hundred and eighty-five millions; Indiana from :five hundred ~borer IS rolling up fro~ om Cities-but the prellininary mutter and twenty-nine to twelve hundred and sixty-eight millions; and IDfSS, I f~ar, of the corrnng s~orm which may soon bmst upon us Massachusetts from eight hundred and :fifteen to twenty-one hundred w1th all1ts f~ry, unless the strm__gency of the times be soon relieved. and thirty-two millions. Nor has the increase been less rapid in the It calls to mmd the result of J!;nglish policy which gentlemen so manufacturing interests alone; the total value of the products of this strongly recommend to _us-th~ fearful bread riots of her cities. I branch of industry in Illinois running up, dming-the same period, prefer to see the prospenty which we have had since the war under from $57,000,00_0 to $205,000,000; while those of the whole country republican rule and n.n " irredeemable " paper currency (so called) have been swelled from eighteen hundred and eighty-six millions to continue, than to see the business of our country prostrated and our the enormous sum of forty-two hundred and thirty~twomillions; and laborers red?-ced to beggars to carry out a theory. While I desire to those of Missouri, despite the-theory of her Senator, have increased protect the mterests of all, yet my :first and great object is to relieve fivefold-from forty-two to two hundl·ed and six millions; and even the great mass of our people so far as possible of the bmdens which Massachusetts has doubled her score, rU:UU:i£ from two hundred and press upon theli!- in consequence of the present state of monetary affairs. :fif-ty-five _to :five hundred and :fifty-three · ·ons. - As reference IS made to England by Senators who favor contraction In order to verify the statements I make here, I introduce the fol and oppose any expansion, let us see what has been the condit-ion of that lowing tables of the growth of the United States, and som~ of the country under the two systems. And for this pmuose I quote from States, in the value of real ·and personal property, of farms, and of Bowen's American Political Economy, page 415, (fust edition:) manufactured products. Of com·se Senators have all examined the It was this depreciation of .the currency which carried Eno-lood triumphantly census report, and it is not necessary to read the :figmes for their throu~h the war, which enhanced rent ann profits, gave unprecedented activity to benefit, bnt I will read them merely for the purpose of hearing them n;'anufactures and_ commerce, kept the ~aborinn- ,J>,opalation em-ployed, enabled the G?vernment to rmse enormous loans Without 'fufficulty, and made the people bear myself.. [Laughter.] With ~e and cheerjtd~ess an amount of taxation which they can now hardly contem • Comparison of real and personal estate in 1860 anil1870. plate Without shudde-rmg. It is undeniable that, durin_g the greater part of that period, (from 1793 to 1814,) the trade of the c attempted to-day. Will gentlemen stand by their own illustrations¥ 1\Ir. SCHURZ. If the Senator will allow me, does he mean to say L et them remember that this was not written to suit the present that I laid clown the idea that tho circulation of a country must occasion, but years previou to the pre ent panic. increa e in the same r atio that ~he value of it property increases f I now propo e to refer to some of the arguments which have been 1\Ir. LOGA.L~. Not at all. The Senator said that in 1860 the cur- pre entecl h ere in favor of resumption of specie payments, which I reucy of the country amounted to 14.50 per capita, and now it is have not hitherto replied to specially. 19; and he argued from that that there was enough of currency in The first to which I shall allude is that of the Senator from 1\Iis- the country. sonri, [Mr. ScHURZ,] in regard to the moral obligation of the Govern- IYir. SCHURZ. If that principle were trne, that the circulation men t to redeem its greenbacks with gold. One would be led to think necessary for the transaction of bu iness in a country must increase from hi remarks that the holders of these bills are thundering at the at the same rate as the value of property increa es in that same conn door of the Trea ury, appealing in tones of despair for their redemp- try, then I should think it wonld be very difficult to get together our tion, le t the e notes should become in a few days worthless shin- rencyenough to transact the business of England at the present time. plaster on their hands. Now, Mr. President, with all due respect to 1\lr. LOGAN. It must have some relation to bu iness, and it depends the Senator, I must say that such a proposition, if uttered on the largely upon credits, confidence, extent of country, &c.; and the illu - stump, would be considered an ad captandwrn argument, being an tration of the Senator making it relative to 'population or businc s appeal to theory and hereditary prejudices, which no movement of is a.s good a one as any, and therefore I use it for my purpo e in this the public mind or evidence obtained from our monetary affairs sns- argument. It is not my fault if the Senator produces f:igm:es here tains. And, a.s has been well remarked by the Senator from 1\Iichi&an, that do not carry out his theory. I am only showing what he said. He, [Mr. FERRY,] the fact that in the very midst of the panic gold feu to by way of a per capita argument, said that$14.50 per head in 1 60 was 103 is incontrovertible evidence of public confidence in the character the relation ofthe moneytotbe people ofthecountry. · Then I say when of the present currency-a confidence which one of the wildest panics . you take money in its relation to the property which it represent , of our history did not shake in the least. and not the people, it proves that you must have 22 a head, per capita. The enator from Missomi not only proceeds npon a gratuitous Now, if you make the ratio according to the property that the money as umption which I do not t~k is warranted b;y- the facts, but also represen~s, the Sena.tor has supplied me with an argument that other upon a theory which is wholly mconect. If I g1ve you my note for Wise I rrught not have thought of. 100, the legal presumption is that it. is payable in leg.al mon~y ; but One more a~usion t.o the same spe~ch and I. "\vill be. through with it. does it necessarily follow that there lS nowayof mydischargmgthat The Senator, m alluding to the bearmg of this question on the West, debt, both le railroa4 and other corporations, as well as money-lenders, to whom quote astn.tementof aneminentFrenchauthorityonmatters of financo they may be indellted. and cunencr, as giv~n by an advocate of specie payments in the Tho Senator from Mi onri and the Senator from Ohio, if I under North ~mencan ReVIew, January, _1874., and I have the authority stood them rightly, both took the position and argued that reducing from which he quotes here before me m a French magazine-Revue des the cmrency until it reaches the specie standard will reduce the rate Deux l\fondes, November 1,1873. I have compared it. Any gentleman of int-erest. This, Mr. President, appears to me to be a very P.ingular who reads French may make a comparison. I u.clmit that I do not argument.. It is equivalent to saying that if you reduce the quantity read it verY: well, but I can read it sufficiently to under tanu it, aud of wheat and flour in market the price will fall; that when the sup I have had 1t compared by scholars who do tra.nslate perfectly. ply of cotton is reduced to a minimum the price will be a minimum, Mr. SCHURZ. . I have seen the article. · and all cotton goods \Vill reach t he· lowest rate. In other words, it is Mr. LOG:AN. You have seen the articl~. V~y well; I suppose you equivalent to saying that there is no relation between the price and have read 1t, then. M. Bonnet, however, IS smd to be good authority supply or demand, or, if there is, that it is contrary to what has always on the cmrency question. been a-ccepted as true heretofore. I believe that it has always been . M. Vio!or~nnet,aneminent FrencbauthoritYin matters of currency and finance, accepted as a true theory, before the present debate began, that the JJ?- an art;icl~ m. tho P-:evu~ des Deux M?nc~es for November 1, states the amount of relation of the supply to the demand governed the 1·ate of interest silver co~ m mrc~ati?n m France and m Its mint to be $300,000,000. while tho coin age of ~'i metal~ gomg on at the rate of $25,000 000 annually. The gold coin in where not arbitrarily fixed by law. And in this matt-er it seems tome crrculation he estimates at $&00,000,000, ll!-aking a total1 metallic currency for that that the contractionists are, unconsciously of course, blowing both hot country of 1,100,000,000; an(l that, too, a~rthe paymentof tbeGerman mdomnity and coltl. For if, a,s most of them argue, by withdrawing part of the of 1,000,000,020. The lnds for the loan of 750,000,000 brought out in France in the currency the want of more money will cause gold to flow in, it certainly summer of 18t2 equaled 8,000,000,000, a sum very nearly four times tho amount of · t_ho public debt of the U ni~d States. These figures shoulcl qualify our conceit t must be llecause it brings a better price than previous to the with little when our country and 1ts resources are the theme. . drawal. 1\I. Bonnet also states that the silver coin in circulation in Germany equals Now, gentlemen, it is hardly fair to claim both sides of this ques e-480,000,000, while its recent g,_old coinage (largely dra.wn_fr?m l!he French payment) a.motmts to 296,000,000. In ~nglaml the amount of com m circulation outsido of tion; both conclusions cannot be true. If decreasing the cnnency tlle Bank of England, which holds 100,000,000, is estimated at $500,000,000. We causes gold to flow in, it must be llecause it finds a better market and shall need at least an equal sum. .The amount now held in this country in all hands brings a better price than before, and, as a matter of course, a higher c~ot exceed 6150,000,000. We must a~c~ulate, therefore, an a.dditlonal s~ of rate of interest. Why did the rate of interest run up so high in east- $:!;>0,000,000 before we can sa.fely attempt a tina.l resumption.-Korth ..tl :rn.crican Re . ern cities during the panic, if it was not because of the amount with -znew, January, 1874, page 138 . drawn from circulation,. \Vhy is the 1·ate easier now in New York, The ~old in circulation in France he estimates at $800 000 000- as the Senator from Ohio says, and 2 per cent. a month in other :Mr. ~lORTON. Wha,t is the date of that estimate f ' ' places f Simply because money ha.s been flowing into New York, and Mr. LOGAN. The 1st of November, 1873. · withdrawn from the others. It is because there is more money, and ¥aking a :total metallic cUITency for: the country of $1,100,000,000. · not because there is less, according to the argument of the Sen In Francom the SUUliDerof 1872 the b1ds offeredfortheloan to Fra,nce ator himself. He says the 1·ate of interest is lower in New York now amoun~ed to ooo,ooo,~oo, a sum nearly four times the public debt of than it was a short time ago. Why'f Not -because your money is the U~ted St~tes. I will show before I n.m through, by ani hority that 1·ednccd, but because your money is increased; because the supply you will not dispute, that you, gentlemen, are mistaken. He sa.vs that has reached the demand in that city. In the same way you may apply 300,000,000 of silver was in France and . 00,000,000 of gold in Novem the rule to anything else. In ~ew York interest is low; in other places ber, ~873. '~0, but," ~ay some, "they paid the indemnity out of that." it is high. In the West, in some places, our people are paying 2 per No, Sll'i this authonty states expressly that this estimate is ince cent. :1 month interest, simply because money has been flowing into tlie indemnity was paid, makin~ $1,100,000,000 of specie in France and New York and withdrawn from other places. · 70_0,000,000of cUITency~ accor.dillgt-ot~e statement by the Senator fr.om This, sir, is too plain a proposition for all the rhetoric of the Senator Ohw, [Mr. SHERMAl.~,] ill which, I think, the Senator was in excess by from Uissomi or the earnest eloquence of the Senator from Ohio to 100,00~1000. And yet he (the Senator from Ohio) says there was very overoome. Locn.l influences and other temporary causes may affect little silver or gold in France. the rate of interest for a time; but, as a general rule, which is appli I am not done with this authority. He further gives the amount cable everywhere, the rate of interest will be at a healthy normal in Germany ancl in England. standn.rd when the supply of cUITency is properly proportioned to the Now, to show you that there cannot be very much of a mista.ko I demands of trade; when the 3npply is greatly below the dema,nd the ~quote from another authority; and I read from an article JH{b rate must be high, and when the supply is greatly in excess of the lished by Henry Carey Baird, based on the statistics of the :French demand the rate will be high on account of speculation ; but this is writers in reference to currency. Here is his statement: not. our case at the present. Therefore it is this proper supply that In France vou will find a country with probably more nearly an adequate snpply of currency than any other in the world-,S600,000,000 of Bank of France notes and we want, which, basing our calculation on the figures fmnished lly not less than 700,000,000 of gold antl silver coin. The private deposits in the bank the "Senator from Missouri, is between eight hundred and eight hun are now but $45,000,000, and lhe bill!iness of the country is largely done for ca h. dred :mel fifty million dollars, which is the supply that should be in :Mr. Carey comes within 100,000,000 of the Senator from Ohio. He active circulation. says France has . 600,000,000 in bank-note circulation, and that it ha-s Before closing, I desire to present other statistics which I think 700,000,000 of gold and silver. . That would be 1,300,000 000 at tho should assist us in aniving ut a proper conclusion on this subject, a,nd lowest estimate, putting the estimate of bank-note at lOO 000 000. I will begin by calling attention to a statement 'made a few days ago less than t he Senator from Ohio estimated the cUITency of fianc~. by the Senator from Ohio, [Mr. SHERMAN,] and I will quote his lan Mr. MORTON. And that without silver. guage. When I say that I appeal to statistics, I want to do it with Mr. LOGAN. No; "metalliccun-ency." "And theprivato depo its this understanding before the Senate, that I do not believe t.here is in the bank are $45,000,000 besides." :lj man in this Sena,te, with all his genius and power, who can get a Now, to show you-- correct statement as to the circulation in England outside of the Mr. SCHURZ. The amount of bank cUITency in France a,t the pres- . bank circulation. I searched and delved in every book in reference ent moment I can give some relin.ble information upon, because I have to it, and I could not find anything that is certainly reliable. But we een the papers that arrived here by the last mail. It is 2,900 000 000 can approximate to it, and that is all we can do. The statistics tha,t francs-not quite 600,000,000. ' ' I will produce are a near conect as any th:1t can be produced_, and 1\lr. LOGAN. I am sorry the rest of us did not get the la t mail frotn I will give the authorities upon which I base my statement. I have France; but even this is about the amotmt ~iven by l'tir. Baird; bnt them here. In a colloquy between t he Sen_a,tor from Ohio [Mr. SHER I do not want to quote from any poor anthontie ; I do not intencl to ~IA~] [Mr. and the Senator from Michigan, FERRY,] this was said: qu?te ~om myself or my knowledge; but I know the Senator from Mr. SHERMAN. I desire to correct, now while the Senator is upon this point, the Ohio Will a,llow me to quote from him. The Senator from Ohio inti statement I see in the debate made yesterday by my friend from Michigan, [Mr. mated -very clem·ly-and he not only intimated but he said-that the · FEJl.RY.) It i3 true that France, before the Germanic war, had $700,000,000 of cur reason the gold and silver was in smajl amount in France was because ·renoy clistribntecl amon rr the people. Mr. MORTO~. Of coin. it was taken out of J My f1'iend from Ohio says that there is very little gold and silver England, Ireland, or Scotland. The population of the United King in Fran~e; but, acconling to I\f. Thlers, then Presiuent of France, dom, according to the British census of April, 1871, was 31,817,10.:3. they had 800,000,000 francs in gold coin, and 44,000,000 francs in bar Therefore, the amount of currency per capita is a little over twenty gold, and 50,000,000 francs belonging to the state in the Bank of five dollars, or 10 per cent. more than our highest demand. France, after paying this indemnity to Germany-in the bank, uot in Now, since gentlemen appeal to these countries as patternsof good circulation among the veople, but as a reserve there, showing that finance, I ask whether they are willing to follow the patterns¥ that gold was held in the bank besiues the gold aml silver that were But before leaving English finance, I wiSh to show that even there out among the people in circul:1tion. money rates are liable to considerable :fluotu.ations. JI.Ir. SHERMAN. I .ask the Senator, if he wishes to be correct, ex The n{Jmerous negoti-ations and enterprises of the year were accompanied by actly to state how much of the indemnity had been paiu at that time. frequent fluctuations aml panics, whereby the rates of interest were at one time over 7 per cent., while at other periods the ra~ was reduced. to 3 per cent.-...thnerican. The inuemnity 'Was paiu by installments. E-ncyclopredia, 1873, page 3til. Mr. LOGAN. Jl.f. Thiers says 800,000,000 francs, and that 1,750,000,000 francs had been received by France for the payment to Prussia. This tells its own story, and needs no comment. By reference to a table now before me, I see that between Septem Mr. SHER:l\lli~. That was only one portion of -the indemnity. M.r. LOGAN. I understan.d that; but I am showing that at the ber 26 and October 10, 18"72, $17,847,000 were drawn from the bank time the first· payment was made they still had that reserve; and reserves, showing lil,rge fluctuations, even in times of a healthyfi.na,n then he says beside this- the Senator clitl not hear me-that they ha:ve cial conilitipn. 600,000,000 francs of bills already in hand against Prussia to pay the Now, if the Senate will pardon me, I will give some figures show next portion, besides this gold in the bank. ing the respective amounts of money in the Uniteu States, Germany, · 1\fr. SHERMAN. No doubt that is true. France, and England, or rather the approximate amouut, because I 1\Ir. LOGAN. That shows that the payment to Germany did not do not believe any man can give the exact amount. I do not believe drain the gold out of France, bnt it was paid by bills on Prussia., the gentlemen who deal in such figures can give them more accurately the first 800,000,000 francs, and then the 600,000,000 francs which than I ca.n myself. · were to be paid next .they already had in hanu. ·I think it is good United States. authority. I take it from the American Annual Encyclopredia for Greenbacks---·------.••••....•.•. -·-·--· .•. ·---...... 350,000, 000 1_872. And yet gentlemen say there is no specie money there. ·w11y, Natio1;1al-bank notes.--- .. -- · .... -·-.------·-.--·- .... ---- ______. __._ 300,000.000 sir, I tell you statistics are very curious things in this Senate Cham ' Resorve . --... - -- - . _-- -... --•. ------.•.••• - .• - ___ • _- __ .. _.. _. _•.. _ 44, 000, 000 ber. Some would have it f?6 to the country that there is no gold or ~~~~da~ll~~e~~-::: ::::-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: . Jg; ggg; ggg silver in France; and that m put forth by the highest authority here in the Senate, when· the very contrary is proven by all the u,uthorities Total.---··---· .•. ---·-. _- ___ ..• -----·.---·--·--·· .••.•• -- . ___ _-__ 869,000,000 th..'tt ru·e on the subject. Deduct gold and pa-per reserves .•... -······-·-·--·--··-····---,- -- .--·~· 000,000 Now, siT, I will go further with this to show the conditiou of things Total actual circulation ...••• --··-···-.- . -··-- .. _...... ______. 669,000,000 as near as I can; and I do not know how near I shall come to doing it, .Amount of money per capita, 21. 7~; amount of circulation per capita, $16.72. but I will do my best. The Senator from Ohio would t.ake France as his model. We see that France has a specie circulation of $1,100,000,000. England. If we add to this the paper circul_a,tion of $700,000,000, as stated by Bullion in Bank of England .. ---·····-·····---·········-···-----·-- 112,259,000 himsel£ which is $100,000,000 more than Mr. Baird gives it, it makes r otes of the bank, (including reserves) ___ ...... • ____ • _. __ .• __ . _•. 187, 259, 000 7 Notes of other banks in circulation._._--·- .. -~- ·- ______. _____ . __ __ _ 85,425,000 ,eighteen hundred millions of money in France. But take Mr. Baird's Coin admitted to be in circulation .•.. --·· .. _.•..•... -.·- •...•. ______statement, which is $100,000,000 less, and his golu and silver is 500, 000, 000 $400,000,000 less than Mr. Bonnet makes it. Then, according to the 884. 943, 000 smallest statements that you. have from the statistical statements, 112, 259, 000, :France has $1,300,000,000 circulation of paper and gold and silver coin; and the highest estimate makes it $1,800,000,000. Total circulation. -·------·.--··. ___ .. ----_-·--···----·· .. ----···- 772,6 4, 000 P~?pulati?n April, urn, 31,817,108; amount of money per capita, $27.80; amount Now the population of France according to the census of 1872* was of ctrcula,tion per ca-plta, $24.28. . 36,102,921; therefore, according to these estimates, the circulation was (American .A.rinual Encyclop:edia, 1872.) fifty dollars per cap-ita, or a little over two and a half times that of Germany. tho United States, according to Mr. Bonnet. But for fear these figures, althouf?h from the highest authority accessible, would be dispntecl, I Bank ~irculation ...••••.•..••. --· ...•.• --···--- ...••.• ·---.. __ .•.•. _ $315,000,000 h..1.ve g1ven an estimate from the other authority, Mr. Baird, which I 8~ ~~t~:fati.~it:::: =::::: ~:: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -.::::: ~~: ~: go~ have just read. This gives a total of $1,300,000,000, although estimat 1 ing the paper 100,000,000 less than the Senator fl;om Ohio; showing Res!~!~-~~~~~~ -~-~~~:_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: • ~g; a circulation of over thirty-six dollars per capita in France. g?,g; ggg I am inclined from these fi~ures t.o think the Senator has made an Total amount in circulation.--- ·---... --..•. -·· ··-··-- _--- _... __ 1, 091,000,000 unfortunate reference for h1s theory ; for here we see that the very (Bagehot's Lombard Street; North American Revi~w, .January, 1874.) country which he selects as his model has, even a,t the lowest esti Population, (including Alsace !l.nd Lorraine,) 41,058,196; amount of money per mate, 80 per cent. more money per hea-d than we are now asking as capita, $31.56; amount of circulation per capi.ta, 26.60. our extreme 1imit. (.American Annual Encyclopre_dia, 1872.) lli. FERRY, of Michigan. I would ask the Senator in that connec Prarwe. tion to call the attention of the country to the fact, which is corrobo Circulation of the Bank of Fraiice __ .•• _• .•...•••· ....•.•.•.••• __ ••.•. $550, 000, 000 mtlve of the position he takes in regard to the relative a,mount of Coin and bullion on hand.--- ... ___ --._- .. -.--·-.. __ ·-- __ . ____ .____ .•• 160,000,000 coin to currency, tha,t gold in France is but one-half of 1 per cent. Gold arid silver as given bY. Bonnet; (deducting that in bank) .. _._... 940, 000, 000 premium under suspension. Total.------.----·-----.. ------·--- .----·--.•. ___ ----- 1 650 000 000 . Mr. MORTON . . And in general circulation to-day. Amount of gold and silver as per Baircl, (deducting amount in bank,).. '540; ooo; 000 Mr. LOGAN. That is true. Total amount, a-s per Baii·d ____ --. __ __ . _--- ___ ----. ----·-· ..... __ l, 250,000,000 I will, in reference to the same country, make a comparison of Population, (exclusive of Alsace and Lorraine,) 36,102,921; amount of money per her imports of the precious metal~ with her exports. For the pur capita, first estimate, $45.70; amount of money per capita, second estimate, $34.ti2.* pose of showing that those gentlemen who talk about the small (Bag_epot's Lombard Skeet; North .American Review, .January, 1874; R-evue des amount of hard currency in France must be mistaken, I will a,ppeal Deux ru.ondes, November 1, 1873.) . again to the same authority, which cannot be disputed. I refer to Mr. SCHURZ. How cloes the Senator make out that France has the American Encyclopredia,, 1872, page 316. It shows that the im a cirtmlation of $31.56 per head. _ · ports of the precious metals into France from 1865 to 1898 avera-ged Ir. LOGAN. 1 make np the amount I give from the estimates from per annum 129,400,000 in gold, in 1868 and 1869 they avera(l'ed 156,- 0 these books before me, (North ..t;\merican Review, January, 1874, and 200,000, and her exports averaged fifty-two millions up to 1868 and Bagehot's Lombard Street,) which are held to be good authority and seventy-four millions in 1869. This shows an increase in these :five from the estimate given by this French writer, (Bonnet, Re~ d~s years to her receipts, in gold, of $387,800,000, increasing at that ratio, Deux Moncles, November 1, 1873.) Take the Bank of France; by di from this country ancl others producing gold. And · yet with this viding the estimates between the qifferent ones as best I can, and vast amount of money on hand we find that France, with all its a.c the'y have $1,650,000,000 in that country. Take it at the least estimate· cunmlated wealth, with all this money, in 1872 negotia,ted a loan and it gives $34.62 per head. ' from England for $800,000,000. In refe1·ence to the loan you may con These figures show the incorrectness of the statement of the chair snit the American Encyclopredia, for 1873, page 361. man of the Finance Committee the other day, that we have more Now, let us see how the ca_se sta,nds in Great Britain, in regard to money per head and per amount of business in this e-ountry than any which so much hn, · been said. In December, 1872, the amotmt of other country in the wo1·hL The :figmes of the best financial w1iters bn.llion and notes of the Bank of Englaml stood as follows, (estimating in this anu fbreig-n countries contradict that statement; and with tl.Je pound at five dollars:) bullion, $112,259,000; notes h1 circulation, these writers the Senat.or may settle the question. I only appeal to $ i22,053,oqo ; _no~es rese!'ved, 6?,206,000. Now adu to this the $500,- them for my facts, and my fac.t-s coming from them controvert the 000,000 con:1 1n cucnlation out.s1de of the bank, and we ha,ve a total assertion made by the Senator, that we have more money here than of "799,518,000; or, in round numbers, $800,000,000 of money, with they have in a,ny other country h1. the worlcl. Su·, we have less out iuclncling .the pn,per circulation· of any other .of tho banks of * The seconrl tim.ate of coin brings ittlownn arly to that of England, and below ~ AmeriQaJ.l ~ncyclop~~. 1872, page 315. GeJ·many, and therefore cannot be fur wrong; it is the lowest to be found. 760 -coNG-IiEssr'oNAL ·Iiricoriri: JANUARY 19, money; we have always had less money; and that is the trouble In England and those countries a. bank dotted the country at every five-milo post in our country to-day, and has been the tTOuble, and will be the ~~ost, and there exchanges could b o made, and people were not troubled. Tho differences between bn.n~s could be settled, the ba.lunC!JS oould be settled every trouble, until we make so,me decided change in our system. day, and there was ~o difficulty about exchanges and disoounts with the people; N o·w, Mr. President, suppose you take the eiO'ht or nearly nine hun they were so convemont. dr~d mi.J?ons of J?One! in En~la;n_d to he1: t?Uty-one million of popu lation, crrcumscnbed m her limits, and livmg almost clustered as if I t~that as a g_ra?-d f!'Lc~ ~d a goo~ point. But yet in that country, in a city, and with one great city containing almost one-tenth of as I sa1d, confined m1ts linnts, narrow m compass, with a bank at every the population of the entire kingdom, with every so'J.i; of facility for corner and every place to do t:t;te business ~£ the community, with business. The result is that they certainly can do business on a much a~o~t a tenth of the population of the kingdom together in one cheaper scale, and much easier, th::m it can be done in a wide-spread mty, 1t has more money per capita than we have to-day in this comt country like this, where we are so far separated in our business rela try that stretches its thousands of miles from ocean· to oceau and tions,. our banks, and our great moneyed centers. . ~om lakes to gulf, _and is spanned by railroads only in certain por Some S~nators in their argument said that the Bank of England tions, when travelm other parts is slow, by stao-e-coach or by steam boat. I do say that to transact the business be~een banks between notes were good everywhere in the civilized world. I a«ree0 to that. Hence they say we desire our notes shall be made equ:ill.y good. How citias, between commercial communities and between bus:hte s men will you make them equally good 'I _ Sir, if they were worth the par of it requires a greater volume of currency for a sparsely settled coun~ gold to-day they would not be as good. Why' Because the settling of try and a wide-sprea-d cotmtry than it does where the people are clus- balances would not be done in this country. Our notes would not tered closely together. · flow back to us a-s the Bank of England notes do to London. London is I do not see how people can misunderstand that. I do not see how the grand exchange for the civilized nations of the earth. It is the an argument of t~at kind made by a Senator is yiewed as though it great settling place of baJanc~ Hence the notes of the Bank of Eng amounted to nothing. It does amount to something; and it amounts land., no matter where scattered on the face of the broad earth, seek to a great deal. I have seen the effect. of it myself. In Chica«o at the London, like water seeks its level. Whenever we stand in the same re ti~e of the panic, when commercial paper would not do, when y~~ had to lation to the world a-s they do we may look forward to this condition watt for the express to come from New York to ChicaO'o to bring cur of things, and not till then. ~ rency to keep a bank from going tmder, the hour wh~n the clearing- Mr. SCHURZ. May I suggest to the Senator that the balance of , house would close was noticed just a-s the breathing of a dying man. trade has been usually against England from time immemorial¥ Suppose when Y :Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. I move that the Senate proceed to the REYNOLDS'S PATExr BRAKE FOR POWER-LOOJ\18. consideration of executive business. It,Ir. SMART introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1242) for the extension of The motion wa agreed to. the patent known as Reynolds's patent brake for power-looms; which EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION. was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Patents, The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a communi and ordered to be printed. cation from the Secretary of War, ~~losing a letter ~f the Adjut a:ut MILEAGE. General in re(J'ard to the appropnations for collecting and paymg Mr. McDOUGALL introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1243) to abolish the bounties to cglored soldiers; which was ordered to lie on -the table, ·system of mileage; which was read a first and second time,. referred and be printed. to the Committee on Mileage, and ordered to be printed. · EXECUTIVE. SESSION. BOUNTIES. The Senate proceeded to t.he consideration of executive business; 1\fr. W ~D, of New Jel'Sey, introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1244) grant and after seven minutes spent in executive session the doors were ing bounties to· heirs of soldiers who enlisted in the service of the reopened, and (at four o'clock and fifty minutes p. m.) the Senate United States during the war for the suppression of the rebellion for adjourned. a less pe1·iod than one year, and who were killed OF have died by reason of such service; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Military Affairs, and ordered to be printed. . HENRY D. WHARTON. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 1\Ir. PACKER introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1245) for the relief of Henry D. Wharton, late commissary sergeant of the Forty-seventh :M:oNDAY, January 19, 1874. Regiment Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers; which was read a first The House met at twelve o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplairi, Rev. and second time, referred- to the Committee on Military Affairs, and ordered to be printed. J. G. BUTLER, D. D. • The Journal of Saturday last was read and approved. DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES AND MINING. ORDER OF BUSINESS. Mr. BIERY introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1246) to establish at the The SPEAKER. This being Monaay, the :first business in order is seat of Government a· department of manufactures and mining, and the call of the States and Territories, beginning with the State of for other purposes; which was read a first and second time, refened Maine for the introduction of bills and joint resolutions for refer to the Committee on Manufactures, and ordered to be printed. ence to their appropriate committees, not to be brought back on NATIONAL BANKS. motions to reconsider. Under this call memorials and resolutions of Mr. BIERY also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1247) to amend the na • State and territorial Legislatures may be presented for reference and tional-currency act so as to entitle national banks to circulating notes printing. The morning hour begins at three minutes after twelve equal in amount to their bonds, and to allow them to substitute their o'clock. present reserves by 3.65 per cent. currency bonds; which wa~ read JOHN B. SLACK. a first · and second time, referred to the Committee on Banking and Mr. FRYE introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1233) for the relief of John Currency, and ordered to be printed. B. Slack, late an acting third a~sistant engineer of 'the United States Navy; which was read a first and second time, refened to the Com CONDEliNED ORDNANCE FOR MONU1\-IENTS. mittee on War Claims, and ordered to be printed. 1\fr. BIERY also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1248) authorizing the Secretary of War to deliver condemned ordnance to the Soldiers' Mon N~CY S. PRINCE. umental As ociation of Fuller Post, No. ·74, Grand .Army of the Re Mr. BURLEIGH introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1234) granting a pen public; which wa read a first and econd time, referred to the Com sion to Nancy S. Prince; which was read a first and second time, re· mittee on Militru.y Affairs, and ordered to be printed. £erred to the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and ordered to be printed. SUBMARI~TE · CABLE PRINTING TELEGRAPH. CHARLES H. BUGBEE. 11Ir. NEGLEY introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1249) to incorporate the , Mr. PARKER, of New Hampshire introduced a bill (H. R. No. Submarine Printing Telegraph Company, a,nd to promote and en 1235) grantin~ a pension to Charles H. Bugbee, late a private in Com courage telegraphic communication between America and foreign pany A, ThircL Regiment Vermont Volunteers j which was read·a first countries; which was read a first and second titne, referred to the Com and second time, referred to the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and mittee on Foreign Affairs, and ordered to be printed. ordered to be printed. PURCHASE OF MONTICELLO. D. D. WEAD. Mr. HENDEE introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1236) to reimburse D. Mr. SPEER introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1250) to authorize the pur D. Wead, po tmaster at Sheldon, Vermont, for stamps and money chase of Monticello, formerly the homestead of Thomas Jefferson; stolen from him December 31, 1873; which wa8 rean a first and sec which was read a first and second time, and ordered to be printed: ond time, referred to the Committee on Claims, and ordered to be Mr. SPEER. I ask that the bill be read in full. The preamble to the bill states that the grave of Thomas J efferson, printed. the author of the Declaration of American Independence, has been SURVIVORS OF THE wAR OF 1812. wholly neglected by the United States, to which he gave the services 1\Ir. STARKWEATHER introduced a bill (H.R. No.1237)to amend of a lon(J', useful, and patriotic life, and now remains unmarked by "Ari act granting pensions to the smvivors of the war o£1812 and: to even a decent tombstone. The bill authorizes the President of the ;their widows," approved February 14, 1861; which was read a first and United States to c~mtract for the purcha~e by the Government of tb.e second time, referred to the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions property known as Monticello, in the State of Virginia, formerly the and War of 1812, and ordered to be printed. homestead of Thomas Jefferson, and containing the grave in which he is buried; and provides that the President shall transmit his a 762 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. JANUARY 19, OCCOQUAN CREEK HARBOR, VillGL.~IA.. title of the United States to certain la.nds in the parish of Living !\>Ir. SENER introduced a bill (H. R. No.1254) making. appropria. ston, in the State of Louisiana; which was .read a first and secoD THO~IAS DAY. section 30, township 49, of range 32; which was read a first and sec- :Mr. HOLMAN introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1283) for the relie~ of ond time, referred, with the accompanying papers, to the Committee Thomas Day, of Indiana; which was .read a first and second .time, on Claims, and ordered to be printed. · referred to the .Committee on W :11' Clmms, and ordered to be prmt-ed. PU:Bhl<;:J BUILDING AT KANRAS CITY, l\IJS ouru. wAR DEPARDIID.'"T REQUISITIONS. Mr. CO MINGO also presented a concurrent resolution of the Legis- 1\fr. COBURN introduced a bill (H. R. No. 12t 4) authorizin~ the lature of the Sta.te of :Mi ouri, asking Congi·ess to make an appro chief clerk of the War Department to sign requisitions on the Tre?-s- priation of money for the. erection of a court-house and post-office ury during the temporary ab ence of. the Secretary of. War; wh~c~ buUding at Kansas City, Mi ouri; which wa.s referred to the Com was read a first and second time, refened to the CoiDIDlttee on Mill- mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds, and ordered to be printed. tary Affairs, and ordered to be printed. He also presented a concurrent resolution of the Legislature of the CLERKS TO UNITED STATES COURTS, L~IA..~A. State of Missouri, asking Congress to make an appropriation for the . Mr. COBURN aJ 0 introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1285) to provide for erection of a custom-house and post-office building at Kansas City, the appointment of clerks to the circuit and district court!') of the Missouri, and for .the establishment of a United States court at said United States held at New .Alba11y and Evansville, in the district of city.;' which was referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Indiana; whi~h was read a first and second time, referred to the Com- Grounds, and ordered to be printed. mittee on the Judiciary, and ordered to be printe-d.· JOHN n. FRil"'XLIN. 1\:IICHAEL 1\:I. LYNCH. Mr. GLOVER introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1299) to correct an error Mr. COBURN also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1286) for the relief in the date of enlistment of John H. Franklin, late of Company K, of Michael M. Lynch; which was reacl a first and e~ond time, refen ec.l Seventh Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, as appears on the mus to the Committee on Claims~ and ordered to be pnnted. ter-roll of said company, now in the War Department ; which was read a first ttnd second time, referred to the Committee on Military WIND RIVER ~lA.!.~ RESERVATION. Affairs, and- ordered to be printed. Mr. HAWLEY, of Connect-icut, introduced a biJ-1 (H. R. N?.' ~287) 1\:IA'ITH.EW WOODRUFF. for the relief of settlers on the lands embraced Withm the limits of the Wind River Indian re ervation, in the Territory of Wyoming; :Mr. GLOVER also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1300) for the relief which was read a first and second time, referred-to the Committee on of Matthew Woodruff, of Clark County, Missouri, late sergeant Com Claims, and ordered to be printed. pany G, Twenty-fir t 1\Iissouli Volunteer Infantry, from charge of de ertion~ and to grant him an honorable discharge from the service ; ILLINOIS STATE LANDS. which ·was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee :Mr. FORT introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1288) to authorize the State on Military Affairs, and ordered to be printed. of Illinois to select three hundred and sixty-seven thousand acres of the public lands to which aiel State is entitled by 1:1w; which was read BEDS .OF UNSURVEYED LAKES. a .first and second time, referred to the Committee on the Public Lands, Mr. HATCHER introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1301) ceding to the· and ordered to be printed. · seveml St.'ttes within wbo ·e limits they respectively lie the beds of SOLDIERS' BOUNTY LA1o."DS. unsurveyed lakes and other "bodies of water; which was read a first :Mr. FORT also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1289) to grant a bounty and second time, referred to the Committee on the Public Lands, and of one hundred and sixty acres of public lands to each soldier of the ordered to be printed. war of the rebellion for future homesteads; which was read a first and LANDS IN SCOTT COUNTY, 1\fiSSOURI. second time, referred to the Committee on the Public L:mds, and ordered Mr. HATCHER also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1302) authorizing to be printed. the issuance of a patent for certain lands in the county of Scott, in REISSUE OF PATENTS. the St.'llte of Missouri; which was read a first and second time, re Mr. WARD, of illinois, introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1290) to permit ferred to the Committee on Private La.nd Cla.ims, and ordered to be ru:;signe s of patents to apply for a reissue in certain cases; which was printed. read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Patents, and DUTY ON JUTE BUTTS. order~d to be printed. 1\Ir. CLARK, of l\Iis ouri, introduced a bill (H. R. ~o. 1303) to pro rns. ~'N P. J.ums. vide for a · duty on jute butts of twelve dollars per ton; which was Mr. HURLBUT introduced. bill (H. R. No. 1291) for the relief of Ann read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Ways and P. James, of the State of Tennessee; which was read. a first and Means, and ordered to be printed. · second time, referred to the Committee on War Claims, and ordered 1IOWELL H. TRASK. to be printed. Mr. WILLARD, of Michigan, introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1304) for HEmS OF JEA.i.~ FRANCIS PERRY. the relief of Howell H. Tra k ; which was read a. first and second time, Mr. MORRISON introduced a bill (H. R. No. 129-2) for the relief of referred to the Committee on Claims, and ordered to be printed. the heirs of Jean Francis Perry; which was read a first and second E. CAROLINE WEBSTER. time, referred the Committ~e on Private Land Claims, and ordered to Mr. BURROWS introduced a, bill (H. R. No. 1305) grantin(J' a pen.., to be printed. sion to E . Caroline Webster, widowof LuciusH. Webster; wirichwas ROSE'ITA HERT AND OTHERS. read a first and second. time, referred to the Committee on Invalid Mr. PARJn!R, of :Missouri, introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1293)forthe Pensions, and ordered to be printed. · relief of Rosetta Hert, Charles C. Benoist, Emily Benoist, and Logan J<'an Fan, half-breed Indians; which was read a first and second time, FLORIDA BONDS. 1·eferred to the Committee on Indian Affairs, and ordered to be printed. l\Ir. FURMAN introduced a bill (H. R. No ..1306) to authorize the RIGHT OF WAY. Secretary of the Treasury to exchange with the State of Florida. cer tain Florida bonds held in trust for various Indian tribes; which was 1\Ir. PARKER, of :Missouri, also introduced· a bill (H. R. No. 1294) read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Indian granting to the American Fork Railway Company a right of way Affairs, and ordered to be printed. through the public lands for the construction of a railroad and tele graph; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Com PUBLIC BUILDING AT KEY WEST. mittee on the Pacific Railroad, and ordered to be printed. Mr. PURMAN aJ. o introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1307) for the erec PROOF OF HOMESTEAD SETTLEl1El\TTS. tion of a p1Jblic building at Key West, FlOTida; which was read a fir t and second time, referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and 1.Ir. BLAND introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1295) to authorize the tak Grounds, and o_rdered to be printed. ing of final proof of homestead settlements in the counties where the lands may be situated; which was read a first and second -time, re HARBOR OF GALVESTON. fen:ed to the Committee on Public La,nds, and ordered to be plinted. Mr. WILLIE introduced a, bill (H. R. No. 1308) making an appro BRA...''WH 1\frnT AT SAINT LOUIS. priation for deepening the channel over the outer and inner bm'S in the harbor at Galve ton, Texas; which was read a first and second ,Mr. WELLS introduced a bill (H. R No. 1296) to establish a branch time, referred .to the Committee on Commerce, and ordered to be mint of the United Sta,te at Saint Louis, Missouri; which was read printed. · a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Coinage, Weights, PROCEEDL~GS IN UNITED STATES COURTS. · anc.ll\Ieasures, and ordered to be printed. Mr. WILLIE also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1309)toregulatepro TIIOMA.S T. CRITTE. ~DE~. ceeclings in the courts of the United States in certain causes, and for Mr. STANARD introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1297) fot the relief of other pmposes; which was read a first and second time, refened to the Thomas T. Crittem1en, of Mi · onri; which was read a first and second Committee on tho Judiciary, and ordered to be printed. time, referred to the Committee on Claim , n.nd ordered to be printed. PO TAL SERVICES. ALEXA...~ER COLLL."{S. Mr. GIDDINGS introdnceda bill (H. R. No. 1310) to provide for the Mr. COMINGO iutrocluced a bill (H. R. No. 129 ) providing for the payment of amounts due for postal service rendered prior to 1 Gl ; repayment to Alexander Collins, of Jackson County, Missouri, of the which was rea,d a first and second time, referred to the Committee on p chase-money for the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of Claims, and ordered to be printed. · 764. · ~, .. CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD. JANUARY 19, SYDNEY O. WILKINS. OLIZ.A. ROOT. ·Mr. GIDDINGS .aJso introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1311) placing upon Mr. DUNNELL introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1325) for the relief of the pension-roll the name of Sydney 0. Wilkins, of Wa-shington County, Oliza Root ; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Texas; which wa-s read a first and second time, referred to the Com Committee on Claims, and ordered to be printed. mittee on Invalid Pensions, and or{l.ered to be printed. .A..R)fiSTEAD BURWELL. • RELIEF OF MAIL CONTRACTORS. Mr. DUNNELL also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1326) fortherelief lli. HANCOCK introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1312) for the relief of of Armistead, Burwell; which was read a first and second time, re ma-il contractors for services rendered in the States of Virginia, North ferred to the Committee on Claims, and ordered to be printed. Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tenness~e, Arkansa-s, Alabama, . JAJ\IES H. DAVIDSON. ·~ Mississippi. Florida, Louisiana-, and Texas; which wa-s read a first Mr. AVERILL introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1327) for the relief of and second time, referred to the Committee on Claims, a-nd ordered to James H. Davidson, late colonel of the One hundred and twenty-sec- · be printed. · ond Regiment United States Colored Troops; which was read a first ALEXANDER BURTCH. and second time, referred to the Committee on Military Affairs, and Mr. KASSON introduc~d a bill (H. R. No. 1313) for the relief of ordered to be printed. : Alexander Burtch; which was read a first and second time, referred i MINNESOTA RIVER. • to the Committee on Milita-ry Affairs, and ordered to be printed. : Mr.STRAITintroduced a bill(H. R.No.1328)toprovideforanexam MARY MULLINS. ination and survey of the Minnesota River in the State of Minnesota, · Mr. DONNAN introduced a bill '(H. R. No. 1314) to rumind an act and for an estimate of the cost of constructiflg canals, locks, and dams entitled "An act granting a pension to Ma-ry Mullins/' approved 1\.farch on the same; which was read a first and second time, referred to the 3, 1873; which wrus read a first and second time, referred to the Com- Committee on Commerce, and ordered to be printed. mittee on Invalid Pensions, and ordered to be printed. ' RAILROAD IN OREGON. . SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' HOMESTEADS. Mr. NESMITH introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1329) granting the right Mr. DONNAN also introduced a. bill (H. R. No. 1315) to· amend an of way for the construction of a railroad from Roseberg to Port Orford, act entitled" An act to amend ail act rela-tive to soldiers' and sailors' in the State of Oregon ; which wa-s read a first and second time, referred homesteads;" which was read :i'first 'and second time, referred to the t() the Committee on the Pub~c Lands, and ordered to be printed. Committee on the Public Lands, and ordered to be printed.· · · PORTLAND, DALLES AND SALT LAKE RAILROAD. SARAH J. BIRD. Mr. NESMITH also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1330) providing for Mr. BARBER introduced a bill (H. R. No.1316) granting a pensio.n the construction of the Portland, Dalles and Salt Lake Railroad and Tel to Sarah J. Bird, widow of Benjamin F. Bird, late of Comp:my E, egraph; and for the performance of all Government service free of One hundred and forty-sixth Regiri:J.ent Illinois Volunteers; which charge; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Com was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Invalid mittee on Railways and Canals, and ordered to be printed. Pensions, and ordered io be printed. JOAB SPENCER .A...'ID J.A..'IES R. MEAD. ANN JEANNETTE HATHAW .A.Y. Mr. LOWE introduced a bill (H. R. N.o.1331) for the relief of Joab Mr. MITCHELL introdU:.ced a bill (H. R. No. 1317) to enable Ann .Spencer and James R. Mead for SUJlplies furnished the Kansa-s tribe Jeannette Hathaway, executrix of Joshua Hathaway, deceased, to of Indians; which was' read a firs~ and second time, referred -to the make application to the Commissioner of Patents fer an extension of Committee on Indian Affairs, and ordered to be printed. · · letters-patent for an improved device for converting reciprocating into rotary motion; which was read a first and second time, referred, with ALLEGHANY COLLEGE, WEST VIRGTh"'.A.. the acco:r;npanying pa,p~rs, to the Committee on Patents, and ordered Mr. HEREFORD introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1332) for the relief of to be printed. · Alleghany College~ Greenbrier County, West Virginia; which was read HARBOR' OF ~~~0:\IONEE. a first -and second time, referred to the Committee on War Claims, Mrt McDILL, of Wisconsin, introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1318) to and "Ordered to be printed. . . provide for the improvement of the harbor at the mouth of the Me PUBLIC BUILDL.~G .A.T CARSON, NEVADA. nomonee River, in .Michigan an,d Wisconsin; which was 1;ead a first Mr. KENDALL introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1333) to provide for the and second time, refelTed to t:he Committee on Commerce, and ordered erection af a public building at Ca.1·son, Nevada; which was read a to b~ ~rint~d. ·· · first and second time, referred to the Committee on Public Buildings HARBOR OF SUPERIO~, WISCONSIN. and Grounds, and ordered t.o be printed. · Mr. McDILL, of Wisconsin, also introduc-ed a bill (H. R. No. 1319) INDI.A..t.~ DEPREDATIONS. to provide for the improvement of the harbor of Superior, Wisconsin; which was read a first and second tii:ile, referred to the Committee on Mr. KENDALL also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1334) for the relief of persons for damages sustained b'y reason of ·Indian depredations; CoiilJ?e!c~, ~nd ordered to I?e lliinted. ·· · which was read a first and second time, referred to . the Committee GENERAL BANKING L.A. W. on Indian A:ff:hlrs, and ordered to be printed. . Mr. WILLIAMS, of Wisco.Min, by request, introduced a bill (H. R. . GUADALUPE TORRES. No. 1320) to ·provide for a general banking law, and1 also ·tne inter changeability of Government bonds and national currency, and the Mr. ELKINS introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1335) granting a peilllion redemption of said currency in coin or interest-bearing Treasury notes; to Guadalupe Torres ; which was read a first and second time, referred which was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee-on to the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and ordered to be printed. Banking ~nd Currenc!, and order~ ~o be printed. MRS. M. BOWLER. • PATRICK GALLAGHER. Mr. ELKINS also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1336) for the relief Mr. WILLIAMS, of Wiscon8i..ll, also introduced a bill (l;I. R. No.1321) of Mrs. M. Bowler, widow of James F. Bowler, deceased, authorizing payment for property taken by Navajo Indians; which was read a granting a pension to P~trick Gallagher; whicb was read a first a,nd ·second time, referred to the Committee on Invalid Pension.S; and or- first and second time, referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs, and ordered to be printed. . dered to be printed. ·' · ..·; . : CLARK & REYNOLDS. GEORGE S. GUSTIN. Mr. WILLIAMS, of Wisconsin, also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1322) Mr. ELKINS also introduced a bill (H. R. No.1337) for the relief of for the relief of GeorgeS. Gustin, late private Company D, Seven-· Clark & Reynolds, authorizing payment for taking of property by the teenthRegiment Illinois Volunteers; which wa-s read a first and·second military during the war; which was read a first -and second time, time, referred to the Committee on l'rlilitary Affairs, and ordered to be referred to the Committee on War Claims, and ordered to be printed. printed. JAMES PRESLEN BECK. POST-ROUT.E IN C.ALIFORNIA. Mr. ELKINS also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1338)forthereliefof ~Ir. LUTTRELL presented a concurrent resolution of the Legisla J am~s. Preslen Beck, ad~strator of Pr~slen Bee~~ jr., deceased, au ture of the State of Ca],ifornia~_!lSking for t.he estaolishment of a mail thol'lzmg payment for Indian depredatiOns; which was read a first rou'fie from Happy Camp, Del .Norte County, to Orleans Bar, Klamath and second time, referred to th8 Committee on Indian Affairs, and or- County; which was referred to the Committee on the Post-Office and dered to be printed. · . . · Post-Roads, and ordered _to be print~d. · · .. .. JAMES L. JOHNSON. ~RESCENT CITY, C~ORNI.A.. Mr. ELKINS also introduced a bill (H.: R. No. 1339)fortherelief o£ Mr. LUTTRELL also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1323) to appro James L. Johnson, survivingpartner of Beck &Johnson, authorizing priate money for the improvement of the harbor at Crescent City, payment for Indian depredations; which was read a first and second Californiaj .which was ·read a fust and second time, referred to the time, referred to the Committee on Indian .Affairs, and ordered to be Committee on Commerce, :md ordered to be printed. printed. · He a1so introduced a bill (H. R. No.1324) to authorize the construc INDIAN DEPREDATIONS IN UTAH. tion of a breakwater at Crescent City, California ; which was read a ])Ir. CANNO:N, of Utah, presented the memorial of the Legislative first a.nd second time, referred to the Committee on Commerce, and A..Ssemply of Utah Territory, praying for an appropriation to pay for ordered to be printed. · · · Indian depr~dations and Qxpelli!~s incurred in suppressing Indian hos- - .:. ~ . . ' ·, i 874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. tilities; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Com DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. mittee on Claims, and ordered to be printed. 1\Ir. DA'VES also (for 1\Ir. BUTLER, of Massachusetts) introduced a. CHARLES A. LUKE. bill (H. R. No. 1353) to amend an act entitled "An act to provide a Mr. McCORMICK introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1340) for the relief gove~ent for the District of Columbia;" which was read a first and of .Charles A. Luke; which was read a first and secqlld time, referred second time, refened t;o the Committee on the J niliciary, and ordered to the Committee on Military Affairs, and ordered to be printed. to be printetl. FIXING SA.LAIUES. MILITARY RESERVATIO~ IN ARIZONA. 1\Ir. DAWES also (for Mr. BUTLER, of Massa-chusetts) introduced a ·Mr. McCORMICKalso introduced a bill (H. R. No.1341)authorizing bill(H. R. No.1354) :fixing the salary of certain officers; which was read the Secretary of War to relinquish and turn over tv the Interior De a first and second tin'le~ referred to the Committee on -the Judiciary, partment parts of certain reservations in t.he Territory of .Arizona no and ordered to be printed. longer required for military purposes; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Committe~ on Military Affairs, and ordered TAX ON LEAF-TOBACCO. to be printed. · 1\Ir. SE};TER introduced a bill (H. R. No; 1355) for the repeal of all PUBLIC LANDS IN ARIZONA FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES. acts or parts of acts creating or imposing a special tax upon any far.nter or planter for selling by retail to consumers leaf-tobacco of ::hfr. McCORMICK also presented the memorial of the Legislature his own or his tenant' produce; which wa-s read a first and second of Arizona in regard to public lands for school purposes; which was time, referred to the Committee on W~ys and Means, and ordered to referred to the Commit~e on the Public Lands, and ordered to be be printed. printed. DISTILLED SPIRITS DESTROYED BY FIRE. MEXICAN CITIZENS WITHIN THE ~D STATES. 1\Ir. SENER also introduced a bill (H. R. No.1356) to amend ~;ection Mr.· McCORMICK also introduced a bill(H. R. No. 1W) declaratory 1 of the act of May Z7,1872,entitled "An act to authorize the Secretary of the rights of such Mexican citizens as-were established. in Terri of tlie Trea-sury to abate or refund taxes on distilled spirits de troyed tories acquired from Mexico by the treaty of Guadnlupe-Hidalgo and by accidental fire or other casualty;" which_was read a :first and second the Gadsden treaty, and who have since continued tore .ide within the time, referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and ordered to limits of the United States; which wa read a first and second time, be printed. referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and ordered to be printed. DICKSO~ SHINAULT. COXJ\mRCE OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. :Mr. SENER also iD.troduced a bill (H. R. No. 1357) for the relief of ::hfr. CHIPMAN introduced a bill(H. R. No. 1343) conferring certa.in Dickson Shinault, late as .istant keeper of the light-ve sel at Wolf power on the Di triot of Columbia; which was read a :first and sec Trap Station, in the State of Virginia; which was read ·a first and ond time, referred to the Committee on Commerce, and ordered to be second time, referred to the Committee on Claims, and ordered to be printed. . · · printed. • He also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1344) for the improvement of CONSULS ACTING AS CHARGEs D7AFF AIRES. the harbor of Washington, and making an appropriation therefor; 1\Ir. BASS introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1358) to establish the com which was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on pensation of consuls act.ing as charges d'affaires; which was read a Com.ID.erce, and ordered to be printed. first and second time, referred to the Co:m.mi,ttee on Foreign Affairs, He also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1345) relating to improving the and ordered to be printed. • river front of Washington City; which was re.ad a first and second FRANK M. KREPS; time, referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia, and or- dered to be printed. . · 1\Ir. NEGLEY introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1359) for the relief of Frank 1\I. Kreps; which was read a :first and second time, referred to BRIDGES OVER DETROIT RIVER. the Committee on Military Affairs, and ordered to be printed. ::hfr. BURROWS introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1346) to provide for the PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH. construction of bridges over the Detroit River at Detroit and Trenton, in the State of Michigan; which was read a first and econd time, 1\Ir. HAYS introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1360) to aid in establish referred to the Committee on Commerce, and ordered to be printed. ing and supporting public schools in the States lately in rebellion; which was read a first and econd time, referred to the Committee on SECURITY OF LIFE, ETC. Education and Labor, and ordered to be printed. Mr. DAWES (for 1\Ir. BUTLER, of l\Ia achusetts) introduced a bill CHARLES W . HATCH. (H. R. No.·1347) to amend an act to provide for the better ecurity of life, &c., approved Febt:uary 28, 1871; which was 1·ead a first and sec 1\Ir. HAYS also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1361) for the relief of ond time, referred to the Committee on Naval.A.:ffairs, and ordered to Charles ·W. Hatch, of Alabama; which wa-s read a :first and second be printed. time, referred to the· Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads, RESPONSffiiLITY OF PASSEXGER CARRIERS. and ordered to be_printed . SURETIES OF CHARLES W. HATCH. Mr. DAWESalso(for Mr.BUTLER7 of:Massaohusetts)introdnced a bill (H. R. No. 1348) to revise the laws giving a right of action in case of Mr. HAYS also ~troduced a bill (H. R. No. 1362) for the relief of death from negligence by passenger carrier-s; which was read a first the sureties of Charles W. Hatch, late postmaster at Greensborongh, and second time, referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and Alabama; which was read a first and second time, l'efened to the ordered to be printed. • · Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads, and ordered to be printed. JOHN GRAHAM. PROTECTION OF AMERICAN SEAMEN. 1\Ir. DAWES also (for 1\Ir. BuTLER, of Massachusetts) introduced a joint re ol.ution (H. R. No. 40) for the relief of John Graham; which 1\Ir. SAWYER introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1363) to repeal section wa-s read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on For 7 of an act entitled "An act for the relief and protection of Ameri eign Affairs, and ordered to he printed. can seamen," approved May 2B, 1796, ·and to 1·epeal an act entitled ''An act to revive and continue in force certain parts of acts for the relief IN CUSTOM-HOUSES MASSACHUSETTS. of American eamen and to amend the same(" approved .Mn.rch 271799; Mr. DAwES also (for Mr. BUTLER, of Mas achnsetts) introduced a which was read a first and second time, refelTed to the Committee on bill (H. R. No. 1349) to consolidate the custom-houses of Marblehead Commerce, and ordered to be printed. and Lynn with Salem and Beverly, and for other puiposes; which CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS. WM read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Ways 1\Ir. SAWYER also introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1364) to amend ::1m and Means, and ordered to be printed. act entitled "An act to regulate the carriage of pas en~ers in steam LUCIUS C. CHASE. ships and other vessels,'' approved March 3, 1855; whion was read a Mr. DAWES also (for Mr. BUTLER, of Massachusetts) introduced a first and ·second time, referred to the Committee on Commerce, .and bill (H. R .. No. 1350) to enable Lucius C. Chase to make application ordered to be p1inted. to the Commissione1· of Patents for the extension of letters-patent for DDIIGRATIO~. improvement in buckles; which was read a first and second time, Mr. SA\VYER ·also presented copies of letters from the Secretary of referr.ed to the Committee on Patents, and ordered to be printed. State to the Secretary of the Treasury, recommending that the reports MARIA P. HARRISON. on immigration may be transferred from the Depa,rtment of State to the Treasury Department ; and the same were referred to the Committee 1\Ir. DAWES also (for Mr. BUTLER, of Massachusetts) introduced a on Commerce, and ordered to be p1inted. bill (H. R. No. 1351) for the relief of Maria P. Harrison; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Naval C.L~ADIAN STEiliER GEORGE WARRE-'q". Affair , and ordered to be printed. Mr. W .A.LDRON introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1365) to grant :m Ameri EQUALIZATION OF MARS.H.AJ:..s' PAY. can register to the Canadian teamer George Warren; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Commerce, and Mr. DAWES also (for Mr. BuTLER, of Massachusetts) introduced a ordered to be printed. · bill (II. R. No. 1352) to regulate and equ.:iliz~ the compensation of marshals, and for other purposes; which was· read a first and second THOMA OHRISTIA~ AND Z. DE BOW. time, referred to tho Committee on the Judiciary, and ordered to be Ur. ALBERT introduced a bill (H. R. No.1366) to authorize Thomas printed. Christian anu Z. De Bow to bring snit in the Court. of Claims for com- '766 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. JANUARY 1_9, pensation for the use of their improved wa_gon-brake by the United ser.ond time, refened to the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and or States· which was read a :first and second t1me, refened to the Com- dered to be printed. mittee'on Patents, and ordered to be printed. 1\IAR~ HOSPITAL AT NATCHEZ. MARY J. RAYMOND. Mr. LYNCH introduced a bill (H. R. No.1380) •donatrng the mnrine 1\fr. BURLEIGH introduced 3. bill (H. R. ~o. 1367) granting a -pen- hospital at Nu,tchez, Mississippi, to the State of :Missi ippi; which sion to lliry J. Raymond; which w~s read'?' :first and second time, was read a :first" and second time, referred to the Committee on Com- referred to the Committee on Invalid Pens10ns, and ordered to be merce, and ordered to be printed. · printed. ESTATE OF L. ll. MATTAIR. ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC RAILROAD. Mr. W .A.LLS introduced a bill (H. R. No. 1368) for the reli~f of F~n 1\fr. PAGE, by unanimous COD ent, submitted the following resolu nie E. Taylor, administratrix of the estate of L. H. l\fa~arr; wJ?ch tion ; which was read, considered, and agreed to : was read a :first and· second time, referred to the Committee on Claims, Resolved, That the Committee on the Public Lands be, and is hereby, instructell to and OTdered to be p1·inted. ascert~in if the amounts granted by Congress t tion is to suspend all the .rules, includiil15 the ono under-which the two or a dozen, to be admitted to the floor of the House, the ChaiT will gentleman would h::wo a. right to ask a division. give his consent. The Chair throws the responsibility wholly upon The question wa taken; anu there weTe-yea-s 135, nays 98, not the members of the Hou e. Hewillin noeventresistany applicationR Yoting 53; as follows: made for the ad.mission of pen;ons .to the floor of the House. The Chair YEA.S - Messrs. Adams. Albright, Arthur, Ashe, Averill, Barber, Barrera, will state, however, that the reserved gallery is at the dispo al of Bcuole, Bell, Berry, Bi ry, Bland, Blount, Bowen, Bradley, Bright, Brown, Buck- · gentlemen, and from it they can see better and hear better than they ner, llimdv, Burrows, Roderick R. Butler~ Cain, Ce sna, John B. Clark, jr., can from the floor of tho House. Disorder in the House can be checkecl • Clements, Clinton L. Cobb, St~phen A.. CoDb, Coburn, Comin:ro, Conger, Cook, Corwin, Crittenden, Cro. sland, Crutchfield, Curtis, Danforu, Davis, Dobbins, if members, instead of bringing the members of their Legislature or Donnan, Dunnell, Field, Fort, Freeman, Glover, Hancock, Henry R. Harris, John T. any of their State officers who may happen to be in the city on the Harris, Harrison, Hatcher, Havens, John B. Hawley, Hays, John W. Hazelton. Here floor of the House, will permit them to take seats in the gallery. ford, Hoiman, Hubbell, Hunt-er, Hurlbut~ Hyde, Jewett, Kelley, Killinger, Knapp, 1\fl-. DAWES. Does the Spe::tker decide that he can suapond thn.t L=ar, Lamison, Lawrence, Leach, Lofland, Loughrid Mr. SYPHER. It is a. matter, under the rules, for the Committee on legal authority possessed by the General Government over the street~ avenues and Expenditures in the Treasury Department. highways in said District, and the letral and equitable relations subsi~ting be~een the General Government and said District touching their mutual obligations to Mr. KELLOGG. I object. shar!l the expelll?e of m~tainin_g- in ~aid District a proper loc:ti government, and Subsequently the objection was-withdrawn, and the resolution was u:ls~~e n~tional capital a fit reSldence for the seat of political power for the adopt.ed. • FREE PASSAGE OF GOVERNME~T 111AIL 1\UTTER. 1\fr. RANDALL. Is that introduced for reference or for action Y Mr. YOUNG, of Georgia. I move to suspend the ru1es in order to The SPEAKER. For reference to the Judiciary Committee. • allow me to introduce, and the House to pass, a bill providing for the 1\Ir. RANDALL. It ought to be printed. free pas age through the mails of matter printed by order of the Gov :Mr. POLAND. It is substantially a resolution of inquiry, merely directing the Committee on the Judiciary to inquire in reference to ernment of the United States. the matt-er. The bill was read. It provides that all matter printed by order of 1\!r. RANDALL. Does it give any right to bring in an :1dditional the Government of the United States, bearing the official signature of bill of expenses Y a member o:f either House of Congress, shall pass through the mails 1\fr. POLAND. It does not. free of charge, from the date of the passage of the act until the 1st day of Ju1y, 1874. 1\Ir. HOLMA.t.~. I object to the resolution. Mr. YOUNG, of Georgia. I desire to say that there is a great deal l\h'. POLAND. I move to suspend the rules. of printed matter now around this Capitol and in the Departments, The SPEAKER. The gentlemanfromMassachnsetts [Mr. HOOPER] and a great many public documents-- ];Las the floor for that purpose. - Several :M:.El\IBE.RS objected to debate. . THE NATIONAL BOARD OF TRADE. 1\!r. YOUNG, of Georgia. Then I insist on my motion to suspend J\.Ir. GARFIELD. I ask unanimous consent to present a memorial the rules and pass the bill. of the National Board of Trade, and that it be printed in the Co:x :Mr. WILLARD, of Vermont. On that motion I call for the yeas GRESSIONAL RECORD. and nays. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. RANDALL. Is it not in order to say that the Committee on Memorialof theNational Board of Trade to the honorable the Senate and House the Post-Office and Post-Roa.ds-- of Representatives of the United States, in Congress assembled. :Mr. YOUNG, of Georgi:1. I object to debate. Mr. GARFIELD. I ask that it be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL The yeas and nays were ordered. RECORD, and be referred to the Committee on Banking and Cur Mr. YOUNG, of Georgia. I wou1d like to ask unanimous consent rency. for my friend from Pennsylvania [Mr. PACKER] to report a bill from lt!r. KILLINGER. I object to the printing in the CONGRESSIO~A:L tbe Committee on the-Post-Office and Post-Roads instead of the bill RECORD. There are hundreds of documents of the same character, I offer. and if they all be printed in the Co~GRESSIO~AL REcoRD there will Mr. WILLARD, of Vermont. I object to that. be no end to it. The question WM taken; and there were-yeas 135, nays 98, not The SPEAKER. If there be no objection it will be referred to the voting 53 ; as follows : Committee on Banking and Currency. . YEA.S-Messrs. .Adams, .Albert, Arthur. .A.she, Book, Bell, Blount, Bright, Buck· There was no objection, and it was ordered accordingly. ner, Burleigh, Roderick R. Butler, Cain, Caldwell, Cessna~.,.Clymer, Comingo, Cor 1\!r. G. F. HOAR. Does it require unanimous consent, Mr. Speaker, win, Crutchfield, Davis, De Witt, Donnan, Eldredo-e, Giduings, Hancock, Henry R. Harri~, Havens, Hays, Hereford, Herndon, Houg£.ton, Howe, KendalL Killinger, to print as a part of the proceedings what has been rood V Knapp, Lamar, Leach, Lofland, Marshall, Maynard, Milliken, .Mills, Moore, Morey. · The SPEAKER. Only the title was read, and that will be printed Morri on, Negley, Nesmith, Nunn, O'Brien, lsa,ac C. Parker, Perry, James H. in the REcoRD. Everything transpiring publicly at the Clerk's desk Platt, jr., Purman, Rawls, Ray, Read, Robbins, Sener, Sheats, Sloss, George L, goes, of course, into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. Smith, H. Boardman Smith, Southard, Speer, Todd, Vance, Wallace, Whitehead, 'Villiam Willimns, Willie, John D. Young, and Pierce M. B. Youn... -71. DIPROPER USE OF OUR FLAG. NAYS-Me rs . .Albright, .A.rr.her,.A.verill, Bannin!!:. Barrera, Bass,"Beo-ola,..Berry, Biery,Bla.nd, Bowen, Bra:dley, Bromberg, Brown, BUffin ton, Bundy, Burchard, Bur· Mr. BUTLER, of Massa-chusetts. I ask unanimous consent to sub rows, Benjamin F. Butler, C:mnon, Cason, JobnB. Clark, jr. l<'reemanClarke, Clay mit the following resolution. ton, Clements, Clinton L. Cobb, Stephen A. Cobb, Coburn, Cook, Crittenden, Crock The Cle:rk read a-s follows : er, Crooke. Crossland, Crounse, Curtis, Damord, Dan-all, Dawes, Dobbins, Dunnell, Resolved, That the Judiciary Committee of the House be directed to inquire and Durham, Eames, Eden, Elliott, Field, Foster, Freeman, Frye, Garfield, Glover, report whether nnder existing laws, the courts of the United States have adequate Gooch, Gunckel, Eu~ene Hale, RobertS. Hale, Hamilton, Benjamin W. Harris, jurisdiction and authority to prevent and punish the improper use of the flag and John T. Harris Harrison, Hatcher, Hathorn, John B. Hawley, J~seph R. Hawley-, Gerry W. Hazclton, John W. Hazelton. Hendee HPrsey, George F. Roar, Hohnan, national character of the United States on board merchant vessels upon the hl~h seas or in forei~ ports; and, furthermore, to inquire and report if any, and if so, Hooper, Hoskins, Hubbell, Hunter, Hurlbut, H:vde, Jewett, Kasson, Kelley, Kellogg, what, additionru. leo"islation by Congress is expedient or necessary to punish persons Lamison, Lampor-t~ Lawrence, Loughridge, Lownde L:vnch, Martin, McCr~, who fraudulently o~in, or illegally use, marine documents creating ve sels of the Alexander S. McDill, James W. McDill, .MacDoug_all, .Mckee, McNult.a, Mellish, United States, and to punish officers of the Government who careles8ly or corruptly Merriam, Monroe, Neal, O'Neill, Orth, Packa-rd, J:'a{)ker, Pat;e, Ho ea. W. Parker, issue such documents; and also to inquire and report if any, and what, legislation Parson , Pelham, Pendleton, Phelps~_ Pierce, Thomas C. Platt, Poland, Potter, Pratt, Rainey, Randall, R.apier, Rice, .ttichmond, Ellis H. Roberts, James C. Robin· is needed to enable military, naval, or consular officers of this Government to seiztl son, Rusk, Sawyer, Henrv B. Sayler, Milton Sayler, John G. Schumaker, Scofield, on the high seas or in foreign :r;>orts vessels illegall:y assuming an American national Henry J. Scudtler, lsaao "\V. Scuiider, Sessions, herwo2d, Lazarus D. Shoemaker, cha.racter and to send them wtthin a judicial distrtet for adjudication. Sm:ill, .Smart, .A.. Herr S.mit4, John Q. Smith, Sprague, S'tanard, Standeford, Stark· Mr. COX. That looks like a reflection upon the Administration. weather, Stone Storm, Stowell Strait, Strawbridge, Thornburgh, Townsend, Tyner, Mr. BUTLER, of Massachusetts. I am very sorry. Waddell, Wal(kon. Jasper D. 'Vanl, MarcusL. Ward, Wells, "Wheeler, Whitthorne, Wilber, Charles W. Willard, George Willard, Charles G. Williams, John M. S. :Mr. COX. I make no objection to its reference, but am opposed to Williams, Wil.l.i..:un B. Williams, James W'llson, J eremia.h M. Wilson, Wolfe, and passing on the subject now. · Woodworth-16L The resolution was adopted. NOT VOTING-Messrs. .Atkins, B!lrber, Barnum, Barry, Amos Clark, jr., Con· :rer, Cotton, Cox, Creamer, Duell, Farwell, Fort, Harmer, E. Rockwood Hoar, NATHANIEL M'KAY. Hunton, Hynes Lansing, Lawson, Lewis, Lowe, Luttrell, Magee, McJunkin, Mr. MELLISH, by unanimous. consent, introduced a bill (H. R. No. McLean, .Mitchcll. Myers, Niblack, Niles, On-, Phillips, Pike, Ransier, William R. Roberts James W. Robinson, ROl s, Shanks, Sheldon, J . .Ambler Smith, William .A.. 1381) for the relief of Nathaniel McKay; which was read a first and Smith, Snyder, Stephens, St. John, Swann, Sypher, Taylor, Thomas, Tremain, second time, referred to the Committee on War Claims, and ordered Walls, White, Whitehouse, Whiteley Ephrlam K. Wilson, Wood, and Wood to be printed. ford-54. COINAGE FOR FOREIGN COUNTRIES. So, two-thirds not voting in f:1vor thereof, the rules were not sus Mr. HOOPER. I move to suspend the rules for the _purpose of report pended. ina from the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures a bill l\lr. BUTLER, of Massachu"setts, (wb'en his name was called,) said: (R R. No. 1382) authorizing coinage to be executed at the mints of I vote "no," because the bill does not go far enough. [Laughter.] the United State& for foreign countries, and passing it at this time. The resUlt of the vote was announced as above stated. · The bill, which was reaJ, provides that it shall be lawful for coinage to be executed at the mints of the United States for any forei...,n coun DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. try applying for the same, according to the legally prescribed stand Mr. POLAND. I ask unanimous consent to submit the following ards aud devices of such country, under such regulations as the Sec resolution : retary of the Treasury may prescribe ; and the charge for the same Whereas large expenditures of money are annually made at the n:ttional capital, shall be equal to the expense thereof, including. labor and materials not only for the erection and enlargement of publio buildino-s and the care of the and use of machinery to be fixed by the Director of the Mint, with pul.Jlic grounds, bnt also large appropriations have been mad'e to aid in carrying on the approyal of the Secretary of the Treasury ; provided the manu co tly improvements of streets -and avenues therein ; and whereas the Pre idtmt of the United Sta.tos has, in his annual message to Congress recommended further facturing of such coin shall not interfere with the required coinage appropriations to aid the completion of said improvements, La ed, it is believed, in of the United States. part upon tho assumption thn.t the said District of Columbia sustained certain pe Mr. HOOPER. Mr. Speaker, the object of the bill simply is to con culiar relations to the General Government, and that certain le~al and equitable tinue and extend the present market for our silver production, which obligation were assumetl by the General Government in consideration of the ces· sion in fee of a. large portion of said Dllitcict to the United t;tatcs: Thertfore, has been and still is so rapidly increasing. And in this connection I Ba it resolved, That the Committee ou tho Judiciary be, ana they are hereby, ask the Clerk to read a portion of a proclamation of the Chinese instructed to inquire into and report to the Houso the fact relating to the cession Empire. of the Dllitrict of Columbia. by the States of .Maryland and Virginia., aml the title Mr. BUTLER, of 1\Iassachusetts. Is-it printed in Chinese Y [Laugh to the lands embraced in said Di. trict deeded to the United States by private citi zens; the amount and valun-of the real property antl improvements tliereon owned ter.l by the United States in said District, anti by what title it is held; the extent of Mr. HOOPER. I ask the Clerk to read from a translation. 1874. CONGRWJSSIONAL. RECORD. 769 The Clerk read as follows: RELIEF OF AR:\fV OFFICERs:" [Translation. J Mr. SHANKS, by hnanim.oua consent, introduced a bill (H. R. No. PROCLAMATION • 1384) amendatoryofjoint resolution for the relief of certain officers of .Ju.i, grand secremry of the W eii. hau tien, president of the board of war, and gov the Army, approved July 26, 1866; which was read a first and second ernor-general of the Two Kuang Provinces; Chang, vice-president of the board time, referred to the Committee on Military Affairs, and ordered to be of war, and ~overnor of Kwang Tong; Weii, superintendent of customs for the Canton Provmces, issue a proclamation for general infol'llla.tion: printed. • Whereas, there has lately come to Hong-Kong a newly-coined American e~le DOCUl\:lENTS FOR COMMITTEE ON MINES AND 1\n:NING. dollar, called the "trade dollar," and Sir Brooke Robertson the British consul hav ing requested that officers might be appointed to assay it, the viceroy and h;;Ikwan llr. KENDALL. I ask unanimoua consent to slibrilit the following thereupon appointed officers to melt it down and assay it, in concert with an officer resolution, for pre ent consideration. It is a- resolution to which I from the British consulate, when, taking the h..1.ikwan fael of pure silver as the think there will be no objection whatever. standard, an outturn wa obtained of frilly 89.61; or taels 111.6 of this new eagle The Cler.k read as follows : dollar are equal to 100 haikwan taels of pure silver. Minutes of the ass..'ly were drawn up in proof thereof: .Resolved, That the superintendent of the folding-room be authorized and requested This proclamation, therefore, is for· the information of you merchants, traders, to frrrnish to the chairman of the Committee on Mines. nd Mining full ets of the soldiers, and people of every district. You must know that the "eagle trade dol following reports and documents, to wit: Reports of the Commissioner of the General lar" that has lately come to Hong-Kong has been jointly a sayed by officers spe ~and O~c e; a com]?~tion of minera~-~d law~ ~ow in fon:e1 together with the cjally appointed for the purpose, and it can be taken in payment of duties, and come mstructions and dems1ons thereon; Mining_ Statistics and Mining Resources west into general circulation. You must not look upon it Wlth suspicion. At the same of the Rocky Mormto:i.ns ; and Reports of Explorations by Messrs. King, Ha-:yden time rogues, sharper8, and the like are hereby strictly forbidden to fabricate spu Powell, and Wheeler ; said reports and documents to be kept in the co:m.mitteC: rious imitations of this new eagle dollar, with a view to their own profit. And room of said committee for the use of the members thereof. should they dare to set this prohibition at defiance, and fabricate false coin, they !Ir. SPEER. Are these dociunents alieady published f shaJJ. upon discovery most assuredly be arrested and punished. Let every one obey with trembling! Let there be nodi obedience! . Mr. KENDALL. I move th.."ltt the rules be suapended and that the A special proclamation. Tung Chih 12th year, 9th moon,- day, (October, 1873.) resolution be adopted. The documents asked for are simply books for reference by our committee. . . Mr. HOOPER. It will be seen from what the Clerlr has read there . Mr. HOLMAN. Are they_already printed f • is likely' to be a great demand, in the Chinese Empire especially, for I!Ir. KENDALL. They are all printed. It is necessary to have a - the "trade dollar," which was authorized by the law passed at the resolution of.. this sort adopted by the Houae in order that they mn.y last se ion of Congress, resulting, of course, in larger consumption be furnished to the chairman or the clerk of the committee. of the silver production of our growing Western St_ates ai:id Terri Mr. PLATT, of Virginia. Are there any of those documents now in tories. The bill is a beneficial measure for our commercial and mining the folding-room, except those belc;mging to members, and will this interests, and ought to be paMed at once. . resolution involve additional expense f Mr. HOLMAN. I would inquire whether this bill is recommended ~Ir. KENDALL. I made in J 770 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. JANUARY 19, Mr. BUNDY. .And also the Speaker's room. Also, the petition cf citizens of Cleveland, Tenne e, for such en The SPEAKER. The Chair presumes that nobody would do that. forcement of the fourteenth amendment to the Con titution a-s will Mr. DAWES: I presume there is no serious objection to the resolu- prevent the States from infringing upon the rights of citizens of the tion. It does not affect the smoking-room proper, bu~ only the pas United State . · sage-ways. Al o, several petitions of citizens of Massachusett , for the appoint No further objection being made, t.he resolution was considered and ment of a commission of inquiry concerning the liquor traffic-Com agreed to. mittee on the Judiciary. ENROLLED BILL SIGNED. By Mr. CHAFFEE : Several petitions of citizens of the Territory of Mr. DARRALL, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported that Colorado, for the pas age of an act to enable the people of Colorado the commit~e had exanrined and found truly enrolled n. bill (H. R. to form a State government and be ·admitted to the Union- Commit No. 718) to amend the act entitled" .An act making appropriations tee on the Territories. for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year end Also, several petitions of citizens of Colorado, asking that the ing June 30, 1874, and for other purposes," approved March 3, 1873, branch mint at Denver be put upon :1 coinage basis-Committee on when the Speaker signed the same. CoinaO'e, WeiO'ht, and Measures. Mr. KILLINGER. I now move that the House adjourn, and shall By ltlr. cB:lPMA.N : The petition of Sara J. Spencer and others for insist upon that motion. the extension to women of the;:ight of uffrage in the District of' Co The que tion was put, and on a division there were-ayes 72, noes 74. lumbiar-Committee on the Judimary. Mr. YOUNG, of Georgia. I call for tellers. By Mr. CLARKE, of New York: The petition of one-armed sol Tellers were ordered; and Mr. Kll.uNGER, and Mr. YoUNG of Georgia, diers, of l\Ionroe County, New York, f6r the allowance of the same were appointed. rate of pension to soldiers who have lost an arm above the elbow The House divided, and the tellers reported-ayes 98, noes 73. a-s to oldiers who have lost a leg above the knee-Committee on In Mr. PLAT!', of Virginia. I call for the yeas and nays. valid Pen ions. The yeas and nays were ordered, 44 members voting therefor. By Mr. CLAYTON: Resolutions of the ~oi.slature of California for The question wa taken, and there were-yeas"124, nays 95, not the establishment of certain post-routes in '-Ja.liforniar-Committee on the Pot-Office and Post-Roads. voting 67; aB follows: Also, the remonstrance of Francis Avery, president of the Pacific YEAS-Messrs. Archer, Ashe, Barber, Barrera, Be-ck, Be~ole.,.,Bell,Berryt..Blount, Bowen,· Brown, Buckner, Bufiinton, Burchard, Cain, Calowe.u, Ce na, tJohn B. Borax Company, !tgainst an increa-se in duty on borax and boracic Cln:rk, jr., Clements, Clymer, Stephen A. Cobb, Comingo, Cox, Crittenden, Cross acid-Committee on Ways and Means. land, Ci-ounse, Davis Dawes De Witt, Donnan, Durham, Eames, Eden, Eldredge, . ~o, the :emonstrance of the Santa . Clara Woman Suffrage As o Foster, Garfield, Giddfugs, Glover, Gooch, Gunckel, Eugene Hale, Robert S. Hale, Hamilton, Henry R. Harris, Harrison, Hatcher, Havens, John B. Hawley, Joseph c~ati?n, agam..st the passage of the Utah bill- Committee on the Ter- R. Hawley, Gerry W. Hazelton, Hereford, Herndon, George F. Hoar, Holman, ntories. · Hubbell, Hurlbut, Jewett, Ka on, Kellogg, Killinger, Lamar, Lamison, Lawrence, By Mr. COBURN : The petition of Mary S. Moore, for a. pension Lofi.and, Lowe, Luttrell, Lynch, Martin, McCrary, James W. McDill, MacDougall, Qommittee on In valid Pensions. McKee, Milliken, Moore, Neal, Neo-ley, Niblack, Orr, Orth Pa{)kard, Hosea W. Parker, Parsons, Pendleton, Phelps,"Poland, Potter, Purman, R.andall, Rawls, Read, .Also, the memorial of citizens of Indianapolis, in relation to the Robbins, Ellis H. Robert.New York City, for the Bromberg, Bundy, Burleigh, Burrows, Benjamin F. Butler, Roderick R Butler, appomtment of a comnus 1on of mqm.ry concerning the liquor traf Cannon, Cason, Clavton, Clinton L. Cobb, Coburn, Corwin, Cotton, Crooker, Crooke, fic-Committee on the Judiciary. Crutchfield, Danford, Dobbins, Dunnell, Elliott, Field, Frye, Hancock, Benjamin W. Harri , John T. Harris, Hathorn, Hays, John W. Hazelton, Hendee, Hoskins, Also, the memorial of the National Board of Trade in relation to Houghton, Hunter, Hyde, Hynes, Kelley, Lamport, Leach, ~lfshridge, Lowndes, the customs laws of the United States-Committee' on Ways and Maynru-d, AlexanderS. McDill, M.cNulta, Mellish, Merriam, · , Monroe, Morey, Means. Morrison, O'Neill, Packer, Paae, Isaac C. Parker, Perry, Pierce, James H. Platt, .Also, the memorial of the National Board of Trade in relation to jr., Thomas C. Platt, Rainey, 'Ransier, Ray, Rice, Richmond, Rusk, SaWYer, Henry B. Sayler, Isaac W. Scudder, Sener;.. S ssions, Sherwood, Lazarus D. Shoemaker, an international commission concerning ocean track 'of inward and Smart, .A. Herr Smith, H. Boardman ;:)mith, J. Ambler Smith, Speer, Sprague, Stark outward bound vessels-Committee on Commerce. weather, Strait, Strawbridge, Thornburgh, Townsend, Walla.c!lt. Jasper D. Ward~ By Mr. CROCKER : The petition of citizens of Warwick Massa Marcus L . Ward, George Willard, Charles G. Williams, John .M.. S. Williams, ana chusetts, for the prepayment of postage on all printed matte~-Com Jame Wilson- 95. NOT VOTING-Messrs. .Adams, Atkins, Bannin"', Barnum, Barry, Bland, Amos mittee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Clark, Jr., Freeman Clarke, Conger, Cook, Creamer, 5urtis, Darrall, Duell, Farwell, A~o, the petit<;i.o~ of Roger N. Leavitt an~ others, for increase of Fort, Freeman, Harmer, Hersey, E. Rockwood Hoar, Hooper, Howe, Hunton, Ken pens10n to surVIVIng soldiers of the revolutiOnary war-Committee dall, Knapp, Lansing, Lawson, Lewi~ Magee, Marshall, .McJunkin, McLean,Mi.t{)h on Revolutionary Pensions and War of 1812. ell, Mye' Nesmith, Niles, Nuun, 0 Brien, Pelham, Phillips, Pike, Pratt, Rapier, WilliamR. Roberts, .Tames W. Robinson, Ross, John G. Schumaker, Hency.T. Scud By Mr. FIELD: The petition of John Haley, for a pension- Com der, Sheats, Sheldon, Small, GeorgeL. Smith, William .A. Smith~~deford , Stephens, mittee on Invalid P~nsions. St. John, Sypher, Thoma , Tremain, Waldron, Walls, White, w nitehouse, Ephraim Also, the petition of the ~overnor of Michigan and other ,jor the K. Wilson, Wood, Woodford, and Woodwortb-67. improvement of Detroit River- Committee on Commerce. Mr. DURHAM. I desire to state that my colleague, 1\Ir. ST.ANDK .Also, the petition of B. F . Morton, for an American register to the FORD, haB been called to New York on important business. schooner George Warren-Committee on Commerce. So the motion was agreed to; and (at three o'clock and thirty min By 1\Ir. FOSTER: The petition of Louisa Eldis, for compensation utes p.m.) the House adjourned. for damage to and occupation of her property by lJnited States troop -Committee on War Claims. By Mr. GARFIELD : The memorial of theNational Board of Tl:ade PETITIONS, ETC. in relation to currency and banking- Committee on Banking and The following memorials, petitions, and other papers were laid on CUirency. · the Clerk's desk under the rule, and referred as follows: . By Mr. HARRIS, of Virginia': The memorial of Ezra Burtne:£, of By Mr: ARCHER : The petition of William D. Morrison, for a pen Washington County, Maryland, praying compensation for supplies sion-Committee on Invalid Pensions. taken by the Union Army and losses sustained during the rebellion By Mr. BARRERE : The petition of Jo eph W . Parrish & Co., for Committee on War Claims. compensation for the use by the United States of the barge Ward By Mr. HATCHER : A paper relating to the establishment of a Committee on War Claims. post-route from Gatewood, in 1\Iissouri, to Pocahontas, in Arkansas By Mr. BEGOLE : The petition of Theodore Shatlon and others, of Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Michigan, for a mod.i:fication of existing laws in regard to bounty By Mr. HATHORN : A paper relating to the establishment of a lands-Committee on the Public Lands. post-rout,e from Greenwich tc;> Schuylerville, in the State of New By 1\Ir. BRADLEY: The petition of citizens of Michigan, for there York- Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. · · peal of the stamp tax on medicinal preparations- Committee on Ways By Mr. HAYS : The petition of citizens of Sumter and Pickens and Means. Countie , Alabama, for the establishment of a post-route-Committee .Also, a paper reillting to the establishment of a post-route from on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. \ Farwell to Sherman City, in the State of Michigan- Committee on the By Mr. HEREFORD : The petition of Alleghany College, We t Pot-Office and Post-Roads. Viminia, for relief-Committee on War Claims. By Mr. BUNDY: The petition of James Beaty, for a pension- Com- Al o, everal petitions of citizens of West Vir~inia, for the relief mittee on Invalid Pensions. · of the Nashville Methodist publishing house-'-Jommittee on War By 1\ir. BUTLER, of l\IaBSaChusetts: The petition of J o eph W. ClaiiilR. Green and other·, who served in private armed v els in the war of By Mr. HOUGHTON: The memorial of the Chamber of Commerce 1812, for pensions-Committee on Revolutionary Pensions and War of Lo A.lmeles, California, relative to duties on foreign fruits-Com ~llim . mittee on Ways and Mean. Also, the petition of Annie Watson, for compen ation for ufferings Also, the memorial of the same body, relative to the harbor of Wil and hardships endured as nurse during the late rebellion-Committee mington, Californiar-Committee on Commerce. on War C1aims. By 1\Ir. HUNTON: The petition of the trustees of the Methodist CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 771 Episcopal church, of Alexandria, Virginia, for payment for war dam IN SENATE. .ag -Committee on War Claims. Also, the petition of citizens of Frederick County, Virginia, for TUESDAY, January 20, 1874. compensation for the destruction, by order of General Hunter, of the Methodist par onage in said county-Committee on War Claim . Prn,yer by the Chaplain, Rev. BYRON Sm'1>ERLAND, D. D. By Mr. LOWNDES: The petition of E. S. Zevly, for relief-Com The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and appro-ved. mittee on the Judiciary. , CREDE.."''TIA.LS. . Dy Mr. LUTTRELL: Resolutions of the Santa Clara Woman Suf Mr. SHERMAN presented the credentials of Hon. ALLEN G. THUR fra~.e As ociation, in relation to the Utah bill- Committee on ~he MAN, chosen by the Legislature of Ohio a Senator from that State J ua.iciary. for the term beginning March 4, 1875; which were read, and ordered Al o, a paper relating to the establishment of a post-route from to be filed. Mi