Gulags in Soviet Union – Jews Run Camps Used for Extermination of Christians
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Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
The Totalitarian System in the USSR
The totalitarian system in the USSR The totalitarian system in the USSR Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Bibliografia: Jurij Drużnikow, Rozejrzyjcie się dzieci...., 2000. Aleksandr Sołżenicyn, Archipelag Gułag, t. III, tłum. Jerzy Pomianowski, Warszawa 1990, s. 247–248. Włodzimierz Lenin. The totalitarian system in the USSR Lines for free bread in Kharkiv Source: domena publiczna. Link to the lesson You will learn about the circumstances in which Stalin came to power and the history of the Red Terror; about the changes in the political, social and economic life of the USSR after Stalin came to power, including the industrialisation of the country, collectivisation of the agricultural sector and its outcomes (the Holomodor), and the Great Purge; about the characteristics of the totalitarian system. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu The founder of the Soviet state was Lenin, who established its ideological foundations and made it possible for the Bolsheviks to come to power and strengthen their rule in the country. After Lenin’s death in 1924, Stalin started gradually and silently changing the party structures, and filled significant positions with people loyal to him. Having eliminated his most dangerous opponent (Leon Trotsky), Stalin started taking actions which allowed him to assume full power in 1929. Stalin preached that with the development of communism, the number of class enemies increases, and staying faithful to his theory, he killed everyone who raised the slightest doubt. Terror became the foundation of Stalin’s unlimited power and allowed him to create one of the most sinister systems in the world. -
State-Sponsored Violence in the Soviet Union: Skeletal Trauma and Burial Organization in a Post-World War Ii Lithuanian Sample
STATE-SPONSORED VIOLENCE IN THE SOVIET UNION: SKELETAL TRAUMA AND BURIAL ORGANIZATION IN A POST-WORLD WAR II LITHUANIAN SAMPLE By Catherine Elizabeth Bird A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Anthropology- Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ABSTRACT STATE-SPONSORED VIOLENCE IN THE SOVIET UNION: SKELETAL TRAUMA AND BURIAL ORGANIZATION IN A POST WORLD WAR II LITHUANIAN SAMPLE By Catherine Elizabeth Bird The Stalinist period represented one of the worst eras of human rights abuse in the Soviet Union. This dissertation investigates both the victims and perpetrators of violence in the Soviet Union during the Stalinist period through a site specific and regional evaluation of burial treatment and perimortem trauma. Specifically, it compares burial treatment and perimortem trauma in a sample (n = 155) of prisoners executed in the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (L.S.S.R.) by the Soviet security apparatus from 1944 to 1947, known as the Tuskulenai case. Skeletal and mortuary variables are compared both over time and between security personnel in the Tuskulenai case. However, the Tuskulenai case does not represent an isolated event. Numerous other sites of state-sponsored violence are well known. In order to understand the temporal and geographical distribution of Soviet violence, this study subsequently compares burial treatment and perimortem trauma observed in the Tuskulenai case to data published in site reports for three other cases of Soviet state-sponsored violence (Vinnytsia, Katyn, and Rainiai). This dissertation discusses state-sponsored violence in the Soviet Union in the context of social and political theory advocated by Max Weber and within a principal-agent framework. -
Historically Inevitable?
HISTORICALLY INEVITABLE? TURNING POINTS OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Edited by TONY BRENTON PROFILE BOOKS Historically Inevitable.indd 3 28/04/2016 13:26 First published in Great Britain in 2016 by PROFILE BOOKS LTD 3 Holford Yard Bevin Way London wc1x 9hd www.profilebooks.com Text copyright © Profile Books Ltd, 2016 Selection copyright © Tony Brenton, 2016 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Clays, St Ives plc Typeset in Arno by MacGuru Ltd The moral right of the author has been asserted. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978 1 78125 021 1 eISBN 978 1 84765 859 3 Historically Inevitable.indd 4 28/04/2016 13:26 CONTENTS A Note to the Reader ix Chronology x Acknowledgements xvii Map xviii Introduction Tony Brenton 1 1 1900–1920 Foreign intervention: The long view Dominic Lieven 11 2 September 1911 The assassination of Stolypin Simon Dixon 29 3 June 1914 Grigory Rasputin and the outbreak of the First World War Douglas Smith 48 4 March 1917 The last Tsar Donald Crawford 66 5 April–July 1917 Enter Lenin Sean McMeekin 91 6 August 1917 The Kornilov affair: A tragedy of errors Richard Pipes 109 7 October 1917 The ‘harmless drunk’: Lenin and the October insurrection Orlando Figes 123 Historically Inevitable.indd 7 28/04/2016 13:26 8 January 1918 The short life and early death of Russian democracy: The Duma and the Constituent Assembly Tony Brenton 142 9 July 1918 Rescuing the Tsar and his family Edvard Radzinsky 163 10 August 1918 Fanny Kaplan’s attempt to kill Lenin Martin Sixsmith 178 11 November 1918 Sea change in the Civil War Evan Mawdsley 200 12 March 1920 The fate of the Soviet countryside Erik C. -
H-Diplo Roundtables, Vol. XIV, No. 28
2013 Roundtable Editors: Thomas Maddux and Diane H-Diplo Labrosse Roundtable Web/Production Editor: George Fujii H-Diplo Roundtable Review Commissioned for H-Diplo by Thomas Maddux www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables Volume XIV, No. 28 (2013) Introduction by Donal O’Sullivan, California State 22 April 2013 University Northridge Geoffrey Roberts. Molotov: Stalin’s Cold Warrior. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2011. ISBN: 978-1-57488-945-1 (cloth, $29.95). Stable URL: http://www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables/PDF/Roundtable-XIV-28.pdf Contents Introduction by Donal O’Sullivan, California State University Northridge ............................... 2 Review by Alexei Filitov, Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences ................ 5 Review by Jonathan Haslam, Cambridge University ................................................................ 8 Review by Jochen Laufer, Potsdamer Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung ...................... 13 Review by Wilfried Loth, University of Duisburg-Essen .......................................................... 18 Author’s Response by Geoffrey Roberts, University College Cork Ireland ............................. 21 Copyright © 2013 H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for non-profit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author(s), web location, date of publication, H-Diplo, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For other uses, contact the H-Diplo editorial staff at [email protected]. H-Diplo Roundtable Reviews, Vol. XIV, No. 28 (2013) Introduction by Donal O’Sullivan, California State University Northridge emarkably, until recently Joseph Stalin’s closest aide, Vyacheslav Molotov, has rarely been the subject of serious scholarly interest. Geoffrey Roberts was one of the first R to see Molotov’s files. -
'Krym Nash': an Analysis of Modern Russian Deception Warfare
‘Krym Nash’: An Analysis of Modern Russian Deception Warfare ‘De Krim is van ons’ Een analyse van hedendaagse Russische wijze van oorlogvoeren – inmenging door misleiding (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. H.R.B.M. Kummeling, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 16 december 2020 des middags te 12.45 uur door Albert Johan Hendrik Bouwmeester geboren op 25 mei 1962 te Enschede Promotoren: Prof. dr. B.G.J. de Graaff Prof. dr. P.A.L. Ducheine Dit proefschrift werd mede mogelijk gemaakt met financiële steun van het ministerie van Defensie. ii Table of contents Table of contents .................................................................................................. iii List of abbreviations ............................................................................................ vii Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................................... vii Country codes .................................................................................................................................................... ix American State Codes ....................................................................................................................................... ix List of figures ...................................................................................................... -
Stalin's Baku Curve: a Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution
Stalin’s Baku Curve: A Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution by Fuad Akhundov A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education Leadership Higher and Adult Education, OISE University of Toronto © Copyright by Fuad Akhundov 2016 Stalin’s Baku Curve: A Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution Fuad Akhundov Master of Arts in Education Leadership Higher and Adult Education, OISE University of Toronto 2016 Abstract The Stalin’s Baku Curve, a Detonating Mix of Crime and Revolution presents a brief insight into the early period of activities of one of the most ominous political figures of the 20th century – Joseph Stalin. The major emphasis of the work is made on Stalin’s period in Baku in 1902-1910. A rapidly growing industrial hub providing almost half of the world’s crude oil, Baku was in the meantime a brewery of revolutionary ideas. Heavily imbued with crime, corruption and ethnic tensions, the whole environment provided an excellent opportunity for Stalin to undergo his “revolutionary universities” through extortion, racketeering, revolutionary propaganda and substantial incarceration in Baku’s famous Bailov prison. Along with this, the Baku period brought Stalin into close contact with the then Russian secret police, Okhranka. This left an indelible imprint on Stalin’s character and ruling style as an irremovable leader of the Soviet empire for almost three decades. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work became possible due to the tremendous input of several scholars whom I want to hereby recognize. The first person I owe the paper Stalin’s Baku Curve, a Detonating Mix of Crime and Revolution to is Simon Sebag Montefiore, an indefatigable researcher of former Soviet and pre-Soviet history whom I had a pleasure of working with in Baku back in 1995. -
Russias Wars in Chechnya 1994-2009 Free
FREE RUSSIAS WARS IN CHECHNYA 1994-2009 PDF Mark Galeotti | 96 pages | 09 Dec 2014 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781782002772 | English | Osprey, United Kingdom Russia’s Wars in Chechnya – - Osprey Publishing In this fully illustrated book an expert on the conflicts traces the progress of the wars in Chechnya, from the initial Russian advance through to urban battles such as Grozny, and the prolonged guerrilla warfare in the mountainous regions. Russias Wars in Chechnya 1994-2009 assesses how the wars have torn apart the fabric of Chechen society and their impact on Russia itself. Featuring specially drawn full-colour mapping and drawing upon a wide range of sources, this succinct account explains the origins, history and consequences of Russia's wars in Chechnya, shedding new light on the history — and prospects — of the troubled region. These are the stories of low-level guerrilla combat as told by the survivors. They cover fighting from the cities of Grozny and Argun to the villages of Bamut and Serzhen-yurt, and finally the hills, river valleys and mountains that make up so much of Chechnya. The author embedded with Chechen guerrilla forces and knows the conflict, country and culture. Yet, as a Western outsider, he is able to maintain perspective and objectivity. He traveled extensively to interview Chechen former combatants now displaced, some now in hiding or on the run from Russian retribution and justice. The book is organized into vignettes that provide insight on the nature of both Chechen and Russian tactics utilized during the two wars. They show the chronic problem of guerrilla logistics, the necessity of digging in fighting positions, the value of the correct use of terrain and the price paid in individual discipline and unit cohesion when guerrillas are not bound by a military code and law. -
The Treason Case Summed Up
1 The Treason Case Summed Up By Andrey Vyshinsky murderers, spies, wreckers and The criminal activities of Bukharin diversionists, without ideology or and his fellow traitors as summarized principles. This is a band of criminals by the Soviet Prosecutor at the session who sold themselves to the intelligence of the Military Collegium of the services of our enemies. Supreme Court of the USSR on March 11. The so-called “Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites” is an organization for From Soviet Russia Today, April 1938 espionage, diversions, wrecking Vol. 7 No. 2 activities and political assassinations, a bloc for the sale of the Fatherland. Transcribed by Red Flag Magazine This is the first time that our court has Agents of Fascism had to try a case of such crimes and such misdeeds as those that have passed This anti-Soviet “Bloc of Rights and before the eyes of this court, of such Trotskyites” constitutes an agency of criminals as these defendants. foreign intelligence services. The members of the Bloc and its leaders, like Before us has been unfolded a chain of Trotsky, Bukharin, Rykov, Yagoda, misdeeds which overshadow the vilest, Krestinsky, Rosenholtz, and its rank and the most abominable file members, like crimes. We have We have succeeded in tearing Zubarev, Maximov- succeeded in tearing from the faces of these miscreants Dikovsky and others, from the faces of these their perfidious masks, and have are the slaves of these miscreants their shown to our people, and to all intelligence perfidious masks, and honest men throughout the world, services—they are the have shown to our the bestial face of international slaves of their people, and to all honest brigands, the directing hand of masters. -
Romanov Buzz
Romanov News Новости Романовых By Paul Kulikovsky №78 October 2014 150 years since the birth of Holy Martyr Grand Duchess Elisabeth Feodorovna By Paul Kulikovsky Born on 1st of November (old style 20 October) 1864, Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Elisabeth Alexandra Louise Alice of Hessen and by Rhine, was the second child of Grand Duke Ludwig IV of Hessen and by Rhine and British Princess Alice. Through her mother, she was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Princess Alice chose the name "Elisabeth" for her daughter after visiting the shrine of St. Elisabeth of Hungary, ancestress of the House of Hessen. Elisabeth was known as "Ella" within her family. In the autumn of 1878, diphtheria swept through the Hessen household, killing Elisabeth's youngest sister, Marie on 16 November, as well as her mother Alice on 14 December. Elisabeth was considered by many contemporaries as one of the most beautiful women in Europe at that time. Many became infatuated with Elisabeth, but it was Russian Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich who ultimately won Elisabeth's heart. Sergei and Elisabeth married on 15 (3) June 1884, at the Chapel of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. She became Grand Duchess Elisabeth Feodorovna. “Everyone fell in love with her from the moment she came to Russia from her beloved Darmstadt”, wrote one of Sergei's cousins. The couple settled in the Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace in St. Petersburg, but after Sergei was appointed Governor-General of Moscow by his elder brother, Tsar Alexander III, in 1892, they resided in the Governor palace. During the summer, they stayed at Ilyinskoe, an estate outside Moscow that Sergei had inherited from his mother. -
The Russian Cinematic Culture
Russian Culture Center for Democratic Culture 2012 The Russian Cinematic Culture Oksana Bulgakova Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/russian_culture Part of the Film and Media Studies Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the Slavic Languages and Societies Commons Repository Citation Bulgakova, O. (2012). The Russian Cinematic Culture. In Dmitri N. Shalin, 1-37. Available at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/russian_culture/22 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Article in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Article has been accepted for inclusion in Russian Culture by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Russian Cinematic Culture Oksana Bulgakova The cinema has always been subject to keen scrutiny by Russia's rulers. As early as the beginning of this century Russia's last czar, Nikolai Romanov, attempted to nationalize this new and, in his view, threatening medium: "I have always insisted that these cinema-booths are dangerous institutions. Any number of bandits could commit God knows what crimes there, yet they say the people go in droves to watch all kinds of rubbish; I don't know what to do about these places." [1] The plan for a government monopoly over cinema, which would ensure control of production and consumption and thereby protect the Russian people from moral ruin, was passed along to the Duma not long before the February revolution of 1917. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/02/2021 07:23:58PM Via Free Access 152 MONIKA KARENIAUSKAITĖ
LITHUANIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES 20 2015 ISSN 1392-2343 PP. 151–182 THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN SOVIET RUSSIA AND THE USSR (1917–1953): EMERGENCE, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER TO THE LITHUANIAN SSR Monika Kareniauskaitė ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to analyse the Soviet definition of crime, the structure and logic of Soviet criminal law, and the system of criminal prosecution developed by the Bolsheviks after the October Rev- olution of 1917, consolidated during the NEP and collectivisation, and reformed by Stalin and Andrey Vyshinsky in the mid-1930s. The research also examines the impact that these concepts, ideas, institutions, legal norms and practices had on newly occupied Soviet colonies, focusing on the case of the LSSR. First of all, the research demonstrates that the main laws, institutions and actors in the Soviet criminal justice system which functioned until the mid-1950s without radical changes were invented and defined just after the Revolution, Civil War and NEP. Impacted by Marxist philosophy, by the traditional Russian peasant mentality and pre-revolutionary Bolshevik experiences, the early Bolshevik criminal justice system already had features which became crucial to the imple- mentation of Stalinist mass repressions. For instance, the criminal code of the RSFSR defined a crime as any act or omission dangerous to the Soviet order and state, but not as an act or omission prohibited by law – this was possible due to the ‘principle of analogy’. The criminal code of 1926, based on Bolshevik legal norms from the period of the Revolution and the Russian Civil War, was not replaced during the legal reform of the mid-1930s.