H-Diplo Roundtables, Vol. XIV, No. 28
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Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
The Totalitarian System in the USSR
The totalitarian system in the USSR The totalitarian system in the USSR Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Bibliografia: Jurij Drużnikow, Rozejrzyjcie się dzieci...., 2000. Aleksandr Sołżenicyn, Archipelag Gułag, t. III, tłum. Jerzy Pomianowski, Warszawa 1990, s. 247–248. Włodzimierz Lenin. The totalitarian system in the USSR Lines for free bread in Kharkiv Source: domena publiczna. Link to the lesson You will learn about the circumstances in which Stalin came to power and the history of the Red Terror; about the changes in the political, social and economic life of the USSR after Stalin came to power, including the industrialisation of the country, collectivisation of the agricultural sector and its outcomes (the Holomodor), and the Great Purge; about the characteristics of the totalitarian system. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu The founder of the Soviet state was Lenin, who established its ideological foundations and made it possible for the Bolsheviks to come to power and strengthen their rule in the country. After Lenin’s death in 1924, Stalin started gradually and silently changing the party structures, and filled significant positions with people loyal to him. Having eliminated his most dangerous opponent (Leon Trotsky), Stalin started taking actions which allowed him to assume full power in 1929. Stalin preached that with the development of communism, the number of class enemies increases, and staying faithful to his theory, he killed everyone who raised the slightest doubt. Terror became the foundation of Stalin’s unlimited power and allowed him to create one of the most sinister systems in the world. -
THE NEW STAGE of the SINO-SOVIET DISPUTE (October 1961 - January 1962) (Reference Title: ESAU XVII-62)
,- APPROVED.$OR RELEASE DATE: MAY 2007 I 26 February 1962 OCI No. 0361/62 Copy No. .,.-4 23 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE STAFF STUDY THE NEW STAGE OF THE SINO-SOVIET DISPUTE (October 1961 - January 1962) (Reference Title: ESAU XVII-62) I Office 03,Current Intelligence CENTM'd INTELLIGENCE AGENCY NTAINS INFORM T€E NEW STAGE OE THE SINO-SOVIET DISPUTE (October IXEl - January 1962) This is a working paper, our first systematic survey since spring 1961 of the Sino-Soviet dispute. This paper discusses the stage initiated by Khrushchev's new offensive at the 22nd CPSU Congress in October 1961, examines the forms of pressure on the Chinese still available to Khrushchev, and speculates on the possibility of' a Sino-Soviet break in the next year or so. We have had profitable discussions, on many of the mat- in this paper. wi umber of other analysts. I I: I I . THE NEW STAGE OF THE SINO-SOVIET DISPUTE Summary and Conclusions .................................... i I . THl3 BACKGROUND ....................................... 2 A . The "Personality Cult............................. 2 B . World Communist Strategy ......................... 3 C . Chinese Programs and Soviet Aid .................. 5 D . Authority & Discipline in the Movement ...........6 E . Soviet-Albanian Relations ........................ 7 I1 . DEVELOPMENTS AT TI# 22ND CPSU CONGRESS (October 1961) ..................................... 11 A; The "Personality Cult" Again .................... 11 B . Soviet Strategy Reaffirmed ......................13 C . Chinese Prograins Criticized. Soviet Aid Brandished ..................................... 16 D . Soviet Authority in Movement Reasserted .........18 111 . TO THE BREAK iVITH ALBANIA (November 1961) ........... 26 A . Soviet-Albanian Polemics ........................26 B . Chinese Support of Albania.. .................... 30 C . Soviet Warnings to China ........................ 34 I IV . PRESSURE AND RESISTANCE (December 1961) ............ -
I I I I I I I ISBN: 0-85964-482-0 I I I J :1 I I I TABLE of CONTENTS I PREFACE Iii
A R C H. I V E S 0 F T H E 'I SOVIET COMMUNIST PARTY AND SOVIET STATE I I I I I Catalogue of Finding Aids and Docun1ents I fro1n three kev•. : archives i on n1icrofihn I I Fourth edition: June 2004 I I Published jointly by Slate Archival Service Hoover Institution on vVar. I Revolution and Peace of Russi a CRo' sarkhi \ .·) I I Distributed b\· l CfJ.., CHA D\VYCK-llFALEY 1:~ I f 1· I I I I Fourth Edition: June 2004 I I I I I I I ISBN: 0-85964-482-0 I I I J :1 I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS I PREFACE iii I INTRODUCTION v I HOW TO USE THE CATALOGUE xiii HOW TO ORDER MICROFILM XIV I LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvii CENTRE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENTATION (TsKhSD) I [Renamed Russian State Archive of Contemporary History - RGANI] OPISI I FINDING AIDS SERIES 1 I DELA/DOCUMENTS SERIES 2 ~ I RUSSIAN CENTRE FOR THE PRESERVATION AND STUDY OF DOCUMENTS OF MOST RECENT HISTORY (RTsKhIDNI) I [Renamed Russian State Archive of Social and Political History - RGASPI] OPISI I FINDING AIDS SERIES 3 I DELA/ DOCUMENTS SERIES 10 STATE ARCHIVE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (GARF) I r-series [Collection held at Pirogovskaia Street] OPISI I FINDING AIDS SERIES 15 I DELA I DOCUMENTS SERIES 57 I STATE ARCHIVE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (GARF) a-series [Collection held at Berezhkovskaia Naberezhnaia] I OPISI I FINDING AIDS SERIES 69 I DELA I DOCUMENTS SERIES 89 I, I I I 111 I PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION I The State Archival Service of the Russian Federation (Rosarkhiv), the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, and Chadwyck-Healey concluded an agreement in April 1992 to I microfilm the records and opisi (finding aids) of the Communist Party of the fonner Soviet Union, as well as other selected holdings of the State Archives. -
Remembering George Kennan Does Not Mean Idolizing Him
UNITED STATES InsTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org SPECIAL REPORT 1200 17th Street NW • Washington, DC 20036 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT Melvyn P. Leffler This report originated while Melvyn P. Leffler was a Jennings Randolph Fellow at the United States Institute of Peace. He was writing his book on what appeared to be the most intractable and ominous conflict of the post–World War II era—the Cold War. He was addressing the questions of why the Cold War lasted as long as it did and why it ended when Remembering it did. As part of the ongoing dialogue at the United States Institute of Peace, he was repeatedly asked about the lessons of the Cold War for our contemporary problems. George Kennan His attention was drawn to the career of George F. Kennan, the father of containment. Kennan was a rather obscure and frustrated foreign service officer at the U.S. embassy in Lessons for Today? Moscow when his “Long Telegram” of February 1946 gained the attention of policymakers in Washington and transformed his career. Leffler reviews Kennan’s legacy and ponders the implications of his thinking for the contemporary era. Is it Summary possible, Leffler wonders, to reconcile Kennan’s legacy with the newfound emphasis on a “democratic peace”? • Kennan’s thinking and policy prescriptions evolved quickly from the time he wrote the Melvyn P. Leffler, a former senior fellow at the United States “Long Telegram” in February 1946 until the time he delivered the Walgreen Lectures Institute of Peace, won the Bancroft Prize for his book at the University of Chicago in 1950. -
The Tragedy of American Diplomacy? Rethinking the Marshall Plan
LSE Research Online Article (refereed) Michael Cox and Caroline Kennedy-Pipe The tragedy of American diplomacy? Rethinking the Marshall Plan Originally published in Journal of Cold War studies, 7 (1), pp. 97-134 © 2005 MIT Press. You may cite this version as: Cox, Michael and Kennedy-Pipe, Caroline (2005). The tragedy of American diplomacy? Rethinking the Marshall Plan [online]. London: LSE Research Online. Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/archive/00000764 Available online: May 2006 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk Contact LSE Research Online at: [email protected] CoxThe Tragedyand Kennedy-Pipe of American Diplomacy? Special Forum: The Marshall Plan and the Origins of the Cold War Reassessed The Tragedy of American Diplomacy? Rethinking the Marshall Plan ✣ Rethinking the Cold War If we take seriously E. H. Carr’s dictum that history is not a single, well- deªned narrative but a terrain of contestation between competing and evolv- ing interpretations whose inºuence is as much shaped by time and place as by any given set of facts, it should come as no great shock to discover that the past is constantly being reassessed or, to use the more familiar term, “revised” by successive generations of historians.1 The post-1945 period in general, and the Cold War conºict in particular, has been no exception to this simple but im- portant historiographic rule. -
Stalin's Baku Curve: a Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution
Stalin’s Baku Curve: A Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution by Fuad Akhundov A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education Leadership Higher and Adult Education, OISE University of Toronto © Copyright by Fuad Akhundov 2016 Stalin’s Baku Curve: A Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution Fuad Akhundov Master of Arts in Education Leadership Higher and Adult Education, OISE University of Toronto 2016 Abstract The Stalin’s Baku Curve, a Detonating Mix of Crime and Revolution presents a brief insight into the early period of activities of one of the most ominous political figures of the 20th century – Joseph Stalin. The major emphasis of the work is made on Stalin’s period in Baku in 1902-1910. A rapidly growing industrial hub providing almost half of the world’s crude oil, Baku was in the meantime a brewery of revolutionary ideas. Heavily imbued with crime, corruption and ethnic tensions, the whole environment provided an excellent opportunity for Stalin to undergo his “revolutionary universities” through extortion, racketeering, revolutionary propaganda and substantial incarceration in Baku’s famous Bailov prison. Along with this, the Baku period brought Stalin into close contact with the then Russian secret police, Okhranka. This left an indelible imprint on Stalin’s character and ruling style as an irremovable leader of the Soviet empire for almost three decades. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work became possible due to the tremendous input of several scholars whom I want to hereby recognize. The first person I owe the paper Stalin’s Baku Curve, a Detonating Mix of Crime and Revolution to is Simon Sebag Montefiore, an indefatigable researcher of former Soviet and pre-Soviet history whom I had a pleasure of working with in Baku back in 1995. -
Chronology of Stalin's Life
Chronology of Stalin's Life ('Old Style' to February 1918) 1879 9 Dec Born in Gori. 1888 Sept Enters clerical elementary school in Gori. 1894 Sept Enters theological seminary in Tbilisi. 1899 May Expelled from seminary. 1900 Apr Addresses worker demonstration near Tbilisi. 1902 Apr Arrested in Batumi following worker demonstration of which he was an organizer. 1903 July-Aug Appearance of Lenin's Bolshevik faction at the Second Congress of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (Stalin not present). 1904 Jan Escapes from place of exile in Siberia and returns to underground revolutionary work in Transcaucasia. 1905 Revolution, reaching peak in Oct-Dec. threatens the survival of the tsarist government. Stalin marries Ekaterina Svanidze. Dec Attends Bolshevik conference. also attended by Lenin, in Tammerfors, Finland. 1906 Apr Attends 'Unity' congress of party in Stockholm. 1907 Mar Birth of first child, Yakov. Apr Publishes first substantial piece of writing, 'Anarchism or Socialism?' Apr-May Attends party congress in London. Jun Moves operations to Baku. Oct Death of his wife, Ekaterina. 1908 Mar Arrested in Baku. 317 318 Chronology of Stalin's Life 1909 June Escapes from place of exile, Solvychegodsk, returns to underground in Baku. 1910 Mar Arrested and jailed. Oct Returned to exile in Solvychegodsk. 1911 June Police permit his legal residence in Vologda. Sept Illegally goes to St Petersburg but is arrested and returned to Vologda. 1912 Jan Bolshevik conference in Prague at which Lenin attempts to establish his control of party; Stalin not present but soon after is co-opted to new Central Committee. Apr Illegally moves to St Petersburg, but is arrested there. -
Dartmouth Conf Program
The Dartmouth Conference: The First 50 Years 1960—2010 Reminiscing on the Dartmouth Conference by Yevgeny Primakov T THE PEAK OF THE COLD WAR, and facilitating conditions conducive to A the Dartmouth Conference was one of economic interaction. the few diversions from the spirit of hostility The significance of the Dartmouth Confer- available to Soviet and American intellectuals, ence relates to the fact that throughout the who were keen, and able, to explore peace- cold war, no formal Soviet-American contact making initiatives. In fact, the Dartmouth had been consistently maintained, and that participants reported to huge gap was bridged by Moscow and Washington these meetings. on the progress of their The composition of discussion and, from participants was a pri- time to time, were even mary factor in the success instructed to “test the of those meetings, and it water” regarding ideas took some time before the put forward by their gov- negotiating teams were ernments. The Dartmouth shaped the right way. At meetings were also used first, in the early 1970s, to unfetter actions under- the teams had been led taken by the two countries by professionally quali- from a propagandist connotation and present fied citizens. From the Soviet Union, political them in a more genuine perspective. But the experts and researchers working for the Insti- crucial mission for these meetings was to tute of World Economy and International establish areas of concurring interests and to Relations and the Institute of U.S. and Cana- attempt to outline mutually acceptable solutions dian Studies, organizations closely linked to to the most acute problems: nuclear weapons Soviet policymaking circles, played key roles. -
The Treason Case Summed Up
1 The Treason Case Summed Up By Andrey Vyshinsky murderers, spies, wreckers and The criminal activities of Bukharin diversionists, without ideology or and his fellow traitors as summarized principles. This is a band of criminals by the Soviet Prosecutor at the session who sold themselves to the intelligence of the Military Collegium of the services of our enemies. Supreme Court of the USSR on March 11. The so-called “Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites” is an organization for From Soviet Russia Today, April 1938 espionage, diversions, wrecking Vol. 7 No. 2 activities and political assassinations, a bloc for the sale of the Fatherland. Transcribed by Red Flag Magazine This is the first time that our court has Agents of Fascism had to try a case of such crimes and such misdeeds as those that have passed This anti-Soviet “Bloc of Rights and before the eyes of this court, of such Trotskyites” constitutes an agency of criminals as these defendants. foreign intelligence services. The members of the Bloc and its leaders, like Before us has been unfolded a chain of Trotsky, Bukharin, Rykov, Yagoda, misdeeds which overshadow the vilest, Krestinsky, Rosenholtz, and its rank and the most abominable file members, like crimes. We have We have succeeded in tearing Zubarev, Maximov- succeeded in tearing from the faces of these miscreants Dikovsky and others, from the faces of these their perfidious masks, and have are the slaves of these miscreants their shown to our people, and to all intelligence perfidious masks, and honest men throughout the world, services—they are the have shown to our the bestial face of international slaves of their people, and to all honest brigands, the directing hand of masters. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/02/2021 07:23:58PM Via Free Access 152 MONIKA KARENIAUSKAITĖ
LITHUANIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES 20 2015 ISSN 1392-2343 PP. 151–182 THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN SOVIET RUSSIA AND THE USSR (1917–1953): EMERGENCE, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER TO THE LITHUANIAN SSR Monika Kareniauskaitė ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to analyse the Soviet definition of crime, the structure and logic of Soviet criminal law, and the system of criminal prosecution developed by the Bolsheviks after the October Rev- olution of 1917, consolidated during the NEP and collectivisation, and reformed by Stalin and Andrey Vyshinsky in the mid-1930s. The research also examines the impact that these concepts, ideas, institutions, legal norms and practices had on newly occupied Soviet colonies, focusing on the case of the LSSR. First of all, the research demonstrates that the main laws, institutions and actors in the Soviet criminal justice system which functioned until the mid-1950s without radical changes were invented and defined just after the Revolution, Civil War and NEP. Impacted by Marxist philosophy, by the traditional Russian peasant mentality and pre-revolutionary Bolshevik experiences, the early Bolshevik criminal justice system already had features which became crucial to the imple- mentation of Stalinist mass repressions. For instance, the criminal code of the RSFSR defined a crime as any act or omission dangerous to the Soviet order and state, but not as an act or omission prohibited by law – this was possible due to the ‘principle of analogy’. The criminal code of 1926, based on Bolshevik legal norms from the period of the Revolution and the Russian Civil War, was not replaced during the legal reform of the mid-1930s. -
Romanov News Новости Романовых
Romanov News Новости Романовых By Ludmila & Paul Kulikovsky №116 November 2017 Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna - "Akhtyrskaya Mother of God" The centenary of the October Revolution - Plenty of exhibitions, not much else November 7th arrived, the day of the centenary of the October Revolution, and expectations or even fear for some people were high, what would happen? Some even talked in advance about the possibility of a new revolution, but in fact not much happened. Also the official silence on the Revolution speaks volumes. Though a few public exhibitions were on display, the official narrative ignored the centenary of the Revolution in all spheres of the political system. It seems that it was more anticipated, talked about, and commemorated outside Russia and one can wonder why, now when the West is so Russophobic? Maybe many Westerners, who benefited from freedoms denied to Soviet citizens, naively romanticize the revolution, seeing it as being about kicking the rich and helping the poor. Do they really see Lenin as a "Robin Hood"? The truth is much more complicated. Ultimately, the October Revolution was a tremendous catastrophe that resulted in the split of a nation, a bloody civil war, mass murder, millions people forced into exile, the destruction of much of Russia’s creative and scientific establishment and the export of this brutal regime to other countries - where it all was repeated. Maybe the West were hoping for a new revolution in Russia, and they hoped this way they would kindle the revolutionary spirit of Russians today? If so, they failed! The fact is that the Russian elite are far more consolidated around President Putin than they were once around Emperor Nicholas II.