(MITADER) Agriculture and Natural Resource Landscape Management Project
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REPÚBLICA DE MOÇAMBIQUE MINISTÉRIO DA TERRA, AMBIENTE E DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL (MITADER) Agriculture and Natural Resource Landscape Management Project (PROJECT -- P149620) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) Final Draft Report Maputo, March 2016 0 LIST OF ACRONYMS ANE National Roads Administration ANRLMP Agriculture and Natural Resources Landscape Management Project CBNRM Community-Based Natural Resource Management CESMP Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan DA District Administration DCC District Consultative Council DLA Department of Environmental Licensing DNA National Directorate of Environment DNA National Directorate for Water DNE National Directorate for Energy DNOTR National Directorate of Land Planning and Resettlement DPASA Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Food Security DPOPHRH Provincial Directorate of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources EA Environmental Assessment EDM Electricidade de Moçambique/Electricity Company EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GDP Gross Domestic Product GOM Government of Mozambique IDA International Development Association IDCF Innovation and Demonstration Catalytic Fund i MEF Ministry of Economics and Finance MDP Municipal Development Project MICOA Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs MASA Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security MISAU Ministry of Health MITADER Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development MOPHRH Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources MSME Micro Small and Medium Enterprises MZM Mozambique Metical (national currency) NCSD National Commission for Sustainable Development NEMP National Environmental Management Program NGO Non-Governmental Organization PARPA Action Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty PEDSA Strategic Plan for Agricultural Development PCU Project Coordination Unit PDD District Development Plans (Plano Distrital de Desenvolvimento) PDPF Provincial Directorate of Planning and Finance PDUT District Land Use Plan PEPA Environmental Quality Standards of Mozambique Projects PLPP Provincial level project personnel (with monitoring responsibilities) PNI National Irrigation Program PNISA National Agriculture Investment Plan PP Urban Detailed Plan/Plano de Pormenor PPP Public Private Partnership PPU Provincial Project Unit PPU Partial Urban Plan/Plano Parcial de Urbanização ii PRS Poverty Reduction Strategy RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SDAE District Services of Economic Activities SDMAS District Services of Women, Social Affairs and Health SDPI District Services of Planning and Infrastructure TOR Terms of Reference UCA Coordination and Support Unit UNDP United Nations Development Program USD United States of America Dollar WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization ZVDA Zambezi Valley Development Agency iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS I TABLE OF CONTENTS IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IX SUMÁRIO EXECUTIVO XIX 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4 2.1 Project Development Objectives and Principles 4 2.2 Project Components 4 2.3 Anticipated sub-Project types under the Project 7 2.4 Sub-project activities ineligible for funding 8 3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS 9 4 DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT IN MOZAMBIQUE AND THE PROJECT AREA 12 4.1 General Country Development Context and Project Relevance 12 4.1.1 General Context 12 4.1.1 The Agriculture Sector 14 4.1.2 Climate Change 16 5 PROJECT TARGETED AREAS AND THE RECEIVING NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 18 5.1 Project Location 18 5.2 Physical Environment 20 5.2.1 Geology 20 5.2.2 Altitude and Relief 29 5.2.3 Climate 30 5.2.4 Soils 32 iv 5.2.5 Hydrology and Water Resources 32 5.3 Biological Environment 37 5.3.1 Broad Vegetation in Mozambique and Nampula and Zambézia Provinces 37 5.3.2 Description of the Main Types of Vegetation 38 5.3.3 Fauna 40 5.4 Socio-economic Situation 44 5.4.1 Other Development Programs/Projects in the Project Area 48 5.4.2 Land Use Plans 50 6 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS POLICIES 51 6.1 Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) 56 6.2 Pest Management (OP 4.09) 58 6.3 Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) 58 6.4 Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) 59 6.5 Forests (OP/BP 4.36) 59 6.6 Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) 60 6.7 Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) 60 7 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT IN MOZAMBIQUE 62 7.1 Legal Framework 62 7.1.1 Adherence to International and Regional Conventions and Protocols 62 7.1.2 Approval of Domestic Policy and Legal Instruments 63 7.2 Institutional Framework 70 8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONCERNS OF TARGETED AREAS 73 8.1 Public Consultation 73 9 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 75 9.1 Potential adverse environmental and social impacts 76 v 9.2 Other potential adverse socio-economic impacts 82 9.3 Potential positive impacts 84 9.4 Measures to mitigate negative impacts 85 10 GUIDELINES FOR SUB-PROJECT SCREENING, PREPARATION, APPRAISAL, APPROVAL AND MONITORING 95 10.1 Screening of Project Activities and Sites 96 10.2 Assigning the Appropriate Environmental and Social Categories 97 10.3 Carrying out Environmental and Social Work 98 10.4 Environmental and Social Checklist: 98 10.5 Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment (ESIA) 99 10.6 Subproject Review and Approval 99 10.7 Participatory Public Consultation and Disclosure 100 10.8 Grievance Mechanism 101 10.9 Annual Monitoring Reports and review 103 10.9 Environmental and Social Audit 104 10.10 Other Important Issues 104 10.10.1 Integration and harmonization with the district land use plans 104 11 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS 106 11.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) 106 11.2 Pest Management Plan 107 11.3 Involuntary Resettlement (Resettlement Action Plan) 108 12 TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS 109 12.1 Institutional Capacity Assessment and Analysis 109 12.2 Proposed Training and Awareness Programs 110 12.3. Technical Assistance (TA) 111 13 ESMF MONITORING REQUIREMENTS 112 vi 14 PROPOSED ESTIMATED IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET. 113 REFERENCES 115 List of Figures Figure 1: The two provinces and districts defining the project area ............................. 18 Figure 2: The Project districts in Nampula province .................................................... 19 Figure 3: The Project districts in Zambézia province ................................................... 19 Figure 4: Geologic Map of Nampula sub-province (compiled from the Million Scale Geological Map of Mozambique) ................................................................................ 23 Figure 5: Mineral potential map of the area according to CGS (2006). ........................ 29 Figure 6: Climate parameter variation in Lalaua Village (climate-data.org 6/12/2015). 31 Figure 7: Climate parameter variation in Gurué Village (climate-data.org). ................. 31 Figure 8: Main rivers in the study area ........................................................................ 34 Figure 9. Main rivers of Mozambique (Font: http://dlca.logcluster.org) ........................ 35 Figure 10: Age pyramid in the project area (the case of Mecubúri) ............................. 45 Figure 11: Areas of operation of Lurio Green Resources ............................................ 49 Figure 12: Preliminary demarcation of PROSAVANA (March 2010) ............................ 50 Figure 13: The ESIA process in Mozambique ............................................................. 65 Figure 14: Snapshot of the grievance procedure and stages .................................... 102 List of Tables Table 1: Sectoral responsibilities in project management and subproject development 9 Table 2: Distribution of the districts in the project area by altitude ............................... 20 Table 3: Distribution of population in the project area (source: INE, 2007) .................. 44 Table 4: Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project.................................................. 51 Table 5: The Ten World Bank Operational Safeguards Policies .................................. 52 Table 6: Gap assessment and comparison of legislation between Mozambique and WB requirements ............................................................................................................... 72 vii Table 7: Measures to mitigate negative impacts ......................................................... 86 Table 8: Roles and responsibility in implementing ESMF and preparing ESIA/ESMP . 96 Table 9: Estimated budget for ESMF implementation ............................................... 113 List of Annexes Annex 1: Current status of preparation of PDUT (district land use plans) in the two provinces ...................................................................................................................... B Annex 2: Environmental and Social Screening Form for subprojects ........................... D Annex 3: Preliminary Environmental Information Sheet ............................................... G Annex 4: Checklist for environmental and social impacts .............................................. L Annex 5: Environmental and Social Clauses ................................................................ N Annex 6: Good Agricultural Practices - Hygiene and Safety ........................................