Political May 19, 2014 Kurdistan PM Nechirvan Barzani Is in London Erbil

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Political May 19, 2014 Kurdistan PM Nechirvan Barzani Is in London Erbil Political May 19, 2014 Kurdistan PM Nechirvan Barzani is in London Erbil: Kurdistan PM Nechirvan Barzani starts on Sunday a visit to Britain on a formal invitation. The delegation will meet during his visit with a number of ministers and British officials, to discuss relations between the Kurdistan region and Britain and ways of strengthening them, as well as discussing a number of important issues related to trade and energy. Ekurd.net May 20, 2014 Kurdistan PM Nechirvan Barzani meets Britain’s Hague London: Kurdistan Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani and his accompanying delegation on Monday met with British Foreign Secretary William Hague to discuss bilateral relations and current political issues. krg.org May 21, 2014 Kurdistan president asks Nechirvan Barzani and his deputy Qubad Talabani to form a new government Erbil: President of Kurdistan Region, Masoud Barzani, asked on Tuesday both Nechirvan Barzani and Talabani Qubad to form the new Regional government. ninanews.com Parliamentary claims to cancel anti-terrorism law in Kurdistan Erbil: A group of MPs of Kurdistan Parliament have submitted on Wednesday, a bill to Presidency of the Parliament to cancel anti- terrorism law in Kurdistan region, No. 3 of 2003, claiming to include it within the work program of the parliament sessions for next the period. shafaaq.com Masoud Barzani to visit France and Italy Erbil: Kurdistan Region President Masoud Barzani will visit France and Italy in the coming days. The President will meet French President François Hollande in Paris and Pope Francis in the Vatican. Krp.org Supporters blame KDP for weak result in parliament polls Erbil: The supporters of Masoud Barzani's Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) are blaming KDP for the unexpected weak result the party achieved in the parliament election on April 30. Kurdpress.ir University graduates accuse KRG of Injustice Erbil: University graduates demonstrated on Tuesday against the Kurdistan Regional Government’s (KRG) policies regarding employing individuals according to favoritism. Many graduates who come from Garmyan/ Kalar, 254 km from Erbil, capital city of the Kurdistan region, demanded the government not to employ people based on nepotism and to only hire graduates through a legal recruitment process. Knnc.net KNN Kurdish journalist shot at by unidentified gunman Sulaimaniyah: A KNN correspondent in Chamchamal, 139 km from Sulaimaniyah, was shot by an unidentified gunman. knnc.net May 22, 2014 Masoud Barzani reveals his wealth for the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) Commission Erbil: President of the Kurdistan Region, Masoud Barzani, has revealed his wealth for the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) Commission of Integrity by filling out the commission’s form. basnews.com | Ekurd.net Kurdistan signs memorandum of understanding for joint cooperation with UK Erbil: The spokesman for the Kurdistan Regional Government KRG, Safeen Dizayee announced that a memorandum of understanding for joint cooperation and coordination between the Kurdistan government and the British government was signed during the visit by Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani to Britain. krg.org Kurdistan and UN implement service projects in Syrian refugee Dumez camp Duhok: Duhok province in Kurdistan Region announced on Thursday, signing two contracts with two organizations belonging to the United Nations for the implementation of a number of service projects in Dumez camp, which includes thousands of Syrian refugees. Shafaaq.com May 23, 2014 US State Department worried about oil export from Iraqi Kurdistan Washington: US. State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki has said that the shipment of oil from Iraqi Kurdistan region to world market via Turkey without the approval of Baghdad is a matter of concern for the States. Firatnews.com Kurdish security, Asayish forces, arrest terrorist who plotted to blow up al- Hakim Hussainia Mosque in Sulaimaniyah Sulaimaniyah: Asayish Directorate in the City of Sulaimaniyah announced the arrest of a terrorist who plotted Friday to blow up al- Hakim Hussainia Mosque in the City during Jummu'ah (Friday Prayer). Pukmedia.com May 24, 2014 Qubad Talabani: PUK will have Candidate for Iraqi Presidency Post Sulaimaniyah: Iraqi President's son and Kurdistan Region’s newly-appointed Deputy Prime Minister Qubad Talabani, has revealed that the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) has a candidate for the Iraqi presidency post. basnews.com May 25, 2014 Kurdish Alliance: Kurdistan Region’s sale of oil region is a result of cutting salaries of its staff Baghdad: Kurdish Alliance said on Sunday, that the move of Kurdistan Region to sell its oil to the international markets is a result of cutting the salaries of the staffs of the region by the federal government. shafaaq.com Iran builds 70 military posts across Iraqi Kurdistan Region border Sulaimaniyah: Iranian military forces have revealed that the Iranian Government will close down a number of borders between the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Iran. Basnews.com Economy May 19, 2014 Foreign investment in Kurdistan tops $39b; more investor friendly law expected Erbil: Overseas investments in the Kurdistan Region have topped $39 billion, and the investment law is being amended to make it more attractive to foreign investors.rudaw.net May 21, 2014 Nechirvan Barzani discusses in London to open an air route with Kurdistan London: Prime Minister of Kurdistan region, Nechirvan Barzani met, in the last day of his visit to the United Kingdom, with the British Minister of Transport and State for International Cooperation. ninanews.com May 25, 2014 Kurdistan’s population is over 5 million people Erbil: The Statistics Bureau of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) revealed that by the end of 2014 the population of th e Kurdistan Region will reach 5,330,000 people. In an interview with the Anadolu Agency, the chairman of the Statistics Bureau of the KRG Sirwan Mohammed expressed doubts regarding the accuracy of the statistics released by the federal government of Iraq, which claim that the Kurdistan Region has a population less than five million people. Mohammed stressed that the population of Kurdistan is approximately 5,200,000 people based on the numbers that they found in 2009. He expects the number is to reach 5,330,000 by the end of 2014 with 49% female and 51% male. He pointed out that the yearly growth rate of the populations in all provinces of Kurdistan is 2.7%, thus 130,150 and Duhok Province has the biggest growth rate followed by Erbil and Sulaimaniyah. Mohammed also mentioned that the percentage of poverty in the Kurdistan Region is 3.3% and the unemployment rate is 6.5%. basnews.com.
Recommended publications
  • Kurdistan Rising? Considerations for Kurds, Their Neighbors, and the Region
    KURDISTAN RISING? CONSIDERATIONS FOR KURDS, THEIR NEIGHBORS, AND THE REGION Michael Rubin AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE Kurdistan Rising? Considerations for Kurds, Their Neighbors, and the Region Michael Rubin June 2016 American Enterprise Institute © 2016 by the American Enterprise Institute. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or reproduced in any man- ner whatsoever without permission in writing from the American Enterprise Institute except in the case of brief quotations embodied in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. The views expressed in the publications of the American Enterprise Institute are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff, advisory panels, officers, or trustees of AEI. American Enterprise Institute 1150 17th St. NW Washington, DC 20036 www.aei.org. Cover image: Grand Millennium Sualimani Hotel in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, by Diyar Muhammed, Wikimedia Commons, Creative Commons. Contents Executive Summary 1 1. Who Are the Kurds? 5 2. Is This Kurdistan’s Moment? 19 3. What Do the Kurds Want? 27 4. What Form of Government Will Kurdistan Embrace? 56 5. Would Kurdistan Have a Viable Economy? 64 6. Would Kurdistan Be a State of Law? 91 7. What Services Would Kurdistan Provide Its Citizens? 101 8. Could Kurdistan Defend Itself Militarily and Diplomatically? 107 9. Does the United States Have a Coherent Kurdistan Policy? 119 Notes 125 Acknowledgments 137 About the Author 139 iii Executive Summary wo decades ago, most US officials would have been hard-pressed Tto place Kurdistan on a map, let alone consider Kurds as allies. Today, Kurds have largely won over Washington.
    [Show full text]
  • Games Without Frontiers: Renegotiating the Boundaries of Power in Iraqi Kurdistan
    GAMES WITHOUT FRONTIERS: RENEGOTIATING THE BOUNDARIES OF POWER IN IRAQI KURDISTAN THE MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE MIKE FLEET AND MEGAN CONNELLY JUNE 2021 WWW.MEI.EDU Photo above: Kurdistan parliament speaker Rewaz Faiq (top C), leads a parliament session in Erbil, the capital of Iraq’s northern autonomous Kurdish region, on May 25, 2021. Photo by SAFIN HAMED/AFP via Getty Images. Introduction Over the past year, intensifying political and economic conflicts between the Kurdistan Region’s two hegemonic parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of The parties’ efforts Kurdistan (PUK), have challenged the legal and institutional order to renegotiate their in which the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) operates. While financial entitlements power has always been concentrated in an exclusive coalition of and the scope of their partisan elites, the KDP and PUK had each tacitly acknowledged administrative control the other’s de facto autonomy over the territories they governed have so far produced independently from the civil war of the 1990s until the reunification no consensus. of the KRG. But a new generation of leadership within the parties, a fraught relationship with the federal government, and a prolonged economic crisis exacerbated by collapsing oil prices and the global pandemic have strained the KDP-PUK relationship to its breaking point. While the KDP has claimed a majoritarian mandate to govern on a reform platform that eliminates consociational entitlements, the PUK has issued an ultimatum: respect local autonomy and 2 A new generation of leadership, a fraught relationship with [Baghdad], and a prolonged economic crisis exacerbated by collapsing oil prices and the global pandemic have strained the KDP-PUK relationship to its breaking point.” restore an equitable division of power within the KRG or it will in consumer demand during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, withdraw from the governing coalition.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle East Program Occasional Paper Series Fall 2016
    MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES FALL 2016 MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM FALL OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES 2016 From Tribe to Nation: Iraqi Kurdistan on the Cusp of Statehood “For better or nition that after decades of dogged, if at times Amberin Zaman, worse, it is hard unorthodox, efforts to build their own state, Public Policy Fellow, Woodrow Wilson International to escape [the] the Iraqi Kurds are on the cusp of formally de- Center for Scholars conclusion that claring independence. It is no longer a matter future of Iraqi of “if” but “when.” Kurds lies with And the United States, as much as Iraq’s their integration neighbors—Iran, Turkey, and Syria, which into Iraqi state have restive Kurdish populations of their […] In terms of re- own—needs to be ready when Iraqi Kurdis- gional stability, it is probably preferable that tan, the first real Kurdish state in the modern [the] Kurdish independence movement does sense, is born. Most importantly, so do the not succeed.” Thus opined an American dip- Kurds. lomat stationed in Baghdad in a secret cable It will be a premature birth on many dated July 1, 1973.1 counts. The Kurdistan Regional Government Forty-three years on, official U.S. policy— (KRG) remains at war against jihadists of the that Iraq needs to remain territorially intact— so-called Islamic State (ISIS). Collapsing oil has not changed. But there is growing recog- prices have bankrupted the KRG’s rentier 1 MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES FALL 2016 About the Middle East Program Director The Middle East Program was launched in February 1998 in light of Henri J.
    [Show full text]
  • Qubad Talabani
    People 26 JUN 2020 | 19:41 Qubad Talabani Summary Qubad Talabani is the deputy prime minister of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and a member of the Leadership Council of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). He has become an influential member of the PUK since his late father Jalal Talabani, then Iraqi president and party leader, suffered a stroke in December 2012. Qubad soon became the face of the PUK and the Talabani family inside the KRG. He was born on 21 July 1977. Education Diploma in Motor Vehicle Engineering at Carshalton College, London. Date unknown Degree in Mechanical Engineering at Kingston University, UK. Date unknown Media Twitter, Facebook Family Married to American citizen Sherri Kraham Talabani. Reports sometimes highlight that she is Jewish. She is the co-founder of the Seed Foundation, which promotes social, educational and economic developments in the Kurdistan Region. The couple have two children. Father: Jalal Talabani (deceased), PUK co-founder and former president of Iraq Mother: Hero Ibrahim Ahmad, PUK official and de facto party leader between 2013 and 2019 Brother: Bafel Talabani, PUK co-leader Cousin: PUK co-leader Lahur Talabani Languages Kurdish (mother tongue) and English Alternative names, spellings Qubad Jalal Husamaddin Talabani Timeline 1 of 5 2020, 3 February Talabani’s office in a statement rejects a report by Kurdish NRT TV, which alleges that Talabani receives monthly “hush money” from the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in return for not sharing information about KRG oil revenues with his party and authorities in Sulaimaniyah. His office threatens legal action, but no suit is confirmed in following months 2020, 30 January Meets a Russian delegation headed by the deputy foreign minister and special presidential representative for the Middle East and Africa, Mikhail Bogdanov.
    [Show full text]
  • Kurdistan Regional Government
    Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/05/2021 12:48:24 PM Subject: Commemorating the 30th anniversary of Operation Provide Comfort - Final Speaker Lis From: Kurdistan Regional Government - USA <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Date Sent: Tuesday April 27, 2021 12:05:10 PM GMT-04:00 Date Received: Tuesday April 27, 2021 12:45:22 PM GMT-04:00 Kurdistan Regional Government Representation in the United States Washington D.C. Final Speaker List The Turning Point: Operation Provide Comfort Commemorating the 30th anniversary of the US-led humanitarian mission - B m & / 3* The Turning Point: Operation Provide Comfort Commemorating the 30th anniversary of the US-led humanitarian mission When Tomorrow, April 28, 10 am EST / 5 pm Erbil Time 1/3 Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/05/2021 12:48:24 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/05/2021 12:48:24 PM Where Virtual Event Register This month marks the 30th anniversary of a remarkable humanitarian action, known as Operation Provide Comfort, led by the United States, the UK and France, which saved hundreds of thousands of Kurds who had fled the genocidal actions of Saddam Hussein in 1991. Following the Kurdish uprising against the dictator in March 1991, Hussein used his helicopter gunships and tanks to attack the people who had risen up against his regime. Fearing that Hussein would use chemical weapons again, up to 2 million Kurds fled to border mountains of Turkey and Iran, where they were stranded, facing death from exposure to the elements, malnutrition and disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Living Apart Together: Decentralized Governance in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Megan Connelly and Mike Fleet
    Living Apart Together: Decentralized Governance in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Megan Connelly and Mike Fleet IRIS Report 0 November 2020 Living Apart Together: Decentralized Governance in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq The Institute of Regional and International Studies (IRIS) is a policy research center based at the American University of Iraq, Sulaimani (AUIS). Through multidisciplinary research, training programs, and policy forums, IRIS addresses the most complex issues facing Iraq and the Middle East. The Institute is funded through grants from donor institutions and countries. Recently IRIS has partnered with the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq, the London School of Economics, the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, and Chatham House on a variety of programs and research projects. About the Author: Megan Connelly is a Non-Resident Fellow at IRIS. She was also a fellow of the Jaeckle Center for Law, Democracy, and Governance at University at Buffalo. Her current research focuses on the legal history of local governments in the Kurdistan Region and their place within Iraq’s federal framework. She tweets @meganconnelly48 Mike Fleet is a Senior Analyst with the Government of Canada where he focuses on Iraq. He previously worked as a Senior Researcher with the Institute on Governance on the Iraq Team that implemented the Fiscal Decentralization and Resiliency Project. His current research focus is on Iraqi politics, federalism, state-building, and conflict dynamics. He tweets @MikeFleet23 Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors alone and do not reflect the views of their employers, IRIS, or of the Government of Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • After Iraqi Kurdistan's Thwarted Independence
    After Iraqi Kurdistan’s Thwarted Independence Bid Middle East Report N°199 | 27 March 2019 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 149 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Opaque Politics ................................................................................................................. 4 A. Family Affairs ............................................................................................................. 4 B. The Two Main Parties: A Shifting Balance ................................................................ 7 C. An Uncertain Future for Pluralist Politics ................................................................. 9 III. Back to Baghdad ............................................................................................................... 12 A. The KRG and the New Baghdad Government ........................................................... 12 B. Two Separate Tracks in Engaging with Baghdad ...................................................... 14 C. Returning Politics to a Virtuous Circle ...................................................................... 16 IV. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Qubad Talabani Speech, April 16, 2008, Florida International Summit 2008, University of Central Florida, Fairwinds Alumni Hall
    Qubad Talabani speech, April 16, 2008, Florida International Summit 2008, University of Central Florida, Fairwinds Alumni Hall, Orlando, Florida Good morning ladies and gentleman. On Sunday, I returned from four weeks in Kurdistan, the first four weeks of our new year. Always an exciting time, this visit was even more so. Things that Iraqis had once only whispered about, and then realized they could hope for, are becoming true. We are developing our democratic and economic institutions and now have the confidence to open our nation to our friends, for investment and development. This is my first stop since returning to the United States and it is hard to think of a more appropriate place to come. This is the new home of the first ever chair in Kurdish studies, at the University of Central Florida – an honor that is thrilling to me and all Kurds. Here is the first step toward greater cooperation and knowledge between our two unique regions, one that will generate understand and opportunity for Florida and Iraq. Now, add to that ANOTHER stated mission of University of Central Florida's Office of the Special Assistant to the President for Global Perspective: to help advance UCF’s goal of providing international emphasis to curricula and research and to work to expand the university’s efforts to enlarge Central Florida’s awareness and understanding of the interconnectedness of the global community. I am in agreement in the importance of such interconnectedness. International knowledge and cooperation are key, as you here know so well. Recently, three of your area’s leading business organizations were joined by more then 250 community leaders to discuss how the Central Florida region can remain competitive in the new global economy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of the Kurdistan Region After the Defeat of ISIS and the Failure of the 2017 Independence Referendum
    I T: C A C P Vol.2 Pishko Shamsi All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Author: Pishko Shamsi The views expressed in this report are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, a non-partisan organization that seeks to publish well-argued, policy-oriented articles on American foreign policy and national security priorities. Middle East Program Director: Aaron Stein Editing: Thomas J. Shattuck Design: Natalia Kopytnik © 2020 by the Foreign Policy Research Institute March 2020 OUR MISSION The Foreign Policy Research Institute is dedicated to producing the highest quality scholarship and nonpartisan policy analysis focused on crucial foreign policy and national security challenges facing the United States. We educate those who make and influence policy, as well as the public at large, through the lens of history, geography, and culture. Offering Ideas In an increasingly polarized world, we pride ourselves on our tradition of nonpartisan scholarship. We count among our ranks over 100 affiliated scholars located throughout the nation and the world who appear regularly in national and international media, testify on Capitol Hill, and are consulted by U.S. government agencies. Educating the American Public FPRI was founded on the premise that an informed and educated citizenry is paramount for the U.S. to conduct a coherent foreign policy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in Iraq
    Out of the Mountains into Politics: The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in Iraq By Kristen M. Sornsin Submitted to Central European University Department of Nationalism Studies 29 May 2008 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts CEU eTD Collection Supervisor: Professor Maria Kovacs Abstract In 1988, the Kurdish population of Iraq was systematically targeted in an organized military campaign now known as the Anfal Genocide. The Kurdish nationalist movement in Iraq, historically a rebellious and strong conglomeration of Kurdish tribes, was brought to its knees in this bloody example of state political violence. Fast-forward twenty years, and the same men and women who once ran through the hills with Kalashnikovs and mourned the loss of their families from chemical gas attacks are serving in official political offices, negotiating with international corporations, and greeting heads of state. How did this extraordinary change of circumstance occur? Why have the Kurds gained such political power? By applying social movement theory to the ethnic nationalist movement of the Iraqi- Kurds, this paper explains the rise of Kurdish political power as a result of the successful use of key political opportunities, effective resource mobilization, and critical attention to cultural framing. CEU eTD Collection i Acknowledgements In the course of this project, many mentors, colleagues, friends, and family provided advice, direction, and enough coffee to fuel a jet engine. Thank you all…and special thanks to: - My supervisor,
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Implications of an Independent Kurdistan
    Regional Implications of an Independent Kurdistan Alireza Nader, Larry Hanauer, Brenna Allen, Ali G. Scotten C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1452 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9569-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2016 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Beneath the Kurdistan flag, Kurdish Peshmerga troops keep watch in northern Iraq near the border with Syria (Azad Lashkari/Reuters). Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface In this report, we examine the potential regional implications of an independent Kurdistan in Northern Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • Kurdistan Regional Government
    Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 01/21/2021 10:05:15 AM KRG-US December 2020 newsletter 1 message Kurdistan Regional Government - USA <[email protected]> Wed, Dec 30, 2020 at 7:06 PM Reply-To: [email protected] To: [email protected] Kurdistan Regional Government Representation in the United States Washington D.C. Welcome to our December 2020 Newsletter Both the federal government and the KRG are struggling financially due to the fall in oil prices. The dispute over the KRG’s share of the federal budget has been a source of disagreements and tensions for several years. Prime Minister Barzani has asked that the United States and the United Nations join high-level talks to bring about a lasting constitutional settlement. The Prime Minister discussed this in a phone call with US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo earlier this month as well as in his meeting with Assistant Secretary of State David Schenker, who visited Kurdistan in early December. Kurdistan-US relations expanded in This past month, the Kurdistan Regional 2020 Government negotiating team, led by Deputy Prime Minister Qubad Talabani, has This past year, the Kurdistan-US been in Baghdad to discuss the KRG’s relationship has continued to grow, despite share of the federal budget and other the challenges posed by the coronavirus. disputes. We are hopeful that an agreement has been reached on the Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 01/21/2021 10:05:15 AM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 01/21/2021 10:05:15 AM budget that will enable both sides to see The year began with a meeting by the country through 2021 after a year of President Nechirvan Barzani and President great hardship for all.
    [Show full text]