DOCSLIB.ORG

From Absence to Trauma: a Study on the Representation Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

From Absence to Trauma: A Study on the Representation of the Occupation and the Civil War in Greek Films of the Period 1946-1989 by Dimos Dimoulas A dissertation submitted to the Department of Translation and Intercultural Studies, School of English, Faculty of Philosophy, In fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece June 2017 ii iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would have never been able to complete my dissertation without the guidance of my advisor, help from my friends, and support from my family. It is my great pleasure to acknowledge people who have given me guidance, help and encouragement. Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor Professor Michalis Kokkonis for the continuous support of my Ph.D. study and related research, for his caring, personal attention, motivation, ample knowledge and for providing me an excellent atmosphere of doing research. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. Professor Kokkonis also helped me to develop my background in film theory and history, opening new horizons for me. Each of the members of my Dissertation Committee has provided me extensive personal and professional guidance and taught me a great deal about both scientific research and life in general. I would especially like to thank Professor Yiorgos Kalogeras. Working with Professor Kalogeras has been a pleasure and a privilege; he patiently corrected my writing and his help has been invaluable and much appreciated. My sincere thanks goes to Assistant Professor Eleftheria Thanouli her insightful comments and encouragement, her advice and feedback but also for the hard question which incented me to widen my research from various perspectives. I am also indebted to Associate Professor Elpida Vogli for her encouragement and advice. I also want to express my gratitude to Assistant Professor Youli Theodosiadou for her contribution to the writing of this thesis. Lecturer Nikos Kontos has also provided valuable and insightful critique that made this thesis better. Last, but not least, I should state my gratitude to my family and my friends. I would like to thank my parents, Vasilis and Pighi, my sister Katerina and all my friends for supporting and encouraging me spiritually throughout writing this thesis and my life iv in general. Without their blessings and positive energy, I would not have been able to finish this work. v Abstract The present thesis undertakes to examine how the historical events of the Nazi Occupation and the Greek Civil War are represented in an extensive range of films produced between 1946 and 1989. Through a detailed reading, the study attempts a critical analysis of cinematic depictions of the 1940s events in more than eighty films. Particular emphasis is given to the social, cultural and political environment in which movies were created and which affected the postwar filmic production. Occupation films appeared shortly after the end of the Second World War. However, the representation of the Civil War has been completely elided from screen. Through a close examination of the thematic concerns of several popular films of the post-war period, the thesis explores the ways in which the issue of the Civil War actually appeared in disguised forms in the narratives of classical cinema. The historically-themed pictures of the late 1960s and early 1970s is another main focus of this thesis. By examining Occupation and Civil War-themed features released between 1967 and 1974, the thesis identifies the structure of the Dictatorship’s vision of the nation and recent history. Regarding cinematic production after 1974, the dissertation highlights the screen representation of the Occupation and the Civil War by the representatives of the New Greek Cinema. The post-1974 cinema has a clear left-wing orientation, in contrast to the majority of films released during the Dictatorship that had a right-wing and militaristic content. The directors of the New Greek Cinema shifted their focus from the depiction of the warfare and paid attention to marginal aspects of the conflict, such as the fate of the political refugees, or dealt with memories of the war. Therefore, the thesis is concerned with the relationship between trauma and film, centering upon pictures indicative of trauma narratives. vi Abbreviations CGC Classical Greek Cinema DSE Dimokratikos Stratos Ellados Democratic Army of Greece EAM Ethniko Apeleftherotiko Metopo National Liberation Front EAR Elliniki Aristera Greek Left EDES Ethnikos Dimokratikos Ellinikos Sindesmos National Republican Greek League EEC European Economic Community EK Enosis Kentrou Centrist Union ELAS Ethnikos Laikos Apeleftherotikos Stratos National Peoples’ Liberation Army ERE Ethini Rizospastiki Enosis National Radical Union EOKA Ethini Organosi Kiprion Agoniston National Organization of Cypriot Fighters vii EPON Eniea Panelladiki Organosi Neon United Panhellenic Organization of Youth ETBA Elliniki Trapeza Viomichanikis Anaptixis Greek Industrial and Developing Bank IT Iera Taxiarchia Holy Brigade KKE Kommounistiko Komma Ellados Communist Party of Greece MAY Monades Asfalias Ipethrou Units of Country’s Security NEK Neos Ellinikos Kinimatografos New Greek Cinema PASOK Panellinio Sosialistiko Kinima Panhellenic Socialist Movement PEK Palios Ellinikos Kinimatografos Old Greek Cinema PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder SOE Special Operations Executive viii Glossary of Terms Allaghi Change Anendotos Agonas Uncompromising Fight catharsis purging Dekemvriana December Events (December 1944) Ethnikofrosini National-mindedness, National conviction katsaplias bandit komitadji Bulgarian guerilla bands lefki tromokratia white terror mavroskoufides partisans wearing black berets Metapolitefsi restoration of democracy pedomazoma children’ transfer to countries of the Eastern Bloc pedososimo salvation of children Pistopiitiko Kinonikon Fronimaton Certificate of Social Judiciousness Tagmata Ethnofrouras Battalions of National Guard ix TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................... iii Abstract ......................................................................................................................... v Abbreviations…………………………………………………….………………….vi Glossary of Terms ..................................................................................................... viii INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 PART I: THE POST-WAR PERIOD Chapter I: The Transition Years (1950-1967) ......................................................... 67 Chapter II: The Occupation on Celluloid ................................................................ 79 Chapter III: The Representation of the Civil War in the Pre-1967 Film Production ................................................................................................................ 103 PART II: THE DICTATORSHIP PERIOD Chapter I: Military Junta and Return to Democracy (1967-1974) ..................... 128 Chapter II: The Occupation on Celluloid .............................................................. 141 Chapter III: The Representation of the Civil War during the Dictatorship ...... 171 x PART III: THE POST-1974 PERIOD Chapter I: Restoration of Democracy and PASOK’s Hegemony (1974-1989) .. 199 Chapter II: The Occupation and the Civil War on Celluloid .............................. 206 Chapter III: Screen Representations of the Civil War Trauma .......................... 229 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................... 256 WORKS CITED ....................................................................................................... 262 APPENDIX I: FILMOGRAPHY ........................................................................... 290 APPENDIX II: TIMELINE.....................................................................................315 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ………………...…..……………………………….317 1 Introduction Greek cinema has a productive, if problematic, relationship with the past. It is problematic from the perspective of those who dismiss the historical film for its factual inaccuracies, narrow point of view, oversimplification, conventional and standardized way of representation, ideologization of the past. Productive, because the past has provided a rich source of narrative situations, compelling themes, beautiful characters and visual spectacle for Greek cinema. As a complex genre, the historical film presents an unprecedented challenge to the researcher. Studying the representation of the German Occupation and the Greek Civil War on celluloid is a particularly discouraging and intimidating activity, as the researcher has to overcome important obstacles; he is obliged to distinguish from a plethora of films of those that could be analyzed in the study. He must also select from an expanding corpus of approaches to textual analysis those that could seem appropriate for the project. Furthermore, the researcher is obliged to be objective when discussing such controversial and over-politicized subject as the Civil War. He is also confronted with the difficulty to select from an abundance of studies on the 1940s, a research primarily based on Greek sources, those that can be employed in the study. Finally, he has to define a set of approaches that will lead to an original contribution
Recommended publications
  • Michael Cacoyannis, 1956)

    Michael Cacoyannis, 1956)

    A GENEALOGY OF SADNESS: A GIRL IN BLACK (Michael Cacoyannis, 1956) I. "Yes it will be a grace if I die. To exist is pain. Life is no desire of mine anymore." - Sophocles, Electra. A ship sets sail from the harbor of Piraeus. The opening frames of Michael Cacoyannis' third feature film, A Girl in Black – accompanied by the cheerful melodies of well-known Greek folk songs – range from brief glimpses of the urban surroundings of Athens' port to images of the voyage itself: the sun-kissed waters of the Aegean sea embracing – and luring – the audience into a world of endless possibilities and pure sensory indulgence. Anyone familiar with Cacoyannis' debut feature film, Windfall in Athens (1954), would have probably expected a breezy romance or a quirky comedy of manners. Instead, the film shares more in common – both thematically and aesthetically – with Cacoyannis' second feature, Stella (1955), a devastating story about jealousy, revenge and, ultimately, tragedy. The appearance of the film's title, A Girl in Black – implying mourning and death – over the idyllic seascape, betrays Cacoyannis' intentions of misleading the audience and subverting expectations with his vivid and sharp criticism against the mindset of small-town communities. This is one of many contradictions – the idyllic scenery concealing the rotten core of society’s standards – on which the filmmaker has structured the narrative threads of his harrowing drama. Reveling in the wild natural beauty of the Greek landscape, Cacoyannis’ carefully constructed shots culminate in unforgettable images of the mountainous island of Hydra. When the imposing and picturesque town 1 emerges behind the island's steep slopes, one can immediately sense its charming and welcoming atmosphere.
  • DONALD NICOL Donald Macgillivray Nicol 1923–2003

    DONALD NICOL Donald Macgillivray Nicol 1923–2003

    DONALD NICOL Donald MacGillivray Nicol 1923–2003 DONALD MACGILLIVRAY NICOL was born in Portsmouth on 4 February 1923, the son of a Scottish Presbyterian minister. He was always proud of his MacGillivray antecedents (on his mother’s side) and of his family’s connection with Culloden, the site of the Jacobite defeat in 1745, on whose correct pronunciation he would always insist. Despite attending school first in Sheffield and then in London, he retained a slight Scottish accent throughout his life. By the time he left St Paul’s School, already an able classical scholar, it was 1941; the rest of his education would have to wait until after the war. Donald’s letters, which he carefully preserved and ordered with the instinct of an archivist, provide details of the war years.1 In 1942, at the age of nineteen, he was teaching elementary maths, Latin and French to the junior forms at St-Anne’s-on-Sea, Lancashire. He commented to his father that he would be dismissed were it known that he was a conscientious objector. By November of that year he had entered a Friends’ Ambulance 1 The bulk of his letters are to his father (1942–6) and to his future wife (1949–50). Also preserved are the letters of his supervisor, Sir Steven Runciman, over a forty-year period. Other papers are his diaries, for a short period of time in 1944, his notebooks with drawings and plans of churches he studied in Epiros, and his account of his travels on Mount Athos. This material is now in the King’s College London Archives, by courtesy of the Nicol family.
  • Host By: Queen's University Belfast 29-31 May Lanyon Building

    Host By: Queen's University Belfast 29-31 May Lanyon Building

    Anti-Communism in the Twentieth Century: An International Historical Perspective Host by: Queen’s University Belfast 29-31 May Lanyon Building University Rd, Belfast BT7 1NN Welcome to Anticomm2019! We are pleased and honoured for your attendance to Anti-Communism in the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective (@Anticomm2019). This conference is an unpreceded opportunity for academics to share their research on a topic that is still ill-defined and controversial - namely anti- communism’s impact on shaping contemporary history. From the Russian Revolution until the fall of the Berlin Wall, anti- communism was a global phenomenon that loomed heavy over the events in the last century. The legacy of this ideology, and the political practices employed by those promoting it’s cause, is an enduring one. For good and ill, the fight against Marxism forged our modern world. It is a winding tale that is worthy of revisiting and expanding. Through Anticomm2019 we hope that you join us on taking steps forward in contextualizing the efforts by an array of historical actors, governments, and organisations combating a mutual enemy. Though their methods, motivations, and measures often differed radically, they all sought to fight communism. More often than not, these individuals and institutions imagined themselves as the noble Roman manning the ramparts against the invading Goths. In essence, this event seeks, with your help, to understand why and how a substantial segment of the global population reacted as they did when the proverbial ‘Red Goths’ were at the city gates. Finally we like to thank everyone who helped turn Anticomm2019 into a reality.
  • Britain and the Greek Civil War, 1944–1949 British Imperialism, Public Opinion and the Coming of the Cold War

    Britain and the Greek Civil War, 1944–1949 British Imperialism, Public Opinion and the Coming of the Cold War

    Britain and the Greek Civil War, 1944–1949 British Imperialism, Public Opinion and the Coming of the Cold War JOHN SAKKAS Harrassowitz Verlag (Germany, 2013), 149 pp/28 illust. ISBN: 978-3-447-06718-8 The Greek civil war holds a significant place in the history of twentieth-century Europe for many reasons. Firstly, it was Europe’s bloodiest conflict in the second half of the 1940s; secondly, it marked a turning point in the Cold War; and lastly, it showed how Greece had become an ‘apple of discord’ for both American and Soviet involvement in Greek affairs which led to even more complexity in the country’s post-war politics. Yet despite its significance, only a limited number of studies have been carried out on the subject of this era. After the troubled period of the 1950s and 1960s, a time dominated by extreme conservatism, anti-communism and nationalist paroxysms, it was difficult to access material sources and this made it nearly impossible to conduct scholarly research, so that older politically-charged interpretations and accounts went mostly unchallenged. However, in the past two decades a new historiographical current has developed as regards the civil war in Greece and new evaluations and debates have emerged that shed fresh light on conventional supposition. Britain and the Greek Civil War, 1944–1949 draws upon the author’s doctoral dissertation and provides a welcome addition to studies on that period in Greek history. John Sakkas takes up a novel approach that does not focus solely on Greek politics, whether they are national or local, nor does it centre simply on British policy in Greece.
  • Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS

    Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS

    ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr.
  • Explaining Irredentism: the Case of Hungary and Its Transborder Minorities in Romania and Slovakia

    Explaining Irredentism: the Case of Hungary and Its Transborder Minorities in Romania and Slovakia

    Explaining irredentism: the case of Hungary and its transborder minorities in Romania and Slovakia by Julianna Christa Elisabeth Fuzesi A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Government London School of Economics and Political Science University of London 2006 1 UMI Number: U615886 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615886 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is entirely my own. Signature Date ....... 2 UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Abstract of Thesis Author (full names) ..Julianna Christa Elisabeth Fiizesi...................................................................... Title of thesis ..Explaining irredentism: the case of Hungary and its transborder minorities in Romania and Slovakia............................................................................................................................. ....................................................................................... Degree..PhD in Government............... This thesis seeks to explain irredentism by identifying the set of variables that determine its occurrence. To do so it provides the necessary definition and comparative analytical framework, both lacking so far, and thus establishes irredentism as a field of study in its own right. The thesis develops a multi-variate explanatory model that is generalisable yet succinct.
  • In Search of Fundamentals to Resist Ethnic Calamities and Maintain National Integrity

    In Search of Fundamentals to Resist Ethnic Calamities and Maintain National Integrity

    Scholarship Report – L. Picha Meiji Jingu & Shiseikan In Search of fundamentals to resist ethnic calamities and maintain national integrity Lefkothea Picha June-July 2013 1 Scholarship Report Meiji Jingu (明治神宮) & Shiseikan (至誠館) Contents Acknowledgements and impressions …………………………………… Page 3 a. Cultural trip at Izumo Taishia and Matsue city Introduction: Japan’s latest Tsunami versus Greek financial crisis reflecting national ethos…………………............................................................................ 6 Part 1 The Historic Horizon in Greece................................................... 7 a. Classical Period b. Persian wars c. Alexander’s the Great Empire d. Roman and Medieval Greece e. The Byzantine Period f. The Ottoman domination g. Commentary on the Byzantine epoch and Ottoman occupation h. World War II i. Greece after World War II j. Restoration of Democracy and Greek Politics in the era of Financial crisis Part 2 The liturgical and spiritual Greek ethos …………………………. 10 a. Greek mythology, the ancient Greek philosophy and Shinto b. Orthodox theology, Christian ethics and Shinto c. Purification process – Katharmos in ancient Greece, Christian Baptism and Misogi Part 3 Greek warriors’ ethos and Reflections on Bushido ..................... 14 a. Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC) b. Ancient Greek warriors armor c. Comparison of Spartan soldiers and Samurai d. The motto “freedom or death and the Greek anthem e. Monument of the unknown soldier and Yasukunii shrine f. Women warriors and their supportive role against invaders g. Reflections on Bushido and its importance in the modern era h. Personal training in Budo and relation with Shiseikan Part 4 Personal view on Greek nation’s metamorphosis………………… 20 a. From the illustrious ancestors to the cultural decay. Is catastrophy a chance to revive Greek nation? Lefkothea Picha 2 Scholarship Report Meiji Jingu (明治神宮) & Shiseikan (至誠館) Acknowledgments and impressions I would like to thank Araya Kancho for the scholarship received.
  • Military Entrepreneurship in the Shadow of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949)

    Military Entrepreneurship in the Shadow of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949)

    JPR Men of the Gun and Men of the State: Military Entrepreneurship in the Shadow of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949) Spyros Tsoutsoumpis Abstract: The article explores the intersection between paramilitarism, organized crime, and nation-building during the Greek Civil War. Nation-building has been described in terms of a centralized state extending its writ through a process of modernisation of institutions and monopolisation of violence. Accordingly, the presence and contribution of private actors has been a sign of and a contributive factor to state-weakness. This article demonstrates a more nuanced image wherein nation-building was characterised by pervasive accommodations between, and interlacing of, state and non-state violence. This approach problematises divisions between legal (state-sanctioned) and illegal (private) violence in the making of the modern nation state and sheds new light into the complex way in which the ‘men of the gun’ interacted with the ‘men of the state’ in this process, and how these alliances impacted the nation-building process at the local and national levels. Keywords: Greece, Civil War, Paramilitaries, Organized Crime, Nation-Building Introduction n March 1945, Theodoros Sarantis, the head of the army’s intelligence bureau (A2) in north-western Greece had a clandestine meeting with Zois Padazis, a brigand-chief who operated in this area. Sarantis asked Padazis’s help in ‘cleansing’ the border area from I‘unwanted’ elements: leftists, trade-unionists, and local Muslims. In exchange he promised to provide him with political cover for his illegal activities.1 This relationship that extended well into the 1950s was often contentious.
  • Dangerous Liaisons

    Dangerous Liaisons

    University of Huddersfield Repository Davies, Peter J. Dangerous liaisons Original Citation Davies, Peter J. (2004) Dangerous liaisons. Pearson Longman, London, pp. 9-29. ISBN 978- 0582772274 This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/5522/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ Chapter 1 MEANING AND VARIETIES Give me your watch and I’ll tell you the time. German view of collaboration[1] The Nazis’ newspaper in Jersey, Insel Zeitung, was keen to publicise the fact that the islanders were enthusiastic about the occupation and keen to be Germanised: In the course of a band concert given in the Royal Square and largely attended by children and young people, at a given moment, the bandmaster attracted the attention of his juvenile audience by calling out that he had a question to ask them.
  • Hitler's War Aims

    Hitler's War Aims

    Hitler’s War Aims Gerhard Hirschfeld Between 1939 and 1945, the German Reich dominated large parts of Europe. It has been estimated that by the end of 1941 approximately 180 million non-Germans lived under some form of German occupation. Inevitably, the experience and memory of the war for most Europeans is therefore linked less with military action and events than with Nazi (i.e. National Socialist) rule and the manifold expressions it took: insecurity and unlawfulness, constraints and compulsion, increasing difficult living conditions, coercive measures and arbitrary acts of force, which ultimately could threaten the very existence of peoples. Moreover, for those millions of human beings whose right to existence had been denied for political, social, or for – what the Nazis would term – ‘racial motives’ altogether, the implications and consequences of German conquest and occupation of Europe became even more oppressive and hounding.1 German rule in Europe during the Second World War involved a great variety of policies in all countries under more or less permanent occupation, determined by political, strategically, economical and ideological factors. The apparent ‘lack of administrative unity’ (Hans Umbreit) in German occupied Europe was often lamented but never seriously re-considered.2 The peculiar structure of the German ‘leader-state’ (Fuehrerstaat) and Hitler's obvious indifference in all matters of administration, above, his well known indecisiveness in internal matters of power, made all necessary changes, except those dictated by the war itself, largely obsolete. While in Eastern Europe the central purpose of Germany's conquest was to provide the master race with the required ‘living space’ (Lebensraum) for settlement as well as human and economic resources for total exploitation, the techniques for political rule and economic control appeared less brutal in Western Europe, largely in accordance with Hitler’s racial and ideological views.
  • Press and Mass Communication in the Middle East. Festschrift for Martin

    Press and Mass Communication in the Middle East. Festschrift for Martin

    Bamberger 12 Orientstudien Press and Mass Communication in the Middle East Festschrift for Martin Strohmeier Börte Sagaster, Theoharis Stavrides and Birgitt Hoffmann (eds.) 12 Bamberger Orientstudien Bamberger Orientstudien hg. von Lale Behzadi, Patrick Franke, Geoffrey Haig, Christoph Herzog, Birgitt Hoffmann, Lorenz Korn und Susanne Talabardon Band 12 2017 Press and Mass Communication in the Middle East Festschrift for Martin Strohmeier Börte Sagaster, Theoharis Stavrides and Birgitt Hoffmann (eds.) 2017 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deut- schen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Informationen sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de/ abrufbar. Dieses Werk ist als freie Onlineversion über den Hochschulschriften-Server (OPUS; http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-bamberg/) der Universitätsbiblio- thek Bamberg erreichbar. Kopien und Ausdrucke dürfen nur zum privaten und sonstigen eigenen Gebrauch angefertigt werden. Herstellung und Druck: docupoint Magdeburg Umschlaggestaltung: University of Bamberg Press, Larissa Günther Umschlagbild: Textausschnitt aus der Zeitschrift Muhbir No. 28, 27 Şavval 1283 (4.3.1867) © University of Bamberg Press Bamberg, 2017 http://www.uni-bamberg.de/ubp/ ISSN: 2193-3723 ISBN: 978-3-86309-527-7 (Druckausgabe) eISBN: 978-3-86309-528-4 (Online-Ausgabe) URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:473-opus4-500162 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irbo-50016 Martin Strohmeier Table of Contents Preface .........................................................................................................
  • Ta Matia Nov01.P65

    Ta Matia Nov01.P65

    www.goyanz.org.nz Issue No. 10 November 2001 GOYA 50th Reunion Greek Church Is By John Serepisos Destroyed In Wake of Towers’ Collapse abour weekend 2001 will long be remembered for the get- together of the original immigrants to New Zealand who arrived St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church, L here on the MV GOYA in three separate sailings in 1951. On a tiny church that for decades stood the Saturday afternoon a special commemorative function was held at alone in the middle of a parking lot the Greek Community Centre where a slide-show presentation was held across the street from the World Trade depicting immigrants and scenes from the GOYA voyage to New Centre, was swept away in the wave of Zealand. It was a good chance for many of the original voyagers to destruction as the complex collapsed. reflect and catch up with old friends and family. It was also a timely “I was down there on Wednesday,” says reminder to the younger generation and descendents of the hardships Father Romas, known as Father John among his congregants. “My and sacrifices that the GOYA immigrants had to endure. heart was broke in two. My church is gone — and to have so many people in the World Trade Centre that are dead.” Before the end came, the four-story building was known as a survivor, its plain white-washed walls cloaked in the shadows of the steel- and-glass skyscrapers that rose as the neighborhood evolved from a bustling immigrant enclave into a center of global finance. Property values soared, but despite developers’ continual efforts to get the church to sell out, St.