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Bamberger 12 Orientstudien Press and Mass Communication in the Middle East Festschrift for Martin Strohmeier Börte Sagaster, Theoharis Stavrides and Birgitt Hoffmann (eds.) 12 Bamberger Orientstudien Bamberger Orientstudien hg. von Lale Behzadi, Patrick Franke, Geoffrey Haig, Christoph Herzog, Birgitt Hoffmann, Lorenz Korn und Susanne Talabardon Band 12 2017 Press and Mass Communication in the Middle East Festschrift for Martin Strohmeier Börte Sagaster, Theoharis Stavrides and Birgitt Hoffmann (eds.) 2017 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deut- schen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Informationen sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de/ abrufbar. Dieses Werk ist als freie Onlineversion über den Hochschulschriften-Server (OPUS; http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-bamberg/) der Universitätsbiblio- thek Bamberg erreichbar. Kopien und Ausdrucke dürfen nur zum privaten und sonstigen eigenen Gebrauch angefertigt werden. Herstellung und Druck: docupoint Magdeburg Umschlaggestaltung: University of Bamberg Press, Larissa Günther Umschlagbild: Textausschnitt aus der Zeitschrift Muhbir No. 28, 27 Şavval 1283 (4.3.1867) © University of Bamberg Press Bamberg, 2017 http://www.uni-bamberg.de/ubp/ ISSN: 2193-3723 ISBN: 978-3-86309-527-7 (Druckausgabe) eISBN: 978-3-86309-528-4 (Online-Ausgabe) URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:473-opus4-500162 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irbo-50016 Martin Strohmeier Table of Contents Preface .......................................................................................................... V Michalis N. Michael – Börte Sagaster – Theoharis Stavrides Introduction .............................................................................................. VII PART 1 Evangelia Balta – Ayşe Kavak Publisher of the newspaper Konstantinoupolis for half a century. Following the trail of Dimitris Nikolaidis in the Ottoman archives ........33 Stelios Irakleous Karamanlidika Is Ottoman; Viewing the Pages of Anatoli .......................65 Ioannis Theocharides The Greek-Cypriot Press on Kâmil Paşa ...................................................89 Matthias Kappler Divandrucke in der Universitätsbibliothek Zypern und der Divan des Selânikli Meşhûrî Efendi ..........................................................................107 Hüseyin Ağuiçenoğlu Der Nationalgedanke in den frühesten osmanisch-zypriotischen Periodika ....................................................................................................139 Ahmet Yıkık A Protagonist in Cyprus’ Tanzimat Literature: Kaytazzade Mehmet Nazım ........................................................................................................151 PART 2 Maurus Reinkowski Eine Windmühle mehr? Osmanische Pressepolitik in Kairo um 1900 .................................................................................................... 171 Michael Ursinus Wider die Barbarei an der Wiege der Zivilisation. Osmanische Intellektuelle des 19. Jahrhunderts über das arabische Beduinentum im Zweistromland ........................................................... 199 Fruma Zachs Challenging the Ideal: al-Diya’ as Labiba Hashim's Stepping Stone .......................................................................................... 219 Yitzhak Reiter Fatwas as Political Communication: The Case of the Shihab al-Din Mosque in Nazareth ................................................................................. 237 PART 3 Börte Sagaster ‘Cheers to the New Life’ – Five Turkish serial novels of the 1930s in the popular magazine Yedigün ............................................................ 267 Christoph Herzog Zur populärwissenschaftlichen Geschichtszeitschrift Derin Tarih anhand ihres Webauftritts ....................................................................... 287 Béatrice Hendrich Meine Muttersprache? Ein Abenteuer! Mıgırdiç Margosyan ................ 307 Christiane Bulut Printing in the peripheries ...................................................................... 337 Preface The present volume is intended as a small gift to Martin Strohmeier, who will be retiring from his position as Professor at the University of Cyprus in summer 2017. Martin Strohmeier has spent a considerable part of his academic life – from 1998 to 2017 – as a Professor of Turkish and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Cyprus. As one of the early members of the Department of Turkish and Middle Eastern Stud- ies, he has shaped the department with his manifold interests and ideas, for which several long-term stays in different countries of the Islamic Middle East have surely been inspiring. From his student days until his move to Cyprus, Martin Strohmeier has been a wanderer between the worlds: For many years, he taught at vari- ous universities in his home country Germany (Bamberg, Kiel, Freiburg, Würzburg) and was twice a researcher at the Orient Institute of the German Oriental Society – first in Beirut (1985-86), and later in Istanbul (1990-93). In addition to this, he made over the years countless journeys to the Middle East – for reasons of research, and simply for his love and interest in the history and culture of the eastern Mediterranean, to which he feels very much connected. In this sense, Martin Strohmeier came to an ideal place by his appointment in Cyprus: The complex history of Cyprus as an island, which for many centuries has been an important interface between ‘Orient’ and ‘Occident’, has fascinated and repeatedly occupied him as a researcher since his move to Nicosia in 1998. For this book, we have selected a thematic focus, which covers only one of Martin Strohmeier’s numerous interests, but contributes in its broadness to the various geographic areas that were particularly important for his personal life: the Arab world, Turkey and the Turcophone World, and Cyprus. The authors and editors of this volume are part of his network of colleagues, former students and friends from different periods of his life – we thank all of them for their contributions. A special thanks goes to our colleague Michalis N. Michael, for his valuable contribution in the preparation to this volume. V Introduction Introduction Michalis N. Michael, Börte Sagaster, Theoharis Stavrides Department of Turkish and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Cyprus Although the Ottomans were quick to adopt technological advances coming from the West, it took them several centuries to receive one key western innovation: printing. The printing press, which was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the lands of the Holy Roman Empire in the mid- fifteenth century, launched a printing revolution in Early Modern Eu- rope.1 However, these developments left the Muslim world more or less intact. Even though non-Muslim subjects of the Sultan soon adopted the new technology and introduced it into Ottoman lands, a variety of reli- gious, aesthetic, socio-political and economic factors prevented for a long time the adoption of printing in the Arabic script.2 The decision to per- mit the printing of books in Ottoman Turkish in 1727 led to a period of intellectual fermentation, which was, however, confined to the higher strata of society due to the limited number of publications and the small number of copies printed.3 The problem was compounded by the low levels of literacy of the wider public, reaching as low as 2–3 % for Mus- lims in the early nineteenth century.4 It can thus be said that printing did not have a decisive impact on Ottoman society in the first century after its introduction into the Empire.5 Things began to change in the middle of the nineteenth century with the diffusion of newspapers and the Press, as a response to rising literacy and the demands of an emer- gent Ottoman civil society, itself partly a result of this development. 1 Eisenstein 1983. 2 Faroqhi 2000: 94–6. 3 Hanioğlu 2008: 38. 4 Quataert: 168–70. 5 Hanioğlu 2008: 38. VII Michalis N. Michael – Börte Sagaster – Theoharis Stavrides Rising literacy, reaching around 15 % by the end of the nineteenth cen- tury, was a result of the increase in the availability of private and state- sponsored education.6 Indicators for this development were the increas- ing numbers of students in Ottoman schools, as well as the exponential rise in the output of Ottoman printing-houses, going from ca. 180 titles between 1729 and 1829 to 6,357 between 1876 and 1892.7 Even then, printing and newspapers remained for a long time an affair of the Otto- man centre, spreading to the provinces considerably later, especially after the vilâyet reform of 1864, and even then it remained restricted to official publications.8 For example, a major provincial centre like Da- mascus received its first permanent press as late as 1864 and its first privately-owned newspaper fifteen years later, in 1879. Before 1908, all three local Damascene newspapers were printed at the official provincial press, an indication that the views they expressed did not diverge from the official ones.9 In the Empire’s centre, however, the Press became the main medium for the expression and dissemination of ideas that did not conform to those of the authorities. This is exemplified by the case of the Young Ottomans, the first modern ideological movement in the Ottoman Em- pire, which consciously tried to foster and influence public opinion, through the publication of newspapers, like Tasvir-i Efkâr, the circulation of which reached 20,000 copies in the late 1860s.10
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  • University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan ® Copyright by Haluk Necdet Goze»* 1967 MODERNISM and TRADITIONALISM in the OTTOMAN Emfrjre 179Q-L£2K

    University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan ® Copyright by Haluk Necdet Goze»* 1967 MODERNISM and TRADITIONALISM in the OTTOMAN Emfrjre 179Q-L£2K

    66-1602 GOZE, Haluk Necdet, 1929- MODERNISM AND TRADITIONALISM IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1790-1922. The American University, Ph.D., 1964 Political Science, international law and relations University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan ® Copyright by Haluk Necdet Goze»* 1967 MODERNISM AND TRADITIONALISM IN THE OTTOMAN EMfrjRE 179Q-l£2k by tf’.’j» vNecdet G6ze Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND ORGANIZATION Signatures of Committee: Chairman: Date: On*? 'tv. Graduate Dean Dates eyK04j H. I4& V l,BRARY AUG o *KASK»CT3HD.c Soo z. tiu TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE ......................................... v CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .............................. 1 II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND....................... 10 The Origins of the Turkish People 10 The Seljuk T u r k s ........................ 11 The Rise of the Ottoman Turks ............. 13 The Decline of the Ottoman Empire ......... 15 Ottoman Institutions .................... 16 III. REFORMS OF SULTAN SELIM III AND THE FAILURE OF THE MODERNISTS......... 31 Early efforts at reform ................ 31 The Reforms of Sultan Selim ......... 37 The Reform of Sultan Mahmud I I ........... 41 Social and Economic Problems • 46 IV. THE RESHID PASHA REFORMS AND THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN MODERNISTS AND TRADITIONALIST 1839-1876 ......................'......... 60 The 1839 Reshid Pasha Reforms and the Temporary Victory of the Modernists .... 60 The Role of the Ottoman Diplomatic Envoys ••••• 68 ill CHAPTER PAGE The Struggle between Modernists and Traditionalists during the Tanzimat Period 1839-1876 ...................... 71 Economic and Social Problems .. ......... 75 Rise of Nationalism .................... 80 The Role of the Ottoman P r e s s ..........