Civilizations Collide - the Wars of the Aztecs, the Inca, the Maya, and the Conquistadores
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Records of the Medieval Sword Free
FREE RECORDS OF THE MEDIEVAL SWORD PDF Ewart Oakeshott | 316 pages | 15 May 2015 | Boydell & Brewer Ltd | 9780851155661 | English | Woodbridge, United Kingdom Records of the Medieval Sword by Ewart Oakeshott, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® I would consider this the definitive work on the development of the form, design, and construction of the medieval sword. Oakeshott was the foremost authority on the subject, and this work formed the capstone of his career. Anyone with a serious interest in European swords should own this book. Records of the Medieval Sword. Ewart Oakeshott. Forty years of intensive research into the specialised subject of the straight two- edged knightly sword of the European middle ages are contained in this classic study. Spanning the period from the great migrations to the Renaissance, Ewart Oakeshott emphasises the original purpose of the sword as an intensely intimate accessory of great significance and mystique. There are over photographs and drawings, each fully annotated and described in detail, supported by a long introductory chapter with diagrams of the typological framework first presented in The Archaeology of Weapons and further elaborated in The Sword in the Age of Chivalry. There are appendices on inlaid blade inscriptions, scientific dating, the swordsmith's art, and a sword of Edward Records of the Medieval Sword. Reprinted as part Records of the Medieval Sword Boydell's History of the Sword series. Records of the Medieval Sword - Ewart Oakeshott - Google книги Uh-oh, it looks like your Internet Explorer is out of date. For a better shopping experience, please upgrade now. Javascript is not enabled in your browser. -
Rules and Options
Rules and Options The author has attempted to draw as much as possible from the guidelines provided in the 5th edition Players Handbooks and Dungeon Master's Guide. Statistics for weapons listed in the Dungeon Master's Guide were used to develop the damage scales used in this book. Interestingly, these scales correspond fairly well with the values listed in the d20 Modern books. Game masters should feel free to modify any of the statistics or optional rules in this book as necessary. It is important to remember that Dungeons and Dragons abstracts combat to a degree, and does so more than many other game systems, in the name of playability. For this reason, the subtle differences that exist between many firearms will often drop below what might be called a "horizon of granularity." In D&D, for example, two pistols that real world shooters could spend hours discussing, debating how a few extra ounces of weight or different barrel lengths might affect accuracy, or how different kinds of ammunition (soft-nosed, armor-piercing, etc.) might affect damage, may be, in game terms, almost identical. This is neither good nor bad; it is just the way Dungeons and Dragons handles such things. Who can use firearms? Firearms are assumed to be martial ranged weapons. Characters from worlds where firearms are common and who can use martial ranged weapons will be proficient in them. Anyone else will have to train to gain proficiency— the specifics are left to individual game masters. Optionally, the game master may also allow characters with individual weapon proficiencies to trade one proficiency for an equivalent one at the time of character creation (e.g., monks can trade shortswords for one specific martial melee weapon like a war scythe, rogues can trade hand crossbows for one kind of firearm like a Glock 17 pistol, etc.). -
Mexico - the Country 1
Mexico - The Country 1. 758,278 square miles in size. 2. 1,100 miles long ••••• 1,900 miles wide. 3. One-Fourth the size of the United States. 4. 2,000 miles of border with the United States. 5. Two-Thirds of the country is mountains or desert: A) The geography has created some bad \ economic problems. B) It has created difficulties in transportation. C) It has created difficulties in communication. 6. Also has: A) Fertile plains. B) Tropical areas. C) Rivers••••• Etc. 7. Highest point in the country••• Mt. Orizaba: A) 18,700 feet high. ( 8. Annual average temperature••••• 62 degrees. / \, 9. Primary Barrier to••••• Economic "Well-Being"••••• Absence of sufficient moisture: A) Northern Mexico••••• Parched - "Water Hungry." B) Central Mexico••••• Barely enough moisture to sustain plant life: I. Rains are seasonal! C) Southern Mexico••••• Saturated with water. 10. Rain: A) One-Half of the country: I. Insufficient rain year-round. B) 130/0 of the country: I. Sufficient rain year-round. 11. Permanent Snow Line: A) Between 14,600 and 15,000 feet. 12. Is a country of small villages: A) 940/0 of these villages have less than 500 people. 13. Capital ••• Mexico City••• 7 ,650 feet above sea level: A) Largest city. B) From Mexico City to Veracruz ••• 265 miles. 14. 2 nd largest city••• Guadalajara. 15. 3 rd largest city••• Monterrey. 16. 4th largest city••• Puebla. 17. 21 cities ••• Population of 25,000 or more. 18. Population: A) Density is over 27 per square mile. B) 70% live above 3,000 feet sea level. C) 29% live above 6,000 feet sea level. -
Stear Dissertation COGA Submission 26 May 2015
BEYOND THE FIFTH SUN: NAHUA TELEOLOGIES IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES By ©Copyright 2015 Ezekiel G. Stear Submitted to the graduate degree program in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson, Santa Arias ________________________________ Verónica Garibotto ________________________________ Patricia Manning ________________________________ Rocío Cortés ________________________________ Robert C. Schwaller Date Defended: May 6, 2015! ii The Dissertation Committee for Ezekiel G. Stear certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: BEYOND THE FIFTH SUN: NAHUA TELEOLOGIES IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES ________________________________ Chairperson, Santa Arias Date approved: May 6, 2015 iii Abstract After the surrender of Mexico-Tenochtitlan to Hernán Cortés and his native allies in 1521, the lived experiences of the Mexicas and other Nahuatl-speaking peoples in the valley of Mexico shifted radically. Indigenous elites during this new colonial period faced the disappearance of their ancestral knowledge, along with the imposition of Christianity and Spanish rule. Through appropriations of linear writing and collaborative intellectual projects, the native population, in particular the noble elite sought to understand their past, interpret their present, and shape their future. Nahua traditions emphasized balanced living. Yet how one could live out that balance in unknown times ahead became a topic of ongoing discussion in Nahua intellectual communities, and a question that resounds in the texts they produced. Writing at the intersections of Nahua studies, literary and cultural history, and critical theory, in this dissertation I investigate how indigenous intellectuals in Mexico-Tenochtitlan envisioned their future as part of their re-evaluations of the past. -
Ancient Nahuatl Poetry - Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature Number VII
Ancient Nahuatl Poetry - Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature Number VII. Daniel G. Brinton The Project Gutenberg EBook of Ancient Nahuatl Poetry, by Daniel G. Brinton This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Ancient Nahuatl Poetry Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature Number VII. Author: Daniel G. Brinton Release Date: April 30, 2004 [EBook #12219] Language: (English and Nahuatl) Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ANCIENT NAHUATL POETRY *** Produced by David Starner, GF Untermeyer and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team [* Transcriber's note: The following substitutions have been made for diacritical marks in the original text which are not available at DP: For vowels with a breve: [)a], [)e], [)i], [)o], [)u]. For vowels with a macron: [=a], [=e], [=i], [=o], [=u]. *] ANCIENT NAHUATL POETRY, CONTAINING THE NAHUATL TEXT OF XXVII ANCIENT MEXICAN POEMS. BRITON'S LIBRARY OF ABORIGINAL AMERICAN LITERATURE, NUMBER VII. WITH A TRANSLATION, INTRODUCTION, NOTES AND VOCABULARY. BY DANIEL G. BRINTON 1890 PREFACE. It is with some hesitation that I offer this volume to the scientific public. The text of the ancient songs which it contains offers extreme and peculiar difficulties to the translator, and I have been obliged to pursue the task without assistance of any kind. Not a line of them has ever before been rendered into an European tongue, and my endeavors to obtain aid from some of the Nahuatl scholars of Mexico have, for various reasons, proved ineffectual. -
Encounter with the Plumed Serpent
Maarten Jansen and Gabina Aurora Pérez Jiménez ENCOUNTENCOUNTEERR withwith thethe Drama and Power in the Heart of Mesoamerica Preface Encounter WITH THE plumed serpent i Mesoamerican Worlds From the Olmecs to the Danzantes GENERAL EDITORS: DAVÍD CARRASCO AND EDUARDO MATOS MOCTEZUMA The Apotheosis of Janaab’ Pakal: Science, History, and Religion at Classic Maya Palenque, GERARDO ALDANA Commoner Ritual and Ideology in Ancient Mesoamerica, NANCY GONLIN AND JON C. LOHSE, EDITORS Eating Landscape: Aztec and European Occupation of Tlalocan, PHILIP P. ARNOLD Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks, and Cultures, Revised Edition, ANTHONY AVENI Encounter with the Plumed Serpent: Drama and Power in the Heart of Mesoamerica, MAARTEN JANSEN AND GABINA AURORA PÉREZ JIMÉNEZ In the Realm of Nachan Kan: Postclassic Maya Archaeology at Laguna de On, Belize, MARILYN A. MASSON Life and Death in the Templo Mayor, EDUARDO MATOS MOCTEZUMA The Madrid Codex: New Approaches to Understanding an Ancient Maya Manuscript, GABRIELLE VAIL AND ANTHONY AVENI, EDITORS Mesoamerican Ritual Economy: Archaeological and Ethnological Perspectives, E. CHRISTIAN WELLS AND KARLA L. DAVIS-SALAZAR, EDITORS Mesoamerica’s Classic Heritage: Teotihuacan to the Aztecs, DAVÍD CARRASCO, LINDSAY JONES, AND SCOTT SESSIONS Mockeries and Metamorphoses of an Aztec God: Tezcatlipoca, “Lord of the Smoking Mirror,” GUILHEM OLIVIER, TRANSLATED BY MICHEL BESSON Rabinal Achi: A Fifteenth-Century Maya Dynastic Drama, ALAIN BRETON, EDITOR; TRANSLATED BY TERESA LAVENDER FAGAN AND ROBERT SCHNEIDER Representing Aztec Ritual: Performance, Text, and Image in the Work of Sahagún, ELOISE QUIÑONES KEBER, EDITOR The Social Experience of Childhood in Mesoamerica, TRACI ARDREN AND SCOTT R. HUTSON, EDITORS Stone Houses and Earth Lords: Maya Religion in the Cave Context, KEITH M. -
GURPS Low-Tech Companion 2: Weapons and Warriors Is Copyright © 2010 by Steve Jackson Games Incorporated
Written by PETER V. DELL’ORTO, DAN HOWARD, and WILLIAM H. STODDARD Edited by SEAN PUNCH Illustrated by ROD REIS An e23 Sourcebook for GURP S® STEVE JACKSON GAMES ® Stock #37-1662 Version 1.0 – December 2010 CONTENTS I NTRODUCTION . 3 The Modern Army . 11 Stakes/Pickets . 26 About the Authors . 3 Naval Warfare . 11 Trench . 26 About GURPS . 3 Roman Field Camp . 26 2. WEAPONS CITY DEFENSES . 27 1. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION AND ARMOR . 12 Ditch and Rampart (TL0) . 27 OF COMBAT GEAR . 4 WEAPON DESIGN . 12 Dry Stone (TL0) . 27 HUNTERS AND GATHERERS . 4 Realistic Weapons . 12 Hard Earth (TL0) . 27 Axes (TL0) . 4 Armor-Piercing Weapons . 12 Hedge (TL0) . 27 Spears (TL0) . 4 Training Weapons . 13 Wooden Palisade (TL0) . 27 Throwing Sticks (TL0) . 4 Combination Weapons . 15 Brick (TL1) . 27 Bolas (TL0) . 4 Determining Weapon ST . 15 Cribwork (TL1) . 28 THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS . 5 Cinematic Weapons . 16 Mortared Stone (TL1) . 28 Early Warfare . 5 Cool Ethnic Weapons Piled Turf (TL1) . 28 Clubs and Maces (TL0) . 5 and Armor . 16 Concrete (TL2) . 28 Microlithic Edges (TL0) . 5 Throwing the Unthrowable . 17 Embossing (TL2) . 28 Slings (TL0) . 5 Spiky Bits . 18 FORTRESSES . 28 Blades (TL0) . 5 SHIELD OPTIONS . 18 Causewayed Enclosure (TL0) . 28 Circumvallation . 5 Fighting With Shields . 18 Hill Fort (TL1) . 28 Massed Combat . 6 Shield Damage . 19 Terramara (TL1) . 28 The Bow . 6 Customizing Shields . 19 Motte and Bailey (TL2) . 29 The Rise of the Chariot (TL1) . 6 SCALING WEAPONS Castles (TL2) . 29 THE ANCIENT WORLD . 7 AND ARMOR . 20 Guards and Watchers . 29 The Iron Age (TL2) . -
The Sword and the Scimitar Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE SWORD AND THE SCIMITAR PDF, EPUB, EBOOK David Ball | 784 pages | 05 Aug 2004 | Cornerstone | 9780099457954 | English | London, United Kingdom The Sword and the Scimitar PDF Book Set within wh A powerful historical masterpiece by an accomplished author, who brings history vividly to life in all its vibrancy and grittiness. Packaging should be the same as what is found in a retail store, unless the item is handmade or was packaged by the manufacturer in non-retail packaging, such as an unprinted box or plastic bag. Sep 13, John Cheeseman rated it really liked it. Flag of Hayreddin Barbarossa. Andree Sanborn added it Mar 30, Download as PDF Printable version. He is best known for his "Eagle" series. Etymology Tolkien uses the term "scimitar" to describe any curved blade existing in Middle-earth. Raymond Chandler Paperback Books. In that case, we can't My only criticism is its somewhat dry style; the book reads like a long-form encyclopedia article. I am constantly in awe of how Simon Scarrow writes such starkly poignant and powerfully dramatic stories that reach out to your inmost core, touching you with authenticity, delicate ambience and realism. You know the saying: There's no time like the present The book is a very detailed account of the many battles between the two Abrahamic faiths. Namespaces Article Talk. How the heck is it possible the Islamic world was the torchbearer of science and knowledge for centuries given the realities shared in the book? Refresh and try again. Daily life in the medieval Islamic world. And I'm not a big "We are all the prisoners of our history. -
Whittaker-Annotated Atlbib July 31 2014
1 Annotated Atlatl Bibliography John Whittaker Grinnell College version of August 2, 2014 Introduction I began accumulating this bibliography around 1996, making notes for my own uses. Since I have access to some obscure articles, I thought it might be useful to put this information where others can get at it. Comments in brackets [ ] are my own comments, opinions, and critiques, and not everyone will agree with them. I try in particular to note problems in some of the studies that are often cited by others with less atlatl knowledge, and correct some of the misinformation. The thoroughness of the annotation varies depending on when I read the piece and what my interests were at the time. The many articles from atlatl newsletters describing contests and scores are not included. I try to find news media mentions of atlatls, but many have little useful info. There are a few peripheral items, relating to topics like the dating of the introduction of the bow, archery, primitive hunting, projectile points, and skeletal anatomy. Through the kindness of Lorenz Bruchert and Bill Tate, in 2008 I inherited the articles accumulated for Bruchert’s extensive atlatl bibliography (Bruchert 2000), and have been incorporating those I did not have in mine. Many previously hard to get articles are now available on the web - see for instance postings on the Atlatl Forum at the Paleoplanet webpage http://paleoplanet69529.yuku.com/forums/26/t/WAA-Links-References.html and on the World Atlatl Association pages at http://www.worldatlatl.org/ If I know about it, I will sometimes indicate such an electronic source as well as the original citation, but at heart I am an old-fashioned paper-lover. -
Morelos | Minneapolis
MIGRATION FROM MORELOS TO MINNESOTA: BUILDING BROADER COMMUNITIES IN THE AMERICAS Adriana Martínez Rodríguez Samuel Rosado Zaidi Fundación Comunidad Morelos Minneapolis Foundation Building Broader Communities in the Americas November 2020 Migration from Morelos to Minnesota: Building Broader Communities in the Americas Final Research Report, 2019-2020 Research, analysis and text: Adriana Martínez Rodríguez and Samuel Rosado Zaidi, Colectivo Multidisciplinario por las Alternativas Locales (COMAL) Fundación Comunidad, A.C. Humboldt 46-B, Cuernavaca, Centro, Centro, CP 62000, Morelos. Teléfono 777 314 1841 www.comunidad.org.mx The Minneapolis Foundation 800 IDS Center, 80 S Eighth Street Minneapolis, MN 55402 www.minneapolisfoundation.org The Inter-American Foundation 1331 Pennsylvania Ave. NW Suite 1200 North Washington, DC 20004 www.iaf.gov/es/ This Report was possible thanks to the generous support of the Building Broader Communities in the Americas Initiative, The Minneapolis Foundation and Fundación Comunidad, A.C. Cover photography: Los tikuanes de Xoxo, by Emanuel Deonicio Palma. Expert consulting: Dr. Ana Alicia Peña López, Faculty of Economics, National Autonomous University of Mexico. Editorial design and edition: Octavio Rosas Landa R. Translation from Spanish: Beatriz Álvarez Klein, Jana Schroeder, Pepe Osorio Gumá and Evelyn Arón. The English language translation was approved by Fundación Comunidad Morelos and BBCA Initiative. We thank the 6th semester Social Work students from the Social Studies Faculty at Temixco, Morelos, for making this project their own. They were in charge of the interviews in the state of Morelos, so this Report is also a result of their professional commitment. We thank Emanuel Deonicio Palma, from Yankuik Kuikamatilistli, for his creative inspiration and for granting permis- sion for the use of some of his photographic work in this Report. -
The Macuahuitl: an Innovative Weapon of the Late Post-Classic in Mesoamerica
Arms Gf Armour, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2006 The macuahuitl: an innovative weapon of the Late Post-Classic in Mesoamerica Marco Antonio Cervera Obregon Archaeologist, National School of Anthropology and History^ Mexico City This study is intended to shed some light on a number of issues relating to the famous Aztec weapon called the macuahuitl. This well-known artefact still presents many problems of interpretation, resulting in a polemic that still rages regarding its origin, spatial-temporal distribution and its real role in Mesoamerican cultural development. The subject of warfare in Mesoamerica is still one of the main areas of investigation for many researchers. However, it is common for researchers to analyze the military phenomenon from a completely symbolic standpoint and overlook the practical aspects such as military tactics, weapons systems and battlefield successes. It is against this background that I have developed a programme of investigation that I have called the Research Programme into Military Equipment in Mesoamerica, which considers the phenomenon of war throughout Mesoamerica from various perspectives. I have initially focused this programme on weapons systems among the Mexicas as they relate to the battlefield. Sus armas eran unas navajas agudas, de pedemales, puestas de una pane y de otra de un baston, y era esta arrria tan furiosa, que afimiaban que de un golpe echaban con ella la cabeza de un caballo abajo, cortando toda la cerviz. Their weapons were sharp blades of obsidian, set into opposite sides of a club, and this weapon was so fierce that they claimed that with one stroke they could chop off a horse's head, cutting right through the neck. -
Ziy A(Z/D HQ
ziy A(Z/d HQ. / 5 31 PEDRO DE MOCTEZUMA AND HIS DESCENDENTS (1521-1718) DISSERTATION Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Ann Prather Hollingsworth Denton, Texas May, 198 0 -ft Hollingsworth, Ann Prather, Pedro de Moctezuma and his Descendents, 1521-1718. Doctor of Philosophy (History), May, 1980, 159 pp., 6 illustrations, 3 tables, bibliography, 119 titles. In 1521 a band of several hundred Spaniards overthrew the Aztec empire in Mexico and its ruler, Moctezuma II. This defeat in itself created a major cultural shock for the indigenious population, but the later arrival of Spanish officials and colonists constituted a far greater if less dramatic upheaval. For the victorious Spaniards rejected Aztec governmental institutions, considering them to be distinctly inferior, and quickly substituted their own. Moctezuma II and a substantial number of the Aztec ruling class had died during the violence which accompanied the conquest and those who remained were not permitted to exercise leadership. It was, however, the stated policy of the Spanish Crown that the Indian population of New Spain should be treated with kindness, allowed to retain their property, and led gently toward acceptance of the Christian faith. Among the surviving members of the Aztec nobility were several of the emperor's children, to whom Spanish authorities accorded special attention because of their unique position. Moctezuma II1s son, Tlacahuepan, who on his conversion was baptized Pedro de Moctezuma, was one who received special grants and favors, for it was the Crown's intention that members of the emperor's family should be treated with consideration and be provided with the means to live in a fashion suitable to their aristocratic lineage.