1881. Congressional Record-Senate
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• 1881. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 75 free trade with all the other States, and yet are competing success our exports and imports conclusively shows that we have not yet fully with the old-established machinery and trained labor of 1\fa.ssa reached that position where it is possible for us to have a larger chnsetts. That is the best answer to all these high pTotection argu amount of exports. We have not yet supplied t]:le demand for home ments about Atlanta; because, if the manufactUTes in Georgia needed consumption. :protection it would be against the machinery of l\fassachusetts, which l\fr. President, there are many points that I might comment upon, is so extensive and ha.s been so long established. It is machinery but I prefer to have the bill referred to the committee, and when it -the South is contending- with and the organized labor ofNew·Eng comes back again if the Senator from Kentucky, or other Senators, land, and. she is doing 1t without any protective tariff, against the desire to discuss the relative merits of this bill and the proposition advanta~es New England has over her, and they are great-er than presented by the Senator from Arkansas there will be ample oppor "Ithose of £ingland over New England. tunity. I said En~land owns 52 per cent. of all the sea-going trade of the The PRESIDING OFFICER, (Mr. COCKRELL in the chair.) The world, civilized and uncivilized; and in regard to the so-called de bill will be referred to the Committee on Finance, if there be no tplorable condition into which that trade ha.s brought her, these are objection. The bill introduced by the Senator from Arkansas will troublesome answers: Her population was 26,500,000 in 1841; it was also be referred, if there be no objection. 35,000,000 in 1881 ; yet the paupers that had to be supported were M.r. GARLAND. That is what I wish. ·201,000 in 1849, and 111,000 in 1880, less than one-half, with 10,000,000 The bill (S. No. 86) providing for a commission to examine into the .more population. The number of criminal convictions was 34,000 subject of the tariff, with a view of facilitating legislation in refer in 1840, under the highest influence of high protection. They were ence thereto, was taken from the table and referred to the Commit 15,680 in 1881. The taxable income of the people of England and tee on Finance. Ireland increased from £251,000,000 in 1842, when free trade began, [Several Executive messages were received from the President of to £582,0001000 in 1881, an increase of 130 per cent., while the popu the United States, by Mr. PRUDE.N, one of his secretaries.] lation only increased 33 per cent. Mr. ANTHONY. !move that the Senate proceed to the considera The annual value of the exports was swollen from £51,000,000 in tion of executive business. 1840 to £223,000,000 in 1880, an increase of 450 per cent., while the Mr. PENDLETON. I ask the Senator from Rhode Island to with .aavings of the working classes, leaving out of account all the com draw that motion in order that this present bill may be disposed of, forts of cheap food and supplies, had increased from £24,500,000 in and then I desire to call up a bill of which I gave notice several days 1840 to £75,500,000 in 1880. ago. Why, sir, in 18791 notwithstanding oUT great harvest and the dearth Mr. ANTHONY. Certainly, I withdraw the motion. that existed there, Great Britain's trade with other countries amounted Mr. PENDLETON. Have the bills been referred 'f to £612,000,000, with a population of 35,000,000 people, while ·the The PRESIDING OFFICER. They have already been referred. external trade of the United States, with a population of 50,000,000, THE CIVIL SERVICE . .amounted to only £239,000,000, over 85 per ceut. of which was purely .agricultural products, with hardly any manufactures going to any Mr. PENDLETON. I move that the Senate now take up fer con 133) ()f the 1,400,000,000 people outside of the United States. sideration the bill (S. No. to regulate and improve the civil serv The Senator from Vermont, of course, is high authority as to the ice of the United States. •cortdition ofthis country, and I admit it; and I am only sorry to see The motion was agreed to. that we are not giving om people a fair chance, such as I think they 1\Ir. PENDLETON. ·This bill being now before the Senate, will it 'Ought to have With a revenue tariff, such as we had in 1846, to be be the unfinished business to-morrow after the morning hour if the come more prosperous than they are. Mr. Gladstone ought to know Senate now goes into executive session 'I' .about the condition of England, and he made a speech the other day The PRESIDING OFFICER. It will be . Mr. PENDLETON. I then yield to the Senator from Rhode Island in which he said: · to make his motion for an executive session, retaining the floor. Mr. Gladstone e::q>ressed the firmest and strongest conviction that no govern The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Ohio ha1·ing the ment that could e:nst in that country would ever pledge its responsibility to any proposals for re!toring protective duties. It mi;~ht. as well attem:pt to overthrow floor yields to the Senator from Rhode Island. .any mstitution in the country as to overthrow we free-trade legislation. As re M.r. ANTHONY. I move that the Senate proceed to the consider $ards that le~lationhethoughtany one m:ight as well attempt t{) overthrow trial ation of executive business. oy jury, the nght of petition or of public meetin~, or to tear out of. the social and The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the con political system any one of the most cherished 1deas inherited from centuries of sideration of executive business. After five minutes spent in execu histor:y. * * * * * :.. tive session the doors were reopened, and (at two o'clock and forty As for America and her system of protection, he pointed out that in those coun minutes p.m.) the Senate adjourned. tries or markets where they met on a comP.aratively equal footing the exports from .America amounted to only £4,751,000, while those from the United Kingdom to the same quarter amounted to £78,140,000. ".America," :Mr. Gladstone said, "is a young (lOuntry with enormous vigor and enormous internal resources. She has com:mit ted-1 say it, I hope not with disrespect-I say it with strong and cordial sympathy, SENATE. but with much regret-she is committing errors of which we set her an example. :But from the enormous resources of her home market, the development of which ;internally is not touched by protection, she is able to com:mit those errors with TUESDAY, Decembe'r 13, 1881. less fatal consequences upon her people than we experienced when we committed them; and the enormous development of .American resources within casta almost Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J. J. BULLOCK, D. D. .entirely into the shade the puny character of the exports of her manufactures t() The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. the neutral markets of the world." He sim:ilaxly contrasted the trade of Germany, France, Russia, and Holland, and :MESSAGE FR0::\-1 THE HOUSE. proved that they as well were entirely thrown into the shade by the maligned free trade of Britain. Not only so, he pointed out that .in 1842 America controlled A message from the Honse of Representatives, by J\Ir. EDWARD four-fifths of her shippin~ trade with Britain, while now, in 1881, the scales were McPHERSON, its Clerk, announced the appointment by the Speaker .exactly reversed, and Bntmn did four-fifths of the business, and that the best, and of Messrs. McKnn.EY of Ohio, PACHECO of California, BELFORD of the Americans only picked up their leavings. Colorado, WAIT of Connecticut, FORNEY of Alabama, DUNN of Ar Is that a gratifying condition for us T Does that speak well for pro kansa-s, :MARTIN of Delaware, DAVIDSON of Florida, STEPHENS of tection T No, Senators, our internal resource are almost boundless. Georgia, CANNO.N of Illinois, 0RTH of Indiana, KAssoN of Iowa, With a reasonable tariff for revenue we should be the greatest com ANDERSO.N of Kansas, CARLISLE of Kentucky, GIBSON of Louisiana, mercial people in the world, our ships would again be upon every DINGLEY of Maine, McLAJ\"E of l\faryland, HARRIS of Massachusetts, .sea, our manufacturers would produce tenfold what they now do, and HORR of Michigan, DUNNELL of Minnesota, HOOKER of Mississippi, .at prices to enable them to compete with other nations all over the FoRD of Missouri, V ALE..'ITINE of Nebraska, CASSIDY of Nevada, world, while the operatives would ha,ve constant employment, and not IIALLofNowHampshire,HrLLofNewJersey,CoxofNewYork,VANcE have t{) lie idle for consumption at home t.o keep them at work. Un of North Carolina, GEORGE of Oregon, O'NEILL of Pennsylvania, til you strike down all the abominable restrictive and protective CHACE of Rhode Island, AIKEN of South Carolina, PETTIBO~~ of features of the present system, (which no man can vindicate and no Tennessee, MILLs of Texas, JOYCE of Vermon-t;; TucKER of Virginia, man will try to vindicate when the facts are developed,) you will WILSON of West Virginia, and WILLIAMS ot Wtsconsin, the com never have any considerable export of manufactuTes to other parts mittee on the part of the House, to join a like committee appointed .of the world, because our manufacturers can only sell to our own on the part of the Senate, to consider and report by what token of people at the prices they now demand, and will not sell at the prices respect and affection it may be proper for the Congress of the United -that other people buy their goods at everywhere else.