1971 1973 The Seventies, 1970-1979  Evel Knievel sets a world record and jumps 19 cars  March 29 – last American soldier (non-pow) leaves Vietnam he hallenge of ecentering ociety  Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education – The  Congress passes the Education of the Handicapped Act T C R S Supreme Court rules unanimously that busing of students mandating Special Education programs nationally. (A Chronology; Page 1 of 2) may be ordered to achieve racial desegregation.  The US Drug Enforcement Administration is founded.  New York Times Co. v. United States: The Supreme Court  Serial murderer Dean Corll with 2 others murder 27 boys rules that the Pentagon Papers may be published, rejecting  Oil crisis – OPEC refused to sell oil to western countries in 1970 government injunctions as unconstitutional. response to the American support of Israel in the 1973 Yom  First Boeing 747 jumbo jet revolutionizes air travel and  The 26th Amendment to the United States Constitution Kippur War. Nixon imposes price controls, which caused peoples movements. lowers the voting age from 21 to 18. shortages and led to gasoline lines. Demonstrates US  “MacDonald Family Massacre” – father kills his pregnant wife  Nixon announces that the US will no longer convert dollars vulnerability to foreign powers. and daughters at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and clams that to gold at a fixed value, effectively ending the Bretton  Roe v.Wade “drugged out Hippies did it.” Woods system. He also imposes a 90-day freeze on wages,  The Court held that a woman's right to an abortion is  Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law, prices and rents. determined by the stage of pregnancy, and the state banning cigarette television advertisements. cannot prohibit abortion before viability. After  Apollo 13 experiences explosion in space; astronauts Jim 1972 viability, the state cannot prohibit abortion if abortion Lovell, Fred Haise, Jack Swigert survive.  The first scientific hand-held calculator is introduced ($395). "is necessary, in appropriate medical judgment, for the  First Earth Day is celebrated, triggering the environmental  Title IX of the Education Act bars gender discrimination in preservation of the life or health of the mother" as movement any programs receiving federal assistance. defined in the companion case of Doe v. Bolton  The moon landing that had occurred at the end of the  Major impact is seen in school-based sports programs  Congress overrides Nixon's veto of the War Powers previous decade transmitted back concrete images of the  U.S. airlines begin mandatory inspection of passengers/bags. Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war Earth as an integrated, life-supporting system and shaped  The U.S. and the Soviet Union join some 70 nations in without congressional approval. a public willingness to preserve nature. signing the Biological Weapons Convention, an agreement to  Leaders in the movement: Rachel Carson and Murray ban biological warfare. 1974 Bookchin  Governor George C. Wallace of Alabama is shot by Arthur  Nixon resigns, Gerald Ford becomes president  The New Haven Black Panther Trials were a series of 1970 Herman Bremer at a political rally. Bremer targeted Wallace  Ford soon thereafter pardons Nixon, making him criminal prosecutions against various members of the Black because he was unable to get Nixon, his preferred target. immune/protected from prosecution Panther Party. The charges ranged from criminal conspiracy to  Furman v. Georgia – The Supreme Court of the United States felony murder. All indictments stemmed from kidnapping and rules that the death penalty is unconstitutional. Overarching Themes of the Seventies murder of fellow Panther, nineteen-year-old Alex Rackley, in  Senator Thomas Eagleton, the Democratic vice-presidential  Social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as the early hours of 21st May 21 1969. The trials became a nominee, withdraws from the race after revealing he was increasing political awareness and political and economic rallying-point for the American left. once treated for mental illness. liberty of women, continued to grow.  “Hard Hat Riot” – Unionized construction workers in New  A racial riot involving more than 200 sailors breaks out  The hippie culture, which started in the latter half of the York attack about 1,000 students and others protesting the aboard the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Kitty 1960s, waned by the early 1970s and faded towards the Kent State shootings. Hawk; nearly 50 sailors are injured. middle part of the decade  The United States promotes its first female generals: Anna  Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution proposed, but  The environmentalist movement began to increase Mae Hays and Elizabeth Hoisington. falls three states short of becoming law. dramatically in this period  Congress gives Nixon the authority to sell arms to Israel.  Leaders in the movement: Gloria Steinem, Betty  The United States withdrew its military forces from their  The Wichita State University football team's "Gold" plane Friedan, Betty Ford, Shirley Chisholm, Bella Abzug, previous involvement in the Vietnam War which had grown crashes in Colorado, killing most of the players. Robin Morgan, Kate Millet and Elizabeth Holtzman enormously unpopular.  The Supreme Court votes 6–3 not to hear a case by the state of  Watergate break-in initiate the Watergate Scandal  The 1970s is referred to as the ‘Me Decade” Massachusetts, about the constitutionality of a state law  Dominant concerns of many had shifted from issues of granting Massachusetts residents the right to refuse military Literature social and political justice that were important in the service in an undeclared war.  Many of the books published in the 70's revolved around a 1960s to a more selfish focus on individual well-being.  Southern Airlines Flight 932 crashes in West Virginia; all 75 general theme of man's alienation from his spiritual roots. on board, including 37 players and 5 coaches from the  John Updike portrayed characters trying to find meaning in a Prominent individuals Marshall University football team, are killed. society spiritually empty and in a state of moral decay.  Benjamin Spock – A pediatrician and social reformer  The Occupational Safety and Health Act is enacted. Its main  Joyce Carol Oates wrote of the search for spiritual meaning whose permissive philosophy in his influential book, ‘The goal is to ensure that employers provide employees with an in the contemporary world. Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care’, was environment free from recognized hazards, such as exposure to  Kurt Vonnegut explored the loneliness of contemporary blamed for many social problems in the 1970's. toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, society and the power hungry materialism that pervaded it.  Cesar Chavez – Organized farm workers to demand higher heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions.  One of the strongest literary voices to emerge from this wages and health insurance for migrant workers in California.  The Environmental Protection Agency is created by Nixon decade was Toni Morrison, who examined the Black  Shirley Chisholm – First African-American woman elected  First Gay Pride march is held in New York, American experience as never before. to the U.S. House of Representatives; ran for the office of commemorating the first anniversary of the Stonewall President of the United States in 1972 Rebellion. Democrat Jimmy Carter benefitted by a despondent national 1979 The Seventies, 1970-1979 mood in the 1976 elections. The previous fifteen years had  America's most serious nuclear power plant accident, at he hallenge of ecentering ociety witnessed on a national scale. . . . Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania T C R S ➢ Domestic unrest, rebellion and anarchy, as well as  U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the first directive for (A Chronology; Page 2 of 2) entanglement in Vietnam secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in ➢ A fracturing of society at all levels Kabul. ➢ Political corruption, disgrace and the perception of cover-up  He is funding the Afghanistan resistance – called the 1975 (Ford pardoning Nixon) ‘Mujahideen’ – against the Soviets.  President Gerald Ford appoints Vice President Nelson ➢ Assassinations of political leaders  Raymond Washington, co-founder of the Crips, today one Rockefeller to head a special commission looking into alleged Carter, perceived as a Washington outsider and reformer, and of the largest, most notorious gangs, is shot and killed 5 domestic abuses by the CIA. viewed as a grandfatherly-type figure, was seen as offering a months after his arrest for quadruple murder (his killers  In response to the energy crisis, daylight saving time reprieve from the chaos and, importantly, offered stability. have not yet been identified). commences nearly 2 months early in the United States.  Movies: Star Trek, The Motion Picture !  Bill Gates founds Microsoft. 1977  Federal Reserve System changes from an interest rate  October 11 – First episode of Saturday Night Live  President Carter pardons Vietnam War draft evaders. target policy to a money supply target policy, causing  An independent audit of Mattel, one of the United States'  The Supreme Court of the United States rules that states are interest rate fluctuations and economic recession largest toy manufacturers, reveals that company officials not required to spend Medicaid funds on elective abortions.  Iran hostage crisis ensues – 52 Americans were held fabricated press releases and financial information to "maintain  Elvis Presley dies in his home in Graceland at age 42. 75,000 hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979 to January the appearance of continued corporate growth." fans lined the streets of Memphis for this funeral 20, 1981, after a group of Islamist students and militants  Congress guaranteed equal educational access to the  The NASA Space Shuttle, named Enterprise, makes its first took over the American Embassy in support of the Iranian handicapped with the Education of All Handicapped Children test free-flight. Revolution Act of 1975.  The modern Food Stamp Program begins when the Food  President Carter orders a halt to all oil imports into  Movies: Jaws! Stamp Act of 1977 is enacted the United States from Iran  The Indian Self-Determination Act encouraged Indians to take  Movies: Star Wars, episode IV !  Carter issues Executive Order 12170, freezing all control of their own education and promote their tribal  San Francisco elects City Supervisor Harvey Milk, the first Iranian assets in the United States and U.S. banks in customs. openly gay elected official of any US large city response to the hostage crisis.  Assassinated a year later, along with Mayor George  Nuclear false alarm: NORAD detected purported massive 1976 Moscone, by Dan White, a disgruntled city employee. Soviet nuclear strike.  The New Jersey Supreme Court rules that coma patient Karen  After reviewing satellite data and checking the early Ann Quinlan can be disconnected from her ventilator. She 1978 warning radars, the alert was cancelled remains comatose and dies in 1985.  Stump v. Sparkman – the leading Supreme Court decision on  Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve judicial immunity. A Indiana judge was sued by a young Economic Themes in the Seventies Wozniak. woman whom he had ordered to be sterilized. It held a judge  Oil crisis’s caused by oil embargoes by the Organization  Gregg v. Georgia – The Supreme Court rules that the death may not be sued as long as his decision was in accordance of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The crisis saw penalty is not inherently cruel or unusual and is a with reasonable interpretations of the law. the first instance of stagflation which began a political and constitutionally acceptable form of punishment  President Carter decides to postpone production of the economic trend of the replacement of Keynesian economic  Challenging a sitting Republican President for the nomination, neutron bomb – a weapon which kills people with radiation theory with neoliberal economic theory Ronald Reagan announces his choice of liberal U.S. Senator but leaves buildings relatively intact.  "Stagflation", a phenomenon in which inflation and Richard Schweiker as his vice presidential running mate, in an  This decision is prompted by protests against his unemployment steadily increased, therefore leading to effort to woo moderate Republican delegates away from administrations pans to deploy warheads in Europe. double-digit interest rates that rose to unprecedented levels President Gerald Ford. Reagan will restart production in 1981. (above 12% per year)  Ford wins the nomination anyway.  Garfield, which eventually becomes the world's most widely  The 1970s were perhaps the worst decade of most  In New York City, the "Son of Sam" pulls a gun from a paper syndicated comic strip, makes its debut. industrialized countries' economic performance since the bag, killing 1 and seriously wounding another, in the first of a  University of California Regents v. Bakke – The Supreme Great Depression. Although there was no severe series of attacks that terrorize the city for the next year. Court bars quota systems in college admissions but affirms economic depression as witnessed in the 1970s, economic  In San Francisco, during his second televised debate with the constitutionality of programs which give advantages to growth rates were considerably lower than previous Jimmy Carter, U.S. President Gerald Ford stumbles when he minorities. decades. declares that "there is no Soviet domination of Eastern  American religious cult leader Jim Jones and 900 of his  The rise of interdependence (globalization) is clear. Europe" followers die in mass suicide in Jonestown, Guyana.  As a result, the 1970s adversely distinguished itself from  Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota runs for President (for the 5th the prosperous postwar period between 1945 and 1973. time!) as an independent. Steve Prefontaine, dies 30th May 1975  The oil shocks of 1973 and 1979 added to the existing  He promised to create full employment by shortening the  Inspired the running boom of the 1970s; spoke for Nike ailments and conjured high inflation throughout much of work week; anti-nuclear weapons; 15 running mates in’76!  In his outspoken rebellious nature, he advocated for gender the world for the rest of the decade.  The Copyright Act of 1976 extends copyright duration for an equality in sports.  U.S. manufacturing industries began to decline as a result, additional 20 years in the United States. ➢ He may be the most nationally-consequential Oregonian! with the US running its last trade surplus in 1975 Name: ______Period: _____ Date: ______

Please identify the year in which the event occurred.

YEAR 26 Supreme Court case allowing the Pentagon Papers to be published

1 52 Americans taken hostage for 444 days in Iran 27 Supreme Court case ruling death penalty unconstitutional 2 Apollo 13 28 Supreme Court decision addressing the legalization of abortion 3 Attica prison revolt 4 Celebration of the First Earth Day in the United States Supreme Court refuses to heard Massachusetts case regarding 29 draft refusal 5 Daylight savings time starts two months early

6 Development of the Neutron bomb is postponed. Supreme Court rules programs may give advantageous support 7 Education of All Handicapped Children Act becomes law 30 to minorities, but not in the form of quotas 8 Environmental Protection Agency created Supreme Court rules that a judge may not be sued just because First openly gay official is elected in a major US city (San 31 the defendant does not like the cases outcome 9 Francisco) 10 First two female generals promoted in US armed forces Supreme Court rules that states are not required to use Medicaid 32 funds on elective abortions 11 Food stamp program introduced

Ford in debate against Carter appears out-of-touch with the realities Supreme Court rules the death penalty is ruled constitutional, 33 and becomes law again 12 of the Cold War.

13 Ford pardons Nixon The Watergate investigation prompts the president to resign the 14 Last US soldier leaves Vietnam 34 White House 35 Three Mile Island nuclear reactor power plant accident Liberal Democrat chosen as vice presidential candidate alongside 36 Two airlines crash, killing university football teams. 15 conservative Republican Reagan 37 US decoupled the dollar from the Gold standard 16 MacDonald Family Massacre 38 US is funding the Mujahedeen resistance in Afghanistan 17 Microsoft is founded 39 US signs agreement to ban biological weapons Native Americans encouraged to take control of their own education 18 and promote tribal customs Vice Presidential candidate withdrawals from race after 40 disclosure of mental illness 19 Nelson appointed Vice President under Ford 41 Vietnam draft evaders are pardoned by the president 20 Nixon signs Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act 42 Voting age lowered to 18 (from 21) 21 Nuclear false alarm

22 Occupational Safety and Health Act War Powers Resolution becomes law, in spite of the president's 23 On the anniversary of the Stonewall Riots, the first Gay Right March 43 veto 24 Race riot on US aircraft carrier 44 Watergate break in 25 Supreme Court case allowing for busing