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A New Nation Struggles to Find Its Footing

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A New Nation Struggles to Find Its Footing 1971 1973 The Seventies, 1970-1979 Evel Knievel sets a world record and jumps 19 cars March 29 – last American soldier (non-pow) leaves Vietnam he hallenge of ecentering ociety Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education – The Congress passes the Education of the Handicapped Act T C R S Supreme Court rules unanimously that busing of students mandating Special Education programs nationally. (A Chronology; Page 1 of 2) may be ordered to achieve racial desegregation. The US Drug Enforcement Administration is founded. New York Times Co. v. United States: The Supreme Court Serial murderer Dean Corll with 2 others murder 27 boys rules that the Pentagon Papers may be published, rejecting Oil crisis – OPEC refused to sell oil to western countries in 1970 government injunctions as unconstitutional. response to the American support of Israel in the 1973 Yom First Boeing 747 jumbo jet revolutionizes air travel and The 26th Amendment to the United States Constitution Kippur War. Nixon imposes price controls, which caused peoples movements. lowers the voting age from 21 to 18. shortages and led to gasoline lines. Demonstrates US “MacDonald Family Massacre” – father kills his pregnant wife Nixon announces that the US will no longer convert dollars vulnerability to foreign powers. and daughters at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and clams that to gold at a fixed value, effectively ending the Bretton Roe v.Wade “drugged out Hippies did it.” Woods system. He also imposes a 90-day freeze on wages, The Court held that a woman's right to an abortion is Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law, prices and rents. determined by the stage of pregnancy, and the state banning cigarette television advertisements. cannot prohibit abortion before viability. After Apollo 13 experiences explosion in space; astronauts Jim 1972 viability, the state cannot prohibit abortion if abortion Lovell, Fred Haise, Jack Swigert survive. The first scientific hand-held calculator is introduced ($395). "is necessary, in appropriate medical judgment, for the First Earth Day is celebrated, triggering the environmental Title IX of the Education Act bars gender discrimination in preservation of the life or health of the mother" as movement any programs receiving federal assistance. defined in the companion case of Doe v. Bolton The moon landing that had occurred at the end of the Major impact is seen in school-based sports programs Congress overrides Nixon's veto of the War Powers previous decade transmitted back concrete images of the U.S. airlines begin mandatory inspection of passengers/bags. Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war Earth as an integrated, life-supporting system and shaped The U.S. and the Soviet Union join some 70 nations in without congressional approval. a public willingness to preserve nature. signing the Biological Weapons Convention, an agreement to Leaders in the movement: Rachel Carson and Murray ban biological warfare. 1974 Bookchin Governor George C. Wallace of Alabama is shot by Arthur Nixon resigns, Gerald Ford becomes president The New Haven Black Panther Trials were a series of 1970 Herman Bremer at a political rally. Bremer targeted Wallace Ford soon thereafter pardons Nixon, making him criminal prosecutions against various members of the Black because he was unable to get Nixon, his preferred target. immune/protected from prosecution Panther Party. The charges ranged from criminal conspiracy to Furman v. Georgia – The Supreme Court of the United States felony murder. All indictments stemmed from kidnapping and rules that the death penalty is unconstitutional. Overarching Themes of the Seventies murder of fellow Panther, nineteen-year-old Alex Rackley, in Senator Thomas Eagleton, the Democratic vice-presidential Social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as the early hours of 21st May 21 1969. The trials became a nominee, withdraws from the race after revealing he was increasing political awareness and political and economic rallying-point for the American left. once treated for mental illness. liberty of women, continued to grow. “Hard Hat Riot” – Unionized construction workers in New A racial riot involving more than 200 sailors breaks out The hippie culture, which started in the latter half of the York attack about 1,000 students and others protesting the aboard the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Kitty 1960s, waned by the early 1970s and faded towards the Kent State shootings. Hawk; nearly 50 sailors are injured. middle part of the decade The United States promotes its first female generals: Anna Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution proposed, but The environmentalist movement began to increase Mae Hays and Elizabeth Hoisington. falls three states short of becoming law. dramatically in this period Congress gives Nixon the authority to sell arms to Israel. Leaders in the movement: Gloria Steinem, Betty The United States withdrew its military forces from their The Wichita State University football team's "Gold" plane Friedan, Betty Ford, Shirley Chisholm, Bella Abzug, previous involvement in the Vietnam War which had grown crashes in Colorado, killing most of the players. Robin Morgan, Kate Millet and Elizabeth Holtzman enormously unpopular. The Supreme Court votes 6–3 not to hear a case by the state of Watergate break-in initiate the Watergate Scandal The 1970s is referred to as the ‘Me Decade” Massachusetts, about the constitutionality of a state law Dominant concerns of many had shifted from issues of granting Massachusetts residents the right to refuse military Literature social and political justice that were important in the service in an undeclared war. Many of the books published in the 70's revolved around a 1960s to a more selfish focus on individual well-being. Southern Airlines Flight 932 crashes in West Virginia; all 75 general theme of man's alienation from his spiritual roots. on board, including 37 players and 5 coaches from the John Updike portrayed characters trying to find meaning in a Prominent individuals Marshall University football team, are killed. society spiritually empty and in a state of moral decay. Benjamin Spock – A pediatrician and social reformer The Occupational Safety and Health Act is enacted. Its main Joyce Carol Oates wrote of the search for spiritual meaning whose permissive philosophy in his influential book, ‘The goal is to ensure that employers provide employees with an in the contemporary world. Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care’, was environment free from recognized hazards, such as exposure to Kurt Vonnegut explored the loneliness of contemporary blamed for many social problems in the 1970's. toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, society and the power hungry materialism that pervaded it. Cesar Chavez – Organized farm workers to demand higher heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions. One of the strongest literary voices to emerge from this wages and health insurance for migrant workers in California. The Environmental Protection Agency is created by Nixon decade was Toni Morrison, who examined the Black Shirley Chisholm – First African-American woman elected First Gay Pride march is held in New York, American experience as never before. to the U.S. House of Representatives; ran for the office of commemorating the first anniversary of the Stonewall President of the United States in 1972 Rebellion. Democrat Jimmy Carter benefitted by a despondent national 1979 The Seventies, 1970-1979 mood in the 1976 elections. The previous fifteen years had America's most serious nuclear power plant accident, at he hallenge of ecentering ociety witnessed on a national scale. Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania T C R S ➢ Domestic unrest, rebellion and anarchy, as well as U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the first directive for (A Chronology; Page 2 of 2) entanglement in Vietnam secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in ➢ A fracturing of society at all levels Kabul. ➢ Political corruption, disgrace and the perception of cover-up He is funding the Afghanistan resistance – called the 1975 (Ford pardoning Nixon) ‘Mujahideen’ – against the Soviets. President Gerald Ford appoints Vice President Nelson ➢ Assassinations of political leaders Raymond Washington, co-founder of the Crips, today one Rockefeller to head a special commission looking into alleged Carter, perceived as a Washington outsider and reformer, and of the largest, most notorious gangs, is shot and killed 5 domestic abuses by the CIA. viewed as a grandfatherly-type figure, was seen as offering a months after his arrest for quadruple murder (his killers In response to the energy crisis, daylight saving time reprieve from the chaos and, importantly, offered stability. have not yet been identified). commences nearly 2 months early in the United States. Movies: Star Trek, The Motion Picture ! Bill Gates founds Microsoft. 1977 Federal Reserve System changes from an interest rate October 11 – First episode of Saturday Night Live President Carter pardons Vietnam War draft evaders. target policy to a money supply target policy, causing An independent audit of Mattel, one of the United States' The Supreme Court of the United States rules that states are interest rate fluctuations and economic recession largest toy manufacturers, reveals that company officials not required to spend Medicaid funds on elective abortions. Iran hostage crisis ensues – 52 Americans were held fabricated
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