DOCSLIB.ORG

Changing the Attitudes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

MASARYK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATION Department of English language and literature Changing attitudes: Depiction of Protests against Vietnam War through generations Master’s thesis Brno 2017 Supervisor: Written by: Michael George M.A. Bc. Michaela Ciprysová Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně, a že jsem použila pouze uvedené zdroje. Souhlasím s uložení mé práce na Masarykově univerzitě v Brně v knihovně pedagogické fakulty a s jejím zpřístupněním ke studijním účelům. Brno, 25. března 2017 Michaela Ciprysová Declaration: I declare that I have worked on my thesis independently and that I have used only listed sources. I agree with the deposition of my thesis at Masaryk University, Brno, at the library of Faculty of Education and with making it accessible for study purposes. Brno, 25th March 2017 Michaela Ciprysová 1 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my supervisor Mr. Michael George for his kind, patient and valuable advice and the guidance that he provided during my work on the thesis. 2 Abstract This master‟s thesis analyses changes in attitudes of American citizens, traditional media and government towards the anti-war protests against the Vietnam War through six decades. The first part of the thesis focuses on the description of the anti- war movement, counterculture movement and other protest groups which disagreed with the government‟s war policies in Vietnam. There are also referenced the most significant protests events such as demonstrations, marches, sit-ins or illegal conducts in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The chapters of the second part of the thesis evaluate the changes in the attitudes of the citizens, the traditional media and the government in each decade starting with 1960s and ending in 21st century. Key words Vietnam War, protest, demonstration, students, attitude, media, anti-war movement, 1960s, 1970s Anotace Tato diplomová práce analyzuje změny v postoji amerických občanů, tradičních médií a vlády k protiválečným protestům proti válce ve Vietnamu během šesti desetiletí. První část této práce se soustředí na popis protiválečného hnutí, kontrakulturní hnutí a dalších protestních skupin, které nesouhlasily s vládní válečnou politikou ve Vietnamu. Jsou zde také popsány nejdůležitější protestní akce jako demonstrace, protestní pochody, sit-in a nelegální činy na konci 60. let a začátku 70. let. Kapitoly druhé části práce hodnotí změny v postojích občanů, tradičních médií a vlády v desetiletích počínaje 60. lety a konče 21. stoletím. Klíčová slova Válka ve Vietnamu, protest, demonstrace, studenti, postoj, média, protiválečné hnutí, 60. léta, 70. léta 3 Table of contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 6 2. Protests against the Vietnam War .................................................................................... 8 2.1. Early days of the war ............................................................................................... 8 2.2. Situations at universities ........................................................................................ 11 2.3. Demonstrations ...................................................................................................... 13 2.4. Illegal activities ...................................................................................................... 20 2.4.1. Illegal activities by conscripted men and soldiers .......................................... 20 2.4.2. Illegal activities by civilians .......................................................................... 27 2.5. Veterans ................................................................................................................. 31 2.5.1. Vietnam Veterans Against the War................................................................ 31 2.5.2. America‟s fighting men ................................................................................. 32 3. Reactions and attitudes in 1960s .................................................................................... 34 3.1. Attitudes of civilians .............................................................................................. 34 3.2. Attitudes of media .................................................................................................. 35 3.2.1. Television ....................................................................................................... 35 3.2.2. Newspapers .................................................................................................... 36 3.3. Attitudes of government......................................................................................... 44 4. Reactions and attitudes in 1970s .................................................................................... 47 4.1. Attitudes of civilians .............................................................................................. 47 4.2. Attitudes of media .................................................................................................. 48 4.2.1. Television ....................................................................................................... 48 4.2.2. Newspapers .................................................................................................... 49 4.3. Attitudes of government......................................................................................... 52 5. Reactions and attitudes in 1980s .................................................................................... 55 5.1. Attitudes of civilians .............................................................................................. 55 5.2. Attitudes of media .................................................................................................. 55 5.3. Attitudes of government......................................................................................... 56 6. Reactions and attitudes in 1990s .................................................................................... 58 6.1. Attitudes of civilians .............................................................................................. 58 6.2. Attitudes of media .................................................................................................. 59 6.3. Attitudes of government......................................................................................... 60 4 7. Reactions and attitudes in 21st century ........................................................................... 62 7.1. Attitudes of civilians .............................................................................................. 62 7.2. Attitudes of media .................................................................................................. 63 7.3. Attitudes of government......................................................................................... 64 8. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 66 9. References ...................................................................................................................... 68 9.1. Printed sources ....................................................................................................... 68 9.2. Online sources ........................................................................................................ 70 Appendices ............................................................................................................................. 77 5 1. Introduction The aim of the thesis is to describe the ramifications of the protests against the Vietnam War on the American culture and society. The portrayals and opinions on the protests by the media of that time strongly influenced the citizens in this era and the responses of the citizens brought consequences for the future generations. It is thus important to understand how these ramifications influence every generation of the Americans. The protests against the war were one of the first expressions of disagreement with the government by the vast number of the citizens since the Civil War. Before this time it would not had occurred to a majority of people to disagree with the official stand of the government. However the World War II and the War in Korea removed many restraints which had halted the citizens in expressing their opinion. The idea that people could publicly disagree with the government was novel and disconcerting for many people. As is the case with every revolutionary idea the artists reacted to the situation in their works and the media offered their comments. This thesis attempts to provide synoptic account of the matter of the protests and public reactions through generations and their influence on the society. Among the main materials which will be thoroughly studied and compared will be history books related to the topic, newspaper and magazine articles depicting the events, or television reports informing on the matter. A significant number of materials is offered by various libraries in Brno and more importantly by the libraries at Masaryk University. Some of the materials are available in online archives of some American universities, magazines and newspapers. Contributions of many historians or sociologists may be found in online periodicals. The main method used in the creation of this thesis will be a study of the materials regarding this topic and era, drawing comparisons
Recommended publications
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

    Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) ‘Whose Vietnam?’ - ‘Lessons learned’ and the dynamics of memory in American foreign policy after the Vietnam War Beukenhorst, H.B. Publication date 2012 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Beukenhorst, H. B. (2012). ‘Whose Vietnam?’ - ‘Lessons learned’ and the dynamics of memory in American foreign policy after the Vietnam War. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:02 Oct 2021 Bibliography Primary sources cited (Archival material, government publications, reports, surveys, etc.) ___________________________________________________________ Ronald Reagan Presidential Library (RRPL), Simi Valley, California NSC 1, February 6, 1981: Executive Secretariat, NSC: folder NSC 1, NSC Meeting Files, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library (RRPL). ‘News clippings’, Folder: ‘Central American Speech April 27, 1983 – May 21, 1983’, Box 2: Central American Speech – Exercise reports, Clark, William P.: Files, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library (RRPL).
  • Mcnamara According to Hendrickson--Power Corrupts

    Mcnamara According to Hendrickson--Power Corrupts

    Paul Hendrickson. The Living and the Dead: Robert McNamara and Five Lives of a Lost War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996. ix + 427 pp. $27.50, cloth, ISBN 978-0-679-42761-2. Reviewed by Oscar Patterson Published on H-PCAACA (December, 1996) Robert McNamara was president of Ford Mo‐ and at least two dead, and it was only a troop-fer‐ tor Company, president of the World Bank, and rying mission. Secretary of Defense under presidents John F. Norman Morrison's picture didn't make the Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson. He was completely cover of Life. Morrison, a Quaker, drenched his confident in the technological and military capaci‐ clothes with kerosene and struck a match. Direct‐ ty of the United States. But it took him thirty years ly below McNamara's office window in the Penta‐ to admit that "we were wrong, terribly wrong" in gon, Norman Morrison burned to death protest‐ the decisions made about Vietnam. If the num‐ ing the war in Vietnam. He dropped his daughter, bers worked, McNamara believed, all else fol‐ Emily, seconds before the fames completely con‐ lowed. sumed him. The Living and the Dead is painstakingly re‐ Marlene Vrooman went to Vietnam straight searched and often at odds with McNamara's own from a Catholic nursing program. Like most Army version of events. It examines his life in Califor‐ nurses, she was young and inexperienced. She nia, his career at Ford Motor Company, and his saw little blood during her training, but at Qui Vietnam-era decisions. It is Hendrickson's selec‐ Nhon in 1966 her unit treated 115 cases in under tion of those decisions and his exposition of how thirty hours.
  • PROTEST ACTIVITIES in SOUTHERN UNIVERSITIES, 1965-1972 Except

    PROTEST ACTIVITIES in SOUTHERN UNIVERSITIES, 1965-1972 Except

    PROTEST ACTIVITIES IN SOUTHERN UNIVERSITIES, 1965-1972 Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this thesis is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This thesis does not include proprietary or classified information. ________________________________________ Kristin Elizabeth Grabarek Certificate of Approval: _________________________ ________________________ Angela Lakwete David Carter, Chair Associate Professor Associate Professor History History _________________________ ________________________ Ruth Crocker Stephen L. McFarland Alumni Professor Acting Dean History Graduate School PROTEST ACTIVITIES IN SOUTHERN UNIVERSITIES, 1965-1972 Kristin E. Grabarek A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of History Auburn, Alabama May 11, 2006 PROTEST ACTIVITIES IN SOUTHERN UNIVERSITIES, 1965-1972 Kristin E. Grabarek Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this thesis at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. ______________________________ Signature of Author May 11, 2006 Date of Graduation iii THESIS ABSTRACT PROTEST ACTIVITIES IN SOUTHERN UNIVERSITIES, 1965-1972 Kristin E. Grabarek Master of History, May 11, 2006 (B.A., Greensboro College, 2003) 162 Typed Pages Directed by Dr. David Carter, Dr. Angela Lakwete, and Dr. Ruth Crocker This thesis examines the existence and character of protest movements in southern universities from the fall of 1965 through the spring of 1972, and offers an explanation for the student dissent in the South in these years while also accounting for its relevance to the study of the anti-Vietnam War and civil rights movements.
  • A New Nation Struggles to Find Its Footing

    A New Nation Struggles to Find Its Footing

    November 1965 Over 40,000 protesters led by several student activist Progression / Escalation of Anti-War groups surrounded the White House, calling for an end to the war, and Sentiment in the Sixties, 1963-1971 then marched to the Washington Monument. On that same day, President Johnson announced a significant escalation of (Page 1 of 2) U.S. involvement in Indochina, from 120,000 to 400,000 troops. May 1963 February 1966 A group of about 100 veterans attempted to return their The first coordinated Vietnam War protests occur in London and Australia. military awards/decorations to the White House in protest of the war, but These protests are organized by American pacifists during the annual were turned back. remembrance of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings. In the first major student demonstration against the war hundreds of students March 1966 Anti-war demonstrations were again held around the country march through Times Square in New York City, while another 700 march in and the world, with 20,000 taking part in New York City. San Francisco. Smaller numbers also protest in Boston, Seattle, and Madison, Wisconsin. April 1966 A Gallup poll shows that 59% of Americans believe that sending troops to Vietnam was a mistake. Among the age group of 21-29, 1964 Malcolm X starts speaking out against the war in Vietnam, influencing 71% believe it was a mistake compared to only 48% of those over 50. the views of his followers. May 1966 Another large demonstration, with 10,000 picketers calling for January 1965 One of the first violent acts of protest was the Edmonton aircraft an end to the war, took place outside the White House and the Washington bombing, where 15 of 112 American military aircraft being retrofitted in Monument.
  • The Kent State Shootings After Nearly 50 Years

    The Kent State Shootings After Nearly 50 Years

    The Kent State Shootings after Nearly 50 Years One Lawyer’s Remembrance Sanford Jay roSen Sanford Jay Rosen was the lead attorney for the dead and wounded students of the May 4, 1970, shootings at Kent State. Rosen came to the case in 1977 as lead counsel for the appeal following the victims’ loss of their cases in federal district court in Ohio. After he won the appeal, the cases were sent back to the district court for retrial. Rosen continues to practice law in San Francisco and is a founding partner at the San Francisco law firm Rosen, Bien, Galvan & Grunfeld, LLP. This piece was written in 2019. To understand my involvement in the Kent State cases, we begin with my father’s mother long before I was born in December 1937. Aida Grudsky was born in the late 1860s in Kiev, Ukraine. In 1905, she fled to America with her husband and two sons from Czarist Russia’s latest oppression of Jews. Neither son survived the journey. Her eldest, born in the United States, also died as a child. Perhaps because of her unspeakable suffering, Aida had an innate sense of injustice, which she passed on to me. My late wife Catherine was born in January 1940, just three weeks af- ter she was smuggled into the United States in her mother’s belly. Pregnant Jewish women were not allowed into the United States on visitors’ visas dur- ing World War II. The Nazis murdered Cathy’s maternal grandmother and that branch of Cathy’s family, except my mother-in-law.
  • 6 “THE BLACKS SHOULD NOT BE ADMINISTERING the PHILADELPHIA PLAN” Nixon, the Hard Hats, and “Voluntary” Affirmative Action

    6 “THE BLACKS SHOULD NOT BE ADMINISTERING the PHILADELPHIA PLAN” Nixon, the Hard Hats, and “Voluntary” Affirmative Action

    6 “THE BLACKS SHOULD NOT BE ADMINISTERING THE PHILADELPHIA PLAN” Nixon, the Hard Hats, and “Voluntary” Affirmative Action Trevor Griffey The conventional history of the rise of affirmative action in the late 1960s and early 1970s tends toward a too simple dialectic. The early creation and extension of affirmative action law is often described as an extension of the civil rights movement, whereas organized opposition to affirmative action is described as something that occurred later, as a backlash or reaction that did not fully take hold until Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980.1 In this chapter, I tell a different story. I describe the role that labor union resistance to affirmative action played in limiting the ability of the federal gov- ernment to enforce new civil rights laws well before the more overt backlash against affirmative action became ascendant in U.S. political culture in the 1980s and 1990s. There was no heyday for attempts by federal regulatory agencies to impose affirmative action on U.S. industry. There was no pristine origin against which a backlash could define itself, because enforcement of affirmative action had accommodated its opponents from the beginning. Affirmative action law emerged out of and in response to civil rights move- ment protests against the racism of federal construction contractors, whose discriminatory hiring policies were defended and often administered by the powerful building trades unions.2 But the resistance of those unions to the 1969 Revised Philadelphia Plan—the first government-imposed affirmative action plan—severely curtailed the ability of the federal government to enforce affirma- tive action in all industries.
  • It's Not As Simple As Whose Side You Were On

    It's Not As Simple As Whose Side You Were On

    It's not as simple as whose side you were on Vietnam March 9, 2007 Christian G. Appy's big oral history of the Vietnam War was first published in the US in 2003 under the title Patriots: The Vietnam War Remembered from All Sides . So far as I know, the American public has not been given a list of titles of the books read by President George W. Bush in his widely publicised contest with political adviser Karl Rove to see who could read the most books in the year 2006. But what if the now retitled Vietnam: The Definitive Oral History, Told from All Sides were on the President's list? What lessons would he extract from these accounts of how events in Vietnam from 1945 to 1975 affected human lives? Would he reinsert the flat notion of patriotism found in the American title? Would he reduce all sides to two and prefer one, with his trademark moral certitude? Would he have second thoughts about current US foreign policy? Good oral histories, such as Joan and Robert K. Morrison's From Camelot to Kent State (2001), depend on how well the oral historians choose their informants and then use what their informants have to say. In a personally moving preface with two useful maps, Appy tells us that he interviewed 350 people in 25 American states and across the new united Vietnam during the period 1998-2003. He used less than half of these in his book. Some major figures, such as Henry Kissinger and Nguyen Van Thieu, refused to be interviewed.
  • ANOS 1970 E 1980 CECÍLIA AZEVEDO a Memória Dominante S

    ANOS 1970 E 1980 CECÍLIA AZEVEDO a Memória Dominante S

    CONTRA A CORRENTE: A AMERICA LATINA E OS EMBATES POLÍTICOS NOS EUA – ANOS 1970 e 1980 CECÍLIA AZEVEDO A memória dominante sobre a segunda metade do século XX pretende confinar nos anos 60 todo ativismo político e cultural de dissenso que, não por acaso, teriam incluído entre suas preocupações o Terceiro Mundo e a América Latina. A revolução cubana e os movimentos guerrilheiros que sonhavam transformar Nuestra America em muitos Vietnãs; a Teologia da Libertação; uma suposta relação mais harmoniosa com a natureza, sexualidade e os sentidos e, acima de tudo, a condição de alvo do imperialismo americano chamaram a atenção de intelectuais, artistas e ativistas. No final da década de 70, o senso comum aponta que a chamada “maioria silenciosa” teria imposto seu projeto, abafando os protestos das minorias sociais e políticas. Com o refluxo dos movimentos negro, pacifista, estudantil, a América Latina também teria deixado de ser objeto de interesse e envolvimento por parte de um segmento político nos EUA que poderíamos qualificar de liberal-left. Este trabalho pretende caminhar na direção contrária do senso comum acima referido, procurando estabelecer uma relação de continuidade entre as décadas de 60, 70 e 80 no que diz respeito ao envolvimento com a América Latina que, antes de diminuir, ampliou-se ao longo deste período. A campanha contra o sistemático desrespeito aos direitos humanos pelas ditaduras da América do Sul apoiadas pelos Estados Unidos na década de 70, a revolução nicaraguense e as intervenções promovidas na América Central nos anos 80 foram as questões que mais mobilizaram e orientaram o debate e as ações de intelectuais e ativistas, ganhando também repercussão significativa num círculo mais amplo da opinião pública.
  • 14 Feb 2014 Final Update to the Kent State Truth Tribunal Submission To

    14 Feb 2014 Final Update to the Kent State Truth Tribunal Submission To

    14 Feb 2014 Final Update to the Kent State Truth Tribunal submission to the United Nations, Human Rights Committee The Kent State Truth Tribunal (KSTT) was founded in 2010 upon the emergence of new forensic evidence regarding the May 4, 1970 Kent State massacre. KSTT is a non- governmental organization focused on revealing truth and bringing justice to Kent State victims and survivors. Representing Allison Beth Krause, 19-year-old student protester slain at Kent State University on May 4, 1970: Doris L. Krause, mother and Laurel Krause, sister. The Kent State Truth Tribunal seeks an independent, impartial investigation into the May 4th Kent State massacre (Article 2 (Right to remedy); Article 6 (Right to life); Article 19 (Right to freedom of expression); Article 21 (Right to peaceful assembly)). In 2013 KSTT submitted information and a shadow report to the United Nations Human Rights Committee surrounding the May 4, 1970 Kent State shootings where Krause family member Allison was wrongfully killed. KSTT Submission: http://bit.ly/1f2X25i, KSTT Shadow Report: http://bit.ly/1kBSjfa US military bullets silenced Allison Krause’s protest against the United States war in Vietnam and President Nixon’s announced escalation of the war into Cambodia. On May 4, 1970, Allison stood and died for peace. From the revealing Kent State forensic evidence emerging in May 2010, we learned: "Participating American militia colluded at Kent State to organize and fight this battle against American student protesters, most of them too young to vote but old enough
  • I've Been Asked by Several People How the Current Level of Turmoil

    I've Been Asked by Several People How the Current Level of Turmoil

    I’ve been asked by several people how the current level of turmoil compares to 1968, which is the year several authorities describe as the historical low point for the republic. Also – for the record – 1965, 1967,1969 and 1970 should be considered in the comparison. In 1965, Malcolm X was assassinated, the United States deployed troops to Vietnam as combatants, not advisors, and the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles went up in smoke, literally, as a week-long race riot destroyed both life and property. You’ve heard the term “Burn, baby, burn,” it’s Watts that was burning – all beginning with a traffic stop. Newark New Jersey would burn in 1967, one of 159 race riots that swept cities in the United States during the "Long Hot Summer of 1967". Over the four days of rioting, looting, and property destruction, 26 people died and hundreds were injured. 1969 and 1970 were years of a different form of violent confrontation, centering on anti- Vietnam War acts of civil disobedience, including student strikes and the seizure of college campus buildings by the student mobs. In New York City, about 200 construction workers were mobilized by the New York State AFL-CIO to attack some 1,000 college and high school students and others who were protesting against the Vietnam War. This hard hat riot took place a few days after four students were shot and killed by Ohio National Guardsmen at Kent State University. So, how does our present condition compare to the unrest of the 60s? No matter how badly delivered, the anti-war objective was clear: stop the war.
  • Hard Hat Riots of 1970'S

    Hard Hat Riots of 1970'S

    Hard Hat Riots of 1970’s Written by Chris L. Joanet, Retired Union Carpenter, Women & Human Rights Activist since 1970 Written November 10, 2012 by Chris L. Joanet, Forty-three (43) year carpenter and female activist. The late 1960’s and early 1970’s was a period of social growth and change, a time when American citizens searched for their own identity. The “Hard Hat Riot” of May, 1970, clearly showed the new divisions that had emerged in American culture. The middle class labor force, dubbed the “blue-collared” workers, were in opposition to so many of their fathers and sons going to war in Vietnam, while many college students were excluded from the draft. This brought about obvious tensions between the two groups, which were embodied in a riot of construction workers and their confrontation with protestors on the steps of Wall Street in New York City. The “Hard Hat Riot” not only left multiple people injured and arrested, but provided proof of the ever-growing divisions within America. On May 9, 1970, construction workers from all over New York City converged on a peaceful antiwar demonstration taking place on Wall Street. The workers, still wearing their construction helmets, attacked the group of protestors, leaving nearly 70 people in need of medical attention. The mob reached Wall Street at about noon, where students had been calling for the withdrawal of military presence from Cambodia and Vietnam, among other things… In my opinion this was the start of the hatred by 99.99% white middle class male and construction workers of America for people other than what they perceived as American Patriots and the Republicans pandered to this intellect to win most of the Presidencies in the United States for the next thirty years.
  • Revelation 9:11 How the Illuminati Are Practicing Satanism in Creating

    Revelation 9:11 How the Illuminati Are Practicing Satanism in Creating

    ^ /oo\ DISCOVER THE W0RLD SECRET. ABSOLUTELY STUNNING! Revelation 9:11 How the Illuminati Are Practicing Satanism In Creating World "History" To Bring in World Government ( 1001 Facts Surrounding WHAT HAPPENED ON 9-11-01 ) REVELATION 9:11 : " And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon. " ( KJV ) This book is available in print from Print On Demand book publisher Lulu.com (similar to Amazon.com) at the following address: http://www.linktoit.com or http://www.lulu.com/content/104841 Description: This worldwide mindshattering book will reveal the truth of the world we live in, the bigger picture, and how *all* governments, 'intelligence' agencies, and corporations are being controlled today; leading exactly into World Government/Biblical Prophecy. The people of the world are being tricked, duped, played like a deck of cards by a hidden (and Satanic) communist oligarchy of 'illuminati' international banking magnates. In other words, whole planet is being run under a World Government *already*, they are just using terrorism and lies right now to establish more control as tyrants have done and still do . Astonishingly, it has been recently discovered, in the year 2005, that the biggest events of the world in the last 100 years have been conducted by the Illuminati on occult numbered dates especially the World Wars. This book proves the fact that humanity itself has been continuosly and massively deceived and manipulated by elite personages who ritually worship the "angel of the abyss", the father of all lies, and secretly rule the whole world through their privatized corporate banking complex .