DOCSLIB.ORG

Teacher Strikes and the Decline of Liberalism, 1968-1981

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Teacher Strikes and the Decline of Liberalism, 1968-1981 ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: “AGAINST THE PUBLIC”: TEACHER STRIKES AND THE DECLINE OF LIBERALISM, 1968-1981 Jon K. Shelton, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Julie Greene Department of History In the 1930s, the Democratic Party became the party of working people largely through its support of legislation encouraging the formation of labor unions. As the nation moved leftward, a liberal consensus emerged that placed support—in the name of both economic growth and greater social equality—for labor unions at it center. Support for this labor-liberalism declined considerably during the 1970s, paving the way for the neoliberal conservatism that has emerged in the last quarter century of American politics. This dissertation explains this shift by looking at the intersection between culture and the public sector labor movement in the postwar era. As unionized teachers became increasingly visible in American political culture in the 1960s, lengthy strikes by teachers in major metropolitan areas in the 1970s caused many Americans to question their assumptions about the role of the state and the importance of labor unions. Because of teachers’ long-time cultural importance as providers of economic opportunity as well as inculcators of moral values, their labor stoppages (which were often violations of the law) caused many white working- and middle-class Americans to blame the excesses of the liberal state for moral decline and to re-think their views about what had made America so prosperous in the years following World War II. Further, the state’s failure to solve the thorny problem of teachers shutting down the school system also caused many of these future “Reagan Democrats” to question the efficacy of the liberal state. With labor- liberalism discredited, free-market conservatives began, by the end of the decade, to argue persuasively for a shift to a more austere state, less government regulation of business, and for the privatization of social goods like education. This dissertation charts these larger developments by putting close examinations of teacher strikes in Newark, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, and St. Louis in dialogue with the national trajectory of neoliberal conservatism. Against the Public: Teacher Strikes and the Decline of Liberalism, 1968- 1981 by Jon K. Shelton Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2013 Advisory Committee: Professor Julie Greene (advisor) Associate Professor Saverio Giovacchini Associate Professor Robyn Muncy Associate Professor David Freund Professor Jennifer King Rice ©Copyright by Jon K Shelton 2013 ii Acknowledgments During the laborious brick-by-brick process of constructing a dissertation, the research and writing can often seem like a singularly solitary endeavor, but as I look back on the process, it strikes me just how profoundly this project relied on the critical contributions of friends, colleagues, and mentors. First, I would like to thank the University of Maryland History Department, the University of Maryland Graduate School, and the Spencer Foundation/National Academy of Education for the funds to support archival research and to write, and most importantly, for the great privilege in these times of austerity of being able to spend a great deal of time devoted to what should be the quintessence of every human’s existence—systematic thought. Archivists and librarians in many different cities proved to be extremely helpful in finding the materials I needed to undertake this research, and, as is any historian who has ever written anything of even the most modest contribution to the field, I am greatly indebted to the many people who worked hard to help me. Thanks to the archivists at the Library of Congress, the State of Pennsylvania Archives, the Urban Archives at Temple University, the City Archives in Philadelphia, the Philadelphia Free Public Library, the Baltimore City Archives, the New York City Municipal Archives, the Wagner Labor Archives, the Heinz Historical Center Archives, the Missouri Historical Society, the Television News Archive, and the Reuther Archives. I owe a special debt of gratitude to Dan Golodner, the AFT Collection archivist at Reuther, who went out of his way to help iii me work through the materials there in a short time in addition to showing me unprocessed materials that proved to be very important. During my M.A. work at the University of Colorado, I was blessed with several great teachers at a formative stage of my academic career. Peter Boag, Ralph Mann, Mark Pittenger, and Francisco Barbosa were especially important, and I thank them. My colleagues Nate Matlock and Colin Church not only contributed much to my intellectual development, but as friends, they were and are without parallel. I would also like to thank the many smart people who have commented on my work at various conferences over the years, especially Jefferson Cowie and Jennifer Burns, for valuable insights. Thanks also to the mentors and colleagues whom I have been privileged to meet through the National Academy of Education for helpful advice on both the dissertation and the larger pursuit of an academic career; in particular, I thank Maris Vinovskis, Ruben Donato, Bill Reese, and Robbie Gross. At Maryland, I would like to acknowledge the fantastic mentors I have had in David Sartorius, Clare Lyons, James Gilbert, and Ira Berlin. Though it is all I have to offer, thanks alone are not sufficient to express my gratitude for the efforts of my dissertation committee members Jennifer King Rice, Robyn Muncy, David Freund, and Saverio Giovacchini. Robyn asked crucial questions at a really key moment in this project’s development, while David challenged me early on to think in new ways about what I was trying to accomplish here, and this is a much better dissertation as a result. Saverio has been a special mentor, insightful reader of my work, and friend, and I thank him for his encouragement. Fellow graduate students at Maryland have also provided engaging intellectual discussions and valuable critiques of my research. Thanks to Josh iv Bearden, Rob Bland, Tess Bundy, Will Burghart, Jon Franklin, Paul Gibson, Reid Gustafson, Harrison Guthorn, Robert Henderson, Steph Hinnershitz, Melissa Kravetz, Christina Larocco, Peter Libero, Lejnar Mitrojorgji, Mary-Elizabeth Murphy, and Lane Windham. I would like to offer a special acknowledgment to Stephen Duncan and Dan Richter who have generously read my work and, more importantly, offered needed comradeship. It is almost impossible to put into words what Julie Greene has meant as an advisor. Not only has Julie pushed me every step of the way to produce a better dissertation, she has done so with a rare combination of intellect and kindness, patiently reading everything from chapter drafts to fellowship proposals and never making me feel as though I imposed too much on her own time (though I probably did). I would not have done this without Julie as an advisor; she is a great historian but an even better human being. I would like to thank my family and the Sandherr family—especially Keith Shelton and Tom and Tina Sandherr—for unyielding support over the long time it took to finish this project. In spite of my initial fears, my two children—Sara and Keith— actually made the task of writing a dissertation easier since finishing the day’s work more quickly meant more time to spend with them in the evening. Finally, to Kristina, who has been my most profound supporter, this dissertation is dedicated to you. Though it is not much of a tribute, I hope it is at least in some small measure worthy of someone who continues to amaze me in new ways every day. v Table of Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... ii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: “A New Era of Labor Relations”: Liberal Labor Policy and the Seeds of Discontent, 1968-71 .......................................................................................................................................... 55 Pittsburgh Teachers and Public Employee Act 195 .............................................................. 58 Act 195 in Action: Philadelphia and Pittsburgh .................................................................... 74 Ugly and Bitter: The Newark Strikes of 1970-71 .................................................................. 88 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 103 Chapter 2: Letters to the Essex County Penitentiary: David Selden and the Fracturing of America ..................................................................................................................................................... 109 The Newark Strike and Selden: Empty Vessels .................................................................. 111 The Selden Letters and the Public Image of Labor Unions ................................................. 120 Teacher Strikes and the Decline of Law and Order ............................................................. 132 Alienated Individuals, Re-Appropriating Narratives ..........................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indigo in Motion …A Decidedly Unique Fusion of Jazz and Ballet
    A Teacher's Handbook for Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre's Production of Indigo in Motion …a decidedly unique fusion of jazz and ballet Choreography Kevin O'Day Lynne Taylor-Corbett Dwight Rhoden Music Ray Brown Stanley Turrentine Lena Horne Billy Strayhorn Sponsored by Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre's Arts Education programs are supported by major grants from the following: Allegheny Regional Asset District Claude Worthington Benedum Foundation Pennsylvania Council on the Arts The Hearst Foundation Sponsoring the William Randolph Hearst Endowed Fund for Arts Education Additional support is provided by: Alcoa Foundation, Allegheny County, Bayer Foundation, H. M. Bitner Charitable Trust, Columbia Gas of Pennsylvania, Dominion, Duquesne Light Company, Frick Fund of the Buhl Foundation, Grable Foundation, Highmark Blue Cross Blue Shield, The Mary Hillman Jennings Foundation, Milton G. Hulme Charitable Foundation, The Roy A. Hunt Foundation, Earl Knudsen Charitable Foundation, Lazarus Fund of the Federated Foundation, Matthews Educational and Charitable Foundation,, McFeely-Rogers Fund of The Pittsburgh Foundation, William V. and Catherine A. McKinney Charitable Foundation, Howard and Nell E. Miller Foundation, The Charles M. Morris Charitable Trust, Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development, The Rockwell Foundation, James M. and Lucy K. Schoonmaker Foundation, Target Corporation, Robert and Mary Weisbrod Foundation, and the Hilda M. Willis Foundation. INTRODUCTION Dear Educator, In the social atmosphere of our country, in this generation, a professional ballet company with dedicated and highly trained artists cannot afford to be just a vehicle for public entertainment. We have a mission, a commission, and an obligation to be the standard bearer for this beautiful classical art so that generations to come can view, enjoy, and appreciate the significance that culture has in our lives.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 “THE BLACKS SHOULD NOT BE ADMINISTERING the PHILADELPHIA PLAN” Nixon, the Hard Hats, and “Voluntary” Affirmative Action
    6 “THE BLACKS SHOULD NOT BE ADMINISTERING THE PHILADELPHIA PLAN” Nixon, the Hard Hats, and “Voluntary” Affirmative Action Trevor Griffey The conventional history of the rise of affirmative action in the late 1960s and early 1970s tends toward a too simple dialectic. The early creation and extension of affirmative action law is often described as an extension of the civil rights movement, whereas organized opposition to affirmative action is described as something that occurred later, as a backlash or reaction that did not fully take hold until Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980.1 In this chapter, I tell a different story. I describe the role that labor union resistance to affirmative action played in limiting the ability of the federal gov- ernment to enforce new civil rights laws well before the more overt backlash against affirmative action became ascendant in U.S. political culture in the 1980s and 1990s. There was no heyday for attempts by federal regulatory agencies to impose affirmative action on U.S. industry. There was no pristine origin against which a backlash could define itself, because enforcement of affirmative action had accommodated its opponents from the beginning. Affirmative action law emerged out of and in response to civil rights move- ment protests against the racism of federal construction contractors, whose discriminatory hiring policies were defended and often administered by the powerful building trades unions.2 But the resistance of those unions to the 1969 Revised Philadelphia Plan—the first government-imposed affirmative action plan—severely curtailed the ability of the federal government to enforce affirma- tive action in all industries.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Pittsburgh Magazine
    A CASE STUDY OF PITTSBURGH MAGAZINE: An analysis of the use of Facebook and Twitter from the perspective of magazine editors and readers _____________________________________________ A Thesis presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _____________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts _____________________________________________ by ALEXANDRIA ANNA ANTONACCI University of Missouri John Fennell, Thesis Committee Chair MAY 2014 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled A CASE STUDY OF PITTSBURGH MAGAZINE: An analysis of the use of Facebook and Twitter from the perspective of magazine editors and readers presented by Alexandria Anna Antonacci, a candidate for the degree of master of arts, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. ____________________________________ Associate Professor John Fennell ____________________________________ Assistant Professor Amanda Hinnant ____________________________________ Associate Dean Lynda Kraxberger ____________________________________ Professor Sanda Erdelez ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the Pittsburgh Magazine staff for letting me spend a semester with their company. They were welcoming and answered all my persistent questions. I would also like to thank the Duffy Fund committee, at the Missouri School of Journalism, who helped fund my research. I’m honored to have worked with an excellent team of
    [Show full text]
  • Kagame's Visit Sparks Protest, Controversy Kagame, Cohon
    Manage the job fair, CMU needs to initiate Miller Gallery opens its improve your résumé, learn community discussion presentation of city-wide about the new fall EOC about Rwanda program • A10 Pittsburgh Biennial • C8 CAREER WEEK FORUM PILLBOX thetartan.org @thetartan September 19, 2011 Volume 106, Issue 4 Carnegie Mellon’s student newspaper since 1906 Kagame, Cohon announce Rwandan program Kagame’s visit sparks SUJAYA BALACHANDRAN Rwanda. of the Carnegie Institute of Prior to the ceremony and Junior Staffwriter Kagame delivered his Technology. announcement in Rangos, protest, controversy keynote address to a packed Kagame’s visit was not met The Tartan interviewed Co- MADELYN GLYMOUR Although embroiled in crowd of attendees who un- without opposition, however. hon to obtain background lack of free speech in Rwan- Assistant News Editor controversy, Rwandan Presi- derwent security checks that A group of protesters clus- knowledge of the partnership da. dent Paul Kagame’s visit to included metal detectors and tered near the bus stop on between Carnegie Mellon and Last year, Reporters With- Carnegie Mellon last Friday pat-downs by security offi - Forbes Avenue, with shouts the new program in Kigali. Protesters gathered out- out Borders ranked Rwanda was a signifi cant event, as cials. The event, which was of “Kagame! Genocidaire!” al- Cohon noted that Rwan- side the University Center to 169th out of 178 countries in both he and University Presi- held in the University Center’s leging Kagame’s involvement da’s government, recognizing speak out against Carnegie its worldwide freedom of the dent Jared Cohon announced Rangos Hall, was hosted by in the murders of Congolese Carnegie Mellon’s strengths in Mellon’s partnership with press index.
    [Show full text]
  • Aramark Tackles Game Day with 35 of the Hottest Items on Menus at NFL Stadiums
    Aramark Tackles Game Day With 35 of the Hottest Items on Menus at NFL Stadiums August 20, 2019 Aramark Serves Up Reimagined Hometown Favorites for the 2019-20 NFL Season PHILADELPHIA--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Aug. 20, 2019-- Game days are back and Aramark (NYSE: ARMK), the award-winning food and beverage partner of 11 NFL teams, is ready to welcome six million fans back to stadiums for the most awaited and delicious time of the year, football season. This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190820005117/en/ Aramark, which serves more football fans than any other hospitality company, scouted recipes and food trends from coast to coast, to create new menus that reflect the flavor and tradition of the hometown teams and communities where they reside. Food trends and fan feedback guided Aramark’s culinary team through the off-season, which resulted in a fresh roster of new menu items sure to score a taste bud touchdown with fans. “Each off-season, our culinarians focus on quality, health, convenience and personalization when developing the menus for the upcoming season. These new recipes and innovative concepts offer something for everyone and will further enhance the game day dining experience for fans,” said Carl Mittleman, President of Aramark’s Sports and Entertainment division. CITY StrEATS Aramark serves more NFL fans than any other hospitality company and has created new stadium menus that reflect the flavor and tradition of the hometown teams and communities where they reside. Inspired by the iconic streets of NFL This includes CITY StrEATS, a menu inspired by the iconic streets of NFL hometowns, featuring local hometowns, City StrEATS features local favorites with a culinary twist.
    [Show full text]
  • I've Been Asked by Several People How the Current Level of Turmoil
    I’ve been asked by several people how the current level of turmoil compares to 1968, which is the year several authorities describe as the historical low point for the republic. Also – for the record – 1965, 1967,1969 and 1970 should be considered in the comparison. In 1965, Malcolm X was assassinated, the United States deployed troops to Vietnam as combatants, not advisors, and the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles went up in smoke, literally, as a week-long race riot destroyed both life and property. You’ve heard the term “Burn, baby, burn,” it’s Watts that was burning – all beginning with a traffic stop. Newark New Jersey would burn in 1967, one of 159 race riots that swept cities in the United States during the "Long Hot Summer of 1967". Over the four days of rioting, looting, and property destruction, 26 people died and hundreds were injured. 1969 and 1970 were years of a different form of violent confrontation, centering on anti- Vietnam War acts of civil disobedience, including student strikes and the seizure of college campus buildings by the student mobs. In New York City, about 200 construction workers were mobilized by the New York State AFL-CIO to attack some 1,000 college and high school students and others who were protesting against the Vietnam War. This hard hat riot took place a few days after four students were shot and killed by Ohio National Guardsmen at Kent State University. So, how does our present condition compare to the unrest of the 60s? No matter how badly delivered, the anti-war objective was clear: stop the war.
    [Show full text]
  • Research.Pdf (6.342Mb)
    “KOLOSALNO! THERE IS SOMETHING HERE...POWER, ENERGY, THE FUTURE!”: HAUNTING, STEEL, PROGRESS, AND THE URBAN RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE _______________________________________ A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts _____________________________________________________ by ANDREW R. MCKEE Dr. Richard J. Callahan, Thesis Supervisor JULY 2013 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled “KOLOSALNO! THERE IS SOMETHING HERE...POWER, ENERGY, THE FUTURE!”: HAUNTING, STEEL, PROGRESS, AND THE URBAN RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE presented by Andrew McKee, a candidate for the degree of master of arts and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor Richard J. Callahan Jr. ______________________________________ Professor Dennis Kelley _______________________________________ Professor Elaine Lawless _______________________________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the members on my thesis committee: Chip Callahan, Dennis Kelly, and Elaine Lawless. I appreciate all their feedback, guidance, excitement, and long conversations about Pittsburgh and ghosts. Their support is and has been invaluable. I would also like to thank all my friends, fellow graduate students, and family whose encouragement made this entire process possible. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ii List of Illustrations iv Introduction 1 The City of Steel 7 Industry in a Smokey Ol’ Town 23 Frequent Midnight Appearances of Wraith 32 War Machines and Work Machines 40 Bibliography 47 iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Maxo Vanka, “Mary Queen of Croatians” 1937 11 2. Maxo Vanka, “Croatians in Millvale” 1937 13 3. Maxo Vanka, “Pastoral Croatia” 1937 13 4.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bulletin O F T H E So C I E T Y F O R Am E R I C a N Mu S I C F O U N D E D in H O N O R O F Os C a R G
    The Bulletin OF THE SOCIETY FOR AMERIC A N MU S IC FOUNDED IN HONOR OF OS C A R G. T. SONNECK Vol. XXXIV, No. 2 Spring 2008 SAM’s Mission Statement Rationale and Discussion for recognition, that was enough of a task of South America. Is a study of their tours The Board, taking into account the SAM to contemplate. Over the years, with a not appropriate for a SAM conference? listserv discussion on the new proposed mis- steady growth of Canadian members, the Our current mission statement, while sion statement, has approved a new version that combines aspects of both the current Society quietly redefined the meaning of providing an umbrella for much of what and proposed statements. SAM President “American” to mean “North American” the Society does, relegates South America John Graziano explains the thinking music. This change allowed the inclusion to “cultures everywhere in the world.” This behind the new statement below; selected of Canadian topics. omission has created some concern from comments from the SAM listserv follow. It has become increasingly clear over prospective and current members. In an SAM members are asked to vote for their the last decade that American music is effort to respond to stated concerns, the preference by 15 June, on the SAM web- not limited to North America. As was Board requested our past President to pro- site: http://www.american-music.org/ demonstrated at our last conference, there pose a new mission statement. It is briefer were, and are, many kinds of “music(s) and somewhat more general, and at our Since the inception of our Society, there in America.” Some is from Mexico, and last meeting in San Antonio, the Board felt has been a continuing debate among its some from South America.
    [Show full text]
  • Hard Hat Riots of 1970'S
    Hard Hat Riots of 1970’s Written by Chris L. Joanet, Retired Union Carpenter, Women & Human Rights Activist since 1970 Written November 10, 2012 by Chris L. Joanet, Forty-three (43) year carpenter and female activist. The late 1960’s and early 1970’s was a period of social growth and change, a time when American citizens searched for their own identity. The “Hard Hat Riot” of May, 1970, clearly showed the new divisions that had emerged in American culture. The middle class labor force, dubbed the “blue-collared” workers, were in opposition to so many of their fathers and sons going to war in Vietnam, while many college students were excluded from the draft. This brought about obvious tensions between the two groups, which were embodied in a riot of construction workers and their confrontation with protestors on the steps of Wall Street in New York City. The “Hard Hat Riot” not only left multiple people injured and arrested, but provided proof of the ever-growing divisions within America. On May 9, 1970, construction workers from all over New York City converged on a peaceful antiwar demonstration taking place on Wall Street. The workers, still wearing their construction helmets, attacked the group of protestors, leaving nearly 70 people in need of medical attention. The mob reached Wall Street at about noon, where students had been calling for the withdrawal of military presence from Cambodia and Vietnam, among other things… In my opinion this was the start of the hatred by 99.99% white middle class male and construction workers of America for people other than what they perceived as American Patriots and the Republicans pandered to this intellect to win most of the Presidencies in the United States for the next thirty years.
    [Show full text]
  • Healthy Food and Gardening Access Guide
    Homewood Healthy Food and Gardening Access Guide “There hasn’t been a grocery store in Homewood in over 40 years.” Table of Contents 4 About The Access Guide 6 Gardens and Farms 7 Phipps Homegrown 8 Garden Resource Center 9 Shiloh Farm 10 Black Urban Gardeners and Farmers Co-op 11 Sankofa Village Community Garden 11 Oasis Farm and Fishery 12 Farmer’s Markets and Farm Stands 13 YMCA Food Bank & Farm Stand 14 Fresh Access 14 Green Grocer 15 East End Fruit Cart 16 Emergency Food 17 Just Harvest 17 Urban League of Greater Pittsburgh 18 BTC Center, Inc. 18 Good Samaritan COGIC Food Pantry 18 Nazarene Baptist Church 19 Bethany Baptist Church Food Pantry 19 Shiloh Community Baptist Church 19 St. Charles Lwanga 20 Stores 21 Fresh Corners 21 Everyday Café 22 Youth Programs 23 YMCA Summer Camp 23 Grow Pittsburgh School Gardens 24 Junior Green Corps 24 YMCA Lighthouse This is a living document. 25 Westinghouse Culinary Arts That means it will grow and change over time, but we need your help! 25 Healthy Cooking, Eating, and Growing 26 Learn and Earn If you have suggestions regarding the Homewood Healthy Food Access 28 Employment Opportunities Guide contact [email protected] Urban Farm Apprenticeship Everyday Café © 2017 30 Map 32 Calendar 3 About the Access Guide Today, Homewood is a food desert. Residents have low access to nutritious, Elsie Hillman Scholars affordable, and fresh food. Most of the food that is sold in local stores is The Elsie Hillman Honors Scholars Program is run by the University of highly processed and low in vitamin and nutritional content.
    [Show full text]
  • Cathedral Catholic High School Course Catalog
    Cathedral Catholic High School Course Catalog Course Title: History of Vietnam War ​ Course #: 1638 ​ Course Description: This semester long course will cover French and American involvement in ​ Vietnam during the second half of the 20th century. From colonization to independence, students will examine America’s intervention in Vietnam from various perspectives including the French, American, Communist Vietnamese fighters, Vietnamese people and the Communist superpowers supplying North Vietnam. The course will include a look at the geography, society, economy and history of Vietnam. UC/CSU Approval: “g” approved ​ Grade Level: 11-12 ​ Estimated Homework Per Week: None ​ Prerequisite: None ​ Recommended Prerequisite Skills: ● Analytical Writing Skills - CDW style paragraph writing ● Map reading skills ● Note-taking skills Text: “Vietnam: A History” by Stanley Karnow https://www.amazon.com/Vietnam-History-Stanley-Karnow/dp/0140265473 Course Grade Scale: ● 35% Homework/Classwork ● 30% Projects ● 25% Tests/Quizzes ● 10% Presentations Units: I. US and Communism: Introduction to Communism and the Cold War Unit 1 focuses on Ho Chi Minh’s personal conflict between the ideologies of capitalism and nationalism, the influence of China and the Soviet Union in aiding North Vietnam’s military expansion and spread of Communist ideology and the role the Cold War played in causing America to fear ‘losing Vietnam’ to Communism as Truman had lost China, preventing Kennedy and Johnson from disengaging from wars they otherwise may have avoided. Assessments Chart: American Anti-communist policies of the 50’s & 60’s Selected Readings from Karnow - Chapter 1: The War Nobody Won ● Annotate and answer critical thinking questions ● Class Discussion. Critical Thinking: Karnow's objectivity, goals in charting a course for the book, statements made about Vietnam's place in the Cold War.
    [Show full text]
  • Snazzlefrag's History of the Vietnam War DSST Study Notes
    Snazzlefrag’s History of the Vietnam War DSST Study Notes Contact: http://www.degreeforum.net/members/snazzlefrag.html Hosted at: http://www.free-clep-prep.com Han/Tang Dynasty ruled Vietnam for 1000 years. Buddhism 939 Independence from China (1279 Repelled/1407 Invaded(Ming)/1428 Free) 1620 Vietnam divided b/n Trinh (North-Hanoi) Nguyen (South-Hue[fertile Mekong]). 1858 French invade. 1862 (treaty) Protectorate of CochinChina (Capital: Saigon, SV). 1887 Vietnam (Tonkin/Annam)/Cambodia=French Indochina. Catholicism. 1893 Laos added into Indochina. 1919 France ignores Ho Chi Minh’s demands at Versailles Peace Conference. Rep in Fr Parliament. Free speech. Political Prisoners. 1926 Bao Dai becomes last Vietnamese Emperor (supported by French). 1927 Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD). Vietnam Quoc Dan Dang. "Nguyen Thai Hoc" 1930 Ho founds Indochinese Communist Party (PCI) 1940 Japan occupies Vietnam (keeps Fr. bureaucracy in place to run Fr. Indochina). 1941 Ho Chi Minh founds Viet Minh League for Viet Indep. (Comm/soc/nats). 1941 King Sihanouk of Cambodia given throne by French. Overthrown in 1970 coup. 1945 Japs take complete control but Viet Minh takes Hanoi in August Revolution (not a rev). China moves into NV (as planned by allies). Set up adminstration down to 16th Parallel. Sept 2, Emperor Bao Dai abdicates in favour of Ho Chi Minh. Japan surrenders WWII Ho takes power (president), establishes Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) Truman rejects DRV’s request for formal recognition. 1945 Sept 26: OSS Lt Col Peter Dewey (repating US POWs) shot. 1st US Casualty in Vietnam. 1945 Oct: British/Indian troops move in to SV.
    [Show full text]