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Mensch Und Tier Im Zeichentrickfilm

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Mensch Und Tier Im Zeichentrickfilm Soziologie „Fische sind Freunde“ Zur Beziehung von Menschen und Tieren im Zeichentrickfilm Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophischen Fakultät der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster (Westf.) vorgelegt von Martina Stephany aus Hamm 2008 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 27. 05. 2008 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Wichard Woyke Referent: Prof. Dr. Horst Herrmann Co-Referent: Prof. Dr. Rolf Eickelpasch 2 Gewidmet den Zeichentricktieren dieser Welt und ihren realen Vorbildern 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagungen...............................................................................................................7 1. Einleitung..................................................................................................................9 2. Die Frage nach dem Tier.........................................................................................20 2.1 Die Grenzziehung.............................................................................................20 2.1.1 Antike und Christentum............................................................................20 2.1.2 Die Tiermaschinen....................................................................................27 2.1.3 Das vernunftlose Geschöpf.......................................................................31 2.2 Die Annäherung...............................................................................................34 2.2.1 Die Neubegründung der Tierseele............................................................34 2.2.2 Neue Dimensionen...................................................................................40 2.2.3 Vom Tierschutz zum Tierrecht..................................................................44 2.3 Das Tier in der Soziologie................................................................................55 2.3.1 Karl Marx.................................................................................................56 2.3.2 Max Weber...............................................................................................59 2.3.3 Theodor Adorno und Max Horkheimer....................................................62 2.3.4 Forschungsstand.......................................................................................64 2.4 Der Stand der Dinge.........................................................................................67 3. Der Film als Forschungsgegenstand.......................................................................71 3.1 Soziologische Filmtheorie................................................................................71 3.2 Der Animationsfilm als Forschungsgegenstand...............................................76 3.2.1 Die Geschichte des Zeichentrickfilms......................................................77 3.2.2 Definitionen..............................................................................................90 3.3.3 Forschungsstand.......................................................................................95 4. Die Beziehung von Mensch und Tier im Zeichentrickfilm....................................97 4.1 Anthropomorphisierung...................................................................................97 4.1.1 Der Zeichentrickfilm als Fabel?...............................................................98 4.1.2 Stufen der Anthropomorphisierung........................................................102 4.1.3 Das philosophische Dilemma.................................................................105 4.2 Das Tier als sozial-politische Karikatur.........................................................109 4.2.1 The Führer’s Face und Education for Death...........................................110 4 4.2.2 Animal Farm...........................................................................................114 4.3 Das Tier als unpolitische Karikatur des Menschen........................................118 4.3.1 Fritz the Cat............................................................................................118 4.3.2 Madagascar.............................................................................................120 4.4 Das Tier als Medium für zwischenmenschliche Normen und Werte.............123 4.4.1 Dumbo....................................................................................................123 4.4.2 Susi und Strolch......................................................................................126 4.5 Der tierliebe Mensch als Sympathieträger.....................................................129 4.5.1 Schneewittchen und die sieben Zwerge.................................................129 4.5.2 Cinderella...............................................................................................132 4.6 Der kritische Blick auf die Beziehung von Mensch und Tier........................134 4.6.1 Die Hunde sind los.................................................................................134 4.6.2 Happy Feet..............................................................................................137 5. Bambi....................................................................................................................144 5.1 Film und Romanvorlage.................................................................................144 5.2 Die Frage der Authentizität: Naturalismus versus Verkitschung...................150 5.2.1 Natur.......................................................................................................150 5.2.2 Der Vorwurf der Anthropomorphisierung..............................................151 5.2.3 Tieraussehen...........................................................................................154 5.2.4 Tierverhalten...........................................................................................156 5.3 Der Mensch und das Tier – Thanatos trifft Eros............................................158 5.3.1 Das Motiv des Rehs................................................................................158 5.3.2 Die Ernährung der Unschuldigen...........................................................160 5.3.3 Der Mensch als das Böse........................................................................163 5.4.1 Zuschauerreaktionen...............................................................................174 5.4.2 Reaktionen von Jägern...........................................................................176 5.5 Ein Plädoyer für Tiere....................................................................................180 5.6 Rezeption bis heute........................................................................................186 6. Findet Nemo.........................................................................................................191 6.1 Erfolg und Handlung......................................................................................191 6.2 Die Darstellung von Mensch und Tier...........................................................197 6.2.1 Der Fisch als Sympathieträger................................................................197 5 6.2.2 Der Mensch als Träger von Antipathie...................................................200 6.2.3 Szenen-Analyse 1: Erste Begegnung mit dem Menschen......................203 6.2.4 Szenen-Analyse 2: Der Zahnarzt spricht mit Nemo...............................214 6.3 Die Darstellung der Aquarienhaltung.............................................................216 6.3.1 Szenen-Analyse 3: Nemo neu im Aquarium..........................................218 6.3.2 Szenen-Analyse 4: Gespräch zwischen Nemo und Kahn.......................222 6.3.3 Das Aquarium als gläsernes Gefängnis..................................................226 6.4 Vegetarismus versus Fischfang......................................................................228 6.4.1 Szenen-Analyse 5: Die Selbsthilfegruppe der Haie...............................228 6.4.2 Proklamierter Vegetarismus....................................................................236 6.4.3 Die Befreiung aus der Hand des Menschen...........................................237 6.5 Rezeption in der Presse und weitere Folgen des Films..................................239 7. Fazit und Ausblick: Das utopische Potenzial des Zeichentrickfilms....................244 8. Literaturverzeichnis..............................................................................................248 Links.....................................................................................................................277 Anhang......................................................................................................................278 Liste der Filme.....................................................................................................278 Tonträger..............................................................................................................280 Subsequenzprotokoll Findet Nemo......................................................................281 Tabelle: Vergleich von Natur und Animation.......................................................283 Abbildungsverzeichnis.........................................................................................284 Lebenslauf .............................................................................................................286 6 Danksagungen Meine Doktorarbeit war ein Prozess vielen Tiefen und einigen Höhen. Obwohl ich von Anfang an über die
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