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Resume Ed 010 12 48 Hausa, Basic Course R E P 0 R T RESUME ED 010 12 48 HAUSA, BASIC COURSE. BY- HODGE, CARLETON T. AND OTHERS FOREIGN SE ;VICE INST., WASHINGTONJ.D.C. REPORT NUMBER NDEA-VI-211 PUB DATE 63 FORS PRICE MF $0.63HC$16.88 422P. DESCRIPTORS- *HAUSA; *LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION, LANGUAGE GUIDES, *LANGUAGE PATTERNS,. *PRONUNCIATION INSTRUCTION, *PATTERN DRILLS (LANGUAGE), STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, GRAMMAR, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA A DISCUSSION OF THE LINGUISTIC AND PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE OF HAUSA (A LANGUAGE OF WEST AFRICA) ACCOMPANIES A TEXT WHICH CONSISTS OF BASIC SENTENCES, NOTES, AND GRAMMATICAL DRILLS. THE BASIC SENTENCES ARE DIALOGS TO BE MEMORIZED, AND THEIR ENGLISh RENDERINGS ARE MEANT TOIE SITUATIONAL EQUIVALENTS, NOT LITERAL TRANSLATIONS. THE NOTES EXPLAIN GRAMMATICAL FEATURES WITH OCCASIONAL ALTERNATE FORMS OR CONSTRUCTIONS. THE GRAMMATICAL DRILL SECTIONS PROVIDE EXERCISES TOFURNISH THE STUDENT WITH CONSIDERABLE PRACTICE ON THE MAINPOINTS OF GRAMMAR DISCUSSED IN EACH UNIT. THE TEXT IS TO BE USEDWITH TAPE RECORDINGS. (GC) tDeva vt-7 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE Office of Education 4 This document has been reproduced exactly as received forn tha person or orgen:zat.an originating it. Points of view of orls stated do not necessarily represent official Office of El...cation position or policy. BASIC COURSE This workwas compiled and pub- Hiked with the support of the Office of Education Department ofailealth, Education and Welfare, United States of America. CARLETON T. HODGE AND IBRAHIMUMARU FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE WASH I NG TO N,D.0. es 1963 RIP P A R T M E N T0 FS T A T E ,p....t HAUSA FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE BASIC COURSE SERIES Edited by CARLETON T. HODGE .., For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington25, D.C. - Price $2,00 11 BASIC COURSE PREFACE Hausa, as a language of great importance in West Africa, has been stud- ied by scholars and others forover a century. The present volume is a brief introduction to the essentials of this language, taking advantage ofprevious studies but leaning heavily on direct observation. This text is one ofa series of short Basic Courses in selected African languages being prepared by the Foreign Service Institute underan agreement with the United States Office of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare under the National Defense Education Act. The linguist in charge has been Carleton T. Hodge, assisted by Ibrahim Umaru. The text was prepared and class testedas part of the Foreign Serv- ice Institute's African language program, the coordinator of which is Earl W. Stevick. The accompanying tapes were recorded in the laboratory of the For- eign Service Institute by or under the direction of Gabriel Cordova. Appre- ciation is expressed to Ronald A. C. Goodison who was good enough to read the grammatical notes and offer his comments.Thanks are also due those students who worked through the earlier version of the course. Howard E. Sollenberger, Dean School of Language and Area Studies Foreign Service Institute Department of State ----"----Z!!".74/14011,* - -- ti ~Woe mi* HAUSA MMIIIINI1.11111,..1111111111MMINO. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Introduction Unit 1 Basic Sentences: 'Greetings' 1 Note 1.1 Pronunciation and Spelling 3 Note 1.2 Tone 3 Note 1.3 Formulae 8 Unit 2 Basic Sentences: 'Any Newsret 14 Note 2.1 Vowels 16 , Note 2.2 Interrogative /wane/........4a 18 Note 2.3 Particle tto/- 18 Note 2.4 /kwiinET//kwan/ OG04)0000C0O4 19 Unit 3 Basic Sentences: 'Directions' 23 Note 3.1 Consonants 25 Note 3.2 /n6/ of equivalence 27 Unit 4. Basic Sentences: 'Messages' 32 Note 4.1 Verb: Perfective .J14. 4 Note 4.2 Verb: Relative Perfective 36 Note 4..3 Noun: /...n/ 'the! 37 4 Note 4.4. Adverbials. Short Vcwel 37 Note 4.5 Verb: Verb with /da/ 38 Unit 5 Basic Sentences: 'Workers' 45 Note 5.1 Pronoun Note 5.1.1 Independent Pronoun 1V BASIC COURSE NIPINIO/10 Note 5.1.2/ma." plus Suffix Pronouns 48 Note 5,1.3In/;12-,/ plus Suffix Pronouns 49 Note 5.2 Noun-n-Noun Construction 49 Note 5.3 Noun: 'the' 52 NOta 5.4 Interrogative. /Wace/ 52 AP Unit 6 Basic Sentences: 'Inquiries 58 Note (..1 Verb Objects 60 Note 602 Verb: Review Note 6.2.1 Verb: Types 61 Note 6.2.2 Verb: Stein Vowel 62 Note 6.3 Pronoun Review Note 6.4 Arajen/ 64 Unit 7 Basle Senteneess 'More Inquiries 71 Nate 7.1 Verb: Negative Perfective 73 Note 7,2 Negative /ba ba/ in equational constructions 74 Note 7.3 Alan/ 74 Note 7.4 syntax. Question and Answer Note 7.4.1 Answerang question with question 74 Note 7.4.2 /1/, Alif;/ as answers to questions 75 Note 7.5 Formulae 75 Note 7.6 Verbs icrilukai and /dallied/ 75 Unit 8 Basic Sentences 'We'll Visit You' 83 A- Note 8.1 Verb: /za -/ future 85 Note 8.2 /sai/ 86 -Unit 9 Basic Sentencess 'Going?' 94 Note 9.1 Verb: Negative Future 95 Note 9.2 Verb: igaid6/2 /gala/2 /gaishg-/ 96 Note 9.3 /fa/ 96 I IlAUSA Ag.w.fflimiM1110 Urit 10 Basic Sentences: 'Go to Mhrkett 103 Note 10.1 Verb: Optative 104 Note 10.2 Verb: hi/ plus Noun 105 Unit 11 Basic Sentences: 'Not Going' 113 Note 11.1 Verb: Negative Optative 114 Note 11.2 Verb: Verbs /sant/ 115 Unit 12 Basic Sentences: 'Finding Someone' .. OOOOOOO 122 Note 12.1 Verb: Imperative 123' Note 12.2 /mantV OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 125 Note 12.3 /wani /, /Wataf, /wasu/ 126 Unit 13 Basic Sentences, 'Going After Something' 133 Note 13.1 /n5/, /a./ f, 134 Unit 14 Basic Sentences, 'You know2' 142 Note 14.1 /naj, /ta/ Note 14.1.1 /na /, /ta/ forms 0 0 0 OOOOOOOOOOOO 143 Note 14.1.2 /na/, /ta/ usage 145 Note 14.2 Verb: /satg/ 145 Unit 15 4 Basic Sentences: 'Going Away to Study' 154 -6 Note 15.1 Verb: /ze/ 'go, about to go' 155 Note 15.2 /nA/ 'is' 157 Note 15.3 /Wanda/ 159 Note 15.4 /kwa;/ 159 Note 15.5 /kamg/ 159 Note 15.6 Verb: ttabbatg/ 160 V I 1 BASIC COURSE -4 Unit 16 Basic Sentences: 'Medicine: Expecting' 165 Note 16.1 /ntij:Verbal Nouns and VerbForms 166 Note 16.2 Verbs Plural 171 Unit 17 Basic Sentences: 'Malingering?' 178 Note 17.1 /ba -/ Negative Progressive 179 Note 17.2 /ruwe.n/ 'the business of ' 180 Unit 18 Basic Sentences: 'Trying to Collect' 186 Note 18.1Expressions of Possession Note 18.1.1 /na/ plus jd'a/phrase 187' Note 18.1.2 /be/ plus Ala/phrase 187 Note 18.2 'Review ofNegative Forms Note 18.2.1 Act/ 188 Note 18.2.2 Othei Negatives ,... 189 Note 18.3 Verb: AU/ 'give' 190 Unit 19 Basic Sentences: 'Tree-cutting 196 Note 19.1 Verb: Relative Perfective 197 Note 19.2 Prefix Anam/, /ma's-a/ 200 Unit 20 Basic Sentences: 'Let's go Somewhere' 206 Note 20.1 /kg/relative 207 Unit 21 Basic Sentences: 'Let's Go to the Game' 213 Note 21.1 AL/- Habitual 214 Unit 22 Basic Sentences: 'What Color Do You Want?' 220 Note 22.1Noun: Plurals 222 HAUSA Note 22.2Noun: 'Adjective' type 227 Note 22.3 /Ora/ 229 Unit 23 Basic 'Sentences: 'Bikes for Tikes' 236 Note 23.1Verb: Indefinite Future 237 Note 23.2Pronoun Review 238 Unit 24 Basic Sentences: 'Get It For Me' 251 Note 24.1.1Cardinal Numerals Note 24.1.1Cardinal Numerals 252 Note 24.1.2Numerals in Compounds: /-dai/ 253 Note 24.1.3 Numerals and Other Quantity Wordswith mna/ and /ta/ 253 Note 24.2 Telling Time Note 24.2.1Trme by the Hour 254 Note 24.2.2Time of Day 254 Note 24.2.3 Other Terms for Time 253 Unit 25 Basic Sentences: 'Around Home' 265 Note 25.1/nan/ /can/ 26, Note 25.2Verbs Suffix /-6/ 267 Unit 26 Basic Sentences: 'Chitchat' 275 A Note 26.1Compounds of /wa/ and /me/ 276 Note 26.1.1/WA... wa/ 277 Note 26.2Verb: Suffix /-ar/ 278 Unit 27 Basic Sentences: ,SaIie Your Money' 286 Note 27.1Noun: Adjective Type in/-aCC-6/ 288 Unit 28 Basic Sentences: 'Foot in Mouth' 294 viii .. oromm.- BASIC COURSE Note 28.1/don/ 295 Note 28.2Alai/ 296 Unit 29 Basic Sentences: 'Orders Around Home' 301 Note 29.1Reduplication: Complete 302 Note 29.2 Diminutive /dan/ 30k Unit 30 Basic Sentences: 'Asking Around' 309 Note 30.1Reduplicative Prefix CVC- Note 30,1.1Verb: Reduplicative Prefix CVC 310 Note 30.1.2 Noun: Reduplicative Prefix CVC- 315 'Note 30.2 /10 kalwa/ 315 Appendix I Supplementary Conversations 1. At the Office in the Morning 322 2. At the Office 3214. 3. About Town 328 4. At the Market 332. 5. Inspecting a School 00000.000000000000000 WOO 336 6. A Master and His Servants 340 . 344 7. A Call on an Emir Appendix II Selected Translations of Drill Sentences 350 Hausa-English Vocabulary 377 ix HAUSA INTRODUCTION The Hausa Language Hausa is the major language of the NorthernRegion of Nigeria. It is also spoken by scatteredgroups of Hausas and as a trade lan- guage in large areas of West Africa. Aside from its recognizedim- portance as a practicalmeans of communication, it is also of inter- est from the purely linguistic pointof view. It is the best known representative of the Chad branch of theHamito-Semitic (Afro-Asi- atic family of languages. The other branches of thisfamily are Berber, Egyptian (extinct), Cushiticand Semitic. Hausa is thus genetically related tc such dell-knownlanguages as ancient hiero- glyphic Egyptian, Assyro-Babylonian (Akkadian),Hebrew and Arabic, as well as to others less familiar but alsoof importance, suchas Amharic and Somali.
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