I'H '(>71-0330-57-8 First Printing 2005 ISBN 971-0330-57-8
Although this publication may be reproduced in part or in whole without permission from the publisher/authors, due acknowledgement is highly appreciated.
Bibliographic Citation: Jacalan, G. B., H. B. Aliten, M. D. Cadatal, L. M. Colting, B. B. Gumihid, S. B. Maddul, A. D. Nono, G. S. Vasquez, F. C. Victor, J. A. Wakat. 2005. A Glossary of Agricultural Terms in the Cordillera. Benguet State University, La Trinidad 2601 Benguet, Philippines.
Cover Design by: Gilda B. Jacalan Anna Liza B. Wakat
Cover Photo: Courtesy of Anna Liza B. Wakat
Printed by: BAGUIO ALLIED PRINTERS No.3 Urbano St., Baguio City 2600 PHILIPPINES MESSAGE
The Cordillera Region, as a home to a multilingual people, does not have a lingua franca for extension and outreach activities. Hence, familiarity with the various terms used in farming activities by a plurality of speakers is perceived to help resolve the problem related to the language of extension adopted in a multilingual setting. It will capacitate the extension workers.
To the users of this glossary of agricultural terms in the Cordillera Region, it is hoped that this document will facilitate not only the dissemination of technologies and information but also help ease some communication gaps brought about by the various languages used in the Region.
Although the researchers tried within the limits of time, efforts, and funds available to make this document a comprehensive one, the translation and equivalence of words gathered are continuously being done. This initial glossary is therefore far from perfect. Hence, the University hopes to receive comments and reactions from the users to further improve this piece of document.
~/~. R06'ELIO D. COLTING President FREFACE
In the Cordillera Region, most of the people earn their living through agriculture. Just like any other discipline, agriculture has a language of its own, which is alive and dynamic. This one aspect of the nature of language accounts for the constant changes of agricultural terms that emerge from the various areas of this discipline. These changes occur as new technologies and information emerge from large amount of research and extension activities completed year after year. Moreover, keeping abreast with current terms of an ever-changing industry can be a complicated task. Hence, there is a need to know and be familiar with agricultural terms used by a linguistically diversified people.
The English language is the main point of reference in searching for the accurate equivalence or local synonym(s) of an existing agricultural term. The choice of a particular language from a very rich language reservoir was based on the plurality of speakers.
In this glossary are about 600 agricultural terms used for farming activities in the Cordillera Region. These terms relate to crops and animals grown, farm tools and implements used, climatic condition prevailing in the locality, and pests incidence among others, and are written in seven Cordilleran languages (along with English, Tagalog, and Iloko) and used by a plurality of speakers in Abra (Tingguian), Apayao (Isnag), Benguet (Ibaloi/Kankana-ey), Ifugao (Tuwali), Kalinga (Kalinga) and Mt. Province (Bontoc). For accuracy and acceptance, these terms were validated in a two-day workshop attended by the provincial agricultural officers (PAOs) and municipal agricultural officers (MAOs) in the Region as well as some socio-Iinguists and ethno-Iinguists. A number of agri-terms were omitted from the initially collected items because there were no lexical variations.
All the entries are presented in a matrix. As the main entries and point of reference, the English terms lifted from various sources such as dictionaries, Thesauruses, books, and other compilations are arranged alphabetically and entered as the first column. Furthermore, the contents of this glossary are limited to agricultural terms with lexical variations.
THE AUTHORS
ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors acknowledge with sincere thanks:
1. The Institute of Social Research and Development (ISRD) Director, Dr. Marie Klondy T. Dagupen, and Research Assistants: Jariet M. Siano, Analyn A. Lucas, and Lailanie L. Moreno, for extending administrative assistance in conducting the validation workshop including other related tasks;
2. The Philippine Institutional University Cooperation (PIUC) Programme thru the ISRD (Project 5), for the funds used in data gathering, during the validation workshop and in printing this document;
3. The Provincial Agricultural Officers (PAOs) and the Municipal Agricultural Officers (MAOs) in the Cordillera Region, for their involvement during the validation workshop;
4. Dr. Esther R. Hufana, the socio-linguist, for her comments and recommendations to further improve the packaging of this document;
5. Prof. B. Balweg, Dr. L. G. Urio, Dr. T. M. Merestela, Mr. B. L. Baucas, Mr. R. B. Buenavista, and Ms. T. P. Vitales for sharing their efforts pro bono in providing accurate eqUivalences;
6. To all other colleagues, who in one way or the other, may have been involved in fine-tuning this document.
iii JNFOKMATJON A50UTTHEAUTHOKS
The Study Leader: Dr. Gilda B. Jacalan. A former Director of the Publications and Media Services (PMS-OVPRE), she is presently the Director of Public Affairs under the Office of the President. In addition to this administrative function, Dr. Jacalan is equally active in instruction at the Graduate School handling Language Education subjects as well as at the Humanities Department teaching English language subjects.
Co-Study Leaders: Dir. Henry B. Aliten. Mr. Aliten is presently connected with the Department of Land Reform, Cordillera Region as an Assistant Director. Being from Apayao who speaks Isnag, he coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Isnag.
Dr. Macario D. Cadatal. Designated as the Director of the Northern Philippines Root Crops Research and Training Center (NPRCRTC), Dr. Cadatal is a Professor at the College of Agriculture whose expertise is in the field of agronomy. He coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Kalinga.
Dr. Lita M. Colting. Presently designated as the university Registrar, Dr. Colting is a Professor at the College of Agriculture with expertise in Entomology. As a Kankana-ey, one of the major tribes in Benguet, she coordinated the collection of kankana-ey agri-terms in the same province.
Ms. Beverly Ann B. Gumihid. Ms. Gumihid is presently involved in social science researches at the Institute of Social Research and Development. Her expertise includes agribusiness research and development. She was responsible in the collection of Bontoc language in the Mt. Province.
iv . Dr. Sonwright B. Maddul. Concurrently, Dr. Maddul, an Animal Scientist, is the Vice-President for Research and Extension and the Consortium Director of the Highland Agriculture and Resources Research and Development Consortium. He coordinated the collection of agri terms in Tuwali in Ifugao.
Mr. Alejandro D. Nono. A member of the support services staff at the Office of the Vice-President for Research and Extension, Mr. Nono coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Tingguian in Abra.
Mr. Geronimo S. Vasquez. A Storekeeper at the Supply and Management Office, Mr. Vasquez coordinated the collection of I1oko agri-terms.
Prof. Florencia C. Victor. A Filipino Professor at the Department of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, Prof. Victor is currently the Director of the Pangrehyong Sentro Ng Wikang Filipino. She coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Tagalog.
Mr. Jimmy A. Wakat. An agro-forestry Instructor, Mr. Wakat is with the Department of Agroforestry, College of Agriculture. As an Ibaloi, one of the major tribes in Benguet, he coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Ibaloi.
v CONTENTS
Message Preface ii Acknowledgement iii About the Authors iv The Agricultural Terms 1 References . 25 Appendix A. Definition of English Agricultural Term 27 B. Validation Workshop Participants with Photos . 45
vii T·,cecy~ordillera
.Hc~Jtijral T~';rms I ENGUSH BONTOC IIALOI ILOKO ISNAG KAUNGA I KANKANA·EY I TAGALOG TlNGGUIAN TUWAU ... _--- Afternoon Misuyao/Maksep Ma-shem Malem Gidam Madama Masdem Hapon Gidiam/Masdom Himbatangan Animal Talaken AnimallTaraken Dingwen Tarakan Animal Talaken Hayop Tuluken animal Ag-gayam Ant Fuwes KutonlAtitiyeng!Eting Kuton Kutun Kattong Kuton/Bebewes Langgam/Guyam Uvo/Ubo Gulom/Gutul Aphid Kuto Apids/Kuto Aplat Alupiit Kuto Kuto Dapulak/AfidslKuto Aplat Apids Ash Chapo Ngaep/AsislAngep Dapo Abu/Dapug Gabo Asis/Abu/Dap-u Abo Chapol/Gabo Dapul Vasay/Guasayl Axe Wasay Wasay Watay/Parakol Wasay Wasay Palakol Pannakol Wahe/Putaw Wasay Azolla Kuliplip Kulipdip/Kolepdep Asolla Asolla Kudipdip Lumot/Kuliplip/Bagiw AsolalAzalia Kuyap/Bagiw Aluhi-i/Ulip-ip Kambag!Kampit/ Backpack Sangi Lagpi/Sagupit Lagpi/Kalula Pasiking Sangi Backpack/Bakpak Pasiking Pahiking Pasiking Deckshan/Baeng! Awid-dan/Baliwangl Backyard Fitling!Awichan Likudan Naminlikud amuag Pidong Bakuran Paway/Likod buloy Awidan/Natangan Bohdayan Ba-anQ Pananalantal Bacterial wilt Laylay TumbalDayday Bacterial wilt Nangrag MalaylayINalyao Kuyos Nalpa Nalyo Panluluoy TafanlTapang! Bait Papan Appan Appan Papan Papan Pain Gamoten Tapang Tippan DavongITongpopl Kawayanl Bamboo shoot Lafong Rabong Rabong Labong Labong Lavong Tungpup AnQbot AnQawayan Banana Falat Balat Saba Dupat/Bagat Balat SabalBaat/Balat Saging Balat Balat 1 Finger Isay foker ay falat Sakey balat Maysa saba Ramay Simbukol Esay baat Isang gama Osang ay balat Ohan balat Sansafad/Sakey 1 Hand Sinsapi/Sinsapad Maysa sapad Tapad/Sapad Sinsapad Esay sapad Isang piling Singkasapad Ohan hapad sapad 1 Bunch Sinpanga-ew Sanbolig Maysa bulig Tangabulig Simbulig Esay bulig Isang buwig Singkasapad Ohan bulig Banana blossom Pusan si falat Ugso Sabunganay Puso dupat/Bagat Pukol Ugso Puso ng saging Pokol Puhun di balat Ayshi naisek/ Barren Punchag Agtangatang Er-er Basig Nakgang Tigang LauglTanap Mamullag/Butin Bakante Sa-din/Nay-sa-denl Hadlang/Balakidl Barrier Selat/Alad LappedlAlad Lippad TalangkalSonod Salin Kodong Alad Alad SaQabal/HalinQ Magtinnappangl Palitanl Barter Isukat Sa-dat Panag sinnukat Sinnukat Isukat Insuboi/isukat Ihan-not Magtinnalliya Makipagbarter Laballgtappang! Basket/Dangajal LagbaITiklislBasket/ Basket LabfalBaskit Basket Balo/Lapinal Lupaak Basket/Buslo Basket/Lakba Bah-ket Tikles/Go-bong Kolbong/BingalUpig Rangaya - --_ .. _--,.~ Paniki/Ditdit/ Bat Fatfatay Panniki Paniki Paniki Kibkibalot Paniki/Bat Litlalit Lit-talit Bik-bik-dot -- Kotilas/Fotilas/ Dugjas/Duriasl Bean Bukel/Habichuelas Anta Antak/Butilas Ludiyas Habitsuelas/Bean Bakel Bulhe Bitwelas Doreyas .. Alig/Yukan/ Uyokan/Dinuanl AIig!UyukalPulot/ Laywan/Pukyutanl Bee Alimbubuyog IyokanlAliglAnig Anig Yukan/lyukan Alig/Guling/lnalit FulelenQan Dinuwan/Potvokan Alimbubuyog BubuyoQ/Putakti Pagpag-ong/Kikiyesl Tamtami/Kabkabal1 Beetle Fulilising Barra irong Kutkutdo Kukodong Uwang/Bitel Buyogan Yangyang-od Boh-bohkong Aliliyagaw Betel leaf Khawed Gawed/Dawed Gawed Gawad Lawod Gawed Gawed Lawed/Lawod Hapid 3 l ENGLISH BONToe IBALOI ILOKO ISNAG KALINGA I KANKANA-EY· ••\ TAGALOG TlNGGUIAN TUWAU -I
Betel nut Foa BuwalBowa Bua Buwa Bua Buwa BungalBuwa Bua Morna Bird Ay-ayam/Billit Titit Billit An-anu Sissiwit Titit Ibon PillokalManmanok Hamuti Kapanganakan/ Birth Umanak Inmanak/Pan-anak Pannakayanak Meana Umanak Umanak Ummanak Ayyam/Nitungohan PaQkapanganak Bitter gourd Parya Palja Paria Parya Apapet Parya Ampalaya Palya Apapet Black bean/ Mangmanghat a Black bean Falatong Utong Nangisit nga bukel Nangisit anta Ngitit un antak Batong/Balatong Nangitit ay antak Lequmbre kawat Magpusa se Blight Lango/Blayt BlighVDayday Blight Bla-iVLango Blayt Blayt Lango Lango maqkarsi va adon Bolo KampilalFeneng Etak Buneng Aliwa Badang/Gaman Banig Itak Badjang Otak/Panggap Borrow Fulod Utang/Bulod Bumulod/Umutang Tumkaw Bumulod Manbulod/Man-utang Hiram Bulod/Utang Banhon Padaw/Agpapandan/ Eteg/Gedeng/ Boundary Fedcheng Eteg Benneg Kigad Hangganan Budjong/Boddong Pogpog Talumpanda BeddenQ Branch Sanga SangalPanga Sanga Sanga PangalSanga SangalPingi Sanga Sangan kayo Hapang Paghero/Pagtatak/ Branding Marka MalkalPangidasinan Panagmarka Magmarka Marka Man-marka Manmalka Punmarka Paqmarka Ganapan/Ganab/ Puli/Menpachakep/ Panang-pasaya-aV Klase/Puli/Ganak/ Breed Puli Magan-anal Ganak/Puli Lahi/Uri/Paglalahi Manpalahi/Padjakop Pu-uniPunholagon Menpachakhem Puonan Manpadakep ManQpaganab Manador/Takal/ Mangangastal Breeder Pala-anak Paramanada Pangganaan Gagannakan Paradakep Poonan Manador Para shakip Naqlalahi Breeze Suysuy Shagem/Puyupoy Puyupoy Amur/Parru Puya-aw Suyusoy Simoy Tunqnin Mundibdib Bridge Langtay Taytay/Rangtay Rangtay Aratay Langtay Langtay Tulay/Talaytay Allatoy Langtay Bud Singi/Pingi Bengis/Timil Busel UlguVTaringit SimiVUtol SaringiVPingiITimil Buko/Usbong Salingit Uhi-yok Insekto/Kuto/ I Bug Chagew Dingse/Kiteb Bukbok SuruVTuma Kitub/Dangaw Bangbangsit Djammilong Dangaw GarapatalKato Bulb Poon/Fugas Dames Bagas Balb Bugas/Poon Balb Balb Poon Napkol Tah-Nay/Bed-bed/ - Bundle Fedfed/Falod Binettek Uyon/Appat Bobod/Botok Bedbed/Betek/Uyon Bigkis/Bungkos Butok Botok Bitek/San kern-kern Bulbul-o/Boh-boh-do/ Paruparo/ Butterfly Ak-akop Kulibangbang Kulibangbang Kullapoy Bilbil-o/Bibil-o Kullapoy Kulkulap-e Kupa-pey Alibambang Tunggal/Tungkal/ Gumattang/ Buy Lumakho Tunggalen/ Gumatang Gumatang Ngumina Manlako Bumili Ngumina Pumlak Tunqkalen Menongal/Ahente/ Buyer Lumaklako Aggat gatang Gumaggatang Angngina Manlaklako Mamimili Palangina Humubli Para tungkal Tangkal/Puk6/ Cage Kakhafan Kudungan/Keb-bi Tangkal Boklut Kalaw/Biki Hawla Tangkal/Buki Pukukan/Kubi Agpukuan Camias Kamyas Kamias Pias Pias Iddolo Kamyas/Piyas Kalamyas/Kamias Pias Kamyas Canal Ketang Kulokol/Kanal Pakyas Kali Alak Kanal/Kulokol Bambang/Kanal Palisi Tula-ing/Alak Carabao Nuwang Nuang/Nowang Nuang Nuwang Luwang NLiwang Kalabaw Luwang Nuwang ------~-_._-
4 ENGLISH BONToe IBALOI ILOKO ISNAG KALiNGA I..• ·..KANKANA.EY .• 1 TAGALOG TINGGUIAN TUWAU
Carabull Tot-o Bumalo Lalaki a nuang Toru Dappog Bumalo/Kamado Barakong kalabaw Bumbumallo Bulug an nuwang Batang kalabawl Caracalf Kuyao/Kuyang Kilaw Ubing a nuang Urbon Ubbo Bumalasang Djanawan Ulbun an nuwang Guya Panginaenl Caracow Kamfakyan Kabadjanl Kabakyan Bakat nuwang Abbay Kabay-yan Inahing kalabaw Kabbaiyan Obay Bumedasang Cart Kaliton Kariton/Pasagad Karison KaromataiKariton DalusaiKaliton Kariton Kariton 0 kareton Kallison Kaliton Katemoro/SangdayI Kamoteng kahoyl Balinghoy/Kamoteng Cassava PadpadlilApaya Balangkoy Pappadli Kaka-iw/Balangkoy Molo/Kasoy Kahoy Kakoy Kahoy Kahoy Castrate Men-ifitli Kapon Panagkapon Maglassit Kapon di luwang Man-ibitli Kapunin/Pagkapon Mankapon Kapun Higad/Tiias/Uod ng Caterpillar Kecheng AtarolAlabas Arabas Arabat Antatado/Batol Atatado/Tatado Batol Bigi/Batbatol Iparuparo Cattle Faka Sangshuan/Baka Baka Baka Baka Baka Baka Baka Baka Manador/Bumalol Bull Tot-o Toro Toru Toro/Laki Bumalo Toro Tolo Bulug Tahal Calf Kuyao/Kuyang Kilaw Urbon Urbon Abeng bakaiUbbo Ulbon/Kilaw GuyaiBulo Ulbon Ulbun Cow Kamfakyan Kabajan Kabakyan Bakat baka Bae/Paina Kabay-yan Bakang babae Kabbayan Tin-na Heifer Fumalasang Bumedasang Bumalasang Alsab Amalasang Bumalasang Dumalagang baka Dianawan BumalasanQ Nasakuchanl Sangsuan/Sakduranl Horned Nasaraan Nagsagud Nasakgudan Nasakngudan May sungay Nasagudjan Nahakgudan Nasagkuchan Asakdoran Ayshi sakdod tol Hornless Mid sakkod na Awan ti sara na Awan sagud Naid sakgud na Magay sakngud na Walang sungay Maid sakgodna Maid hakgudna Monmon Dahin kavajol Stag Kapon Lalaki Nalsitan nga baka Amkok Kamado Bakang lalaki Turturittit Nakapun an bulig Bubumalo Steer Nakapon Kilaw/Kapon Bomaro Bumaro Kapon Nakapon Nakapong baka Bumbumallo Nakapun Charcoal Uling Uling/Sangsang Uging Bakkag Osing Uling Uling Osing Uling Chicken Manok Manok Manok Anu Manok Manok Manok Manok Manuk Chick Impas/Kin-uy/Piyek Kiyap/Kipkip/Kiyep Piyek Pipiya Issiw Kiyap Sisiw Piyok/Siyop Im-impa Tandang/ Cock Kawitan Kawitan Kawitan Kawitan Kawitan Kawitan Kawitan Kawitan SasabunQin ..•...._...•._•.. _-_..- Manggaygayat Magasulog/Ban-og Cockerel Kawitan .. Tulol Bomaro Kawkawitan Tumalangad Katyaw/Tatyaw Kawitan magitarakot on kawitan _.-.-~- ... Hen Mangalak UfaiUbwan/Upa PamusianiUpa Pangganaan Mangalak Ubo-an Inahing manok Ubuwan Ubuwan , .. Pullet Chesak Kiyap/Kipkip/Kiyep Dumalaga Umap-apun Amalasang Pamasang/Up-pa Dumalagang manok Bumalasang Dallupidit --_...... • ... -- ,._-_._".- Tandang/ Rooster Kawitan/Kulung Kawitan Kawitan Manador Kawitan Kawitan Kawitan Kawitan Sti~tlbu~gin -- .__._- . Kagaban/lkdoganl Beki/Kagabanl Chicken coop Khogong Kulungan Alimalun Kagaban Pugad Buki Kubi Keb-bi an .. ~ 15.!!Q2.r:lg ... Takkin si manok/ Chicken dung Tain manok/Dekong Lugit Tuki Attogit LugitITain di manok IpotITaeng manok Allogit Gali-ing/Lugit AfunolAg-aguban .. ~._. -~- ---_.,-,"----_. ------_._ - ..- Clay Pitak/Oklin Dubas Pitak Apikkatan Sulat Linang Putik Linang Pitok Clayey Napitak Nadubas Napitak Kanal Nasulat Linang Maputik Satat Napitok 5 I
Climate Timpo AkewITempo Panawen Lawagan Timpo/Dagum Timpo KlimalPanahon Tempo Dukke an timpo Cloud Angep/Lifu-o KulpotlCoh-dep Ulep Aluyut Libuo Libu-o Ulap Liboo KulputlBugut Makulpotl Naulep/Nakuleml Maulap/Makulimlim 0 Mangkokos dalol Cloudy Maangep/lnlilifu-o Enguh-depl Naaluyut Anlilibuo Manlibu-o NabugutlMabugut Nakuyem kulimlim Naliboo Engulpot Nalamiis a panawenl Nasiyam/Nalminl Mantingnenl Matuningl Cold weather Chinamey/Lateng Teg-I n/KetellEnketit TungninlNakumog Maginaw/Malamig Nakomog Nalam-ek Amian MantiQ-en Kotto-kottol Collateral Kolateral SalshalKasadat Ibienes Patalian Banat Kolateral GarantiyalKolateral Binis Pangid-onan Compost Lumeng/Kompos Kompos/Et-toytoy Naparupsa noa ruoit Nepalbao Nalpos/Kompos Kompos Kompos Nalpos Inado Katulagan di lakol lIakom ta asi Consign Utang/Pa-idaho Pailako Angkat Ipalako/Baggat Konsayn Ipalako Ipagattang Konsayn bayadanllkonsayn Araggamminl Consumer Lumaklako Menong-gal Agus-usar Mangmangan Lumaklako Mamimili Palangina Nadon gumatang Mangammin Contour Porman nan Iota Porma ni pitoy PormafTabas ti daoa Pabbag Tabas di pita Iporma Contor lIan di pita Porman di Iota Aggat-gatang nga Maraggulpi Kontalata ay Contract buyer Parakontrata Mengontrata KontratalPakyaw ParakontratalPakyaw Mangungontrata KontratalPakyaw adda katulagan gumatang nguminalPalagulpi InatanglTinudongl PillulAbbuyugl Bayanihanl Cooperation Og-ogfo GamallBataresl Ammoyo Abboyog/Babbadang Aloyon/Dang-as Tugnawa Ubbu/Baddang Magsiseng Pagtutulungan Tinadongan Corn Pikhi Mais Mais Mait Bakaw MaislTige Mais Gassilan Gahilang Corn husk KoplitlUkis Bulangdang Ambuligan BulalUkis Ukis Ukis Balat Upik gassilan Ukih BinogboglBungan di Foker Butil Bukol Bura Binukol di bakaw Bukel di mais Butil Buwan di gahilang Corn kernel gassilan Buwek ni maisl Corn tassel Buok Buok Pargay Buok Buokdi mais Buhok ng mais Boy-boy gassilan Habong Sabo-ngay Creek Kin-aw PadoklSingi Waig Awweg Sulong/Wa-il Singi/Ketang SapalBatis/Krik Dalwait Wah-el Belbelting/Kalkal1 BUbut-tinglKakal Cricket Fib-iting/Nennen Kuryat Sisiyat Battinga SusuhonglKriket Kullipan BongoglAlla-el Amsek Bilbilting Crop MulafTanem MulalEsek Mula Mula Mula MulalEsek Tanim Mula Tanum/lnliyak Halinhinang Masukat sukat ti Magsasanut nga Mansisinnubad ay Crop rotation Mensinukat ay mula Pansinahdat ni mula Sinsinnukat Mansinukat di mula pananimlPag-iba iba Munhannot di tanom maimula agmula klasin mula no pananim Crowbar Falita BaretalKabra BaFreta Bareta Ballita Balita Bareta Ballita Balitah Cucumber Pipino Pipino/Kasimon Pipino Asimun Kasimon Kasimon/Pipino Pipino Kassimon Pipinu Shai-shai/Sukdayenl Gabyunen/Sukayenl GaudanITanumanl Cultivate Feswag Sukayen Magkurkor Kalonan Pagbubungkal Sukasukom Mesokay Kultibiten LiyakonlTamuwan Curling Kulot KulicullKulikul/Kulot Kulot Makulkulot Kulikog Kulot Kulot Kulingkoy Kulot Cutworm Figis Begis/Demas Biois Arabat Alabas Bigis/Limas Cutworm BigislAlabas Bigi DungtotITombal Panaglusak ti Danus/Lappangl Damping-off Luyaw NalposlNalyaw LingtewITumba Damping-of Nalpos Nalpe Padpadsik bunobon Tagpa BiggabiggatlBigbigaU Bukang-liwaywayl PalbangonlTullaok Dawn Napat-afTalan-olWiit Palbangon/Da-em Parbangon Gumabi Gabis/Bongbongo Muntalanu Wikwikis Madaling araw di manok --~_._ .. -
6 r- ENGLISH BONTOC~ __I_BA_L_O_I~-L- IL_O_K~O ...... l...... -.~IS_NA_G-,-•• '----'--- KALiNGA I KANKANA·EV I_T_A_G_A_LO_G_---L._TI_NG_G_U_IA_N_--l.-_T_U_W_AL_'_ Akew/Ma-akew/ Agew/Kaagawan/ Day/Daylight Akhew/Kag-aw Aldaw Aldaw/Aigaw Aigaw Araw Wakas/Algaw Algo AQew Napat-a DungtotlAboyok/ Pagkabulok/ Decay ChunotiNablok Eboyok/Ashoral/ Agrupsa Rupsa Nalungtot LungtotiBuyok NatungtotiLupsa Buluk/Dunot Pagkasira Dupok Deficiency Kulang Kudang/Kulang Agkurang Kinakurang Kulang Kulang KUlang/Kapus Kulang Kulang Dehydrate Langoen Mag-an/Namag-an Pakumbeten Magpakarsi Asasutllpamaga Pay-osan Pagkatuyo Pamaga Naihihan Demand Masapul/Kasapulan Kasapulan/Pi-lit Kasapulan Kasapulan gatangan Makasapol Kasapulan Kailangan Natalak Kahapulan Depth Ka-achalem Shalem/Duhod Kauneg Kaunag Kaadalum Kaadalem Lalim Kaunog Kinadallom Dew Ormu Amol/Dina-aw Linna-aw/Amor Dirmun Dolno Duno Hamog Djimlong/Dolno Dalu/Dalnu Pagpupurgal Deworm Porkaen PulkaiPulga Panagpurga Purgaan Pulgaon Purgaan Pulgaom Pulgaon Laksante Kal-kal/Kaotl Kaotan/ Kaloban/Koloban/ Humukay/Hukayin/ Dig Kaufan/Kautan Panagkali Magsukay KaotiGabyunen Kulobom/Buk-am Ka-utlKa-utan Sokay Buk-an Naghukay Balok/Tambak/Baok/ Dike Faneng Tambak Tinamba Pigol Baneng Pilapil/Dike Dike/Palisi BatnongiBanong Kanal/Kolokol Lahaggan/Kibugan/ Tawtawen/Sibnaken/ Dilute TimplaITawtawen Kiwal/Tunaw/Sinak Naw-nawen Kamsan Banto Kanawom Kamohan Danuman Sebna-en Dip Itapek Isiw-siw/Saw-saw Ideppel Isimraw/Apalgap Isaw-saw Isawsaw/lpisok lIubog Iyupel Itam-ol/ltalbok Winaritan/Diretso Direct seeding Isafog Sabog/lpongaw Imporwak Inosok Isabog Sabog tanim Inasak Ihabuwag niwarit ya bin-i Pregerminated Naipabgi Pinatubo Naparusing a bukel Aggi metugnu Pinatubo Bunubon Pinatubong binhi Naibunobon Itam-ol seed Lodging Napabgi I-aneng Agdeppes Nibtong/Nedapnas Nandumak Natukang Paghapay ng palay Idapos Idakol Broadcast Isafog/Isapoak Pinoyak/Pino-ngaw Imporwak Newarwarit Iwalagis Iwaras/Isapuwak Pagsasabog Man-iwalais Ihabuwag Apag apaman ti Nadanuman/ Saturated field Nachanuman Ashanuman Napigugu Nadanuman Natigmak sa linang Nadanuman Nadanuman danum Nabelbel Kinmupas/ Discolored Ninkupas/Kinmupas Nagkupas Magpurkas Kinmupas Nankupas/Kinmupas Kumupas ChinomkotiSinomlag Kinmupas Pinmaspas Disease Sakit SahitiSakit Sakit Tinakit Sakit Sakit Sakit Sigab/Pallak Hakit Mayvalak/Mayvaras/ IwardatMagiwariti Disperse/Distribute Iwalas Panagiwaras Naiwalis/Naiwalas Iwaras/lwatwat Pamamahagi Patalakon/lwalis Ihabuwag/lkappong Maywashas MaQiwaras Kanal/Pagayusan ti Gagait awweg/ Kanal/Bagan/ Tulaing/Guhing/ Ditch Ketang Kanal/Paijas/Balok Kali Kanal/Ditse Palisi danum Wangwang Towaok Taba-o/Luhuk Kaad-adu-an/ Nakararami/ Dominant Kaachuan Karakdan/Nandasin Kaaduan Napabeg/Ad-adu Dakol/Kadaklan Kapada Dak-dakol Nanlasin Nakahihigit Lakfaan/lk-iko/ PapayutlKikki rattog Dudute/Dutdut-e/ Dragonfly Shushuti/Sho-shote Tuwwato Tuwato Tutubi Titiwalo Du-uwitlDa-uti Langfayan Kukkurandinq Lal-Ia-o Men-ayusan si Drainage Pa-jas/Kanal/Doyas Pa-anges Alinawang Iyalak/Egewang Keli Paagusan Ipaayos Tula-ing/Guhing chanum Drip Tedted Ted-ted/Is-is Tedted Magpatta Mantottod Tedted Tulo/Patak Walasiwis/Sawsaw Todtod Drizzle LagietiArbis Albis/ArbisiMeg-is Arbis Darikamo Amo-amok Mantitennek Ambon Alumassi/Missi Apuk
7 r
ENGUSH SONTOC ISALOI ILOKO ISNAG KALiNGA 1•. KANKANA-Ey..1 TAGALOG TINGGUIAN TUWALI TudokiChakonl KawatiOgewl Drought KalgawlTikag Tikag/Magkalia Angag Kumog Tagtuyot Kamaga Dupal/Maugo Ekhew/Fitil Na-ti-an Drum Farchi/Dram Drum/Baledis Bariles Baril Dram/Baliles Barelis/Dram/Balilis Dram Tambal Baliles Emag-an/Pemag-anl IpamagaiNabilagl Tuyo/Nagpapatuyol Inugawon/Maugol Dry Nalango/lpalango Namaga NamagaiNakarsi Nango/Namga-an Namaga Mangka-mag-an NamaqalNalango Pagpapatuyo Nalango "Above stove" Sokosog Sang-nga-an/lso-ol Naisuor Insupan Suogan Isu-o Sa ibabaw ng kalan Saangan Ihayong Magpasinga balil Pamagaanl Patuyupanl Air-dry Ipasoysoy Jub-juban Pawirwiran Paanginanl Ibilag si bibbid Ipasoysoy Patuyo sa hangin Panampayubyubl Padibdiban Ipasaysay Panampadubdub Agderayanl Hang-dry Ifalayfay/ltayon Nayba-jat Iyalday Iyaloy Itayon Isabit Itayon Ibalagbag Madederayan Panbidag shi sekitl Binibilad sa arawl Sun-dry Isap-ey/lfilag Naibilag Mamilag Binilag/lbilag si init Isap-ey/lsgitllbilag Mamilag Ihap-e Bilag Pagbibilad sa araw Dry rot ChunotiNablok Dufok/KikhetiDupok Dry rot Umapog Lango Nango Tuyong bulok Nalango Buluk Panag-chakonl Kalkaw/Ogewl Pinagsisinagl Iya-angag/Angag Dry season Tiempo ti kalgaw EgewlTiyagew Tag-arawlTag-init Kamaga Dupal/Maugo Ekhew Tiyakew Magdagun dagun Duck Pato Pato/Papa Pato Patu Pato Pato ItikiBibi/Pato Pato Gaw-gawaiPapa Drake Barako Kawitan/Barako Barako Baraku Barako Barako ItikiBibi/Patong lalaki Balako Kawitan an gawgawa Ubuwan an Hen Upa UfalUbuwan Opa Ina patu Paina Obu-an Inahing itikiBibi/Pato Ubuwan !gawgawa Duckling Impas/Kin-oy/Piyek Kiyap/Sibong Piyek Pipiya patu Issiw Kiyap/lngpas Sisiw na bibi PiyoklSiyop Im-impa KosbetiSedsechem Ma-sheml Dapit-haponlTakip- Dusk Sipnget Gumlbat Kulop Sumiklep/Nasdem Tapok Makpa na Mangkedabi silimlAgaw-dilim Dust ChapolTapok TapokiDepok Tapok Tapu Tapok TapokiAbo AlikaboklAbokiPulbo Lapok Tapuk YekhaiKenkened/ Sheg-sheg/Jeg-jegl Earthquake Gingined Yagyag Lunig Yegyeg Lindol Yogyog Kolyog Yagyag Kayeq Kedang/Kudangatl Earthworm Kelang Alinta Aluki Kulang Tuwing/Kuwang Bulate Kulang Kolang Bileg Egg Itlog Ikdoq/ltdog Itlog Ilog/ltlog Itlog/lplog Itlog Itlog Itlog Itluq Cagavan/lkdoganl Obong/Ubonganl Egg nest Kakhafan Ubong/Okbong/ Pagitlugan Subut Kagongkong/Sok-but Pugad Kulong/Djolmon BuyaiPun-ltugan Kagaban Kogongan Eggplant Talong TalonglTarong Tarong Tarong Gattobang Tarong Talong Tallong Talung Slide/Shal-shall Pagkatibagl Erosion Magchay Margaay Nldayan/Gadday Guday/Magday Geday Magdjay Goh-de Kishay/Kebang Pagkaguho External parts of ruminants Back Likod/Echeg Dihod/Beneg Likod Addag Odog/Likod Edeg Likod Vunog/Bunoy Bonog/Odog Belly Poto Ekes/Ekis Tiyan Lalaban/Sinay Buwang/Botak Eges/Buwang Tiyan Buwang Putuh Ham Orpo Dafa Luppo Apel/Lappu PekpekiLapaiUlpo Lamlames Pigi Ulpo Ulpu Head Ulo TuktokiUlo Ulo Ulo Ulo/Lungos Tuktok Ulo Vangkag/Utu Ulu f------...~~.- Hoof Kokod Kukub Kuko Lutub Kuko Kuko/Kukob Kuko Kuko Kukud
-~-- ~----_ -_.,.~---_.-.- --- - ~----'------~'-- . --- .... 8 ·fi:iAllunA IlAUIl,alL•••...u. II'I ENGLISH BONToe IBAlOI IlOKO ISNAG -"...... ' , ...... ,. .... 1
Horn Sakhod Sakdod Sara Sagud Sakgod Sakngod Sungay Sakgod Hakgud Loin Lomo Ulpo Lumo Lapiyong Bai Puyong/Upo Lomo Vunog/Bunoy Bonog Navel Puseg Puseg Puseg Pusag Pusog Puseg Pusod Pusog Puhog Neck Fakhang Bagang/Bocdew Tengnged Bulaw Bagang/Tungod Bagang Leeg Tungod Bagang Penis Lusi/Uti Buto/Daray/Laday Buto Usin Utin Laday Titi/Utin Otin Butli Bungagan/Ki-motan/ Rectum Ofet/Kimot Ubet Purot/Bungog Ubot Guanas Obet Puwit/Pwit Vungog Pulong Rump Falonga Uvetan/Dipad Patong Apel/Ubat Lapa Lipad Pigi Takob Kiwikiw Shoulder Afonga AvadalAbada Abaga Abaga Abala Padanga Balikat AvalalAbala Pukol Side Sikikhan Pieg/Kil-guis Sikigan/Bakrang Bikat Butik Bikes Tagiliran Vakalang/Balakang Taglang Dungis/Song-song/ Snout/Muzzle Ngulob Sub-sub Subsub/Bugong Ungol Ngosib Sungsong Nguso/Subsob Sungo Hubil/Hungil Tail Iko/Ipos Ihol/ kul Ipus Iput Ipos Iko Buntot Ipos Ikul Bungag/Gatat/ Teat Suso Susu/Musing Suso Suso Mungav Suso Utong Tingil Huhu Butig/Ukel-ukel/ Testicle Fitli/Fotfotlog Lateg Bungaw Buto Betdi/ Paltak Butlog Bayag Ladjay/Laday Batbatu Vulva Sipit/Lawit Utin/Tintin Oki Uki Uboy Itel Pekpek/Kiki/Puki Uki Kuwa Pan-asekan/Payew/ Pappayaw/Umal UmaiGaldin/Num-ai Hinabalanl Farm Payew/Uma Talon Baang/Koman Sakahan/Bukid Makmak Owangan Ba~~g Garden Tinanoman Ab-abong/Apal Farm house Afongan/Ab-afong Abulan/Abolan Kalapaw Sigay Sigay Bahay sa bukid Bawi Kamarin Abung Farm manure LumenQ Avono/Abono Takki ti animal Kawel animal Tai Att(iY ._.. - Tae/dumi Bugaso way attay Ta-i Fatten Patafaen/Palamsen Patebaen Pagpalukmeg PalumaQQan IpatabaiPatabaon Patabaen/Palamsen Patabain Patabkom Patabaon Feather Chutchut Shut-shut/Shot-shot Dutdut Dudot Dotdot Dotdot Balahibo Djotdjot Dutdut Lusong/Lutong/ Feed trough Atotong Panganan Pagpakanan Atotong Pagpakkanan BayukaiBalunglong Pakainan/Patukaan Atotong Balunglong - ...... ------.--_.---_._---- Feeding Menpakpakan Pemekan/Pakanen Panagpakan Magpakkan Pakanon .- .. Manpakpakan Nagpapakain Mampakan Munpakan Feeds (Commercial Pamakkan/ Pakan/Kanon di Pakan Timol/May-pekkan Pagpakan Angol Ange or Concocted) Pagpakkan Pakain Upok pinang-an ya mimogmoQan .'-_ ..•-- Fence Alad Alad/Pasbol Alad Abot Alad Alad/Kasaw/Pade Bakod Alad .... Alad -_ - - _ .. - Ferment Tapeyen Bangdesin/Sinodad Pabaf}glesen MaQlassam BassoQ9.Qn Tapeyen Pagbuburo ~li~gt~~li~ Pugtun .._- -- Fermented Fayas Basi Basi Alwas/Suka basi Bayas Basi Basi Basi 8ulla!~ane Basi ~---,.-. _.,._._-~ --_.. _---- ...... _.. _--_. Fire Apey Puol/Apoy Apoy Apoy Apoy Apoy Apoy Po-oVSagab/Apoy Apuy ------... _.._------_.. ---_ ..-._- - .- Fatad/Chatchata ay SimpaiPatad/ SingpalDekkan/ Flat Patad Tanap Tanap Patag Napanad luta Shekdan Patad Nundotal ---".._--,-_ .. _..- 1----- . ~._-".-._._ ..-.---- Flea TilanQ Temel Timel Kuto atu TilanQ Timel/Tilang PulgaslKuto Atilang Timol Pinakan/Megmegan/ Flock Grupon si talaken Bunggoy Arban Labban Taraken/Talaken Langkay/Kawan Pastol Pangon Imug-mugan 9 I
ENGUSH
Flood Layos Dayos Layos Dalanap Layos/Litap Layos Baha Layos Datong/Nalbong Pa shanomanl Flood irrigation Sebnang Agpalayas Dalanap agpadanum Ipadalanap si danum Sabang Patubig baha Manpadanum Padanuman SinbeQ Flour Alina Arena Arina MinamaJArina Tinampok Arina Arina Allina Alina SabongiBungai BulaklakiPrutas/ Flower/Fruit Topkaw/Funga Dames/Sabong Sabong/Bunga Sabong/ButaJBunga Sabong/Bunga Sabong Habung/Bunga Lames BunQa FOQ AnQep Coh-dep Angep Gitub/Angap Angop Angep/Libu-o Ulap Angop KulputIBugut MakulpotiEngohdepl Foggy Naangep Na-angep Naangap Anga-angoplAllilibuo Manlilibu-o Maulap Naangop Bugubugut Man-co-coh-dep Food Makan Mekan/Makan MakanlTaraon Kakkanan/Makkan Makan Makan Pagkain TalaoniMakan MakaniKanon Taytay/Rangtayl Footbridge Langtay Talaytayan Sillayon Langtay da tago AtayaniLangtay Tulay AIIatoy Pakdal Pakshal Forage rack Panganan BodegalAlang Pagikkan ti garami Agpakkanan Papakkanan Panpakanan Sabsaban/Pakainan Kudal Pinu-ul Alas/Bel-ewl GubatiKahuyani InalahanlMuyong/ Forest Pagpag Bakir Ginubat Ginobat KadaiKakak-kaiwan TattaloniGinubat Shontog/Kakiyewan KaQubatan PinuQu Fruitfly Kumaw Anim-itiBalengngaw Ngilaw Langaw prutas Lingaw Bangaw Langaw TalakitikiBalbalngaw Lango Keyew/Ngepos/ PansunodlTinubaki Fuelwood PinasekiMisuno Pangsungrod DungsolAlitan Kayo Panggatong/Gatong Jinikot Mitungu an kaiw Kiyow Ka-iw Full moon Fitfitaeg nan fuwan Sedag/Buklanot Kabos Darudar Dakol as solag Nasbey bu-an Kabilugan ng buwan Kavos Immongal di bulan MaibombaiSabidongl Fungicide Akhas Agas ni bigis Agas ti buot Pamatay tutu Dapol Parabombal Pamatay-amag Agas Pumpateh bu-ot Para boot Fungus Fuot Bo-ot Buot Tutu Buot Boot AmaQ Buot Bo-otIBiyu Furrow GulitIWaked Gulis/Kulit Gulis Gurit Gulis GulitIKusitIKugit Farow Gulit Tulaing/Boyah Garden Foag/Oma Garden/Pajew/Oma Pagmulaan KadananiBaang Mumula-an Non-alOmaiGarden Hardin Galjen Puntanoman Sitsaro/Gesantis/ Garden pea Disantis Sitsaro Sitcharo Chicharo Sitsaro Chicharo/tsitsaro Sitsalo Desantis Switpis Garlic Fawang Bawang Bawang Bawang Bawang Bawang Bawang Bawang Amput Germ Lukit Begis Germ Kagaw Isaw Bigis Mikrobyo Isaw Germ Tinmubo/Binumtiki Pagsibol/Pagtubol NabngVHumangol Germinate Fabgi/Fumki BengisITimil/Simit Panagrusing Tumobu Tumubo Tummobo Sinmungo/Sinmimit PaQ-usbong NalnQi Ginger Laya AgatiLaya Laya Basang Laya LayaiAgat Luya Laya Laya Goat Karching Kalshing/Kanshing Kalding Kalding Kalding Kalding Kambing Kaldjing Guiding Buck BuloQ BuloQ Toro Ama kalding Laki Bumalo ay kaldinQ BarakonQ kambing Tolo/Kalamtangan Bulog an guiding Doe Paina Kabajan Kabakyan Ina kalding Paina Babai ay kalding Inahing kambing Kabaiyan ObaylTin-na Kid Anak Kilao UbinQ a kalding Ana kalding Ubbo Anak di kalding Bisero Ulbon kaldjinQ Golang Goose Ganso Ganso Ganso Ganso Ganso Ganso Gansa Ganso Ganho Gander Barako Ganso Ganso a lalaki Ganso Laki Barako Lalaking gansa Ganso Kawitan ay ganho Hen Upa UfalOpa Ganso a babai Gansa Bai Ubo-an Inahing gansa Ubuwan UbuwaniUp-upa Gooseling Piyekllmpas Kiyap/Kipkip/Kiyep Piyek Ana ganso Issiw Kiyap Sisiw Piyok Im-impa ---
10 ENGLISH BONTOC IBALOI ILOKO ISNAG KAUNGA KANKANA-EY TAGALOG
Paggrado/pagbukod/ Manusan/Punguwan/ Grade/Sort Isinaillasin Pili/Pispis Paglalasinen Sina-on Pispisen/Pili-en/llasin Paghiwalay/ Piliyon Top-ngon Piliyan Pagklase Grain Foker/Bagas lIekiCosil Bukel Bukal Bugas Bukel/Butil Butil Bugas Boga Ba-eng/Apal Granary Allang/Akamang Alang/Baleg Kamarin Alang/Sipi Alang Bangan/Bodega Alang Alang Agamang GrassIWeed Lukham EdetiDoh-bet Ruot Kaddat Bollat Lugam/Nabe-as Damo Loot Holok SuliwetiDodon/ Grasshopper Chochon Shoron/Dodon Dudon Kalingat Balliit Tipaklong Djodjon Ba-atong Pakiyeng Graze Anglod Ngeb-ngeb/Mengan Pagpasturan Karab Ikalis/Galob Mangan/Man-alab Manginain Man-alab Alab Naliduman Greenhouse Grenhaws Grenhaws Grenhaws Sigay Grenhaws Grenhaws Linong di mula Puntubugan Ipagpatubuwan Gumabay/Lumangto/ Grow Tumufo/Mengngan Ba-deg/Kabay/Simit Agtubo Umabay/Dumakkal Dumakol Paglaki/Lumaki Djomakkol Umongal Dumakdake Kabjun/Gabjon/ Grub hoe Khabyon Gabion Palu Piko Salapsap/Gabyon Asarol/AsadaiPatik Piko Gabyon Sarado Guava Kayyab Bayabas Bayabas Bayawas/Bayabat Bayabat Bayabas/Gayabas Bayabas Gayyabas Bebet Dadal-Io/Dante/ Hail storm Chalalo/Chullalo Danti Oraro Ulalago/Uraro Dulalo Ulang yelo/Heyl Dulallo Dalallu Lante Baro wenno lakay Mapan bulan/ Hating-buwan/ Nakayang/Gudum an Half moon Tinmekwa nan fuwan Kagashowen bulan Gogwa solag Nan-unat di bu-an Guduan bulan nga Bulan Arinunus Kalahating buwan bulan Harness Sallong EhetiEketilpako Ipako Lubid Paguyudan EketiPaguyod/Sango Singkaw Man-awitan/Sangol Panakul Suyod/Sakhod/ Sagad/Arasho/ Suyod/Saloysoy/ Harrow Pak-ol/Palpal Buriski Suyod Suyod Pailid Kawal/Huyung Sagad Saloysoy Arado Man-apitiMan-ani/ Harvest ApitiAni AfitlApitlAni Apit ApitlAni/Gani Ani/Apit Ani Apit BotoklAni/Bok-ka Manbeka Panag-aani/ Tempon afitITempon Panag-aapitl Harvest season Panag-aapit Pinag-aapitiPinagani Iya-ani/lya-apit Anihan/Tag-ani Panag-ani Ahi-ani/Ahitulu Panag-aapit ni apitiSi-anni Panag-aani MengafitiMemoras/ Agap-apitiMaggani/ Man-ap-apitl MunbotokiMun-ani/ Harvesting En-an-ani Pan-apitiSi-apiti Pinag-aapit An-ani Pag-aani Man-ani Aggahani Man-an-ani Munbok-ka Memoshas/Man-anni Hatch Pikki Pen-ikiPensaiPetki Agpissa Namsit Umissiw ManpesaiMapetkian Pisa Ub-oban Map-ah Hay Khumang/Chakami Sabal Garami Arutang/Akaw Ulot Garami Dayami Gam-mi Dagami Hedge Alad Gilid/Kilig/Tenneng Murdong Padaw/Aray/Patu Alad Baneng Halamang-bakod Tambak Pinu-ol/Natuggo Agas kaddatl MaibombaiSabidongl Herbicide Akhas Savishong Pagpatay ti ruot Agas bullat Herbicide Pangposol ay loot Pumpateh holok Pamatay kaddat Parabombas lugam Herd Grupon si talaken Pinekkan Pangen Arban Kalowalowang Taraken/Talaken Kawan Pangon Mun-uuwadi Mungabul/Tag-udan/ Hill-up Mengabur Sarado/Serado Ringkunen Limbang Kalun/Kalunan Sarado/Serado Pagtabon Gabulam Muntodag In-nalong/Alakshang/ Hillside Chuntog Bakras Baging bumabbantay Beleg/Baklas Bilig/Kabilbiligan Libis ng burol Sag-on gan bilig Maduntog Bantileg Pabayadan/ Hired labor Porchiya Medagbo-an/Pordiya Matangtangdanan Manglu Oblantes/Pordiya Arawan Manangdjan Naboklaan Patangdan
11 I
KANKANA..EY TAGALOG
Horse Kafayo Kavajo/Kabadjo Kabalyo Kabalyo Kabayo Kabayo Kabayo Kabayo Kabayu Colt Kafayo Kavajo/Kabadjo Bomaro Bumam nga kabalyo Amabbago Kabayo Bisiro Ulbon Kabayu Batang kabayong Filly Bumalasang Kavajo/Kabadjo Bumalasang Bumalasang kabalyo Amabbalasang Bumalasang Kabaayan Kabayu babae Batang kabayong Foal Fab-alo Kilaw Ubing a kabalyo Urbon kabalyo Abeng Kabayo Kilaw/Bumalo Ulbon ay kabayo Kabayun golang lalaki/Bisiro Mare Kamfakyan Kabajan Babai nga kabalyo Bakat nga kabalyo Paina un kabayo Kabay-yan Inahing kabayo Kabaiyan Babain kabayu Stallion Bulog Bumalo Lalaki Bula nga kabalyo Paama un kabayo Bul-Ia Kabayong bulugan Kalantangan Kabayun bulog Siling maanghang/ Hot pepper Sili Sili Sili Turang/Gappo Sili Sili Vongaw Paktiw Labuyo Napudot nga Atong ay timpo/ Naprang/ Man-atong/ Maalinsangan/ Potta-pottang/ Hot weather Petang/Empetang panaweniNabarai Man atong Kamaga Chackon Napasungat Manpet-ang Tag-initITag-araw Maatung NadaQa-anQ Housefly Laleg Apangatllmoc Ngilaw/Dingraw Langaw/Banggaw Lingaw Lal-la-eQ LanQaw Ngilaw/LinQaw Lalog Immune Inmingsa Imtun/Naing-sa Nairuam Mapenam Um-minam/Umingsa NaingsaiNairowam Di tinatablan Um-minam ImminQha Insect Fikis Begis/lnsekto Insekto AriwaQwaQ Insekto BiQis Insekto/Kulisap Insekto Insekto MaibombaiSabidongJ Pangposolay Insecticide Akhas/Safichong Saveshong Pagpatay ti insekto Panglattong Sabidong Pamatay-kulisap Kodot Parabombas bigis insekto Padanuman/ Irrigated Layew E-shanoman Mapasayakan Napadanuman Layew/Masibugan Pinatubigan Napadanuman Nadanuman Nadanuman Irrigation Payas/Alak Shanoman/Kulokol Pagpasayak Padanum Alak Bagan Patubig Paayas Alak Ka-achalem nan ShalernlDebing ni Water depth Kauneg ti danum Kaadallam Kaadalom Kaada-Iem Lalim ng tubig Kot-tong Kadalom chanum shanum Tuloy-tuloy/ Continuous Maid pengpeng na Tuloy-tuloy Agnanayon Peyapeyang Antot-tottod Tuloy-tuloy Mantodtod Mun-nanamong Mantetetned Flooding Posngen Sinbeg Palayas Lannap Ipadalanap Mangabang/llibeng Pagbabaha Pasuyakam Nalbong/Labngon Rainfed Pak-ang Talon/Bangkag Bangkag Mod-odanan Udanan Bangkag Sahod-ulan Maudanan Maudanan Drought Tuchok Kegang/Tiakew Tikag Tikag Angag Kalgaw TagtuyotITagbisi Kamaga Dopal Jackfruit Langka Dangka Langka Anangka Lamka Langka Langka Langka Langka FangaiFurnay/Gusi/ Jar Salaw Burnay Gusgusi Iddanuman Kuli/Gambong Tapayan/Gusi/Banga Djanuman Buhi/Dunug/Angang Tuunan Java Plum Lomboy Domboy Lungboy Lumboy Longboy Lumboy DuhatlLumboy Lomboy Lomboy Knife Khipan Ta-ed/Dansita Kutsilyo/Kampit Iku Gipan Gipan Kutsilyo Gipan/Uho UwalHinalong Pampasuso/ Ampagatas/ Pagpapasuso/ Lactation Enpasoso Panagpasuso Maggatta Manpasoso Manpaspasuso Punpahuhu Amansoso Ampasuso PaQPapadede Ladder Teytey AgshanlTe-te Agdan Agdan Aldan AgdanlTeytey Hagdan Aldjan Tete/Pakdal Lake Posong Binejayeng/Debbeng Libtong Pispisung Lobong Lebeng Lawa Posong Lubong/Puhong Land LutaiDagaiLuti Bu-Day/Shaga Daga DagaiLusa PitaiLuta DagaiLote/Saadan Lupa Solal Luta May-Iupal Land owner AkinlutalAkinkua Mahin bu-day to Akin daga Makinlusa Kampayaw/Singkua Akin dagalAkin uka Singkua simakmak Udluta May-ari nQ lupa Landless Mid luta na Enshi bu-day to Awan daga na Awan lusa Ippon payaw na Magay daga na Walang lupa Naid makmak na Maid luta na -~~- 12 __EN_G_L_IS_H B_ON_T_O_C IB_A_LO_I_...... l-__IL_O_KO__--,--__IS_N_AG KA_L_IN_G_A_I KANKANA·EY I TAGALOG T1NGGUIAN TUWALI
Larva Bigis Begis Bigis Kinkinit tadang Ogos Bigis Tilas Oyos Bigi Man-ikdog/ Mangitlog/ Lay Umit-itlog Panag-itlog Magl-ilog Umitlog Man-itlog Umitlog/Mangiplug Mun-itlog Mengikdog Nangingitlog Leaf Fulong Bulong Bulong, Ad-adon Tubo Bulong Dahon Tubo Tubu Leaf curl Kulot Kulot Kulot Naakinkinit Kulikog Kulot Kulot Kolittokot Nakulot on tubu Leaf spot Latek Baltek/Datek Latik Balbaldong adon Batok di tubo Latek Nabatikanq dahon Ditubo Latik di tubu Leafminer Ngilaw Ngilaw Ngilaw Batungol naya adon Lingaw di tubo Nqilaw/Lifmayner Leafminer Killapog Lifmayner Leech Matek Alinta/Bileg/Matek Alimatek AlimatalAlimanawan Alinta Alinta/Matek Linta/Limatik Matak/Matok Matok Leek Danggo Dasuna/Shangkho Bulong sibuyas Lasona Danggo Sibuyas/Danggo Kutsai Sibuyas Tubun di danggo Sahajap/Perres/ Lemon Chalayap Dalayap Kahel Dalayap Dalayap Lemon/Dayap/Kahel Djalayap Lemon Lemon/Pusposok Lice Kuto Kuto Kuto Kuto/Kiyat Kuto Kuto/Tuma Kuto/Lisa Koto Kuto Light Silaw/Paway Selew/Silew/Maniyal Silaw/Lawag Lawag/Wada Silaw Silaw/Silew Liwanag/llaw Lampala Hilaw/Dilag Lightning Koliyapyap/Kimat KimaVBagidat Kimat KilaVKimat Kilat Kimat KidlaVLintik Kilat Mapot-al/Kilat Lima bean Patani Atab/Patani/Etab Patani Tangingi KalbaVltab Kuppite/ltab Patani Patani Atabi Liming Apogan Mengaplay ni lime Panagusar ti apog Ap-apugan Iyapol/Apolan Layming Pag-aapoq Apolan Apulan Magipaga/ Ikarga/Men-ikarga/ Man-ikarga/ Load Mankalka/Kalka Panagkarga/Karga Magilugan/ Bubokkodan/lbukod Pagkarga/Karga Kal-gaan Punuwon Karga Man-iluglugan Magisagpat Pagbatayan nga Platapormang Loading platform Plataporma Panshagpatan Batay pagsagpatan Bubokkodan Pansagpatan AIIatoy Punpat-tukan agkarga kargahan Dudun/Slbuwaw/ Belbelting/ Locust Chochon Dudon Siyab/Sisibaw/ Dodon SoliweVDodon Balang Djodjon/Dudun Dudun Beddaddeng Pilagay pingpingku Batang/Talaksan/ Log Langes/Linnanges Tabda/Toroso/Kiyew Troso Taruso/Pungka Batang Troso Talikayu Nalngo an kaiw Minunqo/Troso Looper Fikis Begis Dangan-dangan Dangan-dangan Batol Dangan-dangan Uod Mallukuto ogos Da-angan Nalugi/Maatiw/ Loss (economic) Lukhi/Nalukhi Lugi/Abak Lugi Naawanan/Nalugi Naabakan Lugi Nalugi/Nabanglap Nalugi Namaga Manure Tai/Lumeng Tae/Kitel Takki ti animal Kawel Altay Tai Tai/Dumi/lpot Bugaso Tai/LugiVGali-ing DahuaniDakuan/ Pamilihan/Palengke/ Market MarkeVTinchaan Paglakuan Paglalakuwan Malket Panlako-an/Markit Tindjaan Malket Tinsha-an Merkado/Talipapa Mate Manacha Penakal/Penekep Panagpamanada Magdakay Asawaon/Manada Mandakep Pagkasta Pachakupam Mamaya-an Nakulnitan/Nagangu/ Nat-ungan/Ma-ilog/ Mature Naeteng/Nengngan Natengan/Eta-engan Natangkenan Natangkinan/ Nautong Naket-eng Magulang Nautong Nahikon Nakulnit Patpatok/Bukbuki/ Meat KamelWatwat Afag/Apag/Buki/Buke Kame Kame Sida Kame Kaine Dotag Ap-apag Beef Kamin si faka Afag ni baha Kame ti baka Tabbit baka Kaine di baka Kaine di baka Kameng baka Kalnin baka Dotag di baka Carabeef Kamin si nuwang Afag ni nuang Kame ti nuang Tabbit nuwang Kaine di luwang Kaine di nuwang Kameng kalabaw Kalnin luwang Dotag di nuwang
13 ENGLISH BONToe IBAlOI IlOKO ISNAG KALiNGA I KANKANA·EY I TAGALOG TlNGGU1AN TUWALI
Chevon Karnin si karching Afag ni kalshing Karne ti kalding Tabbit kalding Kaine ni kalding Kaine di kalding Karneng kambing Kalnin kaldjing Dotag di guiding
Mutton Karnin si karnero Afag ni karnero Karne ti karnero Tabbit karnero Kaine ni karnero Kaine di makawas Karneng tupa Kalnin kalnilo Dotag di kalnelo Pork Karnin si fotog Afag ni bavoy Karne ti baboy Tabbit aboy Kaine di bulok Kaine di busa-ang Karneng baboy Kalnin bulok Dotag di babuy Melon Melon SanjalMelon Morad TupaJSupa Udal Sanja Milon Molod Melon Siwasiwakl Meteorite Follayaw/Folalayaw Buladakew Bolalakaw Bulalakaw Bulalakaw Bolalakaw Bulalakaw Bulalakaw Bulalakaw Milk Khatas Katas Gatas Gatta Gatas Gatas Gatas Gatas Gattak Tungaw/Ulmogl Mite Kakew KagewlAmpas Anay/Mites Ampas/Kagaw Tungaw Tungaw Anoy/Ampas Kago AninQapnQap Mold Fu-ot Bo-ot Buot Taramitim/Buot Buot Bo-ut Amag BooVAmag Bu-ut Moldy Nafuotan BuotanlAbu-otan Nabuot Nabuot Ambubuot Nanbo-ut Maamag NabooVNabuutan Nabu-utan Mongo Mongkho Balatong/Mongo Balatong Balatong Balatong Monggo Balatong Balatong Balatong Pabugso-bugsong Mahapukl Monsoon rain Uchan PuweklOran Nepnep Annag Oltot Panag-uudan/Pewek Bali paQ-ulan Umuda-udan Month Fuwan Bulan Bulan Bulanan Binulan/Bulan Bu-anlBuwan Buwan Bulan Bulan Moon Fuwan Bulan Bulan Bulan Bulan/Solag Buwan/Bu-an Buwan/Bwan Bulan Bulan Morning Wiit Agsapa AgsapalBigat AI-alawalPagmakat Bigbigat AgsapalNapat-a Umaga Bigbigat Biggat-nalMawi-it Mortar Losong Bajuan Alsong Bayuwan Lusong Lusongan Lusong Alsong Luhung Mosaic Latik Batik Mosaic Mosaic Labbalabbang/Batok Nalatek Mosaic Balok Latik LamalAgukopl Lamokl Mosquito Kumaw/Lamok DamokilmokITopkan Lamok 1I0kiLamok Lamok Lamok Toma Gubang Waswassavan Laboy/Labey/LumoV Moss Fakhiw/Lumot Bagiw/Daboy Lumot Lumut Bagiw Lumot LumoVBagiw Lumuy/Bagiw BaQiw TambakiBuntonl Mound Funton Bunton/PutnoylT0-01 Bunton Laton Bunton Bunton Bunton Inado/Pingkol Punso Kashontoganl Bulubundukinl Mountainous Fanfantay/Filfilig Banbantay Bambantay Bebeleg Dontog Kabilbiligan Maduntug Shonshontog Mabundok Mud PitakiPitek Petoy/Pitek Pitak PitaJLupang/Lubna Piyok Pitek Putik LuttakiPuyak Pitok Panangngalep-ep ti MulchinglAp-apl Mulch Men ap-ap si Iota puon ti mula iti Ap-apan Ap-apan Ap-aplAp-apan Mulch AplagarnlGabolan Inadu Napnap bulbulonQ Mushroom Kum-o Oong/Bagel Oong Uong Uong U-ong/Bage Kabuti Oong Bulung Kakhafanl Kalaballkdoganl Nest Umok Subut Sukbot Ubong Pugad Kulong/Suk-bot Buya FanQitloQan ObonQ Ganansiyal Net farm income Ganar/Galansia KanansyalNeto Ganansia Ganansia Maganansiya Kita Ganansia Ganal Galansiya Djamon bulan New moon Limeng PangeVNingel Linned Lasiad bulan Saal Panget Bagong buwan Bulan lumtaw Davi/Kalebiyanl Nighttime Malafi/Lafi/Maschem Rabii Gabiyin Labi Nalabi Gabi Labi/Lumabi Hilong Edabi -- . "_.-_.- ~ -----_._----~-~---- 14 ENGLISH BONToe IBALOI IlOKO ISNAG KALiNGA I. KANKANA·EY .1 TAGALOG TINGGUIAN TUWALI
Node Onget Bukow/Buko Buko Buko Buko Onget Buko Buko Buku Pansemilyaan/ Pagpatubuan ti Nursery Semilyaan Pagipatubuwan Nasary/Bunubunan Similyaan Similyahan/Nursery Masetasan Similyaan Bonobonan bunobon Onion bulb Lasuna Sibujas/Sibuyas Sibuyas Bungaw lasona LasunalSibuyas Sibuyas Sibuyas Lasona Sibuyas Orange Lolokisen/Gayunan OrangefTamboyog Dalanghita Uttay/Kahel Allagan/Gayonan Orens Dalandan/Dalanghita Gimma Gugul-Iu Edabas ja duwem/ Over-ripe Nakging/Niyuniyok Nalabes ti luom NalungtotlNarupsa Nalpos Naom ay pasya Sobrang hinog Nalpos Nakal-kal-um Edais Pail SakchoanfTimfa Timba Timba Timba Timba TimbalBalde TimbalBalde Timba Timba Partnership Sosyo KaitlKasosyo Kasosio Kabulig/Kaseng Kabulig/Kagwa Kasosyo Sosyuhan Mansakup/Kasakup Munkadwa Pasture Pastor Pasto Pastor Pasto Kakallisan Pastol Pastul Anag/Pasto Pahtul Pastol/Pastulan/ Pagpastuan/ Punpastulan/ Pasture land Pastoran/Punchag Pagpastoran Kakallisan Pastulan/Paalaban Pagpapastulan Pastoan/Aalaban Budusan PaQPaaraban PanQanan Pathway Chalan Shalan DanalDalan Daddalenan/Dalan Dalan/Ma-oy Danan Daraanan/Landas Djalan Dalan Pay Fayadan Bayad/Bayshan Agbayad Bayad/Subad/Sukat Bayad Bayadan Bayad Bayad Bayadan Payment Fayad Bayshan/Bayad Bayad Pagbayad Bayad na Bayad Kabayaran Bayadan Bayad Pepper (bell/green) Sili Sili/Kamaw Taban Gappa Sili Sili Sili/Lara Sili Sili Pest Pisti Pesti Peste Ananakan Peste Peste/Sakit Peste/Salot Pisti Peste Pesticide Akhas Saveshong Pagpatay ti peste Pamatay ananakan KodotlSabidong Sabidong Pamatay-peste Pistisido Pumpateh peste Pestle Ar-o AI-o/Dahdo/Dado AI-o Allo AI-o AI-o Halo/Pambayo AI-o AI-uh
Pick Piko Piko Piko Piko Matok/Piko Piko Piko/AsadalAsarol Piko Piko Kudungan ni bavoy/ Kulungan ti baboy/ Buho-aboy/Duhong Pukukan/da bolok/ Kulungan ng baboy/ Kilong bulok/ Gungu/Pukungan di Pig pen Khongo/Khongowan Kulungan di bisa-ang Kebkeb Ubong Pagpukuan aboy Pakod Ulbo Pukokan bulok baboy Babuyan/ Piggery Kafutugan Babuyan/Kebkeb Pagtareknan ti baboy Pagabuyan Bobollokan Babuyan Babuyan Mantalkonan bulok Pukungan Buntigue/Bontike/ Pine cone Follifog Sabong ti Saleng Bis! bidofTalang Bunga salong Buttige Pine cone Bungan salong Bungan di bolbol Botdege Pineapple Pinya Pangshan/Pinya Pinya Pinya Pinya Pinya PirialPinya Pangdjan Gakad En-esek/Enmulal MagmulalMagtugno/ Man-mulalMan-esek/ Pagtatanim/ Muntanom/ Planting Man-esek/Panmoda Panagmula Mammula Manmula Mentanem Magiruda Mantunod Nagtatanim Muntan-tan-nom Panmasetasan/ Plot KamalFaliling Kama Aray/Kama Pinabantay PlotlUmong Kama Kama Binal-lakhalNailed Panmulaan Plow/Plough Alacho Arasho Arado Arado Alado Arado/Alado Araro Aladjo Alado Ducban/Dobban/ Pomelo Lubfan Sua Dummon/Lumban Lubban Lubban/Lukban SuhalLukban Gimma Tabuyog/Lubban Kalebew MaralitalMahirap/ Poor Kochu/Pusi Beteg/E-beteg Napanglaw Pubri Kapos Nabiteg/Pobre/Kudo Panglaw Nawotwot DukhalPobre Pagtareknan ti Panmanukan/ Manukan/Bahay ng Kagungkung di Poultry house Kamanokan Manokan/Kagaban Kurong anu Kagaban Kagaban/Buki manok KaQaban manok manok Pregnant Maliton Malukon/Eduhon Panagsikog Magbusit Mabugui Masikog Buntis Nabugi Butyug I 15 ENGLISH BONToe IBALOI ILOKO ISNAG KALiNGA I KANKANA·EY I TAGALOG TINGGUIAN TUWAU PreseNe Preserba Kuday/Maytido Panangpreserba Pangareserba Igappotllyamma Iki-ing/ldulin Pagpepreserba Iyamma Itapa Price Falor Presyo/banol Presyo Presio/Gatad Balor/Gatad Presyo/Gatad HalagalPresyo Plisyo Balol Para bo-day/ Mamulmulal Pabrikante/ Producer Menmul-mula Agparpartuat Maragkuwa Gardenero Manmulmula Muntantanom ParamulalGardenero Mantangtangkon Tagagawa Product Lakho Daho/Dako/Produkto ApitiKita Tagilako/Napartuat MulaITangkon Apit Produkto Polodjokto/Mailaho Lako Kanansysal InapitiNaganansial Ganansiyal Ganansiyal Tubo/Pakinabang/ Profit Ganar/Galansya Ganansia Ganansia GananhiyalGanal Ganansya Naganab Galansiya Galansiya Kita Kesay/Mengsay/ Panagputed iti MagtadawlTadawan/ Pruning Siplingan/Entodtod DasdaITengshal/ Tadawan/Mantadaw Tadawan Pagbawas TadjawanlTiliman Muntungil nagango nga sanga Magsipprud Potolan Rain Uchan Uran/Oran Tudo Udan Udan Udan Ulan Udan Udan Fungakhan/ Rainbow Bongdol Bullalayaw Bunglon Abungal AbungalBadkong Bahaghari/Renbo Tibbongalon Atibungalon Atimbungaen Rainfall Uchan Shekes/Oran Agtudo Magudan Iyudan/lyu-udan Udan Ulan Man-ud-udan Udan Rainwater Uchan Oran Tudo Danum udan Udan Udan Tubig-ulan Danum udan Udan Kesep/Panag-uudan/ Panag-uuran/ Pinaguudan/ Kabasal Rainy season Panagtutudo Aggudan Panag-uudan/De-am Tag-ulan Panag-uudan Chinamey Sebedao/Si-oran Pinagaannag Maudo dol-am Rake Kala-id Kalaykay Karaykay Karaykay Kaykay Kalaykay Kalaykay Kalaykay Kaw-i Rat Otot UtotiBao Bao/Utot Ulag/ButitiBussag Utot Otot Daga Otot Gelew Degwey/Eguey/ Rattan Uwey away Uway battat Iwoy Uway Ratan/Lantok Owoy Uwe/Littuku Owey Alakshang/Pung-as/ Ravine Cheppas Der-raas Pirong Top-ang Deppas Bangin Duplas Punga Shipdas KaritiKalawiti Reaper Lakem Dakkem/Shakem Rakem Reaper Lakkom Rakem Lakom Gamulang Panggapas TirahanlTahanan/ Residential house Afong Baley Balay Balay pagyanan Boloy Be-ey Buloy Bale Bahay Ubaas/Nabay-an/ Residue Nakhayad Abay-an/Subda Arinsaed Purag/Purad/Puyot Nabun-an Latak/Sapal Alinuknuk Dilu Saleksek Retail Menucho Retail Tingi tingi Tagiitte nga lako Minudo lIako/lretil Tingi Manpaminocho Inginallhubli Begas/Beggas/ 1ice Nakiskis/Nailik Nakiskis Baggat inirid Binayo Nakiskis ay' begas Bigas Binayo Nakiskis Bek-kas Uncooked rice Fakhas/Binayo Begas/Beggas/Bikas Nakusel Baggat Maata isnalBogas Begas Bigas Binayo Boga Newly cooked Inepuy/Kay-okan/ Inapoy Kalloto Apaggapuy KaiyisnalKaut-uto Innapoy/Kaut-uto Sinaing Kapan uto ay asog Hinamal rice Badon-doto Left over Nabagnat inapuy/ KinabfanlTecha Kilabban/Kelabban Kilabban Tugda Kilaban Bahaw/kanin-Iamig Asog ay baaw Na-agge/Pa-og cooked rice Nabaw Rise Fumlad Debag/Malbag Nabillad Lumbad Bumtal Malbag Alsa Bumlad ay asog Malbag Dukneng/Enjep-es/ Manyom-os/ Soft Enyam-es Nalukneng Nangalug/Narupsa Mankumpetay MalambotiLugaw Nayam-os/Nalum-oy Mayam-o Anshep-es Nalum-oy Tangken/Makinteg/ Mangkot-ong/ Hard Ak-akenteg Natangken Nakulnit Nakintal/Makneg Matigas Nakudsol ay asog Makulhi Makintal Mambolang
16 __E_NG_L_IS_H_~_B_ON_T_O_C_-,---_IB_A_L_OI_-----.L.-_~IL~O_K_O_--,--__IS_N_AG KA_L_IN_G_A_I KANKANA-EY I TAGALOG TINGGUIAN TUWALI
Improperly Natannung/ Natafe Batil/E-batil/Abatil Nakusel Nabirad Napita/Nakotta Nabatil Hilaw Naupit cooked rice NaboQQa Ricefield Layew Talon/Payew Mapadanuman Taltal unan/Payaw Payaw Payew/Layew TubiQanQ palayan Masawallian Payo/Nalbongan Maya/Mayang pula Rice bird Tilin/Chekchek Beshing Billit tuleng Ballit Tilin Beding/Buding Tilin Buding I (Maya sa palay) Rice bran Tuyo Toyo/Babang/Shiki Tuyo Tuyu Dugi Digi Darak/lpa Djogil Dugi Upok Rice bUQ DanQaw Dangaw Dangaw Dangaw Dangaw Dangaw Atangya DanQaw Bit-tah-ayunq Kiskisan/Gilingan/ Punbayuwan/ Rice mill Kiskisan/llikan Kiskisan Kiskisan Gulingan/Kiskisan Kiskisan Gilingan/Kiskisan Panbaywan Ammay/BaQQat Kiskisan Rice straw Chakami Garami/Sabal Garami Arutang/Akaw Dagami GaramilAlutang Dayami ng palay Gammi Dagami Rice varieties Klase Kilase Nadumaduma Ganan Klase Klasin di baClas Klase ng palay Nadumaduma on ila Klase Maraming anil High yielding Mabsil Mabunga Adu nga maapit Nabun/Nabisi Mambugas Mabsil Nabgas Nabugah Mataas na ani Datihan/Naytaron/ Kasigudan/ Traditional Kachawyan/Ginolot Kadawyan Nepagagangay Kasigudan Sinaunang binhi Kainsigudan Hanon dati Sigod/Native Kadaanan -- Pangkalakall Commercial Para lako/Komersiyal Tinongkal Pangkomersio Kamursio Binaliwon/Komersal Komersiyal Palalako Komersiyal Komersiyal Glutinous DiketiChayaket ShiketiShayakot Diket Nadekat Dekot DiketiMalagkit Malagkit Salikot Dayakkot Bangdo/Mansingew/ Aromatic Saliket Nabanglo Nabangog Ambango Manseng-ew Mabango/Aromatik Nabanglo Mahang-o Mambangdo Alak bigas/ Rice wine Tapey Tapey Binubudan Tapuy Tapoy Tapey Alak binobodjan Baya Binong-bigas Nabaknang/ Kachangyan/ Mayaman/Makwalta/ Rich Baknang Nabaknang Nabanang Baknang/Pangat Sassa-ew/ Baknang Kadangyan Faknang Masalapi -----" .. ._ Kadangyan Rind Kolapot Okis/Kiskis Okis Ukis/Bula KolapotlUkis Ukis PinakabalatiBalat Ukis/Upik Ukih ----- .- Riprap Tuping/Kabiti Kaveti/Kabite Kabite Kubiti Tuping/Kabiti Kabite/Batog Kabiti Tuping Tuping _. Ripe Nar-om/Niyok Eduwem/Adowem Naluom Nalutu Nal-om Naom Hinog Nal-om Nal-um ._-- ---_... - - - ..- Naom/Naket-eng/ Ripening Mar-om Panpaduem Agpaloom Sidagan/Nabgatan Mal-om Paghinog Mal-om Munkal-um Malungtot .--- Daw-wang/ Wanga Padok/Pahdok Karayan Wangag Ginawang 1I0g Wangwang Wang-wang River WanJl~,!ng .... - Daan/Kalye/ Road Karsa Kalsara Kalsada Kalsada Kalsa Kalsada Kalsadja Kalata Lansangan Rock Fato Bato Bato Pinat Balintoogan Balo 8alo Pinpinas;m Batu Root Lamot Damot Ramut Gamot Lamot Lamul Ugal Lamol Lamut Row Linya Aray/Linya Gulis GuritiLinia Linlinya Linya Hanay Nanbibinnalog Linya Bongul/SimitlPingi/ Runner/Sprout Pingi/Salingit Anak/Saludol/Peki Saringit Asi/Daludal/Aruy Siya/Abeng Supang An-anak/Akayag PingilHalepeng Saringit ~-----,.- Rust Lati Dati Lati Kirang Lati Lati Kalawang Lati Lati _•..._- --- •.. ---'-"-~- Sack Sako Saho/Sako Sako SupotiSako/Kados UpitiSako Sako Sako/Lona Kostal Saku - ---._-_._------Sand Lakhan/Ufod SharatiBisii Darat Ginat Gallis/Lagan DaratiLagan Buhangin Lagan Pan-ag/Lona 17 ENGLISH BONToe
Galgallis/ Sandy Laglakhan Enaratllmisil Panaraten Naginat Lanas Mabuhangin Nalaokan si lagan Mapan-ag/Malona Nalaglaganan TututlShanum/Netal Sap Leta Tutot Tutut LotaITotot Ngeta Dagta SitoklPahat Lota Detta Nandagashean/ Nagragadian ti kayo/ Kinan di Sawdust Sodas/Kusot Tapu nagragadian Nanlagadiyan Kusot Momo KusutlLinagade Nandagashi-an Kusot laQadi/Sodas Scab Kab-Kab/Kudkud Gashil/Gadgad Kursing/Scab Kabkab/Magslsl Kabkab Kab-kab Galis Kabkab Kabkab Scythe Kumpay Kumpay/Khari Kumpay Kumpay Kumpay Kumpay Kumpay Kumpay Kompay Seed Foker/Fua Butil Bukel/Bin-i Bukal/Bin-i Bukol/Bin-i Semilya Buto/Binhi/Similya Bukol Buwa Pan semiljaan/ Pagbukibuhan/ Pepennalan/ Padogan/ Seedbed Padchokan Pagbunobonan Punlaan Pinatan Punhopnakon Bunobunan Pagsibuan Bubunnubunan Pansimilya-an Magimumo/ Panbunubon/ Man-semilyal Seeding Enfunufun Pinagbunobon Magtugno/ Iyosokllmula PagpunlalPagtanim Dilitso ay mula Itanornllhopna Esek ni butil Man-bunubon Magibukibo HinopnaklBin-i/ EseklPachog SemiljalBonobon Bunobon Bukibo/Bunubon Bunobon/Penal Similya PunlalSimilya Bonobon/Masetas Seedling Mitanom Sell lIakho Daho/Dako Aglako lIako lIako lIako Magbili/Magtinda Manlako Inginallhubli Mengedako/ Munhubli/ Seller Men ilaklako Aglaklako Maraglako Allalako Para lako TinderaITindero Manlaklako Para dako Munngina Manbi-nulod/ BigayanlBahaginan/ Tinnulong/Bingay/ MangisatlMangipatl Mangitod/ Share Tinudong/Pabibingay Panangibingay Mantinulong/ Nagbibigayan/ Mangtod/Palunan Id-datan/Ubbu Finnachang Maginggab Mangmangtod ManbinnadanQ Naghahatian Asaan/Simlitan/ Sharpening stone Uvulan/Obodan Asaan Anetan/Amaridan Asaan Palidan/Asa-an Lagisang bato IlIidjan Ha-itan Palichan Sheep Karnero Karnero/Kalnelo Karnero Karnero Karnero Karnero TupalKarnero Kalnilo Kalnelo UgotlUtdo/Otdo/ Supang/Talbosl Shoot Otchek UggotlSaringit Rabong Utol Usyek UlsoklUtol Haping Osiek Usbong Pag-urong/Pag-ikti/ Shrink Kesen/Kumsen Kinmesen Kimbet Kinumrit UmmakitlKinumbot Kinumsen Nahlit Nayohan Pagkital Sickle Kumpay Kumpay Kumpay Kumpay Kumpay Kumpay LiliklKaritlPanggapas Gaman Kompay SarpitlPagsinnan/ Mangil-an/Senyal/ Maika on Sign Senyal/Signal Sinyal/Sinjal Senyal/Pagilasinan Buton/Sinyal Senyales/Sintomas Pamtokan TaQematun Mangimatonan mangilasinan DangitlNaykayang/ LangitlPapawirin/ Sky Chaya Tangatang Langit Langit Daya Tangatang Lagud KilislTabben Himpapawid Slash and burn Uma UmalOma Uma Koman/Agkomanan Baang/Uma UmalNum-alKaingin Kaingin Um-umaan Habal/Uma Pangangatay/ Partien/Pagpartiyan Palti/Dabak Agparti Magparti Palti Palti-en Palti Palti Slaughter Pagparti/Pagkatay Manshalal Bleed Pachala Agpadara Magdagdaga Padala Pinikpikan Pagkatay Mandjaldjala Mundadala Emanshida Blood Chala Shala Dara DaQa Dala Dada Dugo DjalalDala Dala Dehair Kuskosan Puhis/Koskosan Kuskusan Mamukis/G udgodan PukisanlKiskisan Kuskusan/Kiskisan Kuskusin/Pagkuskos Kuskosam Kupuhan Entrail Chalem SusotlShalem Medensia Lalaem DalornlBagis Eges Laman-Ioob Bagis Putu Scald Lamawen DasoklLamaw Panaglamaw Magbalni/Lamawan Lamawon Labno-an/Lano-an Pagpabanli Lamawen Lamawon Singeing Lakiman lIoQ/Pu-ol lsiram Pulpogan Langnon/llangon lIagit Pagsasalab [email protected]______L~~ ______18 ENGLISH BONTOC
Sled Pasagad Pasagad/Patoki Pasagad Guyodan/Pasagad Paguyod/Patuki Patuki Paragos/Kareta Pasagad Patuki Smoke Asok Asok Asok Atu Asok Asok Usok/Aso Asok Ahuk Nesapan/Sinapan/ Isoog/Suoban/ Pagtatapa! Smoking Iki-ing/Isu-ob Suob/May-sooi/iso-ol Isuor Eki-ing/Su-oban Suogan Ihayung Mesasapan Suogan Pagtitinapa Biruruko/Beroroco/ SawitiBarikuko/ Bisokol/Listog/Binga! Billolokok/Listog/ Snail Filoloko Birurukong/Bisukol Biloloko/Bisokol Suso/Kuhol/Bisokol Pilak Bisokol Dagikan Agudong Agudong Snake Uweg/Uwa Uleg Uleg Kuddog/Balatlldaw Ulog Eweg Ahas/Sawa Ulog Ulog Ufel/Pangi-aneng/ Panangiyupar/ Soak Iyoper Panagiuper Ipabasa!lyupol Ibenben/ltabel Pagbabad ng binhi Iyopel/Sunong Ihopnak Itta-bel Panangl-bar Soil Luta Bu-day/Shaga!Dota Daga Luskan/Lusa Pita!Luta Luta Lupa Pita Luta Bonobonan/ Soil bed Faliling/Kama Kama Aray/Kama Tinamba Pepennalan Kama Kama Binal-Iakha Panmulaan Davanos/Guyabano/ Sour sop Gayubana Guayabano Guyabano Gayobano Guyabano Guyabano Balniba Gayubano Bayobano Spade Spid Pala Pala Spading Pala Sped Asada!Asarol Tinildjol Ga-ud Spider Kakawa Kakawa Lawwa-Iawwa Babbalakay Kawa Tiktikawa Gagamba Akawwa!Kawa Kakaw-wa Pa-jas/Padjiyas/ Spillway Khosingan Palupyas Pagayusan/Pasuweg Gusingan Gusingan Agusan Palipyas Guhing Bodja-ngan Spot Latek Tulshek/Maltec Batik Burri Labang Latik Mantsa!Batik/Patak LabanglTulnok Naptok Sprayer Fomfa Sprayer/Bomba Pangpasuyot Inwawarsl Bomba Panbomba!Spreyer Pambomba Pugsit Pusitsit Uvog/Sebseb/ Spring Ob-fog/Eb-eb Ubbog Burbor/Ladda Bubos/Bubon Eb-eb/Obbog Batis/Bukal Ubbual/Ub-ub/Bubon Ob-ob Teb-teb/Sib-sib Shower/Sibog/ Sprinkler Palasifug Ragadera Isisibug Sibog Sibog Pandilig Lagadjela Punsibug Busitsit Kalabasa!Kalumbas/ Karabasa!Kalubasa! Squash Kalub-as Karabasa Karabasa Kalubasa!Kulbasa Kalabasa Kalbasa Malabaha Kalumbasa Kumbasa Stalk Tadlang Pukel/Dawas Ungkay Lupa Gakkolang Lawas Tangkay Tung-al Adul Star TokwifilTalaw Talaw Bitwen Bittuwan Bitowon Talaw BituinlTala Bitwon Bituwon Star fruit Falimfing Balimbing Daldaligan/Saranati Pias Piyas Piyas Balimbing Djalligan Balimbing Entakchag/ Alakshang/Sang-atl Steep Teppang Napasirda Usgan/Na-osog MatikidlTengngey Matarik Naduplas Matikid At-atakchag Tived Sanga!Singeg/ Dagami/Sangal Stem SangaITadlang Sanga Pungot Tong-a!Lawas Tang kay Sanga Pu-un Bakdang Pu-un Internode Lawas Dawas Baet ti buko Lawat Lawas Buko Bias/Biyas Lawas Buku Tiller Anak/Simit Piki/SemitiDabit Gipi Taringit Anak/SivaiSimit Lipi/Saringit Supang Lipi Haping ArratlArrap/Rappatl Stem cutting Lutod/Sipling Lutod/Ketdo Maputed nga sanga Lusod/Wakal/Puon Lutod Stem cutting Putdjem ay mula Miluhad an mitanom AngtatiGappat Pagsanangan/ Pagpenpenan/ BodegaITaguan/ Bodega!Alang/ Storage house Bodega!Allang BodegaITaduan Kamalig/Abulug/ Bodega!Alang Bodega!Kamarin Alang/Punpunan Kamarin Imbakan Punha-adan Pagippayan Pangetedo/ Store Igtu Idulin Magidulin/Magipani Iyalang/Igappot Ibodega!lgtu/ldulin Pag-iimbak Sagumbi I-alang/lpa-eh Pangetalo 19 ENGLISH BONToe IBAlOI IlOKO ISNAG KAUNGA l KANKANA-EV .1 TAGALOG TINGGUIAN TUWAU
Khadchong/Otong/ String bean Otong/Agod Otong AntaJSaraysay Antak Otong/Batong Sitaw Salayosay Kaw-watlAntak Falatonq PetiklPonoklPike/ Sucker Singi Subwal Asi bagatlPinya SaringitlLipeng Usbong Suplang Haping/Hobwal Dabit Siva Sugarcane Unas Unas/Onas Unas Unat Unas Onas Tubo Unas Unah Sugarcane mill Faliwesan Dapilan/Shapilan Dadapilan Amasian/Dadapilan TalupassilDapilan Baliwesan/Dapil-Ian Gilingan Sibulan Boliwoh/Opalan Sun Akhew Sekit Init MatalSinag Init SegitlAgew Araw Init Potang Kamaelaw/Malapaitl Sunflower Kamulaw/Ak-aklit Marapait Marapait Sabong sinag Malapait Mirasol/Sunflower Sunplower Lam-paw Sanflower Sunny Akhew/Atong MaskitlSiyang NainitlNasernaat Nasinag Amod initlNainit Mansegit Maaraw Nainit Potta-pottang Sumingising nan Awas ni sekitl Lumtaw-matalSir-ag/ Bumalbalay segitl Sunrise Lumgak ti init BiggabiggatIWikwikis Bukang liwayway Sumiim na init Tuwen pumtang akhew ManseskitlSinmekit Suminag Pinmat-a DelsheklSi-daw/ LeneklNalunog nan Nadipus di agew/ Sunset Mankademos e-siketi lIelenek ti init Lumna-matalSumrap Kumlop/Kulop Paglubog ng araw Lumnok init Nahiklop akhew Lumlumnek di agew Edetep ni sekit Ado nga produkto Supply Suplay Suplay Wasi SuplaylTiplag Suplay Suplay Apit Kahapulan nga ilako Kamote/Kamoteng Sweetpotato Tukhi Dukto/Docto Kamote Kamusi Gasselang Tugi/Lukto Katila Lapne/Gat-tok baging Swine/Pig Futog Baboy Baboy Aboy Bulok Busa-ang/Baboy Baboy Bulok Babuy Barrow Kapon Baboy Kapon Nalsitan babagga LakilNaibotowan Kapon Kapong biik Laki/Kapon Kapun Bulog/Manador/ Boar Manador/Bula Bula Pamadakay Maboto Bul-Ia Barakong baboy Manadjol/Mabutu BulaITangbal Unangal Gilt Bumalasang Davas/Kaong Pangganakan Bumalasang aboy Bai Bumalasang Dumalagang baboy Gamayan/Piddal Babain babuy Tagapaganahan Litter Amom-og San-ina Sangkainaan Sin-anakan Anak Mga anak ng baboy Aanakan Imbabalen baboy babagga Migil/Butbutog/ Piglet Ammog Burias Bagbagga Iyas Mokang Kulig/BiiklBulaw Utikllyas Kinkinlum Ut-utik Sow Okor Ka-ong Takong Guhong PainalPid-dal Ka-ong Inahing baboy Pid-dal Pikat Ensus-suso ay Suckling Minuso Agsossoso Sumusu Ansussuso Mansossoso Pasusuhing biik Sumuso on iyas Kinkinlum ammoq Palatandaan/ Symptom Sinyal Sinjal Pagilasinan Paglasinan Maila-an/Sinial Sinyal Sinial/Mangil-an Sinyal Sintomas Tamarind Salamagi SalamagilSalumagi Salamagi Salamagi Salamagi Salamagi Salamagi/Sampalok Sammaagi Salumagi Taro Fakkag AvalAbalPising Aba Siway Lidoy/Aba AbalGamey/Pising Gabi Latod/Aba AbalPihing Mengabang/ Man-ab-abang/ Nangungupahan/ Tenant Makisamsama Makitaltalon Bobonan Tago Makiab-abang Maki-payo Eman-abang Suplay Tenante Bawasan/Kesayan/ Thinning KesayanlTudtuchan PangkisaylTud-tudan Parutan Kassayan/Badutan KaananlTudtudan Bawas punla Pakisangam Kisayan/Kaanan Tudtudan Pantilyar/Pan-ilikl Thresh Eliken Agirik Mahaggl/Magpaspas Taltagan/Erikon ErikenlTalnag PaggigiiklGiikin Man-iliklManaltag Uloton Pan-edik BinulbollTinaltag/ Threshed rice lIik lIiklllek Irik Pagoy/llik Irik Giniik na palay llik Ihidum ... ~QC!~ -- - ~------_.. __._ - __ ------20 ENGLISH BONToe ILOKO
KuloglKalugkogi Thunder Keleb/Khicho Kerol/Kirol Gurro-od AddugiSal-it Kidol Kidu KidjoVKidol Kidol Dagundong Tick Kedpas Angpas UlmoglAmpas Kabang Apngot Kagew Garapata Angpas Ompa Panangisagana ti Tillage Panagsama Pennukay Panagdabba ki lusa Mambaybay Kultibit Bungkal Mankpoya Huple daga ArasholArasho-enl Manglulot! Aladowonl Plow Men alacho Panagarado Man-arado Pag-aararo Man-aradjolAlado Mun·aadu Man-arasho Manglupang Mangalado Mansuyodl Manpa-i1id! Harrowing Sagaden Aray/Saloysoyen Panagpak-ol Magsuyod/Muriski SuyodonlAnsuyod Pagsusuyod Munkawal Mansaloysoy Manlasang PatakdeglPaandol Lengthwise Pa-ancho Pashokey/Ongshos Pa-atiddog PabaliresiPadorut lyonod!lpaunod Pahaba Binisngay Huple Paundos Pabalagbagl Crosswise Finalafag Bakwag Pa-baribar Mapabbag/Pinabbag Pababag Pahalang Inakub Huple Ipabalagbag Panag Iimpia/ Level Isengpa/Chatalen Simpa-en/Dimpiya Magpatanab Lenason/llenas Isengpa Pagpataglpagpantay Panadjom Dotalon Panagpanad Dryland methodl Dryland method Inuma Bangkag Bangkag Magballat!Magunot Bangkag/Uma Bangkag Paraang walang Uma/lyuma Munhabal Ipatubig Wetland method! Wetland method Pinayew Talon/Payew Talon Magpayaw Mapitok/lpayaw Layew Paraang may Imulnak/lpanad Munpayo Ipatubig KanallTambak/ Dike/Levee Faneng Pa-jas/Kolokol Tambak TabonlAlinawang Pigol/Banong Dike/PilapillTagaytay Tambak Banong Baneng Saveshongl Toxic Safichong Makasabidong Makasabidong Pumatoy Makasabidong Lason Makaposol/Pumatoy Pumate Sabishong MengidaholAhentel MangangalakaV Trader Ahente Negosiante Magtagtagilako AnlalakolAhente Ahente/Man-i1aklako Manlaklako Mungina Akinte Negosyante Trading post! Pagbartilyuwan/ Bagsakanl Punhublianl Trading post Bagsakan Bagsakanl Paglakwan Lalakowan Bagsakan Manlaklakowan Paglakuwan Treding pos Punginaan Ponshu-an Papagguyudanl Trail Chalan Shalan Dana Talpad Wanti/Sebang Landas/Daanan Ittok ay kalsadja Dalan Kalipkip/Pakel Man-ulag/lyaton Mantuned/Man-isek/ Lipat-taniml Transplant Mentuned Man-esek Ag-raep Magialit ka mula Manlaop Munbitnat-tan mula/Man-usok Man-imula Pagtatanim Saan nga Kompormel Random/Walang Random Kinampormi Kumpormi Binuransi agmula Balang na Ulay-yonlbalangna Munbinatog nagbinnatog Kinumporme Ipiling pagtatanim Dinaladagl Straight row Esay linya Nandetteg Napartengan BinnatogiNadaladag Diretso/Binatog Tuwid na hanay Ibatog Daw-wa-on Nadaladag agmula Spacingl Pag-aagwat! Fet-ang Distancia Nagbaetan ti mula Naabayat agmula Botta-angiBootan Baet!Etak Lit·taangiBaot Maika Distance Pagdidistansya Guide/marker PartengiMarka Malka/Kosit PartengiMarka Patuldu/Pagpadaw Linya/Kigad Marka/Palteng/Linya Giya/Palatandaan Ugis Pun-adlon Seedling Pachog Semilja/Bonobon Bunobon Mukimo/BukibO/Sibu Bunobon Bunobon/Similya Punla/Pananim Bonobon Tanom/Bunubon Tillering Umanak Pan-dipi Gipi Magtammag/Maggipi Siya/Sumiya Suwi/Pingi Pagsusuwi Gipi Munhaping Alleyway Chalan Shalan Pagnaan Daddalenan Dalan/Ayon Kaang Daan Nahipaton ma-oy Dalan
21 ENGUSH BONTOC
-,_._._...... '_.__._-----_.- Magtagnap/ Replanting MensugotiMenlamot Sunsun Panagsugot Sugotan/Sunsun Sun-odanlSukatan Muling pagtatanim Mansugot Itanum Mahaatap ----_...~.~--,- Bunal/Biyahe/ Transport Ibiyahe Pinangibiyahe Ibiyahe Idalosa/Gimataon Ibiyahe/llugan PaghakotiPagbiyahe Ibiyahi lIugan/lyaldan Bunalen Treatment Akhas AkaslAgas Agas Agas Agas Agas GamotiLunas Agas Aga Trowel Sangkap/Sanggap Sangkap/Chopchop Hand trowel InrurudalSagwa Landok/Suduk Sanggap Dulos Ballita/Suduk Dolu/Hanggap Tuber Fekhas Dames/Damot Bagas Asi Bugas Lames Lamang-ugat Salingit Bagas Turkey Turkey Turkey Pabo Turkey Turkey/Pabo Pabo PabolTurkey Pabo Telki Piyok ay pabo/ Poult Impas Kiyap/Kipkip Ubing a pabo Pipiya turkey Ammalasang Kiyap/lngpas Sisiw na pabo Im-impah an telki Anakdi pabo Tom/Gobbler Kawitan Kawitan Lalaki a pabo Kawitan turkey Kawitan Kawitan Pabong lalaki Kawitan on pabo Kawitan an telki Hen Upa Ufa Babai a pabo Gaggana turkey Mangalak Upa Inahing paba Gaganak on pabo Ubuwan an telki Twig Singi/Sipling Panga/DutinglPating Roting Bibittl sanga LutinglPanga Panga/Pating Sanga Inittok ay sanga Pating
Typhoon Lemlem Puwek Bagyo Bali/ bagyaw Bali/Puwok Puwek Bagyo Bagyo/Bali Puwok Unripe Maata Naata/Aneng/Ma-ata Naata Namata Maata Maata Hilaw Naata Ug-ge nal-uml Maata Naduma-duma nga Nagbabalaki/ Variety Klasi Kilase Kalasi Klase Klase Kalasi Nunhihin-natkon kita Nagsasaballl Warehouse Bodiga Bodega Bodega/Kamalig Amalig Alang Panbodegaan Bodega Alang Alang Wash Uwas Pangoras Panang-buggo Bagguan Ulasan/Balbalan Uwasan Hugas Balbalam UlahanlUI-ullahan Water Chanum Shanom Danum Danum Danum Danum Tubig Djanum Liting TungsoylTonsoy/ Water cress Tongsoy Tongsoy Watercress Tongsoy Tungsoy/Shangtoy Tunsoy Lubnak Tanghoy Tapsoy Waterfall Kin-aw Pajogpog PayogpogITalon Barrong Uto Palogpogan Talon Ayos di danum Guhing Pagpasusop ti Water pump Fumfa Bomba/Water pump Binumba danum Bumba Bomba/Water pamp Bomba ng tubig Panpaisup djanum Bumba danumIWater pump Danumanl Watering Chanuman/Sifugan Sevogan/Shinuman Panagsibog Danuman Padanuman Mansibsibug PagdidiliglNagdidilig Silogam Munhib-hibbog Latang pandilig/ Watering can Palasifug SivoglSibog/Data Pangsibog Insisibug lata Sibog Parasibog Lata ay palasibog Punsibug Baldena pandilia Watermelon Sanja Sandia/San-ja Sandya Asimun nabangog Udal Sanja Pakwan Sandia Sandiya Maisina/Mapsotl Pag-awatiPagwalay/ Wean Pesso Panang isina Magipusing Pusotan/Naposot Pusuten/Napla Ipusing Puhowon Nafokak Pagbitiw Weather Timpo Tempo Kasasaad ti tiempo Tiempo Timpo TempolTiempo PanahonlTiempo Timpo Timpo Weed Lukham EdetiDo-bet Ruot Kadkaddat Bollat Lugam Damo Pudayaw Holok Makadumingo/ Ohan domingo/ Week Domingo/Lawas Domingo/Dawas Lawas Lawas Domingo/Lawas Linggo Domingo/Lawas Makalawas Linggo Weevil Fokfok Bukbok Buk-buk Tutu baggat Bukbuk Bukbok Bukbok Lulok Lukluk Weigh Ikilo/Kiluwen Ikilo/Bel-at Panagkilo/Kiloen Manammat Kilowon Kilo-en KilohinlTimbangin Kilowom Ikilo/Dam-otan Pagkillowan/ Weighing scale Kilowan Kidoan/Kilo-an Pagkiluwan Kilowan Kilo-an Timbangan Pankilwan Kiluwan Timbangan .._'-----_ .._..... 22 __E_NG_U_s_H_-'--_B_o_NT_OC '---_B_AL_OI__-'--_l_o~K_O I_SN_A_G__'---_KA_L_IN_G_A_I KANKANA·EY I TAGALOG nNGGUIAN TUWAU
Weight Kilo/Dagsen Kilo/Bel-at Kadagsen Dammat Kilo/Dam-otlDagson Kilo/Kadagsen Timbang Dagson Kilo/Dam-ot Tabbug adallam/ Well Fufun Deepwell/Asulan Bubon Bubon Sakduan Balon Tampidjaw Bubon Bubon Wheel barrow Kalatilya KarateljalKaramatilja Kamaratilya Pakkahupan Kamatilya SilbadalKaratelya KaretilyalKarmatilya Kalatilya Kamatilya Alinpusapos/ Ipu-ipo/Buhawi/ Alipogpog/ Whirlwind Alipospos/Kalifudfud Alipugpug/Adipospos Alipugpog Alipugpug Ipo-ipo/Alipugpug Alipuhpuh AlipuQPoQ Alimpuyo Alimpupuyog White flowered Tafongaw UposlTabongaw Tabungaw Bakuba Tabungaw UpolTabungaw Upo Tabungao Tabungaw gourd Wholesale Korpi ay ilako Gulpi/Ginulpi/Kinulpi Gulpi Ginulpian Pinakyaw Kontrata Pakyawan Gulpi ay panaglako Gulpi an ngina Laylay/Nalpay/ Manlaylay/Makuyos/ Wilt Maluyluyaw Day-day/Lay-Iay Panaglaylay Maglaylay LantalLuoy Malyaw Nalyo Malyaw May-ayew Dakdak/Dubdub/ Wind Chagem/Chakem Shagem Angin Bali Bidbid Dagem Hangin Dibdib Angin Mashagem/ Windy Nachagem Manshashagem/ Naangin Nabali Imbibidbid/Nabidbid Mandagem Mahangin Nadjobdjob Madibdib Mansheggem Sigadilyas/ Winged bean Pallang Pallang/Bekhan Pallang Pallang Pallang/Ullig Pallang Ullig Bu-ligan Kalamismis Winnow Tap-aniEnta-ep TaaplTaapan Agtaep Sapanllsap Tup-an Manta-eplTap-an Tahip Bagat Ta-oplTopan Winnower Lig-o/Liga-o Penaap/Diga-o/Kiyag Agtataep Igaw Ligaw Liga-o Bilao/Bila-o Igao Liga-o Winnowing sieve Akha-ag Yakayak Gasagasan Yukuyu Akiyak/Yakayak Akiyak Bistay Akiyak Higi BarotlBaddong an Wire Alamli/FalotlKhalot Alambre/Alamshe Barot Barut BarotlBalot BarotlAlambre Alambre Balut Qumok World FatawalLofong Duvong/Dubong Lubong Lubong/Kalawagan Lubong Lubong Daigdig/Mundo Lobong Luta Singkamas/ Singkamas/ Singkamas/ Yam beanlTumip Singkamas Singkamas Singkamas Singkamas Kamas Singkamas Atingkamas Dingkamas Bisl sinQkamas Faangan/Fitling/ Deckshan/Kelparan/ Aldat-tan/ Yard Paraangan Amuwag Paway Baliwang Bakuran/Looban Sangon Buloy Awichan Buhdayan Lita-anQan Year Tawen TavenlTawen Tawen Dagon Tawon Taw-en Taon Tawon Tawon Yellow ginger Laya AgatlLaya Laya Basang ngilalKunig Laya Laya Luyang dilaw Basong/Laya Bongo/Laya Yield ApitlAni/Fekhas AfitlApit Apit ApitlBunga ApitlBunga ApitlAni/Lames Ani/BungalProdukto Apit Ani/BungalBintok Pamatok/Yugo/ Pasangol Pako Pasangol Isiw Sangol Pako/Sangol Sangol Panakul Yoke Singkaw
23 REFERENCES
Ahuja, B.N. 1994. Academic's Dictionary of Management. Academic (India) Publishers. Rajendra Nagar, New Delhi.
CECAP and PhilRice. 2000. Highland Rice Production in the Philippine Cordillera. Central Cordillera Agricultural Programme (CECAP), Banaue, Ifugao and Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice), Maligaya, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
Collins Dictionary of the English Language. 1979. William Collins, Sons & Co. Ltd. Glasgow G4 ONB.
Gomez, E.D. and A.T. Austria.1994. Glossary of Technical Terms in Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Rural Development. Agriculture Part 2. Institute of Development Communication-College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.
Herren, R.V. and R.L. Donahue.1991. The Agriculture Dictionary. Delmar Publishers Inc. Albany, New York.
Lewis, R.A. 2002.CRC Dictionary of Agricultural Sciences. CRC Press LLC. Roca Raton, Florida, USA.
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. 1996. 10th Ed. Merriam Webster, Inc. Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.
Panganiban, J.V. 1973. DIKSYUNARYO-TESAURO. PILIPINO-INGLES. Manlapaz Publishing Co. Quezon City, Philippines.
The University of the Philippines at Los Banos College of Agiculture.1983. Rice Production Manual of the Philippines. College, Laguna, Philippines.
25 Appendices
A. Definition of English Agricultural Terms
5. Validation Workshop F articipants with Fhotos TERM DEFINITION
Blight Disease symptoms, parasite, fungi, bacteria, viruses, or unfavorable atmospheric conditions, which cause the withering and death of a plant Bolo A large single-edged knife Borrow To obtain or receive (something like money) on loan for temporary use, intending to give it or something equivalent or identical back to the lender Boundary Something that indicates the farthest limits; as of an area; border Branch A lateral stem arising from the main stem of a plant, bough or limb Branding/Brand (1 )The act of affixing a name or design or some words or letters to the product for distinction (2) A mark of identification burned into the skin of cattle, horses, or carabaos Breed (1) Animals having common origin and distinguishing characteristics (2) To improve, through control, characteristics in plants and animals Breeder (1) Aspecialist in breeding (2) An animal used for breeding Breeze Agentle or light wind Bridge Astructure that spans and provides a passage over a road, railway, river, or some other obstacles Bud A protuberance containing miniature leaves or flowers, located terminally or laterally on a stem Bug Any insect, specifically of the order Hemiptera Bulb The subterranean bud of some plants, which has a short stem bearing overlapping membrane-like leaf bases, as in onions and tulips Bundle A group of things fastened together for convenient handling Butterfly Any diurnal insect with a slender body and clubbed antennae and typically rests with the wings (often brightly colored) closed over the back Buy (1)To acquire by paying or promising to pay a sum of money or the equivalent (2) Purchase Buyer (1) Aperson who buys (2) Purchaser (3) Customer Cage Astructure for confining birds or animals, enclosed on at least one side by a grating of wires or bars that let in air and light Canal An artificial water course cut through a land area for navigation, irrigation, or drainage Carabao A member of the cattle tribe of swampy regions of Southeast Asia, having widely spreading back-curving horns; domesticated forms are used as draught animals Carabull An uncastrated male carabao Caracalf Mature female carabao Caracow More than 3-months old but sexually immature Cart (1) A heavy open vehicle, usually having two wheels and drawn by horses, used in faring and to transport goods (2) Any small vehicle drawn or pushed by hand Cassava A shrubby tropical American plant (Manihot esculenta) widely grown for its large, tuberous, and starchy roots Castration/Castrate To remove the testicles or to destroy their use Caterpillar The worm-like larva of a butterfly, moth, or other insects Cattle Collectively mature bovine animals; calves and yearlings may sometimes be included in a broad sense, the term may also include all domesticated quadrupeds Bull (1) An uncastrated male bovine (2) Amarket term for male bovine at sexual maturity Calf The young of certain large mammals, of the bovine animals, specifically those more than three months old but sexually immature Cow The mature female bovine, a market term for designating a female bovine which has produced a calf Heifer The young female of the cattle species; usually applies to the female that has not yet given birth Horned Designating an animal with horns Hornless Designating a well-defined, polled condition of certain breeds of cattle such as the Angus and Red Polled
29 TERM
Stag In animals, a male castrated after reaching sexual maturity Steer A male bovine animal castrated before reaching puberty Charcoal A black, porous, carbonaceous substance, obtained by the partial burning of an animal or vegetable substance in the absence of air; a common fuel; it is also a mild antiseptic and deodorant Chicken Gallus domesticus, family Phasianidae; the domestic fowl, whose ancestry while obscured by antiquity, is attributed to Gallus gallus and other species of jungle fowl of India and the Malay Peninsula; the chicken is one of the most widely distributed and most commonly kept of all farm animals Chick Ayoung chicken Cock The adult male fowl; also called rooster or stag Cockerel A male chicken less than a year old Hen Afemale fowl; specifically the female domesticated fowl valued for its egg production Pullet An immature female chicken Rooster Male chicken; cock; cockerel (less than a year old) Chicken coop Afarm building for housing poultry Chicken dung Chicken manure or excrete that fertilizes land Clay Denoting particles, regardless of mineral composition, with diameter less than 2 microns (agriculture) or 4 microns (geology) Clayey Containing large amounts of clay or having properties similar to those of clay Climate The sum total of all atmospheric or meteorological influences, principally temperature, moisture, wind, pressure, and evaporation, which combine to characterize a region and give it individuality by influencing the nature of its land forms, soils, vegetation, and land use Cloud Dense, visible concentrations of suspended water droplets of ice crystals ranging in diameter from 20 to 50um Cloudy Covered with clouds Cold weather Low temperature Collateral Security for debt given by someone other than the debtor; an extra security for a debt given by a debtor in addition to a major security that in some circumstances might be considered sufficient; a security for a debt that consists of rights over property, as opposed to personal guarantee Compost (1) Organic residues such as peat, manure, or discarded plant materials or soil placed in a pit or enclosure, moistened, and allowed to become decomposed (2) To cause vegetable matter to become decomposed as a fertilizer Consign The handling over of an item for sale to a second party while retaining ownership in it Consumer A person who purchases goods and services for his own personal needs Contour Afixed level of elevation across a slope Cooperation A Filipino value where people in a community help one another like in planting rice or in physically moving a residential house to a different place; "Bayanihan" Corn Any of numerous cultivated forms of a widely grown, usually tall annual cereal grass (Zea mays) bearing grains or kernels on large ears; the grains or kernels of this plant used as food for humans and livestock or for the extraction of an edible oil or starch; also called Indian corn, maize Corn husk Outer covering of a corn Corn kernel The edible seed Corn tassel Aterminal male inflorescence Creek A small stream or river Cricket A large family of leaping insects, of the family Gryllidae, some of which are nocturnal and known for their chirping Crop Any product of the soil; in a narrow sense, the product of a harvest obtained by labor, as distinguished from natural production or wild growth Crop rotation Growing annual plants in a different location in a systematic sequence; this helps control insects and diseases, improves the soil structure and productivity, and decreases erosion
30 TEAM DEFINmON
Crowbar A heavy iron lever with one pointed end and one forged into a wedge shape Cucumber Atendril-bearing, climbing, or sprawling annual plant (Cucumis sativus) widely cultivated for its edible cylindrical fruit that has a green rind and crisp white flesh Cultivate To till and prepare (land or soil) for the growth of crops Curling Any of the various plant disease characterized by curling of the leaves Cutworm The larval stage of moths of the family noctuidae, which are soft skinned caterpillars up to 1 Y2 inch long Damping-off Any of the several fungal diseases which attack and cause rotting of seedlings and cuttings Dawn Daybreak, sunrise DaylDaylight The period from sunrise to sunset; day as opposed to night Decay (1) The decomposition of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria or fungi in which the products are completely oxidized (2) Any chemical or physical process which causes deterioration or disintegration Deficiency An insufficiency in reference to amount, volume, proportion, etc.; a lack; a state of incompleteness Dehydrate The removal of 95% or more of the water from any substance by exposure to high temperature Demand (1) An urgent or peremptory requirement or request (2) Willingness and ability to purchase goods and services (3) The amount or commodity that consumers are willing to purchase at a specified price Depth Deepness Dew The condensed, atmospheric moisture which has collected, usually at night, on plants, soil, rocks, and other surfaces which have cooled below the condensation point of the moisture in the atmosphere; in humid areas, the amount of water contributed by dew may be as much as 5 in (13 cm) a year; the amount is also important for plant growth in semi-arid or arid regions De-worm Getting rid of worms DiglDigging To turn up the earth Dike A ridge of earth thrown up to impound water, as in irrigation or to divert water, as in soil erosion control Dilute To make more liquid by mixing with water, alcohol, etc. Dip To plunge briefly into a liquid, as in order to wet, coat, or saturate Direct seeding Planting seeds as opposed to setting out started plants Pre-germinated seed The radicle/plummule emerged from the seed Lodging The falling down of rice plants in the field due to wind, rain, flooding, pest damage, or because the stems are too tall or too weak to stand erect during the grain-filling stage, usually causing yield loss Broadcast A method of planting in which the seeds are uniformly distributed over the entire surface area Saturated field (1) Afield totally wet, filled voids between soil particles with a liquid (2) Filled completely or loaded to capacity Discolored Stained; altered or changed color specially for the worse Disease Any deviation from a normal state of health in plants and animals which temporarily impairs vital functions; it may be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, poor nutrition, congenital or inherent deficiencies, or unfavorable environment DisperselDistribute The actual transfer or movement of organisms from one place to another; it does not constitute migration, but is a necessary antecedent to it Ditch An artificial excavation, as a trench or channel dug to carry irrigation or drainage water Dominant In genetics, designating one of any pair of opposite Mendelian characters which dominates the other, when both are present in the germ- plasm, and appear in the resultant organism Dragonfly Any predatory insect having a large head and eyes, a long slender body and two pairs of iridescent wings outspread at rest Drainage The area from which waters are drained; a drainage basin Drip To fall in drops Drizzle Very light rain specifically consisting of droplets less than 0.5 mm in diameter
31 TERM
Drought A long period of abnormally low rainfall, especially one that adversely affects growing or living conditions Drum Cylindrical container Dry Having all the water or liquid drained away, evaporated, or exhausted "Above stove" Drying rice grains, either threshed or bundled, above the cooking stove to further remove excess moisture Air-dry To dry or dehumidify by means of natural air movement Hang-dry To fasten to some elevated point without support from below Sun-dry Drying or preserving by exposure to the sun Dry rot Any of the many types of decay, but specially of that which, when in an advanced stage, permits timber to be easily crushed to a dry powder Dry season Having little or no rainfall Duck A bird, family Anatidae, specially the domesticated ducks raised for meat Drake A mature male duck Hen The female duck Duckling Ayoung duck which still has downy plumage Dusk Twilight or the darker part of twilight Dust Fine, dry particles of earth, or other matter, so attenuated that they may be wafted by the wind Earthquake A sudden motion or trembling in the earth caused by the abrupt release of slowly accumulated strain (by faulting or by volcanic activity) Earthworm Any of the several species of the genus Lumbricus, family Lumbricidae, commonly, represented in the fauna of surface soils, specially in the humid regions; generally regarded as beneficial because some improve the structure and fertility of the soil; however they may do minor damage by eating plants Egg A hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird, reptile, or other animal species Egg nest A place or structure in which birds, insects, reptiles, mice, etc., lays or give birth to youngs Eggplant An Indian plant (Solanum melongena var. esculenta) cultivated for its large edible, ovoid, glossy, usually purple-skinned fruit Erosion Group of processes whereby earth or rock material is worn away, loosened, or dissolved and removed from any part of the earth surface External parts of ruminants Back The posterior part extending from the neck to the pelvis Belly The abdomen of an animal Ham A cut of pork which consists of the hind quarters of a swine from the hock to the hip, including the thigh and buttock Head The part of the body which includes the face, ears, brain, etc. Hoof The hard, horny, outer covering of the feet of horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and swines Horn A natural bonelike growth or projection on each side of the head of most breeds of cattle, sheep, and goats which is a natural weapon of defense Loin (1) The part of the body of animals on each side of the backbone that lies between the floating ribs and hipbone (2) A wholesale or retail cut of meat which comes from the loin of carcass Navel A depression in the middle of the abdomen that marks the point of former attachment of the umbilical cord or yolk stalk Neck The connecting link between the head and the body Penis The male organ Rectum The terminal or lower part of the intestine which ends at the anus Rump The part of the rear end of an animal, which includes the buttocks or fleshy part of the rear quarters Shoulder The upper part of the forelimb and/or the adjacent part of the back Side (1) In the body of an animal, either of the lateral surfaces or parts extending from the shoulder to the hips (2) An entire lateral half of a beef, veal, or pork carcass split lengthwise through the backbone and the corresponding mid-undersurface 32 TERM DEFlNlnON
Snout/Muzzle (1) The projecting part of an animal's head that contains the nose and jaws, as the snout of a hog (2) An anterior elongation of the head Tail The posterior part of the vertebral column of animals; it is usually covered with hair, some of which may be quite long Teat The fleshy protuberance through which milk is drawn from the udder of a mammal Testicles Male sex organs which produce sperm after sexual maturity Vulva The external genital organs of the female; the opening to the vagina Farm Atract of land cultivated for the purpose of agricultural production Farm house A house in the farm Farm manure The excrement from all or certain farm animals, including litter or bedding materials like straw Feather The epidermal structure partly embedded in follicles of the skin of birds Feed trough An open receptacle for animal feed Feeding Providing animals with the desirable quantity and quality of feeds; making feeds available to animals Feeds (commercial Harvested forage, such as hay, silage, fodder, grain, or forage processed feeds for livestock or concocted) Fence A hedge or barrier of wood, metal, stone, or plants erected to enclose an area to prevent trespassing or the straying of animals Fire One of the results of combustion Flat A level, treeless prairie, specially between hills or mountains Flea Certain active, leaping insects of the family Pulicidae, which feed upon the blood of warm-blooded animals Flock Several birds or domestic mammals, like sheep which are tended as a unit; also called herd; band Flood The rising and overflowing water from natural or human causes into fields, farms, cities, etc. Flood irrigation A system of irrigation consisting of adding water at the highest point in afield and allowing the water to cover the soil Flour The fine-ground product obtained in the commercial milling of wheat, which consists essentially of the starch and gluten of the endosperm; it is used for baking Flower/Fruit The matured ovary of a flower and its contents including any external parts which is an integral portion of it; in a popular sense, the fleshy ripened ovary of a woody plant, tree, shrub, or vine, used as a cooked or raw food Fog Almost microscopically small water drops suspended in air that reduce horizontal visibility to less than a mile Foggy Thick with fog Food Material usually of plant or animal origin, that contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals, and is ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life Footbridge A narrow bridge for the use of pedestrians Forage rack Aframework for holding hay or fodder Forest A dense growth of trees, plants, and underbrush covering a large area Fruitfly Any small dipterous fly which feeds on and lay eggs in plant tissues Fuelwood Wood products harvested for use as a fuel Full moon The instant when the moon is directly opposite the sun, and therefore fully illuminated, appearing as a bright circular disc Fungicide Apesticide chemical used to control plant diseases caused by fungi like molds and mildew Fungus A lower order of plant organism, which contains no chlorophyll, no vascular system, and is not differentiated into roots, stems, or leaves Furrow The opening left in the soil after the furrow slices have been turned by the turning plow Garden A plot of ground, usually less than an acre, devoted to the growing of vegetables, flowers, herbs, fruits, etc. Garden pea The flattened cylindric inflated multi-seeded fruit of the common pea plant Garlic An onion-like plant (Allium sativum) of Southern Europe having a bulb that breaks up into separable cloves with a strong distinctive odor and flavor Germ In reference to animal disease, a small organism, microbe, or bacterium that can cause disease • 33 TERM DERNITION
Germinate To cause seeds or spores to sprout or form new tissue following increased metabolism Ginger A plant (Zingiber officina/e) of tropical Southeast Asia having yellowish-green flowers and a pungent aromatic rhizome; the rhizome of this plant is often dried and powdered and used as a spice; also called gingerroot Goat Any horned ruminant of the genus Capra, family Bovidae, especially the domestic goat, C. hircus, which is bred as a source of milk, meat, and wool or hair Buck An adult male goat Doe An adult female goat Kid Ayoung goat Goose Any large, web-footed bird (intermediate in size between swans and ducks) of the sub-family Anserinae (family Anatidae) including the genus Anserdomestic goose, Anser domesticus, includes a number of breeds kept for their flesh and feathers Gander A mature male goose Hen A mature female goose Gooseling A young goose Grade/Sort To classify products, animals, etc. into grades Grain A seed of cereal crops Granary A storehouse, especially for threshed or husked grain GrassIWeed Narrow-leaved green herbage; grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay Grasshopper Any insect of the order Orthoptera, family Acididae; species have long legs for jumping and may be voracious feeders of many kinds of foliage Graze To consume any kind of standing vegetation, as by domestic livestock or wild animals Greenhouse A building with glass or plastic walls and roof for the cultivation and exhibition of plants under controlled condition Grow To live and to increase in stature and girth toward maturity Grub hoe Atool with a flat blade attached to a long handle approximately at a right angle; used for weeding, cultivating, and gardening Guava Atropical tree grown for its edible fruit with yellow skin and pink pulp used to make jellies and jams Hailstorm Precipitation in the form of hard pellets of ice, called hailstones, which often fall from cumulo-nimbus clouds with accompanying thunderstorms Half moon The moon at first or last quarter Harness The straps, bands, collars, lines, and attachments necessary to equip a draft animal like a horse to pull or move a load Harrow A farm implement used to level the ground and crush clods, to stir the soil, and prevent and destroy weeds Harvest To cut, reap, pick, or gather any crop or product of value, as grain, fruit, or vegetables Harvest season The time of the year when the mature crop is gathered Harvesting The act of reaping, picking, or gathering of any crop using a handfold knife or a sickle Hatch To bring forth young from the egg by natural or artificial incubation Hay Any leafy plant material, usually clover, fine-stemmed grasses and sedges, alfalfa, and other legumes cut and dried principally for livestock feeding Hedge Fence or barrier formed by bushes, shrubs, or small trees growing close together in a line, sometimes with interwoven branches used as a screen Herbicide Chemicals used to kill plants; used in contact with seed, stem, or leaf of a plant Herd A group of animals (specially cattle, horses, swine) collectively considered as a unit in farming or grazing practice Hilling-up The act of drawing soil around the roots or bases of a plant Hillside A part of a hill between the top and the foot Horse A quadruped of very ancient domestication used as a beast of burden, a draft animal, and a pleasure animal for riding, and in some areas, as a meat animal Colt Ayoung male horse, ass, or mule under four years of age Filly Ayoung immature female horse
34 TERM DEFlNlnON
Foal The un-weaned young of the horse or mule Mare A mature female horse Stallion A male horse used for breeding purposes Hot pepper The pungent fruit of any of several varieties of Capsicum annuum or C. frutescens Hot weather A period of unusually high temperature Housefly Any winged insect, such as a moth, bee, gnat, etc. specifically a two-winged insect of the family Muscidae Immune/lmmunity Having resistance to the action of something, like a disease; it may be inborn, may result from exposure to a disease, or from having received an injection of immune serum Insect An air breathing animal which has a distinct head, thorax, and abdomen with one pair of antennae on the head, three pairs of legs, and usually two pairs of wings on the thorax Insecticide A substance that kills insects by chemical action, as a stomach poison, contact poison, or fumigant Irrigated Designating land or crops which have received water from other sources as well as from natural precipitation Irrigation Artificial application of water to soil to increase production Water depth A measurement from the surface of the water to the bottom Continuous This keeps the paddy fields in submerged conditions (flooded) from transplanting up to about two weeks before harvest, when farmers terminally drain their fields Flooding The temporary covering of soil with water from overflowing streams, run off from adjacent slopes, and tides Rainfed Applies mostly to non-irrigated semi-arid areas where short season, drought resistant crops are grown on fertile soil to make most efficient use of scarce soil Drought A period of insufficient rainfall for normal plant to grow; it begins when soil moisture is diminished that vegetation roots cannot absorb enough water to replace the loss by transpiration Jackfruit Atropical Asian tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus) having large edible fruits, unisexual flowers, and fine-grained durable wood Jar Awide-mouthed container that is usually cylindrical, made by glass or earthenware, and without handles Java plum Atree or a shrub with globular oval smooth-skinned and dark reddish purple edible fruits shaped with oblong seeds Knife Acutting instrument consisting of a sharp-edged often-pointed blade of metal fitted into a handle or to a machine Lactation The period of milk secretion that usually begins at parturition and ends when offsprings are weaned Ladder Portable framework of wood, metal, or rope in the form of two long parallel members connected by several parallel steps fixed to them at right angles for climbing up and going down Lake Any standing body of inland water Land The solid ground of the earth; a topographically or functionally distinct tract Land owner A person who owns land Landless Afarmer who tills land but not owning it Larva The immature insect hatching from the egg; first instar of mites and ticks Laying/Lay To bring forth or produce and deposit (an egg) Leaf A flattened outgrowth from a plant stem, varied in size and shape, usually green, which is concerned primarily with the manufacture of carbohydrates called photosynthesis Leaf curl Plant disease characterized by curling of the leaves Leaf spot Any of the various plant diseases, usually caused by fungi; characterized by dark lesions on the leaves Leafminer An insect which lives in the seeds upon the leaf cells between the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf Leech Segmented worms, flat from top to bottom, with terminal suckers used for attachments and locomotion; various species may be parasites, predators or scavengers; most are aquatic 35 TERM
Leek An edible plant (Allium porrum) related to the onion and having a white, slender bulb and flat, dark-green leaves Lemon A spiny, Asian evergreen tree (Citrus limon) widely cultivated for its yellow, egg-shaped fruit with a yellow aromatic rind and juicy, acid pulp Lice Small, non-flying biting or sucking insects that are true parasites of humans, animals, and birds Light The form of radiant energy consisting of wave lengths lying within the limits perceptible by the normal human eyes, and by extension, the shorter and longer wavelengths, the ultraviolet and the infrared light, invisible to the eye but which may be recorded photographically Lightning Luminous electric discharges usually associated with thunderstorms, but also occurring in volcanic clouds and snowstorms Lima bean Any of several varieties of a tropical American plant (Phaseolus limensis) having flat pods containing large, light green, edible seeds Liming The application of lime to land, primarily to reduce the soil acidity, reduce toxic aluminum, and supply calcium for plant growth Load To put (something) into or onto a structure or conveyance Loading platform Astructure usually built along the road to facilitate loading of commodities Locust Any of several species of migratory grasshoppers; this pest can have devastating effects on crops in many places in the world Log An unhewn, sawed, or cut length of a trunk or large limb of atree Looper Certain caterpillars of the family Geometridae; some species can have a looping motion when crawling Loss (1) Amount loss (2) The amount by which the cost of business transaction or operation exceeds the revenue Manure Excreta of animals, dung, and urine (usually with some bedding), used to fertilize land Market A place where goods and commodities are offered for sale or exchange Mate To pair birds or animals for breeding Mature Fully developed or differentiated Meat The edible flesh of an animal Beef Meat of cow Carabeef Meat of carabao Chevon Meat of goat Mutton Meat of sheep Pork Meat of swine Melon A tropical Asian evergreen tree (Mangifera indica) cultivated for its edible fruit; the ovoid fruit of this tree, has a smooth rind, sweet juicy flesh, and a flat one seeded stone; it is eaten ripe or pickled when green Meteorite A solid extraterrestrial body that regularly enters the earth's atmosphere and appears in the sky as shooting star Milk (1) The natural, whitish or cream-colored liquid discharged by the mammary glands of mammals; unless otherwise stated, milk usually means cows' milk (2) the juices or fluids secreted by certain plants, as the milk of the coconut or the milk of the immature kernels of corn Mite Arachnids; very small spiders belonging to the order Acarina; this parasite constitutes a very large group living in all parts of the world as pest on both plants and animals Mold Fungus distinguished by the formation of mycelium, or by spore masses, usually saprophytes; various kinds may do serious damage to fruits, hay, grain, growing crops, and ornamental plants Moldy Infested by molds (fungi); designating objectionable quality due to appearance or odor, flavor, and toxicity Mongo An Asian plant (Vigna radiata) in the pea family, widely cultivated for its edible seeds and pods; a chief source of bean sprouts Monsoon rain A wind that blows fairly steadily along the Pacific Asiatic Coast; in winter, it blows from the northeast and is dry, but in summer, it blows from the southwest and brings rain; rainy season Month One of the 12 divisions of the calendar year, normally a period of 4 weeks or of 30 days Moon The natural satellite of a planet 36 TERM DEFINITION
Morning The first part of the day, ending at or around noon Mortar Astrong vessel in which material is pounded or rubbed with a pestle Mosaic Viral disease that damages or kills plants, often giving the foliage a mottled appearance Mosquito An insect belonging to the family Culicidae; the proboscis of the female with a needle-sharp tube that pierces the skin of people or animals to suck blood Moss A flowerless plant intermediate in character between algae and ferns; mosses of the Tundra have a grazing value as ornamental plants and have a commercial value for packing and rooting plants Mound In tillage, to head up or ridge the soil about a plant or row of plants Mountainous Containing many mountains Mud Fine-textured soil so saturated with water as to be semi fluid or in a sticky, plastic condition Mulch Any material that conserves water and controls weeds among others Mushroom Any of various fleshy fungi. of the class Basidiomycota, characteristically having an umbrella-shaped cap borne on a stalk; any of the edible kinds, as those of the genus Agaricus Nest A place or structure in which birds, insects, reptiles, mice, etc" lay or give birth to young Net farm income Revenue and gains minus expenses and losses NighttimelNight The time from sunset to sunrise; night as distinct from day Node A place upon a stem which normally bears a leaf or leaves; the solid constriction in the culm of a grass; a knoblike enlargement Nursery Any place where plants, shrubs, and trees are grown either for transplanting or as grafting stocks Onion bulb The rounded edible bulb of onions consisting of concentric layers of white succulent leaf bases with a pungent odor and taste Orange Any of several Southeast Asian evergreen trees of the genus Citrus, widely cultivated in warm regions and having fragrant white flowers and round fruit with a yellowish or reddish rind and a sectioned, pulpy interior, especially C. sinensis, the sweet orange, and C. aurantium, the Seville or sour orange Over-ripe (1) Over-mature or decayed to the degree that it is inedible or unmarketable (2) Too ripe for canning or shipping or for table use Pail A bucket, one made of wood or metal Partnership (1) A legal relationship of individuals who contracted to place money, effects, and labor in commerce or business with a proportional sharing of profits and losses (2) An unincorporated business organization consisting of two or more partners Pasture (1) A fenced or unfenced tract of land on which farm animals feed by grazing (2) To place livestock on afield or area of grass to harvest the crop by grazing Pasture land Land producing forage plants principally for animal consumption Pathway A narrow, trodden track Pay To discharge a debt or obligation by giving or doing something Payment The sum of money paid Pepper (bell/green) Any herb, shrub, woody vine, or tree of the genus Piper, family Piperaceae Pest An insect, animal, or plant that causes injury, loss, or irritation to a crop, stored goods, an animal, or people Pesticide Asubstance used to control insect, plant, or animal pests such as insecticides, herbicides, nematocides, and rodenticides Pestle A club-shaped implement for pounding or grinding materials in a mortar Pick Tool with a handle carrying a long steel rod curved and tapering to a point at one or both ends, used for loosening soil and breaking rocks Pig pen Pigsty; pen for pigs Plggery Place where pigs are reared Pine cone The seed-producing cone of a pine tree Pineapple A tropical monocotyledonous plant (Ananas comosus of the family Bromeliaceae, the pineapple family) that has rigid spiny-margined recurved leaves and a short stalk with a dense oblong head of small abortive flowers, the multiple fruit of the pineapple that consists of the succulent fleshy inflorescence and whose juice is the source of the proteolytic enzyme bromelain
37 TERM DERNITION
Planting Putting seeds or young plants in the ground to grow Plot In agricultural research, a small parcel of land, usually rectangular and of definite size, used in comparing yields of crop varieties, testing different applications of fertilizers, comparing methods of tillage, etc. Plow/Plough An implement of various types, used to cut, break, or turn a soil layer in preparation for planting, seeding, or other agricultural practices Pomelo A tropical Southeast Asian tree (Citrus maxima) closely related to the grapefruit and having very large round fruit with thick rinds and coarse-grained pulp Poor Lacking financial or other means of subsistence; needy Poultry house A building equipped and used for housing and handling poultry Pregnant The condition of a female animal having a living fetus in the uterus which occurs after the ovum has been fertilized by the male sperm cell Preserve Preparing foods by cooking with some preservatives so as to reduce fermentation or decomposition Price A fee charged for something Producer A person or thing that produces some goods or commodities Product Something produced by effort Profit The financial returns from a business enterprise or any transaction above all costs, including both actual receipts and actual or estimated appreciation of the capital involved Pruning Removing branches or twigs to control the size or shape of a plant, fruiting, or removing dead or broken branches to strengthen or improve appearance of a plant Rain Precipitation in the form of water condensed from the atmosphere which falls in drops Rainbow A bow-shaped display in the sky of the colors of the spectrum, caused by the refraction and reflection of the sun rays through the rain or mist Rainfall The amount of precipitation, expressed in the form of water but including snow, sleet, and hail which falls in a given time Rainwater Water that falls from the atmosphere in the form of rain, at times being caught and directed into cisterns for future use Rainy season The season of heavy rainfall Rake Hand implement consisting of a row of teeth set in a head piece attached to a long shaft and used for gathering hay leaves, straw etc., or for smoothing loose earth Rat A long-tailed rodent much larger than a mouse; a serious pest, it is very destructive to stored food and may carry disease Rattan Any of the climbing palms of the genus calamus, having tough stems used for wickerwork and canes Ravine Asharply cut natural depression, v-shaped in transverse profile, usually without a permanent stream in its bottom Reaper A machine used for reaping Residential house Building used as a dwelling; house Residue A deposit of a pesticide which persists on an exterior surface or which is absorbed by plant or animal tissue following treatment Retail The sale of goods individually or in small quantities to consumers Rice A hulled, whitened grain of palay transformed into a form suitable as human food Newly cooked rice Very recently cooked rice Left-over cooked rice Unused or unconsumed cooked rice Improperly cooked Not properly cooked; not well cooked Rice bird Any bird frequenting rice fields Rice bran A livestock feedstuff consisting of the pericarp or bran layer of the rice and only such quantity of hull fragments as is unavoidable in the regular milling of rice Rice bug Reported as the most damaging species of bugs attacking the crops in the Philippines Rice mill A structure used to dehull and whiten rice Rice straw The straw remaining after threshing rice; if well cured, it may be fed in the same manner as straw from the other cereals
38 TERM DEFINITION
Rice Varieties The quality or condition of being diversified or various High yielding Rice varieties developed through a breeding program that posses desirable agronomic characteristics, resistance to insects and diseases, and tolerance to environmental stresses Commercial Being of an average or inferior quality Glutinous Refers to waxy rice with only 0-2% amylose or mainly amylopectin in its endosperm and pollen starch; raw glutinous endosperm is opaque and becomes moist, sticky, and glossy when cooked Aromatic Relating to, or having aroma; having a strong smell Rice wine Wine made of rice Rich Wealthy Rind (1) Skin of a fruit or vegetable (2) Bark of a tree Ripening phase Period from flowering to maturity Riprap Broken rock, cobbles, or boulders placed on earth surfaces such as the face of a dam or the bank of a stream, for protection against the action of water (waves); also applied to brush or pole mattresses or brush and stone, or other similar materials used for soil erosion control Ripe (1) Designating mature seeds which are fit for germination (2) Designating fruit which has attained full development River A stream of water bearing the waste of the land from higher to lower ground, and as a rule, to the sea Road An open way, usually surfaced with tarmac or concrete, providing passage from one place to another Rock Any consolidated and relatively hard naturally formed mass of mineral matter; stone Root The lower portion of a plant bearing neither leaves nor reproductive organs which mostly develops underground and anchors the plant in the soil Row The line along which crops are arranged Runner/Sprout A lateral, aboveground shoot of certain plants; e.g., strawberries Rust Fungi which are obligate parasites on the higher classes of plants not capable of growth and development apart from their living hosts Sack A bag, usually large, oblong and made of burlap or other stout fabric, used for holding grains, vegetables, etc. Sand Any of the small, loose, granular fragments which are the remains of disintegrated rocks Sandy Containing a large amount of sand Sap The juice or fluid constituent of a plant, specially a woody plant Sawdust Dust and small particles of wood produced by the cutting action of saws; a by-product of the lumber and wood industries Scab Any of the numerous fungal or bacterial diseases of plants characterized by dark or rough, scab-like spots Scythe An implement used for mowing and composed of a long curving blade fastened at an angle to a long handle Seed The embryo of a plant, also kernels of corn, wheat etc., which botanically are seed-like fruits as they include the ovary wall Seedbed The upper portion of the soil prepared by natural or artificial means to receive seed and to promote germination and growth Seeding The act of sowing seeds Seedling (1) The early growth stage of a plant grown from seed as it emerges above the ground surface (2) In forestry, a tree which has not been transplanted (3) Atree which has not yet reached a height of 3 ft (4) In horticulture, a fruit tree grown from seed which has not been budded or grafted Sell To dispose or to transfer to a purchaser in exchange for money Seller The person who sells Share To apportion and take shares of something Sharpening stone A stone used to sharpen cutting materials Sheep Any of the various variety of cud-chewing mammals, genus Ovis, which includes many breeds domesticated for their heavy wool, edible flesh, or skin Shoot (1) Astem of a plant, including the leaves (2) Ayoung stem arising from or near the crown of the plant (3) A new leafy growth developed from a bud; sprout Shrink The process of reducing in dimension, weight, or volume 39 • TEAM DEFINITION
Sickle A sharp, curved metal blade fitted with a short handle, used for cutting weeds, grass, etc. Sign Something that suggests the presence or existence of a fact, condition, or quality Sky The apparently dome-shaped expanse extending upwards from the horizon characterized by blue or gray during the day, red in the evening, and black in the night Slash and Burn Swidden; a temporary agricultural plot produced by cutting back and burning off the vegetative cover Slaughter (1) The butchering of cattle, sheep and other animals for food (2) To kill cattle, sheep, and other livestock for food Bleeding The process of removing the blood from an animal during slaughter Blood The fluid that carries nourishment and oxygen to all parts of the body and carries away waste products Dehairing The process of removing the hair from an animal during slaughter Entrail The visceral organ of the body, particularly the intestines Scalding To dip in hot water or to pour on hot liquid, as to scald a killed bird to loosen feathers Singeing To expose to flame to remove bristles or hair Sled Avehicle mounted on runners, drawn by horses or dogs, for transporting goods Smoke A suspension or fine solid particles in the air; it is usually produced by the incomplete combustion of a fuel Smoking A processing technique; form of preservation Snail An organism that typically possesses a coiled shell and crawls on a single muscular foot Snake Any of the limbless vertebrates of the order Serpentes; although a few species are poisonous, most snakes are beneficial to humans by the number of rodents they consume Soak To permeate so as to wet, soften, or fill Soil The mineral and organic surface of the earth capable of supporting upland plants; it has been formed by the active factors of climate and biosphere exerting their influence on passive parent material and topography over neutral time Soil bed A small plot of soil used for growing seedlings, vegetables, flowers and shrubs, and often raised above the level of the surrounding soil Sour soup A small, west Indian tree having large spiny fruit with a tart edible pulp Spade A long, flat, sharp-bladed, earth excavating hand tool made in several shapes used to turn over, excavate, and loosen soil in small areas Spider Any of various Arachnids in the order Araneida; individuals have eight legs and only two main body divisions Spillway Agrassed waterway, channel, or structure to convey water from the stream above the reservoir into the stream below the dam Spot A small mark on a surface Sprayer A device or mechanism by means of which a solution or suspension of a material in liquid is broken up into droplets of a predetermined size range and distributed by hydraulics, by air blast, by gravity from an airplane, or by a combination of the above Spring Natural flow of water from the ground Sprinkler Adevice for spraying water on plants or lawn; a sprinkling unit to a pipe or hose Squash The fruit of certain various tender, vine-like, annual plants of the genus CUGurbita used as a vegetable Stalk Petiole, peduncle, pedicel, filament, or stripe Star Any of the vast number of celestial objects that are visible in the clear night sky as points of light Star fruit Acarambola; a five-angled green to yellow tropical fruit of star-shaped cross section Steep Having a sharp inclination; precipitous Stem Stalk, trunk, branch of a plant that can be vertical or horizontal Internode The portion of a stem or other structure between two nodes Tiller An erect shoot arising from the crown of a grass Stem cutting Any part of a stem used for plant propagation, usually of three general types of wood (a) softwood or green cutting taken from a plant while in leaf, the stem being succulent (b) hardwood cutting, taken from the leafless, dormant plant (c) semi-hardwood cutting, intermediate between softwood and hardwood cuttings 40 TERM
StemlTrunk Stalk, trunk, branch of a plant Storage (1) Placing or holding in reserve in usable form and condition, as the storage of nutrients by plants in roots, for future use (2) The holding of products for future sale or use, as in a granary, root cellar, cold storage, warehouse, etc. Store To keep, set aside, or accumulate for future use String bean Akind of bean grown in the lowlands Sucker Asecondary shoot which develops from the root, crown, or stem of a plant Sugarcane Atall tropical Southeast Asian grass (Saccharum officinarum) having thick, solid, tough stems that are a chief commercial source of sugar Sugarcane mill Astructure used for milling sugarcane Sun The source of heat and light for the planets in the solar system; a star Sunflower Plant which have tall thick stems, large flower heads with yellow rays Sunny Full of or exposed to sunlight Sunrise The daily appearance of the sun above the horizon Sunset The daily disappearance of the sun below the horizon Supply (1) To furnish something that is required (2)The amount of commodity that producers are willing and able to offer for sale at a specified price Sweetpotato Locally known as camote; it is an annual root crop which comes in yellow, violet, and white varieties Swine Domesticated mammals grown for their edible flesh and fat, for their hides and for their bristles; also called hog or pig Barrow A male pig castrated before sexual maturity Boar Male swine under one year of age Gilt A name for a young female pig until it produces its first offspring Litter A group of young animals born at a single birth, as a litter of pigs, etc. Piglet Ayoung pig of either sex Sow Afemale swine usually one that shows evidence of having produced pigs or one that is obviously pregnant Suckling The young mammals being nursed by the female; un-weaned animals Symptom A perceptible change in any part of the body which indicates disease; a sign, mark, or indication Tamarind A tropical Asian evergreen tree (Tamarindus indica) having pinnately compound leaves, pale yellow flowers, and long pods containing small seeds embedded in an edible pulp Taro Awidely cultivated tropical Asian root crop (Colocasia esculenta) having broad leaves and a large starchy edible tuber Tenant Afarmer who rents or leases land from another person, or one who works on sharing system Thinning The removal of plants in a stand to reduce crowding Thresh The process of separating the grain or seed from its straw and chaff Thunder A loud cracking or deep rumbling noise caused by the rapid expansion of the atmospheric gasses caused suddenly by lightning Tick Any of various blood- sucking arachnids which fasten themselves to warm-blooded animals Tillage The mechanical manipulation of soil for any purpose; but in agriculture, it is usually restricted to modifying soil condition for crop production Plow To turn, break up, or work with a plow Harrowing Turning the soil into a muddy or watertight paste through secondary tillage Lengthwise Harrowing alongside the whole length of the paddy Crosswise Harrowing across the whole length of the paddy Levelling Flattening Dryland method Plowing and harrowing the field when the soil is dry or not saturated with water Wetland method Preparing the soil by plowing of lowland fields and harrowing the soil in a saturated or flooded condition I. 41 TERM DEFINITION
Plastering the dike The process by which mud is plastered along the levee to cover weeds or holes Decomposition The breaking down of minerals and rocks by chemical weathering Tip burn Any disease of plants caused by environment or other factors in which the margins and tips of the leaves burn or turn brown Toxic Poisonous Trader A person who engages in trade; dealer; merchant Trading post A general store established for commercial purposes Trail A pathway made either by repeated passage of people or animals or constructed for easier passage Transplanting To transfer seedlings from the seedbed and set them in the ground Random Without definite aim, direction, or rule of method Straight row Hills and rows of crops have specific distances in straight lines Spacing/Distance Planting at intervals Guide/Marker Guide to or direct a way or course Seedling The stage of the plant after seed germination until the development of the 5th leaf Tillering The production of shoots from the crown of plant; stooling Alleyway A space between crops as a passageway Replanting The process of replacing dead plants or missing hills usually within seven days after transplanting Transport To convey crops or animals from one place to another TreatmenVTreat To care for sick animal by giving it proper attention and medication Trowel A short-handled tool having a relatively narrow, concave, and pointed blade Tuber Thickened or swollen underground branch or stolon with numerous buds (eyes) Turkey A large native American bird, now largely domesticated and raved for its delicious white meat Poult A young turkey with undetermined sex Tom/Gobbler A mature male turkey Turkey hen A mature female turkey Twig A shoot of a woody plant representing the growth of the current season Typhoon A small violent tropical storm or cyclone Unripe Not mature Variety A group of related plants or animals which differs from other similar group by characters too trivial or inconstant to be recognized as a species, often any category of lower rank than a species Warehouse Place where goods are stored prior to their use, distribution, or sale Wash Cleaning of crops or produce with water Water Clear, colorless, tasteless, odorless liquid essential for plant and animal life that constitutes, in impure form, rain, oceans, rivers, lakes, etc. Water cress Aperennial cruciferous herb (Nasturtium officina/e) growing usually in clear running or spring water; the leaves are used as vegetables Water fall A cascade of falling water Water pump A device that raises, transfers, or compresses water Watering Furnishing water for the consumption of plants or animals Watering can A container with a handle and a spout with a perforated nozzle used to sprinkle water over plants Watermelon Atropical, tender, annual, herbaceous vine of almost innumerable varieties, grown as an important cash crop WeaninglWean To make a young animal cease to depend on its mother's milk 42 TERM DEFINITION
Weather The atmospheric condition prevailing at any specified time and place, or prevailing during any particular period, as shown by meteorological observations and records of velocity, humidity, clouds, and precipitation Weed A plant out of place; more popularly an herbaceous plant which takes possession. of fallow fields or found its way into lawns or planted .fields, crowding the vegetation and robbing it of moisture and nutrients Week A period of seven consecutive days, usually beginning with Sunday Weevil Any of the several beetles of the family Curculionidae, which has mouth parts at the end of the more-or-Iess prolonged snout and eat plants and seeds; a pest Weigh To measure the weight Weighing scale An instrument or machine used for weighing Weight A measure of the heaviness of an object; the amount anything weighs Well Water well established by hand tools, powered augers, or auger buckets in rock free soil Wheel barrow A simple vehicle for carrying small loads, typically being an open container supported by a wheel at the front and two legs behind Whirlwind A windstorm rapidly rotating inward and upward spiral motion of the air, covering a very small area; it is often seen on hot summer days, especially on open or prairie land White flowered gourd Another kind of herbaceous tendril-bearing vines Wholesale Selling goods to retailers in large quantities purchased from manufacturers WiltingIWilt Loss of freshness and a drooping of the foliage of a plant due to an inadequate supply of moisture, excessive transpiration, and as a result of a disease Wind The horizontal movement of air on and above the earth's surface Windy Characterized by, resembling, or relating to wind; stormy Winged bean An Asian twining legume cultivated in warm regions for its edible high protein Winnow To remove (as chaff) by a current of air Winnower A device or tool for winnowing Wire A slender thread of metal, unusually flexible, which may be used for such purposes as to carry electric current, tie bales, construct fences, and make temporary repairs on machinery World The place as a planet, including its inhabitants and everything that is in it Yam bean A widely cultivated Eurasian plant (Brassica rapa) of the mustard family, having a large fleshy edible yellow or white root Yard The ground immediately surrounding a dwelling Year The calendar year, containing 365 days or in a leap year, 366 days Yield The quantity of an aggregate products resulting from cultivation or growth Yoke A variously shaped wooden frame placed on the necks of two oxen to work them together as a team
43 APPENDIX B
VALIDATION WORKSHOP February 3-4, 2005 ATI-CAR, BSU Compound La Trinidad 2601 Benguet
Bontoc: 1. Mr. Frederick Waclet- MAO, Bontoc, Mt. Province Kankana-ey: 1. Mr. Crispolo S. Tandoc- MAO, Bakun, Benguet 2. Mr. Antero P. William- MAO, Kabayan, Benguet Ibaloi: 3. Mr. Delfin D. Rufino- LGU, Buguias, Benguet 1. Ms. Josephine C. Apili- MAO, Kapangan, Benguet 4. Mr. Fred V. Rufino- MAO, Atok, Benguet 2. Mr. Roger P. Catayao- LGU, Itogon, Benguet 5. Ms. Lucille Mang-oy- BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet 3. Mr. Manuel O. Carias- MAO, Buguias, Benguet
Tagalog: I1ocano: 1. Dr. Leoncia Tandang- BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet 1. Mr. Esteban Reboldela- LGU, Sablan, Benguet 2. Dr. Esther Hufana- UC, Baguio City 2600 Tingguian: 1. Ms. Marcelina Bahatan- BIR, La Trinidad Isnag: 1. Ms. Berthilyn Ballesteros- LGU, Apayao 2. Ms. Meriam Basilag- LGU, Apayao Tuwali: 3. Ms. Marcelina Aridao- LGU, Apayao 1. Mr. Raymund Bahatan- Provincial Agriculturist, Ifugao
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