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I'h '(>71-0330-57-8 First Printing 2005 ISBN 971-0330-57-8 I'H '(>71-0330-57-8 First Printing 2005 ISBN 971-0330-57-8 Although this publication may be reproduced in part or in whole without permission from the publisher/authors, due acknowledgement is highly appreciated. Bibliographic Citation: Jacalan, G. B., H. B. Aliten, M. D. Cadatal, L. M. Colting, B. B. Gumihid, S. B. Maddul, A. D. Nono, G. S. Vasquez, F. C. Victor, J. A. Wakat. 2005. A Glossary of Agricultural Terms in the Cordillera. Benguet State University, La Trinidad 2601 Benguet, Philippines. Cover Design by: Gilda B. Jacalan Anna Liza B. Wakat Cover Photo: Courtesy of Anna Liza B. Wakat Printed by: BAGUIO ALLIED PRINTERS No.3 Urbano St., Baguio City 2600 PHILIPPINES MESSAGE The Cordillera Region, as a home to a multilingual people, does not have a lingua franca for extension and outreach activities. Hence, familiarity with the various terms used in farming activities by a plurality of speakers is perceived to help resolve the problem related to the language of extension adopted in a multilingual setting. It will capacitate the extension workers. To the users of this glossary of agricultural terms in the Cordillera Region, it is hoped that this document will facilitate not only the dissemination of technologies and information but also help ease some communication gaps brought about by the various languages used in the Region. Although the researchers tried within the limits of time, efforts, and funds available to make this document a comprehensive one, the translation and equivalence of words gathered are continuously being done. This initial glossary is therefore far from perfect. Hence, the University hopes to receive comments and reactions from the users to further improve this piece of document. ~/~. R06'ELIO D. COLTING President FREFACE In the Cordillera Region, most of the people earn their living through agriculture. Just like any other discipline, agriculture has a language of its own, which is alive and dynamic. This one aspect of the nature of language accounts for the constant changes of agricultural terms that emerge from the various areas of this discipline. These changes occur as new technologies and information emerge from large amount of research and extension activities completed year after year. Moreover, keeping abreast with current terms of an ever-changing industry can be a complicated task. Hence, there is a need to know and be familiar with agricultural terms used by a linguistically diversified people. The English language is the main point of reference in searching for the accurate equivalence or local synonym(s) of an existing agricultural term. The choice of a particular language from a very rich language reservoir was based on the plurality of speakers. In this glossary are about 600 agricultural terms used for farming activities in the Cordillera Region. These terms relate to crops and animals grown, farm tools and implements used, climatic condition prevailing in the locality, and pests incidence among others, and are written in seven Cordilleran languages (along with English, Tagalog, and Iloko) and used by a plurality of speakers in Abra (Tingguian), Apayao (Isnag), Benguet (Ibaloi/Kankana-ey), Ifugao (Tuwali), Kalinga (Kalinga) and Mt. Province (Bontoc). For accuracy and acceptance, these terms were validated in a two-day workshop attended by the provincial agricultural officers (PAOs) and municipal agricultural officers (MAOs) in the Region as well as some socio-Iinguists and ethno-Iinguists. A number of agri-terms were omitted from the initially collected items because there were no lexical variations. All the entries are presented in a matrix. As the main entries and point of reference, the English terms lifted from various sources such as dictionaries, Thesauruses, books, and other compilations are arranged alphabetically and entered as the first column. Furthermore, the contents of this glossary are limited to agricultural terms with lexical variations. THE AUTHORS ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors acknowledge with sincere thanks: 1. The Institute of Social Research and Development (ISRD) Director, Dr. Marie Klondy T. Dagupen, and Research Assistants: Jariet M. Siano, Analyn A. Lucas, and Lailanie L. Moreno, for extending administrative assistance in conducting the validation workshop including other related tasks; 2. The Philippine Institutional University Cooperation (PIUC) Programme thru the ISRD (Project 5), for the funds used in data gathering, during the validation workshop and in printing this document; 3. The Provincial Agricultural Officers (PAOs) and the Municipal Agricultural Officers (MAOs) in the Cordillera Region, for their involvement during the validation workshop; 4. Dr. Esther R. Hufana, the socio-linguist, for her comments and recommendations to further improve the packaging of this document; 5. Prof. B. Balweg, Dr. L. G. Urio, Dr. T. M. Merestela, Mr. B. L. Baucas, Mr. R. B. Buenavista, and Ms. T. P. Vitales for sharing their efforts pro bono in providing accurate eqUivalences; 6. To all other colleagues, who in one way or the other, may have been involved in fine-tuning this document. iii JNFOKMATJON A50UTTHEAUTHOKS The Study Leader: Dr. Gilda B. Jacalan. A former Director of the Publications and Media Services (PMS-OVPRE), she is presently the Director of Public Affairs under the Office of the President. In addition to this administrative function, Dr. Jacalan is equally active in instruction at the Graduate School handling Language Education subjects as well as at the Humanities Department teaching English language subjects. Co-Study Leaders: Dir. Henry B. Aliten. Mr. Aliten is presently connected with the Department of Land Reform, Cordillera Region as an Assistant Director. Being from Apayao who speaks Isnag, he coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Isnag. Dr. Macario D. Cadatal. Designated as the Director of the Northern Philippines Root Crops Research and Training Center (NPRCRTC), Dr. Cadatal is a Professor at the College of Agriculture whose expertise is in the field of agronomy. He coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Kalinga. Dr. Lita M. Colting. Presently designated as the university Registrar, Dr. Colting is a Professor at the College of Agriculture with expertise in Entomology. As a Kankana-ey, one of the major tribes in Benguet, she coordinated the collection of kankana-ey agri-terms in the same province. Ms. Beverly Ann B. Gumihid. Ms. Gumihid is presently involved in social science researches at the Institute of Social Research and Development. Her expertise includes agribusiness research and development. She was responsible in the collection of Bontoc language in the Mt. Province. iv . Dr. Sonwright B. Maddul. Concurrently, Dr. Maddul, an Animal Scientist, is the Vice-President for Research and Extension and the Consortium Director of the Highland Agriculture and Resources Research and Development Consortium. He coordinated the collection of agri­ terms in Tuwali in Ifugao. Mr. Alejandro D. Nono. A member of the support services staff at the Office of the Vice-President for Research and Extension, Mr. Nono coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Tingguian in Abra. Mr. Geronimo S. Vasquez. A Storekeeper at the Supply and Management Office, Mr. Vasquez coordinated the collection of I1oko agri-terms. Prof. Florencia C. Victor. A Filipino Professor at the Department of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, Prof. Victor is currently the Director of the Pangrehyong Sentro Ng Wikang Filipino. She coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Tagalog. Mr. Jimmy A. Wakat. An agro-forestry Instructor, Mr. Wakat is with the Department of Agroforestry, College of Agriculture. As an Ibaloi, one of the major tribes in Benguet, he coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Ibaloi. v CONTENTS Message Preface ii Acknowledgement iii About the Authors iv The Agricultural Terms 1 References . 25 Appendix A. Definition of English Agricultural Term 27 B. Validation Workshop Participants with Photos . 45 vii T·,cecy~ordillera .Hc~Jtijral T~';rms I ENGUSH BONTOC IIALOI ILOKO ISNAG KAUNGA I KANKANA·EY I TAGALOG TlNGGUIAN TUWAU ... _--- Afternoon Misuyao/Maksep Ma-shem Malem Gidam Madama Masdem Hapon Gidiam/Masdom Himbatangan Animal Talaken AnimallTaraken Dingwen Tarakan Animal Talaken Hayop Tuluken animal Ag-gayam Ant Fuwes KutonlAtitiyeng!Eting Kuton Kutun Kattong Kuton/Bebewes Langgam/Guyam Uvo/Ubo Gulom/Gutul Aphid Kuto Apids/Kuto Aplat Alupiit Kuto Kuto Dapulak/AfidslKuto Aplat Apids Ash Chapo Ngaep/AsislAngep Dapo Abu/Dapug Gabo Asis/Abu/Dap-u Abo Chapol/Gabo Dapul Vasay/Guasayl Axe Wasay Wasay Watay/Parakol Wasay Wasay Palakol Pannakol Wahe/Putaw Wasay Azolla Kuliplip Kulipdip/Kolepdep Asolla Asolla Kudipdip Lumot/Kuliplip/Bagiw AsolalAzalia Kuyap/Bagiw Aluhi-i/Ulip-ip Kambag!Kampit/ Backpack Sangi Lagpi/Sagupit Lagpi/Kalula Pasiking Sangi Backpack/Bakpak Pasiking Pahiking Pasiking Deckshan/Baeng! Awid-dan/Baliwangl Backyard Fitling!Awichan Likudan Naminlikud amuag Pidong Bakuran Paway/Likod buloy Awidan/Natangan Bohdayan Ba-anQ Pananalantal Bacterial wilt Laylay TumbalDayday Bacterial wilt Nangrag MalaylayINalyao Kuyos Nalpa Nalyo Panluluoy TafanlTapang! Bait Papan Appan Appan Papan Papan Pain Gamoten Tapang Tippan DavongITongpopl Kawayanl Bamboo shoot Lafong Rabong Rabong Labong Labong Lavong Tungpup AnQbot AnQawayan Banana Falat Balat Saba Dupat/Bagat Balat SabalBaat/Balat Saging Balat Balat 1 Finger Isay foker ay falat Sakey balat Maysa saba Ramay Simbukol Esay baat Isang gama Osang ay balat Ohan balat Sansafad/Sakey 1 Hand Sinsapi/Sinsapad
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