Local Air Quality Management

LOCAL AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2006 April 2006 Local Air Quality Management Updating and Screening Assessment April 2006 Prepared by: Dacorum Borough Council Author: Alison J King Environmental Health Division Civic Centre Marl owes Hemel Hempstead Herts HP1 1HH CONTENTS PAGE Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Background 1.2 Legislative Background 1.3 Scope of the USA 1.4 Dacorum Borough Information 1.5 Findings from Previous Assessment 1.6 Overall findings from this Assessment 1.7 Reporting of USA 1.8 Data Sources Chapter 2 Source Information 7 2.1 Part A Processes 2.2 Part B Processes 2.3 Petrol Stations 2.4 Major Fuel Storage Depots 2.5 Areas of domestic coal burning 2.6 Shipping 2.7 Airports 2.8 Railways 2.9 Narrow and Congested Streets 2.10 Other sources Chapter 3 Monitoring Data 10 3.1 Data Sources Chapter 4 Carbon Monoxide 11 4.1 Monitoring Data 4.2 Very busy roads or junctions Chapter 5 Lead 13 5.1 Monitoring Data 5.2 New Industrial Resources 5.3 Industrial Sources with Substantially Increased Emissions Chapter 6 Benzene 15 6.1 Monitoring Data 6.2 Very Busy Roads or Junctions 6.3 Industrial Sources 6.4 Petrol Stations 6.5 Major Oil Depots Chapter 7 1, 3 - Butadiene 17 7.1 Monitoring Data 7.2 New Industrial Sources 7.3 Existing Industrial Sources with significantly Increased Emissions Chapter 8 Nitrogen Dioxide 19 8.1 Monitoring Data 8.2 Narrow congested Streets 8.3 Junctions 8.4 Busy Roads 8.5 Roads with high flow of buses and/or HGV's 8.6 New roads constructed or proposed 8.7 Roads close to objective during last round Of review and assessment 8.8 Roads with significantly changed traffic flow 8.9 Bus Stations 8.10 New Industrial Sources 8.11 Existing Industrial Sources with significantly Increased Emissions 8.12 Airports Chapter 9 Sulphur Dioxide 24 9.1 Monitoring data 9.2 New Industrial Sources 9.3 Existing Industrial Sources with substantially increased Emissions 9.4 Areas of domestic coal burning 9.5 Small boilers 9.6 Shipping 9.7 Railway Locomotives Chapter 10 PM 10 Particulates 27 10.1 Monitoring data 10.2 Busy Roads or Junctions 10.3 Roads with high flows of buses and/or HGV's 10.4 New Roads constructed or proposed since the first round of review and assessment 10.5 Roads close to objective during last round Of review and assessment 10.6 Roads with significantly changed traffic flows 10.7 New Industrial Sources 10.8 Industrial Sources with substantially increased emissions 10.9 Areas with Domestic Solid Fuel Burning 10.10 Quarries/Landfill sites 10.11 Airport Chapter 11 Buncefield Oil Depot Report 31 Appendices A Petrol Stations in Dacorum Borough 33 B Part A and Part B Processes 35 c Hertfordshire County Council Traffic Data 37 D Harwell Scientifics Diffusion Tube Data 38 E Laboratory Analysis Report for Buncefield Depot 39 F Benzene Diffusion Tube Results St Albans District Council 40 Glossary t>r c. Ui<Y I Id 1ll'l • I .,, 1, 111 i \ • 11 111 l).1(1 I Ill H1 lllll' (I Ill I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 requires each local authority to review and assess air quality within its geographical area. Predicted concentrations for seven key pollutants; carbon monoxide, lead, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and PM10 particles must be compared against the standards and objectives specified in the Air Quality Regulations 2000 (as amended). The review and assessment for each pollutant has been carried out in accordance with the methodology laid out in Technical Guidance Local Air Quality Management. (LAQM) TG (03). Although national data shows a decline in air pollution levels in recent years, there is still a concern about potential hot spots mainly related to road transport emissions and certain industrial processes. In the Dacorum Borough and generally across Hertfordshire, industrial sources only represent a small percentage of total emissions for most air pollutants. This Updating and Screening Assessment (USA) provides an update with respect to air quality issues within Dacorum Borough Council since the 2"d round of review and assessment. This report is the 3rd round of review and assessment. Table 1 Results of Update and Screening Assessment for Each Pollutant. Pollutant See Section Detailed Assessment Required? Carbon Monoxide 4 No Lead 5 No Benzene 6 No 1,3 Butadiene 7 No Nitrogen Dioxide 8 No Sulphur Dioxide 9 No PM10 Particles 10 No I I' I i111 <llld < I \.11111.' \ ~l''> ·llh'llf I) I( 11lllll l~(lll•'l •Ii ( llllll ii The overall findings of the Update and Screening Assessment process within Dacorum Borough is that there are no exceedences of the specified pollutants and that there is no need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment. At present monitoring is only undertaken by the use of single tubes. A single tube in a location does not give us sufficient true data to establish the true quality of air in each location; therefore diffusion tubes will be co-located in areas of potential concern to give more balanced data. An Automatic Roadside Monitor has also been purchased and will be used within the Borough. 2 I ),H' 1111 Bi "' 1 Ii ( , 1 m i CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background This updating review and screening assessment of local air quality was carried out by Dacorum Borough Council as part of the next phase of the continuing local air quality management process, as prescribed in Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 and subsequent Regulations. The purpose of this review and assessment of air quality is to enable local authorities to appraise current and future air quality for their geographical area, against the current Air Quality Regulations 2000 and Air Quality (Amendment) Regulations 2002 that are reported in Table 2. Table 2 Air Quality Objectives from the Air Quality Regulations 2000 (As amended) Pollutant Objective To be achieved by the encl of year Carbon Monoxide I Omg/mj ru nning 8 hour mean 2003 Lead 0.5 µg/m3 annual mean concentration 2004 0.25 11g/m3 annual mean concentration 2008 Benzene 16.25 µg/mj annual mean concentration 2003 5 ~1 g/m3 annual mean concent ration 2010 1,3-Butadiene 2.25 11g/mj annual mean concentration 2003 Nitrogen Dioxicle1 200 11g/m3 one hour mean max imum of 2005 35 exceedences per year 40 ug/1113 annual mean 2005 Sulphur Dioxide 266 11glmj - 15 mi nute mean maximum of35 exceedences per year 2005 350 11g/m3 one hour mean max imum of 24 exceedences per year 2004 125 11g/m3 24 hour mean maximum of 2004 3 exceedences per year 3 PM10 Particles 50 11g/m fi xed 24 hour mean, maximum of35 exceedences per year. 2004 40 11g/m3 annual mean 2004 1 The obj ectives fo r nitrogen dioxide are provisional 3 I I\ 11111 .lilt ' I ·, 1111 '' 1111 " I >.1r1 11111 I 111 l l 1it111 rl 1.2 Legislative Background Part IV of the Environment Act 1990 places a statutory duty on local authorities to periodically review and assess the air quality within their area. This involves consideration of present and likely future air quality against air quality standards and objectives. Guidelines for the review and Assessment of local air quality were published in the 1997 National Air Quality Strategy (NAQS)2 and associated guidance and technical guidance. In 2000, the Government reviewed the NAQS and set down a revised Air Quality 3 Strategy (AQS) for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern lreland . This set down a revised framework for air quality standards and objectives for seven pollutants, which were subsequently set in Regulation 2000 through the Air 4 5 Quality regulations 2000 . These were subsequently amended in 2002 . In February 2003 the Government published its Addendum to the AQS which proposed new objectives for PM 10 in 2010 whilst also setting down new objectives for benzene and carbon monoxide. New Policy Guidance (LAQM.TG (05))6 has replaced the (LAQM.TG (03)) which was issued on behalf of DEFRA in January 2006. The guidance sets the framework for the requirements of review and assessment for future years, taking account of experiences from previous review and assessments. 1.3 Scope of the Updating and Screening Assessment (USA) The USA should be used to identify those matters that have changed since the previous rounds of review and assessment and to identify those sources that may lead to an air quality objective being exceeded. A series of checklist pollutants and different screening tools for industrial and road traffic sources are used in order to determine those remaining sources that may have significant contributions to potential exceedences of the air quality objectives. The USA should, if possible, determine what has changed since the last round of review and assessment. It is important to note that previous assessments, information such as road traffic data may only have been collated for those roads considered to be important at the time of the previous assessments and in 2 DoE ( 1997) The United Kingdom National Ai r Quality Strategy. The Stationery Office 3 DETR (2000) The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland - Working together for Clean Air, The Stationery Offi ce. 4 DETR (2000) The Air Quality Regulations 2000, The Stationery Offi ce 5 Defra (2002) The Air Quali ty Strategy fo r England, Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland: Addendum , The Stationary Office 6 Defra (2006) Po licy Guidance LAQM.TG(05), Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 , Local Air Quali ty Management, The Stationery Offi ce 4 I I l 11111:· .Ill I 1( I l l'lllll" \.

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