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European Air Quality Maps for 2016

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European Air Quality Maps for 2016 Eionet Report - ETC/ACM 2018/8 European air quality maps for 2016 PM10, PM2.5, Ozone, NO2 and NOx spatial estimates and their uncertainties April 2019 Authors: Jan Horálek, Markéta Schreiberová, Frank de Leeuw, Pavel Kurfürst, Peter de Smet, Jana Schovánková ETC/ACM consortium partners: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Aether, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (CSIC/IDAEA), EMISIA, Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Öko-Institute, Öko-Recherche, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Universitat Autónoma de Barcalona (UAB), Umweltbundesamt Wien (UBA-V), Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), 4sfera Innova Cover photo – Concentration map of PM10 indicator 90.4 percentile of daily means for the year 2016. Spatially interpolated concentration field. Units: µg·m-3. (Map 2.2 of this paper.) Legal notice The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the European Commission or other institutions of the European Union. Neither the European Environment Agency, the European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation nor any person or company acting on behalf of the Agency or the Topic Centre is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. Copyright notice © European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation (2018) Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Authors Jan Horálek, Markéta Schreiberová, Pavel Kurfürst, Jana Schovánková: Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI, CZ) Peter de Smet, Frank de Leeuw: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM, NL) European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation PO Box 1 3720 BA Bilthoven The Netherlands Tel.: +31 30 274 8562 Fax: +31 30 274 4433 Web: http://acm.eionet.europa.eu Email: [email protected] 2 Eionet Report - ETC/ACM 2018/8 Contents Executive summary ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 9 2 PM10 .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 PM10 annual average ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Concentration map ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Population exposure................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 PM10 – 90.4 percentile of daily means .............................................................................................. 14 2.2.1 Concentration map ..................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 Population exposure................................................................................................................... 15 3 PM2.5 ......................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.1 PM2.5 annual average ......................................................................................................................... 19 3.1.1 Concentration map ..................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.2 Population exposure................................................................................................................... 20 4 Ozone ........................................................................................................................................................ 23 4.1 Ozone – 93.2 percentile of maximum daily 8-hour means ............................................................... 23 4.1.1 Concentration map ..................................................................................................................... 23 4.1.2 Population exposure................................................................................................................... 24 4.2 Ozone – SOMO35 .............................................................................................................................. 26 4.2.1 Concentration map ..................................................................................................................... 27 4.2.2 Population exposure................................................................................................................... 27 4.3 Ozone – AOT40 vegetation and AOT40 forests ................................................................................. 29 4.3.1 Concentration maps ................................................................................................................... 30 4.3.2 Vegetation exposure .................................................................................................................. 32 5 NO2 and NOx ............................................................................................................................................. 35 5.1 NO2 – Annual mean ........................................................................................................................... 35 5.1.1 Concentration maps ................................................................................................................... 35 5.1.2 Population exposure................................................................................................................... 36 5.2 NOx – Annual mean ........................................................................................................................... 38 5.2.1 Concentration maps ................................................................................................................... 38 6 Exposure trend estimates ......................................................................................................................... 41 6.1 Mapping and exposure results .......................................................................................................... 41 6.1.1 Human health PM10 indicators ................................................................................................... 41 6.2.1 Human health PM2.5 indicator .................................................................................................... 42 6.3.1 Human health ozone indicators ................................................................................................. 43 6.4.1 Vegetation and forest ozone indicators ..................................................................................... 44 6.5.1 Human health NO2 indicators ..................................................................................................... 45 Eionet Report - ETC/ACM 2018/8 3 References ................................................................................................................................................... 47 Annex 1 – Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 51 A1.1 Mapping method ......................................................................................................................... 51 A1.2 Calculation of population and vegetation exposure ................................................................... 53 A1.3 Methods for uncertainty analysis ................................................................................................ 55 Annex 2 – Input data ................................................................................................................................... 59 A2.1 Air quality monitoring data ......................................................................................................... 59 A2.2 EMEP MSC-W model output ....................................................................................................... 61 A3.3 Other supplementary data ...................................................................................................... 62 Annex 3 – Technical details and mapping uncertainties ............................................................................. 65 A3.1 PM10 ................................................................................................................................................. 65 A3.2 PM2.5 ................................................................................................................................................ 70 A3.3 Ozone .............................................................................................................................................. 74 A3.4 NO2 and NOx .................................................................................................................................... 80 Annex 4 – Inter-annual changes .................................................................................................................
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