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Three perspectives of continental margins. (a) Deformed margin as seen on the field trip simplified into a column. Figure 1. American margin in eastern Tennessee (was actually facing south, rather than east, located in the southern hemisphere with Tennessee American margin in eastern North Carolina. Atlantic margin off just north [west] of here). (c) Modern Great Miller thrust thrust thrust Smoky unnamed 2 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip 2' 30” 0” 5 '3 o ' 35 o 22 00 ' o 35 00 3 o 8 83 Gt St Ky lt EASTERN BLUE RIDGE Bt Hayesville fau Hayesville Greenbrier fault Greenbrier kilometers Ky GSF 0 5 10 15 20 Figure 2. (a) Simplified geologic map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park showing simple Cove, WC) and the minimum TC; Cades Cove, CC; and Wear Cove, windows (Tuckaleechee displacement (some 15 km) estimated on the Great Smoky fault (GSF) measured from southeast of and Ridge to the northwest (red arrow). Cades Cove to the trace of fault on edge Valley Gray dashed lines are metamorphic isograds: Bt–biotite. Gt–garnet. St–Staurolite. Ky–kyanite. (Modified by RDH from Southworth et al., 2005). 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0LOOHU&RYHV\QFOLQHIURQWDOEORFNFRPSRVHGRIWKH1HRSURWHUR]RLF±&DPEULDQ2FRHH6XSHUJURXSURFNVRYHUODLQ 4 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip of ing o form Roof 1 2 Floor 3 Unit C (weak) Duplex 4 1 fault blocks (horses) Footwall broken sequentially forward as hanging wall locks and master fault continues to move. Imbricate Footwall 2 Hanging wall 3 4 Paths of future thrusts Hanging wall Footwall Unit A (weak) Unit B (strong) 2, etc. Figure 3. Formation of a duplex thrust system from originally horizontal sedimentary rocks. The numbers indicate the sequence formation of the blocks (horses) within duplex in sequence anternating weak and strong sedimentary rocks, with hang wall locking and breaking the footwall to form block 1. The hanging plus 1 locks again is broken t block 5 Hatcher 4 6 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip he SE on C Cr pC OCk Cc Cr Osv C OCk C Cc (floor) pC Cc Cr Om OCk OCk Cr Cc Saltville fault Cr OCk thrust (roof) Great Smoky Blue Ridge OCk Tuckaleechee Cove Tuckaleechee Cc OCk Cr OCk Cc Creek fault Cw Osv OCk Cc Miller Cove fault Cove Miller Osv syncline tion about the nature of these rocks. C Cove Cr Cc Om OCk OCk Miller OCk – Knox Group. Osv–Sevier Shale. Om–Middle Ordovician rocks. DM Devonian and Mississippian k C Great Smoky fault Smoky Great Guess Osv – Older rocks southeast of Tuckaleechee Cove thrust up along the Great Smoky fault. w – Wilhite Slate and related Tuckaleechee – Older rocks southeast of C DM – Cambrian(?) to Cambrian (Chilhowee Group and younger) rocks of the Miller Cove syncline. r Rome Formation. c C and Ridge Valley window. p window. crosses Tuckaleechee Cove and illustrates the model, based on the smaller-scale structure observed at Cedar Bluff, to explain t Cove and illustrates the model, based on smaller-scale structure observed at Cedar Bluff, Tuckaleechee crosses Cove window and synclinal nature of the rocks northwest Tuckaleechee antiformal nature of the faults beneath and within Figure 5. Cross section from the Valley and Ridge (NW) through the front part of the Blue Ridge in southeastern TN. The secti TN. and Ridge (NW) through the front part of Blue in southeastern Figure 5. Cross section from the Valley rocks. Conasauga Group. O See Figure 1 for more informa NW 7 Hatcher E\DFRPSOHWHVHFWLRQRIULIWDQGSRVWULIWWRGULIWVHTXHQFHRI/RZHU&DPEULDQ&KLOKRZHH*URXSURFNVWKHQ WKH6KDG\'RORPLWHDQGDSDUWLDOVHFWLRQRI5RPH)RUPDWLRQ7KH5RPH)RUPDWLRQLVWKHROGHVWURFNXQLW H[SRVHGLQWKH9DOOH\DQG5LGJH UHFDOOWKHURFNVDW0RRUHV*DS&KXUFKLI\RXKDYHEHHQRQDQ5'+¿HOGWULS LQWKH2DN5LGJH&OLQWRQDUHD 7KHVRXWKHDVWÀDQNRIWKH0LOOHU&RYHV\QFOLQHLVFXWRIIE\WKH0LOOHU&RYH IDXOWZKLFKEULQJVXSJUHHQFKORULWHJUDGHVODWHDQGVDQGVWRQHRIWKH1HRSURWHUR]RLFWR/RZHU&DPEULDQ " :DOGHQ&UHHN*URXS :LOKLWH6ODWHDQGUHODWHGURFNV 7KHVODWHLVFDOOHGVODWHEHFDXVHLWEUHDNVPRUHHDVLO\ DORQJDVWUXFWXUHFDOOHGVODW\FOHDYDJHWKDQDORQJEHGGLQJ VHHWKHOHIWSKRWRRQWKHFRYHURIWKHJXLGHERRN LW KDVEHHQPLQHGORFDOO\IRUURR¿QJVODWH$VLJQL¿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²FDOOHGWKH6PRNLHV)RRWKLOOVGXSOH[²GXULQJ HPSODFHPHQWRIWKH*UHDW6PRN\IDXOWDVWKHÀRRURIWKH%OXH5LGJH3LHGPRQWPHJDWKUXVWVKHHW +DWFKHUHW DO 7KHURRIRIWKHGXSOH[LVWKH*UHDW6PRN\WKUXVWVKHHWDQGWKHÀRRULVWKH*XHVV&UHHNWKUXVWWKDW RXWFURSVLPPHGLDWHO\ZHVWRIWKHWUDFHRIWKH*UHDW6PRN\WKUXVW )LJ 7KUXVWIDXOWVWKDWKDYHEHHQPDSSHG LQWKH2UGRYLFLDQURFNVLQVLGH7XFNDOHHFKHH&RYHZLQGRZDQG)DLU*DUGHQDQWLFOLQHDUHSUREDEO\KRUVHVLQWKH GXSOH[,IWKLVLQWHUSUHWDWLRQLVFRUUHFWLWGHPRQVWUDWHVDJDLQWKHPHFKDQLVPRIDUFKLQJRIDODUJHWKUXVWVKHHW E\IRUPDWLRQRIDIRRWZDOOGXSOH[ %R\HUDQG(OOLRWW )LJVDQG +DWFKHUHWDO DQG+DWFKHU IXUWKHUH[SORUHGWKLVLQWHUDFWLYHSURSHUW\EHWZHHQWKUXVWVKHHWVDQGIRRWZDOOURFNV 8 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip part of the Knox Group the ridge toward SE. es in the hanging wall. Photos taken Figure 6. Panoramic view looking E toward Cedar Bluff in Tuckaleechee Cove window. Rocks exposed here all belong to the upper Cove window. Tuckaleechee in Figure 6. Panoramic view looking E toward Cedar Bluff (here called Jonesboro Limestone). The Great Smoky fault that overlies these rocks would be present along the highest part of (here called Jonesboro Limestone). that produced “rollover” anticlines or “snakehead” structur Several SE-dipping imbricate thrust faults are visible in the bluff in December 2011 then composited and edited in Photoshop 6™ July 2012. in December 2011 9 Hatcher FIELD GUIDE Drive east from Knoxville on U.S. 129 (Alcoa Highway) to Maryville, Tennessee, then southeast on U.S. 321/TN 73 toward the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Stop at the large cut on the right immediately northwest of Chilhowee Mountain. STOP 1. Sevier Shale (Middle Ordovician), Guess Creek Block, and Blue Ridge contact (Great Smoky fault), Little River Gap, near Walland, Tennessee. Location: 35.7363° N, 83.8243°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¿QHJUDLQHGVDQGVWRQHDQGVKDOHFRQWDLQLQJFPVFDOHJUDGHGEHGV LQGLFDWLYHRIGHHSZDWHU UDSLGGHSRVLWLRQ VKDOHDQGVFRXUDQG¿OOVWUXFWXUHVJUDGHXSZDUGLQWRPRVWO\VKDOHZLWKVRPHVDQGVWRQHDQG PXGVWRQH0XFKRIWKHVKDOHLVFDOFDUHRXV$VHFRQGXQLWWRWKHQRUWKZHVWLVFRPSRVHGRIPHGLXPWRGDUN EOXHJUD\FDOFDUHRXVVKDOHSRVVLEO\FRUUHODWLYHZLWKWKH%ORFNKRXVH6KDOH 1HXPDQ 7KHWKLUGXQLW H[SRVHGDWWKHQRUWKZHVWHQGRIWKHFXWLVFRPSRVHGRIEOXHJUD\FDOFDUHRXVVKDOHVLPLODUWRWKDWSUHVHQWLQ WKHRWKHUXQLWV,QDGGLWLRQJUDGHGDQGPDVVLYHEHGVRIFDOFDUHRXVVDQGVWRQHDQGVDQG\OLPHVWRQHDOVRRFFXU KHUHDORQJZLWKVFRXUDQG¿OOVWUXFWXUHVRQWKHEDVHVRIVHYHUDOVDQGVWRQHEHGV%HGWKLFNQHVVUDQJHVIURP WRFP&DOFLWH¿OOHGIUDFWXUHVDUHDEXQGDQW*UDGHGFRQJORPHUDWHFRQWDLQLQJFODVWVRIOLPHVWRQHGRORVWRQH FKHUWDQGFODVWLFURFNIUDJPHQWVRFFXUVLQWKLVXQLWEXWLVKDUGWR¿QGWRGD\EHFDXVHWKHURFNVLQWKHFXWKDYH ZHDWKHUHGVLQFHWKHFXWZDVFRQVWUXFWHGLQ *UDSWROLWHV Glyptograptus teretiusculus, Dicellograptus sp., Reteograptus qeinitizianus, Pseudoclimacograptus sp., Didymograptus sp., Glyptogaptus sp., and Pseudoclimacograptus angulatus LGHQWL¿HGE\3URI6&)LQQH\&DO6WDWH±/RQJ%HDFKDQGEHORQJWRWKHNemagraptus gracillis Zone or the uppermost Glyptograptus teretiusculus =RQH 0LGGOH2UGRYLFLDQa0D DQGSRVVLEOH¿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¿FDQFHRIWKLVH[SRVXUHRUWKHIDXOWH[SRVHGKHUH 10 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip C other D F 992 by NW B E Sevier Shale Note: There are numerous subhorizontal slickensurfaces parallel to the face of cut indicating sinistral motion. 10 meters (Cochran conglomerate) Chilhowee Group rocks 10 meters Sevier Shale 10 meters 10 meters 10 meters Sevier Shale Shale Sevier 10 meters B Great Smoky fault >300 km displacement Group Knox horse sandstone Chilhowee Dolomite Sevier Shale (and sandstone) The diagram is detailed enough that you should be able to locate yourself in this as Massive sandstonee Dolomite (Knox? horse) Sandstone and conglomerate Sandstone Conglomerate Shale, cm-thick turbidite layers, minor limestone Explanation (Lower Cambian) (Lower (Middle Ordovician) (Middle Conglomerate Sevier Shale Sevier Cochran D A E SE C walk along and look at the exposure. Mark W. Carter, G. Landon Davidson, and James Carter, Mark W. A. Heller as part of a term problem in UTK graduate structural geology course ( data they collected are not included). Figure 7. Sketch of the roadcut at Stop 1. was constructed in field from detailed photographs exposure 1 11 Hatcher 6XEKRUL]RQWDO)HR[LGHFRDWHGVOLFNHQOLQH PRYHPHQW VXUIDFHVRQ&KLOKRZHH*URXSVDQGVWRQHDUH SUREDEO\DORFDOPDQLIHVWDWLRQRIWKHVWULNHVOLSIDXOWWKDWORFDOL]HGWKH/LWWOH5LYHUZDWHUJDSFRQVLVWHQWZLWKD PDSSHGIDXOWLQWKHJDS 1HXPDQDQG1HOVRQ 'HVSLWHWKLVWKHQHWGLVSODFHPHQWKHUHLVGRPLQDWHGE\ WKHVHYHUDONLORPHWHUVRIYHUWLFDOGLVSODFHPHQWLQWKH*UHDW6PRN\IDXOWKDQJLQJZDOODQG!NPRIKRUL]RQWDO GLVSODFHPHQWDOOGLSVOLSIURPWKHVRXWKHDVW7KHVWULNHVOLSIDXOWKDVRQO\aPRIGLVSODFHPHQW >NOTE: 0DQ\RIWKHGDWDRQ0LGGOH2UGRYLFLDQURFNVIURPWKLVH[SRVXUHZHUHFROOHFWHGE\'DUWPRXWK &ROOHJHXQGHUJUDGXDWH.XUW6/DUVRQLQ DVSDUWRID8QLYHUVLW\RI7HQQHVVHH6FLHQFH$OOLDQFH6XPPHU 8QGHUJUDGXDWH5HVHDUFK)HOORZVKLSGLUHFWHGE\3URI+DWFKHU$GGLWLRQDOVWUXFWXUDOGDWDZHUHFROOHFWHGDQGWKH VNHWFKHVLQFOXGHGKHUHZHUHPDGHE\0DUN:&DUWHU*/DQGRQ'DYLGVRQDQG-DPHV$+HOOHUDVSDUWRIDQ DGYDQFHGVWUXFWXUDOJHRORJ\FRXUVHSUREOHPLQ DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI7HQQHVVHH±.QR[YLOOH@ NOTE: This is a stop where undergraduates are instructed in measuring planar structures and the differ- HQWFRPSRQHQWVRIIROGVDVZHOODVDFFXUDWHO\UHFRUGLQJVWUXFWXUDOGDWDLQD¿HOGERRN SHUKDSVRQDQL3DG WRGD\ DQGEULQJLQJLQWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIPDNLQJDFFXUDWHVNHWFKHVRIVWUXFWXUHVDQGRWKHUIHDWXUHV:H FRPPRQO\VSHQGXSWRDQKRXUKHUHVRWKHXQGHUJUDGVFDQEHVSOLWLQWRVPDOOJURXSV FRPPRQO\ DQG DQ\JUDGVWXGHQWVGRLQJ¿HOGRULHQWHGUHVHDUFKSURMHFWVDQG,FDQGHPRQVWUDWHPHDVXUHPHQWWHFKQLTXHV DQGJHWWKHPVWDUWHGZLWKPHDVXUHPHQWV7KH\DUHDOVRHQFRXUDJHGWRPHDVXUHVNHWFKDQGGHVFULEH VWUXFWXUHVDWRWKHUVWRSVRQWKLVWULS:LWKXQGHUJUDGXDWHVHDUOLHULQWKHVHPHVWHUZHVSHQGDGD\ ¿UVWWULS RIWKHVHPHVWHU JRLQJWRDFRXSOHRIVWRSVLQWKH9DOOH\DQG5LGJH:RI.QR[YLOOHRQHIDXOWGRPLQDWHGDQG the other fold-dominated where they are introduced to measuring planar structures and folds with a Brunton FRPSDVV RUHTXLYDOHQWDOWKRXJK,KDYHQRWIRXQGRQH DFWXDOO\FROOHFWGDWDDQGFDOFXODWHWKHGLSRID IDXOWLQDQDEDQGRQHGTXDUU\PHDVXUHGHWHUPLQHWKHHOHPHQWVWRFKDUDFWHUL]HDIROGLQVSDFHDQGPDNH VNHWFKHVRIVWUXFWXUHVWKH\VHHLQWKH¿HOG7KH\DUHDOVRHQFRXUDJHGWRWDNHSKRWRJUDSKVEXWHPSKDVL]LQJ WKHYDOXHRIDFFXUDWHVNHWFKLQJWRLPSURYHREVHUYDWLRQVZLWKSKRWRJUDSKVXVHGWRDXJPHQWVNHWFKHV &RQWLQXHVRXWKHDVWZDUGRQ86SDVW&KLOKRZHH0RXQWDLQ6WRSDWFXWRQULJKWLQFDUERQDWHURFNVLQ0LOOHU Cove. STOP 2. Miller Cove Syncline. Location: 35.7234° N, 83.8189° W. PURPOSE:7RGHPRQVWUDWHWKHODFNRILQWHUQDOGHIRUPDWLRQDQGPHWDPRUSKLVPLQWKH¿UVWEORFNZLWKLQWKH%OXH 5LGJHWKUXVWVKHHW :HDUHLQWKH%OXH5LGJHKHUH&RQYHQWLRQDOZLVGRPVWDWHVWKDWWKHVHURFNVDUHPHWDPRUSKRVHGEXWWKH\ DUHQRWDQGQHLWKHUDUHWKHURFNVRIWKH&KLOKRZHH*URXSEHORZWKH6KDG\'RORPLWHLQWKLVH[SRVXUHRUWKH 5RPH)RUPDWLRQDERYHLW:K\DUHQ¶WWKHURFNVPHWDPRUSKRVHG" 7KHH[SRVXUHKHUHLVLQWKH6KDG\'RORPLWHWKDWRYHUOLHVWKH&KLOKRZHH*URXSLQWKH0LOOHU&RYHV\QFOLQH 7KHURFNVKHUHFRQVLVWRI/RZHU&DPEULDQ6KDG\'RORPLWHFRPSRVLWLRQDOO\DQDOPRVWWKHRUHWLFDOGRORPLWH &D0J &23 +DWFKHUHWDO &KLOKRZHH*URXSVDQGVWRQHVXQGHUO\LQJ&KLOKRZHH0RXQWDLQWRWKH QRUWKZHVWDUHLQFUHDVLQJO\VLOLFL¿HGGXULQJZHDWKHULQJWRIRUPUHVLVWDQWXQLWV7KHFDUERQDWHDQGVKDOHVRIWKH RYHUO\LQJ6KDG\'RORPLWHDQG5RPH)RUPDWLRQDUHWRSRJUDSKLFDOO\UHFHVVLYHDQGIRUPWKHÀ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lue Ridge Foothills Field Trip LQWKH9DOOH\DQG5LGJHIROGWKUXVWEHOWFRQWUDU\WRFRQYHQWLRQDOZLVGRP&RQVHTXHQW\WKH*UHDW6PRN\IDXOW KHUHLVWKHKLJKHVW9DOOH\DQG5LGJHWKUXVWVKHHW NOTE:,FRPPRQO\GRQRWVSHQGDORWRIWLPHKHUHZLWKVWXGHQWVEXWWU\WRVKRZWKHPVRPHRIWKHPDS UHODWLRQVKLSVDQGHQFRXUDJHWKHPWRWDNHDORRNDWWKHH[SRVHGGRORPLWHWRFRQ¿UPWKHODFNRIGHIRUPDWLRQ and metamorphism. Continue southeastward along U.S. 321/TN 73. Note the sudden appearance of darker-colored, more highly GHIRUPHGURFNVLQFXWVLPPHGLDWHO\VRXWKHDVWRI0LOOHU&RYH&UHHN:HKDYHQRZFURVVHGWKH0LOOHU&RYHIDXOW and are in more highly deformed and metamorphosed (chlorite grade—note the greenish color, some due to PRVV :LOKLWH6ODWHDQGUHODWHGVDQGVWRQH STOP 3. Tightly Folded and Cleaved Wilhite Formation (Walden Creek Group). Location: 35.6981° N, 83.8091° W. PURPOSE:7RFRQWUDVWWKHGHIRUPDWLRQVW\OHDQGURFNVKHUHZLWKWKRVHDWWKHSUHYLRXVH[SRVXUH :KDWIROGPHFKDQLVPVDUHSUHVHQW" $UHWKHURFNVULJKWVLGHXSRURYHUWXUQHGKHUH" :KDWFDXVHVWKHJUHHQFRORULQWKHVHURFNV" :KDWLVWKHPHWDPRUSKLFJUDGHKHUH" :KDWDUHWKHGLIIHUHQWNLQGVRISODQDUVWUXFWXUHVSUHVHQWKHUH" 7KLVH[SRVXUHFRQVLVWVRI¿QHJUDLQHGJUHHQLVKJUD\VODWHDQGVLOWVWRQHRIWKH/RZHU&DPEULDQ " :LOKLWH )RUPDWLRQ6HYHUDOIROGVZLWKDSURPLQHQWVODW\FOHDYDJHDQGDPSOLWXGHVDVODUJHDVWKHFXWDUHH[SRVHGKHUH )LJVDQG DQGJXLGHERRNFRYHU $VPDOOIROGORFDWHGZHVWRIWKHODUJHUIROGVFRQWDLQVDIDQQHGD[LDOSODQDU VODW\FOHDYDJHDQGVOLFNHQ¿EHUVRQEHGGLQJVXUIDFHVLQGLFDWLQJDFRPSRVLWHPHFKDQLVPIRUPHGWKHIROG EXFNOH IROGLQJDQGFOHDYDJHIRUPDWLRQIROORZHGE\À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¿FSHUPLWWLQJ RFFDVLRQDOO\EUHDNLQJWKHJURXSLQWRWZRRUHYHQWKUHHVPDOOHUJURXSVWREH DEOHWRKHDUDQGDSSUHFLDWHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIWKHUHODWLRQVKLSVGHVFULEHGDERYH ,WDNHWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WR explain the relationships in the small mesoscopic fold exposed here. This is one of the places in the world ZKHUHUHDOVWUXFWXUHVEHKDYHSHUIHFWO\ZKHQSORWWHGRQDIDEULFGLDJUDP Continue southeastward on U. S. 321/TN 73. 13 Hatcher Figure 8. Folds at Stop 3. Note the shape of the folds compared with any you might have seen before in the Valley and Ridge, along with the presence of slaty cleavage. Also see the photo on the left on the front cover of the guidebook for another fold located ~25 m to the NW. 14 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip (a) (b) Figure 9. (a) Overturned fold in Wilhite Slate following reworking of the roadcut along US 321 in 2012 by the Tennessee Department of Transportation (compare with the fold on the cover of the guidebook as it appeared before the weathered material was removed). The asymmetry of the fold and the thickening in the anticlinal hinge are still quite evident, and the bedding surface to the left still exposes slickenfibers of chlorite and Fe oxides (not visible in the photo), attesting to the multiple mechanism of folding. The light-colored nearly vertical material in the fresh rock to the upper left are thin zones of recrystallized quartz oriented parallel to cleavage, not visible in the old exposure. (b) Primary sedimentary structures exposed by the reworking of the roadcut. These features were not visible before, and serve as way-up indicators. 15 Hatcher x x x β x x xx x x x xx xx xxx x x x x x Figure 10. Equal-area plot of structural measurements in Wilhite Slate from Maddens Branch locality on US 64 in SE Tennessee (From Hatcher et al., 1978, their Fig. 15). Red dots—25 poles to bedding (S0). x—location of the pole to the great circle (dashed line) best fit for the bedding data (β). Purple dots—21 fold axes. Purple xs—poles to the same 21 fold axial surfaces. Green dots—23 poles to cleavage (S1). Compare this small dataset with the plots of a larger dataset from the same rock unit distributed over a large area in SE Tennessee in Hatcher (1995, his Fig. 18–13). STOP 4. Graded Beds in Channels in Upper Dean Formation (Great Smoky Group beneath Wilhite Slate). Location: 35.6900° N, 83.7978° W. PURPOSE:7RH[DPLQHJUDGHGEHGGHGVHTXHQFHVDQGFKDQQHOVLQWKHXSSHU'HDQ)RUPDWLRQ :KDWSULPDU\VWUXFWXUHVDUHSUHVHQW" ,VWKHUHHYLGHQFHRIODUJHVHGLPHQWDU\SURFHVVHVJRLQJRQKHUH" 7KHVHURFNVDSSHDUXQGHIRUPHGRQ¿UVWLQVSHFWLRQ²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his is a great place to introduce the concept of strain partitioning, especially when students get out of the vans expecting to look at sedimentological features, which are rather spectacular here. &RQWLQXHVRXWKHDVWZDUGRQ8671DQGWXUQOHIW QRUWKHDVW RQWRWKHQHZEULGJHRYHUWKH/LWWOH5LYHU then immediately turn right and drive ~1 mi (1.6 km) to a small exposure of dolostone on the left side of the road. 3DUNLQJLVYHU\GLI¿FXOWKHUHPDNLQJLWKDUGWRKDYHDODUJHJURXSEHDEOHWRVHHWKHURFNVZLWKFDUVJRLQJE\EXW DOOWUDI¿FPRYHVYHU\VORZO\KHUHDQGLVJHQHUDOO\OLJKW 16 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip STOP 5. Great Smoky Fault at the Northwest Side of Tuckaleechee Cove. Location: 35.6923° N, 83.7710° W. PURPOSE:7RH[DPLQHWKHIDXOWLQVLGH7XFNDOHHFKHH&RYHZLQGRZGHPRQVWUDWLQJWKDWFOHDYHGDQG PHWDPRUSKRVHG ORZJUDGH :LOKLWH6ODWHLVLQGLUHFWFRQWDFWZLWKDKRUVHRIXQPHWDPRUSKRVHG.QR['RORPLWH :KDWHYLGHQFHRIIDXOWLQJFDQ\RXVHHKHUH" :KDWURFNXQLWVDUHSUHVHQW" ([SRVXUHVRIWKH*UHDW6PRN\IDXOWDUHUHODWLYHO\UDUHLQDFFHVVLEOHORFDWLRQV7KLVH[SRVXUHLQYROYHV FOHDYHGEDQGHG/RZHU&DPEULDQ " :LOKLWH6ODWHWKUXVWRYHUDKRUVHRI2UGRYLFLDQ.QR['RORPLWH )LJ 7KHVODWHDSSHDUVOLWWOHGHIRUPHGE\HPSODFHPHQWRIWKHWKUXVWZLWKRQO\DIHZFDUERQDWH¿OOHGYHLQVFXWWLQJ WKHROGHUGHIRUPDWLRQ7KH.QR['RORPLWHKHUHKRZHYHULVLQWHQVHO\IUDFWXUHGDQGFDUERQDWHYHLQVDUHFXWE\ \RXQJHUFDUERQDWH¿OOHGIUDFWXUHVLQGLFDWLQJDKLVWRU\RIUHFXUUHQWPRYHPHQWRQWKHIDXOW7KHKRUVHRI.QR[ 'RORPLWHUHVWVRQ0LGGOH2UGRYLFLDQ6HYLHU6KDOHLQWKHÀDWDUHD WKHSDVWXUH LPPHGLDWHO\WRWKHVRXWKHDVW 5RFNVRQHLWKHUVLGHRIWKLVIDXOWZHUHGHSRVLWHGDWOHDVWNPDSDUWIURPHDFKRWKHUDQGWKHKLJKO\GHIRUPHG .QR[UHFRUGVDFRPSOH[KLVWRU\RIPRYHPHQWDVDKRUVH GLVFRQQHFWHGEORFN WKDWZDVGHULYHGIURPWKHIRRWZDOO DQGFDUULHGDORQJWKHIDXOW 7KLVVWRSSURYLGHVDQH[FHOOHQWYLVWDRI7XFNDOHHFKHH&RYHZLQGRZDQGWKH*UHDW6PRN\0RXQWDLQV WRWKHVRXWKHDVW WKHKLJKPRXQWDLQQHDUE\WRWKHVRXWKHDVWLV5LFK0RXQWDLQa P 7KHORZHUIRRWKLOOV LPPHGLDWHO\VRXWKHDVWRIWKHZLQGRZDUHXQGHUODLQE\:DOGHQ&UHHNDQG6QRZELUG*URXSURFNV WKHKLJK PRXQWDLQVLQWKHGLVWDQFH HOHYDWLRQVWR!P DUHXQGHUODLQE\*UHDW6PRN\*URXS PHWD VHGLPHQWDU\ URFNV7KLQNDERXWWKHQRZHURGHG*UHDW6PRN\IDXOWH[WHQGLQJXSLQWRWKHDLUDERYHXVWRZDUGWKH6(IURPWKH H[SRVXUHKHUHDQGUHDOL]HWKDWLWFRPHVEDFNGRZQDWWKHQH[WVWRS 5HWXUQWR8671 FRQWLQXHHDVWZDUGRQ71EH\RQGWKHOHIWWXUQRI86DQGVWRSLQDSDUNLQJDUHD to view a vertical cliff to the northeast. STOP 6. Cedar Bluff inside Tuckaleechee Cove. Location: 35.6775° N, 83.7204° W. PURPOSE:7RORRNDWWKHH[SRVXUHWKDWVHUYHVDVWKHPRGHOIRUWKHPDSVFDOH6PRNLHV)RRWKLOOVGXSOH[ :KDWURFNXQLWVDUHLQYROYHGKHUH" :KDWDUHWKHHOHPHQWVRIDGXSOH[DQGZKDWFRPSRQHQWVFDQEHVHHQKHUH" &HGDU%OXIIORFDWHGaPIURPWKHURDGVLGHYLHZSRLQWFRQVLVWVRIDQHDUYHUWLFDOH[SRVXUHRIPDVVLYH XSSHU.QR[*URXSGRORPLWHDQGOLPHVWRQHDERYHWKH/LWWOH5LYHUZLWK6QRZELUG*URXSURFNVDWWKHWRSRIWKH KLOO FRYHUHGE\YHJHWDWLRQ )LJVDQG )DXOWVLQWKLVH[SRVXUHZHUH¿UVWQRWHGE\1HXPDQDQG1HOVRQ their)LJ )ROGLQJDQGEHGGLQJWUXQFDWLRQVDORQJWKUXVWIDXOWVDUHREYLRXVKHUH+DWFKHUHWDO UHLQWHUSUHWHGWKHVWUXFWXUHDVDPHVRVFRSLFGXSOH[ZLWKWKH*UHDW6PRN\IDXOWDVWKHURRI&HGDU%OXIIVHUYHV DVWKHPRGHOIRULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHIRRWZDOOGXSOH[WKDWIRUPHGWKHFXOPLQDWLRQWKDWZDVHURGHGWRH[SRVHWKH *UHDW6PRN\IDXOWDURXQGWKHZLQGRZV )LJ NOTE:,QDGGLWLRQWRSRLQWLQJRXWWKHVNHWFKLQWKHJXLGHERRN,FRPPRQO\VNHWFKWKHUHODWLRQVKLSVKHUH RQDZKLWHERDUG&HGDUWUHHVJURZWKLFNHUHDFK\HDUUHJDUGOHVVRIWKHVHDVRQDQGLWLVGLI¿FXOWWRRWKHUZLVH SRLQWRXWWKHUHODWLRQVKLSVLQWKHEOXII Return to U.S. 321/TN 73 stoplight. Turn right and continue eastward on US 321 toward Pigeon Forge. Turn left LQWRVXEGLYLVLRQDQGSDUNVRWKDWRWKHUFDUVFDQSDVV 17 Hatcher Sevier Shale Knox Group Metcalf Phyllite Roof thrust Imbricate thrust High-angle fault Lithologic contact Lithologic contact (approximate) O k Zm Osv O k Zm Osv 35°42'30" O k 83°42'30" Osv Zm Cedar Bluff O k 0 kilometer 1 N Osv O k O k Osv 10.5 Osv Osv 1 0.5 0 mile 1 O k O k O k Zm Osv O k O k Osv Osv Figure 11. Detailed geologic map of the interior Tuckaleechee Cove window (by RDH and J. O. Costello, 1986, originally published in Hatcher et al., 1989, and modifying a geologic map by Neuman Nelson, 1965). Dashed faults crossing the window were mapped by tracing zones of shale chips Sevier Shale Thigpen, 2004. separating the faults in Knox Dolomite. Electronic graphic by J. Ryan O k Osv O k 83°47'30" 83°47'30" Osv Osv 35°42'30" 35°37'30" Osv O k 18 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip STOP 7. Great Smoky fault at east end of Tuckaleechee Cove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¿UVWJRRGRYHUORRNLQWRWKH6PRNLHVDQGSXOOLQ STOP 8. Views from Foothills Parkway PURPOSE:7RUHODWHURFNVDQGVWUXFWXUHWRWKHODQGVFDSHYLVLEOHWRWKH6(DQG1: :KDWDUH\RXVHHLQJIURPKHUH"/RRNLQJ6("1:" NOTE:,DQVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQVSRVHGKHUHVRWKDWWKHVWXGHQWVFDQVHHWKHUHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQURFN type, structure, and topography. My common practice here is to place the geologic map on the ground along WKHVKRXOGHURIWKHURDGDQGWU\WRSRLQWRXWWKHURFNWHFWRQLFXQLWVRQWKHPDSDQGWKHQLQWKH¿HOG &RQWLQXH6:RQWKH)RRWKLOOV3DUNZD\WR86 DQGWXUQOHIW 6( 'ULYHWRWKHERDWUDPSDQGWXUQDURXQG GULYHaPL1:DQGSXOORIIQH[WWRWKHODUJHIROGLQWKHURDGFXW STOP 9. Fold on Chilhowee Lake PURPOSE:7RH[DPLQHDODUJHIROGDQGWKHDVVRFLDWHGVWUXFWXUHV :KDWLVWKHIROGPHFKDQLVPKHUH" :KDWDUHWKHURFNVKHUHDQGKRZKDYHWKH\EHHQGHIRUPHG" ,VWKHUHDUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQURFNW\SHDQGWKHVWUXFWXUHV\RXFDQVHHGHYHORSHGLQWKHP" :KDWDUHWKHGLIIHUHQWVWUXFWXUHV\RXFDQLGHQWLI\KHUH" 0DNHVWUXFWXUDOPHDVXUHPHQWVKHUHWR¿OOLQWKHGDWDVKHHW ([SRVHGKHUHLV:LOKLWH6ODWH :DOGHQ&UHHN*URXS WKDWKDVEHHQIROGHGFOHDYHGDQGODWHURYHUSULQWHG E\EULWWOHVWUXFWXUHV )LJ 'HWDLOVRIWKHJHRORJ\RIWKHQHDUE\DUHDPD\EHIRXQGLQ1HXPDQDQG1HOVRQ EHFDXVHWKHKLJKZD\LVORFDWHGLPPHGLDWHO\RXWVLGHWKHVRXWKZHVWHUQERXQGDU\RIWKH*UHDW6PRN\ 0RXQWDLQV1DWLRQDO3DUN7KHHDUO\IROGVDUHÀH[XUDOÀRZPRGL¿HGEXFNOHIROGVZLWKDVWURQJD[LDOSODQDUVODW\ FOHDYDJH$OLPHVWRQHOD\HULQWKHVHTXHQFHSLQFKHVLQWKHFXWE\SULPDU\VHGLPHQWDU\WKLQQLQJDQGKDVEHHQ WKLFNHQHGWHFWRQLFDOO\LQWKHKLQJHRIWKHIROGGXULQJIROGLQJDQGFOHDYDJHIRUPDWLRQ6RPHSUHVVXUHGLVVROXWLRQ LVHYLGHQWSDUDOOHOWRFOHDYDJHLQWKHOLPHVWRQHOD\HUEXWWKHFOHDYDJHLQWKHVODWHIRUPHGE\UHFU\VWDOOL]DWLRQDQG JURZWKRIOD\HUVRIYHU\¿QHJUDLQHGPLFDVSDUDOOHOWRWKHFOHDYDJH'HVSLWHWKLVDVHULHVRIDSSDUHQWO\RIIVHW OD\HUVSDUDOOHOWRFOHDYDJHZDVREVHUYHGKHUHVRPHWLPHDJRVXJJHVWLQJWKHFRQWURYHUVLDOSDVVLYHVOLSIROG PHFKDQLVPPLJKWKDYHRFFXUUHGKHUH )LJ %URZQ VWXGLHGVHYHUDORIWKHIROGVLQWKH:LOKLWH)RUPDWLRQDORQJ86+LJKZD\ QH[WWR &KLOKRZHH/DNHDQGFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKHUHPD\EHDVPXFKDVSHUFHQWÀDWWHQLQJLQWKHIROGV 19 Hatcher MH/RDH '04 Ojb 73 p ñ Pigeon Siltstone. Ojb TN Ojb t s u r h t ) f o o r ( y k o Zp m S t a e r G e n o t s e m i L Ojb o r o b s e n o J 73 e n o TN t s e m i L o r o b s e n o J Figure 9. Sketch of Cedar Bluff made from photographs. Ojb ñ Jonesboro Limestone (upper Knox Group). p Figure 9. Sketch of Cedar Bluff Original drawing by Libby Martin, 1986; electronic version Mark Hunter and RDH, 2004. Figure 12. Sketch of Cedar Bluff made from photographs (see Fig. 6). Ojb—Jonesboro Limestone (upper Knox Group). Zp—Pigeon Figure 12. Sketch of Cedar Bluff siltstone. Original drawing by Libby Martin, 1986; electronic graphic Mark Hunter and RDH, 2004. 20 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip Figure 13. Exposure of the Great Smoky fault on US 321 at the east end of Tuckaleechee Cove window. The light-colored Cove window. Tuckaleechee Figure 13. Exposure of the Great Smoky fault on US 321 at east end footwall rocks belong to the Knnox Group (here called Jonesboro Limestone), while hanging wall are clastic zone is rather thin and the rocks beneath The ffault belonging to one of the Precambrian or older Cambrian clastic units. The planar fabric in the hanging wall rocks is also an older relatively undeformed for a fault with 400 km of displacement. foliation. 21 Hatcher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aPWRWKH6( NOTE:,IUHTXHQWO\DVNWKHVWXGHQWVDVDJURXSWRQDPHDVPDQ\WHFWRQLFVWUXFWXUHVDVWKH\FDQREVHUYH here. &RQWLQXH:RQ86 SDVWWKHHQGRIWKH)RRWKLOOV3DUNZD\DQGSXOORYHURQWKHULJKWDWH[SRVXUHVMXVWSDVW WKHERDWUDPS STOP 10. Chilhowee Lake W of Foothills Parkway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À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¿UPWKHRYHUWXUQHGQDWXUHRIWKLVVHFWLRQ )LJ 0XOOLRQVIRUPHGDWVKDOHVLOWVWRQHEHGFRQWDFWV GHPRQVWUDWHWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHKLJKHUDQGORZHUYLVFRVLW\OD\HUVZLWKWKHPXOOLRQFXVSVSRLQWLQJLQWR WKHVLOWVWRQH/DUJHVOLFNHQOLQHVXUIDFHVDUHDOVRSUHVHQW &RQWLQXH:RQ86 WR&KLOKRZHH'DPDQGSDUNRQWKHOHIWMXVWEH\RQGWKHGDP 22 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip (a) (b) Figure 14. Recumbent fold in Wilhite Slate on U.S. 129 ALONG Chilhowee Lake. (a) View from perpendicular to the roadcut. (b) View parallel to the hinge of the fold. 23 Hatcher Figure 15. Folds of bedding developed parallel to slaty cleavage—passive slip folds? U.S. 129 on Chilhowee Lake. 24 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip nd other structures not visible in this view, provide hints that these rocks may be overturned. Figure 16. Interbedded fine sandstone and slate with a carbonate debris flow at the right side of the photo. The small fold, a Figure 16. Interbedded fine sandstone and slate with a carbonate debris flow at the right side of photo. 25 Hatcher STOP 11. Conglomerate at Chilhowee Dam PURPOSE:7RH[DPLQHVRPHFRPSOH[VHGLPHQWDU\GHSRVLWVWKDWSUREDEO\IRUPHGGXULQJWKH1HRSURWHUR]RLF :KDWLVDQDUPRUHGPXGEDOO" +RZZHUHWKHVHURFNVGHSRVLWHG" :KDWURFNW\SHVFDQ\RXLGHQWLI\LQWKHFODVWV" 7KLVVWRSGHVFULSWLRQLVPRGL¿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¿QHJUDLQHGDQGFRQVLVWRILPPDWXUHVLOLFDULFKVHGLPHQWV,QWKH HDVWHUQSRUWLRQRIWKLVRXWFURSTXDUW]VDQGVWRQHVDQGTXDUW]SHEEOHFRQJORPHUDWHFRPPRQO\H[KLELWZHOO GHYHORSHGDQGUHSHWLWLYHJUDGHGEHGGLQJ 7KHPXOWLSOHWUXQFDWLRQVRIGLIIHUHQWOLWKRORJLHVLQGLFDWHDQHQYLURQPHQWFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\LQWHQVHVXEPDULQH HURVLRQ7KHVWUDWDH[SRVHGLQWKHURDGFXWDUHLQWHUSUHWHGDVGHSRVLWVZLWKLQDIDQGHOWD End of Trip. Return to Maryville and Knoxville. REFERENCES CITED %R\HU6(DQG(OOLRWW' 7KUXVWV\VWHPV $PHULFDQ$VVRFLDWLRQRI3HWUROHXP*HRORJLVWV%XOOHWLQY S %URZQ$ 'HIRUPDWLRQLQWKH:LOKLWH)RUPDWLRQEHWZHHQWKH&DSVKDZ%UDQFKDQG0LOOHU&RYHIDXOWV *HRORJLFDO6RFLHW\RI$PHULFD$EVWUDFWVZLWK3URJUDPVYQRS ± +DWFKHU5'-U ,QWHUDFWLYHSURSHUW\RIODUJHWKUXVWVKHHWVZLWKIRRWZDOOURFNV²WKHVXEWKUXVWLQWHUDFWLYH GXSOH[K\SRWKHVLV $PHFKDQLVPRIGRPHIRUPDWLRQLQWKUXVWVKHHWV 7HFWRQRSK\VLFVY S± +DWFKHU5'-U 6WUXFWXUDO*HRORJ\ 3ULQFLSOHV&RQFHSWVDQG3UREOHPVQGHG 8SSHU6DGGOH5LYHU 1HZ-HUVH\3UHQWLFH+DOO,QF 3HDUVRQ S +DWFKHU5'-U3ULFH9-UDQG6QLSHV'6 $QDO\VLVRIFKHPLFDODQGSDOHRWHPSHUDWXUHGDWDIURP VHOHFWHGFDUERQDWHURFNVRIWKHVRXWKHUQ$SSDODFKLDQV 6RXWKHDVWHUQ*HRORJ\YS +DWFKHU5'-U&RVWHOOR-2DQG(GHOPDQ6+ 7KH6PRNLHV)RRWKLOOVGXSOH[DQGSRVVLEOH VLJQL¿FDQFHRIWKH*XHVV&UHHNIDXOW $FRUROODU\WRWKHPDSSLQJRI.LQJDQG1HXPDQ *HRORJLFDO6RFLHW\ RI$PHULFD$EVWUDFWVZLWK3URJUDPVYS +DWFKHU5'-U/HPLV]NL3-DQG:KLVQHU-%%RXQGDULHVDQGLQWHUQDOGHIRUPDWLRQLQWKHFXUYHG VRXWKHUQ$SSDODFKLDQIRUHODQGIROGWKUXVWEHOWin6HDUV-:+DUPV7DQG(YHQFKLFN&HGV:KHQFH WKH0RXQWDLQV",QTXLULHVLQWRWKH(YROXWLRQRI2URJHQLF6\VWHPV $9ROXPHLQ+RQRURI5D\PRQG$3ULFH *HRORJLFDO6RFLHW\RI$PHULFD6SHFLDO3DSHUS±'RL 26 Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip (a) (b) Figure 17. Sedimentological and structural features in roadcut across US 129 from Chilhowee Dam. (a) Slate pebbles with vein quartz pebbles stuck to them providing the appearance that the slate pebbles were mudballs when they were deposited and accreted pebbles suggesting they may have become armored. Orange-weathering clasts are carbonate. (b) Slate and carbonate cobbles in a matrix dominated by white vein quartz. Small dark objects in the limestone cobble are quartz grains, most of which are composed of clear quartz and may be frosted. 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Fault components, demonstrated by interested nuclear engineer.
Teaching Structural Geology, Geophysics, and Tectonics in the 21St Century Workshop: Blue Ridge Foothills Field Trip
