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Historic Resources of Great Smoky Mountains National Park Natl NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-001 B United States Department of the Interior (L(50 I 1.73 National Park Service (ovF-t1 National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (formerly 168). Complete each item by entering the requested information. X New Submission ----Amended Submission ~lEtGlEO \W lE~ A. N arne of Multiple Property Listing OCT 14 2016 Historic Resources of Great Smoky Mountains National Park Natl. Reg . of Historic Places National Park Se rvice B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) 1. Settlement and Community Development in the Great Smoky Mountains, 1790-1933 2. Extractive Industries in the Great Smoky Mountains, 1820-1944 3. Recreation and Tourism in the Great Smoky Mountains, 1900-1942 4. The Initial Development of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 1926-1942 5. Early National Park Service Preservation Philosophy, ca. 1930-1960 6. Mission 66 Era ofNational Park Service Planning and Development, 1945-1972 C. Form Prepared by: name/title Stephen Olausen/Sr. Architectural Historian, John Daly/Sr. Industrial Historian, Laura Kline/ Architectural Historian organization The Public Archaeology Laboratory, Inc. (PAL) street & number 26 Main Street city or town Pawtucket state RI zip code 02860 e-mail [email protected] telephone 401-728-8780 date April 2016 D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation. Title State or Federal Agency or Tribal government I hereby certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for li ing in the Nation· I Reg· tcr_ 1/-z~-2-Pit, Date of Action United States Department of the Interior National Park Service I National Register of Historic Places Registration Form OMB No 1024-0018 Historic Resources of the Great Smoky Mountains Tennessee & North Carolina National Park State Name of Multiple PropertyListing The Historic Resources of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Multiple Property Submission is a sound basis for evaluating and nominating properties under the historic contexts provided. Commenting/Concurring Official ~~~ Claudette Stager DSHPO Date NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Historic Resources of Great Smoky Mountains National Park North Carolina and Tennessee Name of Multiple Property Listing State Table of Contents for Written Narrative Create a Table of Contents and list the page numbers for each of these sections in the space below. Provide narrative explanations for each of these sections on continuation sheets. In the header of each section, cite the letter, page number, and name of the multiple property listing. Refer to How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form for additional guidance. Page Numbers E. Statement of Historic Contexts (If more than one historic context is documented, present them in sequential order.) 1. Settlement and Community Development in the Great Smoky Mountains, 1790-1933 2. Extractive Industries in the Great Smoky Mountains, 1820-1944 3. Recreation and Tourism in the Great Smoky Mountains, 1900-1942 4. The Initial Development of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 1926-1942 5. Early National Park Service Preservation Philosophy, ca. 1930-1960 6. Mission 66 Era of National Park Service Planning and Development, 1945-1972 F. Associated Property Types (Provide description, significance, and registration requirements.) 1. Farm steads 2. Churches and Schools 3. Mills 4. Lumber and Mining Resources 5. Tourist Developments 6. Administrative and Public Contact Facilities 7. Campgrounds and Picnic Areas 8. Road Systems 9. Bridges and Culverts 10. Fire and Lookout Towers 11. Outdoor Field Museums G. Geographical Data H. Summary of Identification and Evaluation Methods (Discuss the methods used in developing the multiple property listing.) I. Major Bibliographical References (List major written works and primary location of additional documentation: State Historic Preservation Office, other State agency, Federal agency, local government, university, or other, specifYing repository.) Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 250 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, PO Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. 2 NPS Fonn 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Historic Resources of Great Smoky Mountains National Park North Carolina and Tennessee Name of Multiple Property Listing State E. STATEMENT OF HISTORIC CONTEXTS Summary Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Great Smoky Mountains NP) is one of the nation's most important recreational resources and is a designated International Biosphere Reserve ( 1976) and World Heritage Site (1983 ). Each year more than nine million people visit the park, which occupies more than a half million acres of land in portions of Blount, Sevier, and Cocke counties in Tennessee and Swain and Haywood counties in North Carolina. The nearest sizable cities are Knoxville, Tennessee, and Asheville, North Carolina. The geography of the Smokies had a profound influence on settlement and living patterns. Archeological investigations have produced evidence of human occupation that extends back about 9,000 years. Woodland Period sites discovered in the park indicate that some of the earliest organized horticulture in North America occurred along its river floodplains. At the time of European contact, the area was inhabited by the Cherokee Indians. The white pioneers who explored and settled the Smokies in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century initially occupied the more fertile lands of the lower foothills and valleys and moved farther upward into the mountains only after the other lands were already taken. The rugged topography and poor soils of the uplands forced the settlers to adopt a "farm-and-forest" household economy that combined market-oriented husbandry and limited agriculture with subsistence activities such as hunting, fishing, and small plot farming. Resources related to the distinctive Southern Appalachian Mountain culture that evolved in these circumstances are preserved in the park through its impressive collection of log houses and wood-frame churches, stores, and agricultural processing buildings. During the early twentieth century, logging operations and other forms of extractive industry threatened to destroy the vast forests that covered the mountains. In the 1920s, preservationists in North Carolina and Tennessee joined together to advocate for the creation of a national park to protect what remained. Great Smoky Mountains National Park was authorized by legislation passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by President Calvin Coolidge on May 22, 1926 and President Franklin D. Roosevelt officially dedicated the park on September 2, 1940. The facilities constructed by the National Park Service (NPS) in the 1930s and 1940s to accommodate its new recreational function reflect the prevailing NPS landscape and architectural design principles that initially were developed and applied at the western national parks. The Park Service's Mission 66 program, which introduced a new design precept based on modem architecture (termed Park Service Modem) into the National Park System, added another layer of historical development in the early 1960s. A recent Historic Resources Study (HRS) for Great Smoky Mountains NP identified more than 400 historic resources associated with one or more of the following significant historic contexts: 3 NPS Fonn 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Historic Resources of Great Smoky Mountains National Park North Carolina and Tennessee Name of Multiple Property Listing State • Settlement and Community Development in the Great Smoky Mountains, 1790-1933; • Extractive Industries in the Great Smoky Mountains, 1820-1944; • Recreation and Tourism in the Great Smoky Mountains, 1900-1942; • The Initial Development of Great Smoky
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