Van Dyck's hosts in Genoa: Lucas and Cornells de Wad's lives, business activities and works

Alison Stoesser

BREPOLS CONTENTS

Volume 1. Text

Foreword 13

Introduction 17

Chapter 1. Genoa and Antwerp 2 5 Trading relations between Genoa and Flanders 28 Flemish art in Genoa 29 Organization of art markets in Antwerp and Genoa 30

Chapter 2. Lives of Lucas and Cornelis de Wael 39 Lucas de Wael 40 Cornelis de Wael 45 Jan Baptist de Wael 58 Antoon de Wael 58

Chapter 3. Lucas and Cornelis de Wael as dealers 61 Part 1. Marketing activities in general 61 The Moretus family and book publishing in Antwerp in the first half of the 17th century 62 The art and cabinet dealers Matthijs Musson and Maria Fourmenois 63 The Carati di Mare shipping registers in Genoa 64 The Moretuses' association with Lucas and Cornelis de Wael 64 Clients of Lucas and Cornelis de Wael 70

CONTENTS 7 Payment to the Moretuses 70 Shipping of books 70 Other goods sold to the Moretuses by Lucas and Cornelis 71 Other transactions 71 Matthijs Musson's ledger of transactions with Cornelis de Wael 72 Direct business transactions between Cornelis and Musson 72 Transactions on behalf of family members 74 Transactions with friends and business associates 75 Social commitments 77 The Carati di Mare records in Genoa - Cornelis's transactions 78 Cornelis de Wael as agent for private collectors 79 Antwerp 79 Genoa 81 Messina 81 Naples 83 Palermo 84 Rome 84 Venice 84 Inventory of Cornelis de Wad's estate, 2 May 1667 84 Part 2. Marketing of own works by Lucas and Cornelis de Wael 87 Lucas de Wael 87 Cornelis de Wael 89 Antwerp 89 Genoa 90 Mantua 98 Amsterdam 98 Rome 99 Venice 104 Austria 105 France 106 Spain 106 Summary 107

Chapter 4. The works of Lucas de Wael 109 Collaboration with other artists 117 Summary 119

Chapter 5. The works of Cornelis de Wael and his artistic development 121 Autograph works 122 Starting points for autography and chronology 122

8 CONTENTS Characteristics 124 Subject matter 124 Figures 126 Animals 128 Chronology of paintings 128 Early period until 1630 128 Middle period, 1630-1649 130 Late period, 1650-1667 130 Collaboration with other artists 131 Sizes and supports 132 Land battle and military camp paintings 133 Review of development — land battle and camp scenes 145 Influence of land battle and camp scenes 147 Naval battles 148 Harbour scenes 153 Review - naval battles and harbour scenes 154 Influence of naval battles and harbour scenes 155 History pieces 156 Parable of the Prodigal Son series 157 Influence of the Parable of the Prodigal Son series 163 Review — Parable of the Prodigal Son series 165 Seven Works of Mercy series 166 Influence of the Seven Works of Mercy series 173 Triumph of King David 173 Massacre of the Innocents 174 Martyrdom of St. Stephen 174 Mythological themes 175 Scenes of daily life 175 Festive occasions 176 Carnival 178 Peasant scenes 179 Landscape 181 Drawings 182 Characteristics 182 Chronology 185 Early period until the 1630s 185 Middle period, 1640-1649 186 Late period, 1650-1667 186 Influences 187 Prints 187 The Miserable Fate of the Blind and Paupers 191 The Trades 193

CONTENTS 9 Scenes of Daily Life 194 Slaves and sailors 199 Four Seasons 201 Five Senses 201 Review — prints 201 Influence of prints 202 Cornelis's workshop and work method 203 Realism in Cornelis's works 206 Final commentary 206

Notes to the text 209

Appendices Appendix A. Printed biographies of Lucas and Cornelis de Wael 277 Appendix B. Archival documents 285 Appendix C. Balthasar Moretus archives 335 Appendix D. Musson-De Wael ledgers, 1661-1667 367 Appendix E. ASG. Carati di Mare 377 Appendix F. Lucas and Cornelis - Abbreviations, currencies, units of measurement 387 Notes to appendices 391

Tables Table 1. Jan de Wad's line 401 Table 2. Cornelis Cornelisz. de Wael's line and the Fourmenois connection 402 Table 3- De Jode and Van den Eynden families 403 Table 4. Brueghel and Janssens/Goetkint families 404 Table 5. Snellinck family 405

Bibliography 407

10 CONTENTS Volume 2. Catalogue entries

Catalogue of Lucas de Wad's works 499 Paintings 500 Collaboration with other artists 502 Drawings 502 Rejected attributions 503 Paintings 503 Drawings 510 Etchings 513 Untraced and lost works 513

Catalogue of Cornelis de Wael's works 517 Paintings 518 Drawings 568 Etchings and Engravings 598 Rejected attributions 618 Paintings 618 Drawings 636 Etchings and Engravings 653 Untraced and lost works 654 Paintings 654 Drawings 696

Notes to the catalogue 715

Illustrations 725 Colour plates 727 Lucas de Wael 759 Cornelis de Wael — Paintings 777 Cornelis de Wael - Drawings 853 Cornelis de Wael — Etchings and engravings 900

Figures 930

Index I. Paintings, drawings & prints by location 969

Index II. Names & Places 977

CONTENTS 11