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The Carter - Jenkins Center presents Daniel Benveniste, Ph.D. Libido Development and Cultural Evolution Part III

From the Paleolithic to Civilization, From Infancy to Adolescence

Daniel Benveniste, Ph.D. Charles Darwin and Sigmund Freud Geza Roheim John Weir Perry Infantile Autism Brief Psychotic Disorder Early Infancy Adolescence Myth of Death and Rebirth Myth of Sacral Kingship Ancient Funerary Ritual Ancient New Year’s Festival UPPER PALEOLITHIC BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION Erik H. Erikson Psychosexual

Psychosocial

Psychospiritual ◼ Physical origin of universe 13.7 billion years ago ◼ Physical origin of the earth 4.54 billion years ago ◼ Evidence of live on earth 3.8+ billion years ago ◼ Invertebrates dominate the seas 505 million years ago ◼ Fish dominate; first amphibians 410 million years ago ◼ First -like reptiles 290 million years ago ◼ First dinosaurs 245 million years ago ◼ & birds diversify 145 million years ago ◼ Earliest appear 65 million years ago ◼ Prosimians flourish 54 million years ago ◼ Spider monkey 40 million years ago ◼ Monkeys, early apes 34 million years ago ◼ The gibbon, siamang and proconsul 19 million years ago ◼ Orangutan and 16 million years ago ◼ Oranopithecus and dryopithecus 14 million years ago ◼ Gorilla 9 million years ago ◼ Chimpanzee 6 million years ago ◼ Chimpanzee 6 million years ago ◼ tchadensis 7 - 6 million years ago ◼ tugenensis 6 million years ago ◼ kadabba 5.8 – 5.2 million years ago ◼ ramidus 4.5 – 4.3 million years ago ◼ 4 - 8million years ago ◼ Australopithecus anamensis 4.2 – 3.9 million years ago ◼ Australopithecus afarensis 3.9 – 3 million years ago ◼ Kenyanthropus platyops 3.5 million years ago ◼ Australopithecus africanus 2.8 – 2.3 million years ago ◼ Australopithecus aethiopicus 2.7 – 2.3 million years ago ◼ Stone Tools 2.6 million years ago ◼ 2.5 million years ago ◼ rudolfensis 2.3 – 1.9 million years ago ◼ 2..3 – 1.6 million years ago ◼ Australopithecus boisei 2.3 – 1.4 million years ago ◼ Australopithecus robustus 2 – 1.5 million years ago ◼ Substantial brain expansion 2 million years ago ◼ 1.8 – 1.5 million years ago ◼ 1,700,000– 40,000 years ago ◼ 800,000 years ago ◼ 700,000 – 200,000 years ago ◼ Fire use 790,000 years ago ◼ Controlled fire use 380,000 - 465,000 years ago ◼ Homo neanderthalensis 200,000 – 30,000 years ago ◼ Cannibalism 155,000 years ago ◼ Homo sapiens 200,000 years ago –> ◼ Funerary ritual 90,000 years ago ◼ Homo floriensis 74,000 – 12,000 years ago ◼ Shanidar burial 60,000 years ago ◼ UPPER PALEOLITHIC 40,000 years ago ◼ Funerary ritual, ritual cannibalism, amulets, skull worship, statuettes of female body, art,

◼ age begins 10,000 years ago ◼ Sacrifices, permanent houses, , of plants and , clay mother figurines, bow and

◼ HIGH NEOLITHIC 7,000 years ago ◼ Earthworks, stone monuments, metallurgy, storm gods

◼ BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION 5,500 years ago ◼ Writing, , calendar, kingship, city states, occupational specialization, large scale organized warfare

◼ UPPER PALEOLITHIC 40,000 years ago ◼ Funerary ritual, ritual cannibalism, amulets, skull worship, statuettes of female body, cave art,

◼ NEOLITHIC 10,000 years ago ◼ Sacrifices, permanent houses, pottery, domestication of plants and animals, clay mother figurines,

◼ HIGH NEOLITHIC 7,000 years ago ◼ Earthworks, stone monuments, metallurgy, storm gods

◼ BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION 5,500 years ago ◼ Writing, wheel, calendar, kingship, city states, occupational specialization, large scale organized warfare

Cave bear skull mounted on a rock, inside a cave, by Paleolithic people Chauvet Cave Paintings Cave Paintings

Round house evidence and burials beneath the floors Ancient Sacrifice: Stone in the thorax of a reindeer at the bottom of a lake

Pre-Colombian Venezuelan Mother Figure

Serpent Mound Part of a Stonehenge Smelting copper Raising the Maypole

Father and Son: The King-God and the God-King The circular plan of the kingdom patterned after the kingdom in heaven. Iran. ◼ Death ◼ Oneness ◼ Oral stage - Upper Paleolithic - myth of death and rebirth – funerary ritual – mother goddess ◼ Narcissus – narcissism - Trust vs. mistrust

◼ Separation ◼ Twoness ◼ Anal stage – Neolithic - myth of the separation of the opposites – sacrifice – mother goddess and child/ ◼ Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

◼ Conflict ◼ Threeness ◼ Phallic stage – High Neolithic - myth of the hero’s cosmic conflict – harvest festival – mother earth and sky god ◼ Oedipus complex - Initiative vs. guilt and vs. inferiority

◼ Transformation ◼ Fourness ◼ Genital stage – Birth of civilization - myth of sacral kingship – ancient new year’s festival – King-God and God-King ◼ Identity vs. identity confusion ◼ Death ◼ Oneness ◼ Oral stage - Upper Paleolithic - myth of death and rebirth – funerary ritual – mother goddess ◼ Narcissus – narcissism - Trust vs. Mistrust ◼ Soul – spirit – demon - anima – amulet – cannibalism – mouth – swallowing - ancestor spirit – hunter- gathering – nomadism – wandering – chaos– timelessness – uroborus – whole and unto itself – bliss – grace - undifferentiated – integral consciousness – paradise - hell - suffering – thirst – hunger – darkness – night – cave – void –womb-tomb – sarcophagus - coffin – nigredo – massa confusa - union - descent – water – parthenogenic mother ◼ Separation ◼ Twoness ◼ Anal stage – Neolithic - myth of the separation of the opposites – sacrifice – mother goddess and child/animal ◼ Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt ◼ House – boundaries – limits – fence – pot – – - oven – bread – agriculture – domestication of animals – village walls – ceramics – clay – mud – trade – money –mother and child – in and out – now and then – here and there –bow and arrow – duality – the center – seed – garden – cornerstone – baby – navel – temenos – temple – mother goddess and son-lover – the dying god – death and resurrection – birth. ◼ Conflict ◼ Threeness ◼ Phallic stage – High Neolithic - myth of the hero’s cosmic conflict – harvest festival – mother earth and sky god ◼ Oedipus complex - Initiative vs. Guilt and Industry vs. Inferiority ◼ Phallic images – stone monuments - pillars – trees – poles – fire – metallurgy – ascension – sex and fertility – fighting – conflict – battle between opposites – apotheosis – theft of fire – theft – war – inflation – ladder – bridge – rainbow – – thread - hammer – – thunder bolt – rising smoke or anything rising – witch - dragon – flying – sky – sun – foot – finger - plough – damsel in distress – heroic quest – ambition – striving – – scepter. ◼ Transformation

◼ Fourness

◼ Genital stage – Birth of civilization - myth of sacral kingship – ancient new year’s festival – King-God

◼ Identity vs. Identity confusion

◼ Writing – calendar – vision – order – cosmos – the ordered world - hieratic city states – kingship – large scale organized warfare - logos – quadrated image – fourfold order of the world - crown – marriage – heaven on earth – goal achieved – initiation - marriage - new year – end of the old way, beginning of the new way – death of the king, birth of the king – top of the mountain – royal couple – gold – a new world. ◼ Death ◼ Oneness ◼ Oral stage - Upper Paleolithic - myth of death and rebirth – funerary ritual – mother goddess ◼ Narcissus – narcissism - Trust vs. Mistrust

◼ Separation ◼ Twoness ◼ Anal stage – Neolithic - myth of the separation of the opposites – sacrifice – mother goddess and child/animal ◼ Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

◼ Conflict ◼ Threeness ◼ Phallic stage – High Neolithic - myth of the hero’s cosmic conflict – harvest festival – mother earth and sky god ◼ Oedipus complex - Initiative vs. Guilt and Industry vs. Inferiority

◼ Transformation ◼ Fourness ◼ Genital stage – Birth of civilization - myth of sacral kingship – ancient new year’s festival – King-God and God-King ◼ Identity vs. Identity confusion

Libido Development and Cultural Evolution Part III

From the Paleolithic to Civilization, From Infancy to Adolescence

Daniel Benveniste, Ph.D. A Carter - Jenkins Center production The End copyright 2008