DOCSLIB.ORG

University of New South Wales 2005 UNIVERSITY of NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Project Report Sheet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of New South Wales 2005 UNIVERSITY of NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Project Report Sheet BÜRGERTUM OHNE RAUM: German Liberalism and Imperialism, 1848-1884, 1918-1943. Matthew P Fitzpatrick A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of New South Wales 2005 UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Project Report Sheet Surname or Family name: Fitzpatrick First name: Matthew Other name/s: Peter Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD. School: History Faculty: Arts Title: Bürgertum Ohne Raum: German Liberalism and Imperialism 1848-1884, 1918-1943. Abstract This thesis situates the emergence of German imperialist theory and praxis during the nineteenth century within the context of the ascendancy of German liberalism. It also contends that imperialism was an integral part of a liberal sense of German national identity. It is divided into an introduction, four parts and a set of conclusions. The introduction is a methodological and theoretical orientation. It offers an historiographical overview and places the thesis within the broader historiographical context. It also discusses the utility of post-colonial theory and various theories of nationalism and nation-building. Part One examines the emergence of expansionism within liberal circles prior to and during the period of 1848/ 49. It examines the consolidation of expansionist theory and political practice, particularly as exemplified in the Frankfurt National Assembly and the works of Friedrich List. Part Two examines the persistence of imperialist theorising and praxis in the post-revolutionary era. It scrutinises the role of liberal associations, civil society, the press and the private sector in maintaining expansionist energies up until the 1884 decision to establish state-protected colonies. Part Three focuses on the cultural transmission of imperialist values through the sciences, media and fiction. In examines in particular the role of geographical journals and societies and of the periodical Die Gartenlaube. Part Four discusses the post World War I era, and examines liberal attempts to revive German imperialism, within the context of a refusal to accept the Versailles settlement. It also delineates points of convergence and divergence between Nazi and liberal imperialisms. This is followed by a summation of the evidence and arguments, in which it is concluded that the liberal narration of German national identity was predicated both on the objectification of colonised lands and attempts to emulate and ultimately rival British imperial power. Declaration relating to disposition of project report/thesis I am fully aware of the policy of the University relating to the retention and use of higher degree project reports and theses, namely that the University retains the copies submitted for examination and is free to allow them to be consulted or borrowed. Subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968, the University may issue a project report or thesis in whole or in part, in photostat or microfilm or other copying medium. I also authorise the publication by University Microfilms of a 350 word abstract in Dissertation Abstracts International (applicable to doctorates only). .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... Signature Witness Date The University recognises that there may be exceptional circumstances requiring restrictions on copying or conditions on use. Requests for restriction for a period of up to 2 years must be made in writing to the Registrar. Requests for a longer period of restriction may be considered in exceptional circumstances if accompanied by a letter of support from the Supervisor or Head of School. Such requests must be submitted with the thesis/project report. FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Date of completion of requirements for Award Registrar and Deputy Principal THIS SHEET IS TO BE GLUED TO THE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THE THESIS “ ... Die germanische Race ist von der Vorsehung bestimmt, die Weltherrschaft zu führen. Sie ist physisch und geistig vor allen andern bevorzugt, und die halbe Erde ist ihr fast unterthan. England, Amerika, Deutschland, das sind die drei Zweige des mächtigen germanischen Baumes, der auf den Hochebenen Asiens gekeimt, im Herzen Europas Wurzel getrieben hat, und unter dessen Schatten einst die ganze Erde ruhen wird.”1 1 Wochen-Blatt des Nationalvereins. (WB). No.23. 7th Sept. 1865.p.183. “Die deutsche Seemannsschule in Hamburg in ihrer Bedeutung für die Zukunfts-Marine Deutschlands.” ii Contents Acknowledgements v List of Abbreviations vi Introduction 1 Part One. A Liberal Empire for a Liberal Nation. 1. National Unification and Overseas Expansion: Germany’s Liberal Imperialists at the Frankfurt Assembly of 1848 – 1849. 41 2. Mythopoesis – The Establishment of Imperialism as a Liberal Discourse of Nationhood and the Reification of the Tropes of Imperialist Discourse. 80 Part Two. Reconstituting the Oneiric Empire in the ‘Post-Liberal’ Era. 3. Tending the Flame: The ‘Retreat and Return’ of Liberal Imperialist Praxis 1849-1884. ‘Informal’ Empire and Private Sector Imperialism. 119 4. Tending the Flame: The ‘Retreat and Return’ of Liberal Imperialist Politics 1849-1884. Bürgerlich Agency and the World of the Verein. 160 5. Bismarck and the Socio-Political Context of the Colonial ‘Umschwung.’ 184 Part Three. Embourgeoisement and the Texts of Imperialism – The Consolidation of Cultural Hegemony and Liberal Expansionism 1849 – 1884. 6. Scientific Discourse as Imperialist Discourse. The Political and Geographic Sciences and Liberal Imperialism. 214 iii 7. Popular Culture and the Transmission of Imperialist Values – Die Gartenlaube and Colonial Fiction. 277 Part Four. Reviving Lost Dreams: Liberal Imperialism Between the Wars. 8. Hans Grimm and the Liberal Sense of National Exile. 321 9. The Broader Post 1918 Imperialist Movement – Heinrich Schnee and the Kolonialgesellschaft. 347 Conclusion 373 Bibliography 388 iv Acknowledgements There are numerous people who have assisted me throughout this project and who deserve my heartfelt thanks: To begin with, thank you to my postgraduate colleagues, Nevenko Bartulin, Susie Protschky, Sally Cove, Ed McMahon, Peter Dean and Sacha Davis for their help in creating a scholarly critical mass. Thanks are also due to my supervisor Günter Minnerup, who has spent a great deal of time ensuring that my ideas did not go unchallenged. Thanks as well to Andrew Bonnell, Dirk A Moses, John Milfull, Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann, Horst Gründer and Pamela Katsch, who have read and commented upon parts or the whole of this work in its various stages. The errors, inconsistencies and flaws that remain are of course my own. The financial support offered by the School of History at the University of New South Wales in the form of an Australian Postgraduate Award, as well as the generous support of the German Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst have contributed materially to my ability to complete any research whatsoever, whilst the pleasant and helpful staff at the Bundesarchiv in Koblenz and Berlin, das Geheime Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin, the Staatsarchiv Hamburg, the Niedersächsisches Staatsarchiv in Wolfenbüttel and the Institut für Zeitungsforschung in Dortmund have ensured that I have had something novel to write about. This work is dedicated to Natasha Grundy, and Ethan, Peter and Elaine Fitzpatrick, for their love and support. v List of Abbreviations BA Bundesarchiv CEH Central European History DDP Deutsche Demokratische Partei DG Die Gartenlaube DKG Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft DKZ Deutsche Kolonialzeitung DNVP Deutschnationale Volkspartei DVP Deutsche Volkspartei GstA PK Geheimes Staatsarchiv, Preußischer Kulturbesitz IMT International Military Tribunal JMH Journal of Modern History Korag Koloniale Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft Mittheilungen Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes’ geographischer Anstalt über wichtige neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie NSDAP Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei NsSA Niedersachsisches Staatsarchiv RKB Reichskolonialbund StA Hamburg Staatsarchiv Hamburg SPD Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands WB Wochen-Blatt des Nationalvereins WS Wochenschrift des Nationalvereins vi Introduction Midway through the second volume of his magisterial study of German history, Thomas Nipperdey embarked upon his explanation of German colonial history. Somewhat apologetically, he announced “Hier muß nun kurz von den Kolonien die Rede sein.”1 What followed was a three and a quarter page sketch of the nature of German rule in the African colonies, the sole theme of which was that Germany’s colonial history was a short-lived, largely unimportant era in the history of the German nation. Neither particularly successful nor unsuccessful when seen against the background of the experience of other, more dynamic, colonial powers such as Britain and France, for Nipperdey, Germany’s colonies lay well outside of the main narrative of German history, as an insignificant social experiment devoid of social or historical origins or effects. In 1975, Wolfgang J Mommsen described imperialism as a late nineteenth century phenomenon that marked the “Sündenfall des Liberalismus.” German liberals, he claimed, had allowed “die Verfremdung der liberalen Idee durch die imperialistische Ideologie…” during the 1880s.2 According to Mommsen, apart 1 T Nipperdey. Deutsche Geschichte 1866-1918. 2. Band: Machtstaat vor der Demokratie. Verlag C.H. Beck, München, 1992.p.286ff. 2 WJ Mommsen. “Wandlungen der
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Im Spannungsfeld Von Katholizismus, Welfentum Und Preußisch-Bismarckschem Machtstreben
    Im Spannungsfeld von Katholizismus, Welfentum und preußisch-bismarckschem Machtstreben. Die Entwicklung Ludwig Windthorsts zum Gegenspieler Bismarcks vor dem Hintergrund des Aufstiegs Preußens zur Großmacht bis zum Beginn des Kulturkampfes Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) durch die Philosophische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Vorgelegt von Georg Arnold aus Mönchengladbach Erstgutachter: Prof. em. Dr. Karl-Egon Lönne Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Hans Hecker Drittgutachter: Prof. Dr. Gerd Krumeich Tag der Disputation: 24. Januar 2006 D 61 Düsseldorfer Philosophische Dissertation 2 Danksagung und zugleich Widmung Es ist mir eine angenehme Pflicht, an dieser Stelle jenen Menschen zu danken, die mich und diese Arbeit begleitet und in vielfältiger Weise unterstützt haben. Mein besonders tief empfundener Dank gilt meinem Doktorvater Herrn Prof. em. Dr. Karl-Egon Lönne, der mir nicht nur bei fachlichen Problemen sehr geholfen hat, sondern mir durch seine persönliche Begleitung eine wertvolle Stütze war. Leider ist Herr Prof. Lönne kurz vor meiner Disputation erkrankt. Ich danke Herrn Prof. Dr. Hans Hecker, dass er an seiner Stelle die Prüfung geleitet hat. Danken möchte ich denjenigen Mitarbeitern in den Bibliotheken und Archiven, die mich freundlich aufgenommen haben und mir mit Rat und Tat zur Seite standen. Namentlich hervorheben möchte ich Herrn Krischanitz aus dem Hauptstaatsarchiv Hannover. Bedanken möchte ich mich ferner bei SKH Prinz Ernst August von Hannover für die Erlaubnis, im privaten Hausarchiv der Welfenfamilie zu arbeiten, und bei Generaloberin Schwester Wiltrudis für den Zugang zum Klosterarchiv des Augustinerinnenklosters in Neuss. Gerne würde ich an dieser Stelle alle erwähnen, die mir in der zurückliegenden Zeit halfen, aber diese Liste wäre zu lang.
    [Show full text]
  • State and Local Immigration Regulation in the United States Before 1882
    BENJAMIN J. KLEBANER STATE AND LOCAL IMMIGRATION REGULATION IN THE UNITED STATES BEFORE 1882 The absence of significant federal regulation in the area of immigration legislation until 1882 1 no more denotes a laissez-faire approach in this area than in many other aspects of American economic life. For many generations Congress had left the task of regulating the immigrant stream to the states and localities.2 The first general federal law (1882) is best understood in the context of antecedent activity on the local level. Eventually most of the seaboard states, including many without an important passenger traffic, enacted statutes dealing with immi- gration. Table I presents a brief outline of their essential features. After a consideration of certain aspects of the provisions of these laws, their administration in the major seaports will be surveyed. It will then be shown how the increasing opposition by business inter- ests to state legislation, culminating in decisions by the Supreme Court declaring such regulation unconstitutional, eventually paved the way for the 1882 Act of Congress. I. THE STATUTORY BACKGROUND Nine of the thirteen colonies reflected in their enactments the desire to protect the community from the burden of foreigners likely to 1 Federal space and sanitation requirements, however, date back to 1819. Federal legis- lation is conveniently compiled in U.S. Immigration Commission, Reports, vol. XXXIX (Washington, 1911). Cf. John Higham, Strangers in the Land (New Brunswick, N. J.; Rutgers University Press, 1955), p. 44. This article does not discuss legislation enacted in a number of states which barred foreign convicts. - The author acknowledges with gratitude the many helpful suggestions made by Professor Carter Goodrich, who super- vised his doctoral thesis "Public Poor Relief in America, 1790-1860" (Columbia University, 1952) from which much of the material for this article is taken.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the Pacific Islands
    A HISTORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS I. C. Campbell A HISTORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS Thi s One l N8FG-03S-LXLD A History of the Pacific Islands I. C. CAMPBELL University of California Press Berkeley • Los Angeles Copyrighted material © 1989 I. C. Campbell Published in 1989 in the United States of America by the University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles All rights reserved. Apart from any fair use for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, no part whatsoever may by reproduced by any process without the express written permission of the author and the University of California Press. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Campbell, LC. (Ian C), 1947- A history of the Pacific Islands / LC. Campbell, p. cm. "First published in 1989 by the University of Canterbury Press, Christchurch, New Zealand" — T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-520-06900-5 (alk. paper). — ISBN 0-520-06901-3 (pbk. alk. paper) 1. Oceania — History. I. Title DU28.3.C35 1990 990 — dc20 89-5235 CIP Typographic design: The Caxton Press, Christchurch, New Zealand Cover design: Max Hailstone Cartographer: Tony Shatford Printed by: Kyodo-Shing Loong Singapore C opy righted m ateri al 1 CONTENTS List of Maps 6 List of Tables 6 A Note on Orthography and Pronunciation 7 Preface. 1 Chapter One: The Original Inhabitants 13 Chapter Two: Austronesian Colonization 28 Chapter Three: Polynesia: the Age of European Discovery 40 Chapter Four: Polynesia: Trade and Social Change 57 Chapter Five: Polynesia: Missionaries and Kingdoms
    [Show full text]
  • GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, and the RECONSTRUCTION of CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented In
    NEW CITIZENS: GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alison Clark Efford, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Doctoral Examination Committee: Professor John L. Brooke, Adviser Approved by Professor Mitchell Snay ____________________________ Adviser Professor Michael L. Benedict Department of History Graduate Program Professor Kevin Boyle ABSTRACT This work explores how German immigrants influenced the reshaping of American citizenship following the Civil War and emancipation. It takes a new approach to old questions: How did African American men achieve citizenship rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments? Why were those rights only inconsistently protected for over a century? German Americans had a distinctive effect on the outcome of Reconstruction because they contributed a significant number of votes to the ruling Republican Party, they remained sensitive to European events, and most of all, they were acutely conscious of their own status as new American citizens. Drawing on the rich yet largely untapped supply of German-language periodicals and correspondence in Missouri, Ohio, and Washington, D.C., I recover the debate over citizenship within the German-American public sphere and evaluate its national ramifications. Partisan, religious, and class differences colored how immigrants approached African American rights. Yet for all the divisions among German Americans, their collective response to the Revolutions of 1848 and the Franco-Prussian War and German unification in 1870 and 1871 left its mark on the opportunities and disappointments of Reconstruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    BIBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL ISSUES RELIGIONS AND PHILOSOPHY FIORANI, ELEONORA. Friedrich Engels e il materialismo dialettico. Feltrinelli Editore, Milano 1971. 272 pp. L. 3000. Engels's Anti-Diihring, Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy and Dialectics of Nature are the writings most elaborated upon by the author, who, refuting efforts to draw a line between Marx and Engels as regards their later followers, stresses Engels's contribution to Marxism. She argues that his contribution to dialectical materialism is still important for a clarification of topical issues, and makes some comments on the vicissitudes of diamat in the USSR. A chronology of Engels's life and an annotated bibliography are appended. HARTMANN, KLAUS. Die Marxsche Theorie. Eine philosophische Unter- suchung zu den Hauptschriften. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin 1970. xii, 593 pp. DM 78.00. The author of this learned study undertakes a re-appraisal of Marx's theory from a purely philosophical angle. He criticizes Popper's theses (and lack of understanding of Hegelianism), but his own refutation of Marxian views brings him closer to Popper's. It is denied that a dialectical process going on in reality could justifiably be made to fit in the chain of historical necessity. Besides Marx's more philosophical writings all his major works, especially Capital, come up for discussion. Interesting are the comments on Marxist and non-Marxist evaluations of our time (Sartre, Habermas etc.). WILDERMUTH, ARMIN. Marx und die Verwirklichung der Philosophic. Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag 1970. xii, 852 pp. (in 2 vols.) Hfl. 90.00. "The synthetic unity [of inter-subjective and object-related communications] constitutes the indissoluble process of the 'social movement', the total process of human self-reproduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany from Luther to Bismarck
    University of California at San Diego HIEU 132 GERMANY FROM LUTHER TO BISMARCK Fall quarter 2009 #658659 Class meets Tuesdays and Thursdays from 2 until 3:20 in Warren Lecture Hall 2111 Professor Deborah Hertz Humanities and Social Science Building 6024 534 5501 Readers of the papers and examinations: Ms Monique Wiesmueller, [email protected]. Office Hours: Wednesdays 1:30 to 3 and by appointment CONTACTING THE PROFESSOR Please do not contact me by e-mail, but instead speak to me before or after class or on the phone during my office hour. I check the mailbox inside of our web site regularly. In an emergency you may contact the assistant to the Judaic Studies Program, Ms. Dorothy Wagoner at [email protected]; 534 4551. CLASSROOM ETIQUETTE. Please do not eat in class, drinks are acceptable. Please note that you should have your laptops, cell phones, and any other devices turned off during class. Students do too much multi-tasking for 1 the instructor to monitor. Try the simple beauty of a notebook and a pen. If so many students did not shop during class, you could enjoy the privilege of taking notes on your laptops. Power point presentations in class are a gift to those who attend and will not be available on the class web site. Attendance is not taken in class. Come to learn and to discuss. Class texts: All of the texts have been ordered with Groundworks Books in the Old Student Center and have been placed on Library Reserve. We have a systematic problem that Triton Link does not list the Groundworks booklists, but privileges the Price Center Bookstore.
    [Show full text]
  • Karl Andree's Globus
    Popularizing the World: Karl Andree’s Globus KIRSTEN BELGUM UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN In April 1836, a young man from Braunschweig wrote to Rudolf Vieweg, one of the major publishers of that city,to submit the first part of his translation of an American text. Knowing it might not be accepted, he concluded his letter with an invitation: «Sollten Sie einmal wieder ein ausländisches Werk übertragen lassen,» the letter writer would guarantee, «daß ich es so schnell und elegant übertragen werde, wie irgend einer in Deutschland; denn ich bin kein Neuling in solchen Arbeiten» (Andree, Letter). This offer is repre- sentative of the energy and creativity of Karl Andree (1808 – 75) who, over the next few decades, would have a notable impact on the type and amount of knowledge about the world distributed in Germany.The story of Andree and his successful periodical Globus (published from 1862 to 1910) suggests that the increase in travel itself was only one factor in the rapid expansion of travel writing in the nineteenth century.1 The role of translators, editors, publishers, and the networks of borrowing and recycling that they created were central to the ways in which travel and travel writing spread across Europe and presented ever more perspectives on life around the globe. In recent decades excellent research has been conducted on the significant increase in the writing, publication, and consumption of texts (both factual and fictional) about far-flung places in the world in the nineteenth century. Some of the best scholarship has been dedicated to uncovering dominant European cultural and racial prejudices that lay at the base of much travel and travel writing.
    [Show full text]
  • Coalition Formation and the Regime Divide in Central Europe
    Program on Central & Eastern Europe Working Paper Series #52, j\Tovember 1999 Coalition Formation and the Regime Divide in Central Europe Anna Grzymala-Busse· Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Harvard University Cambridge, lvlA 02138 Abstract The study examines the formation of coalitions in East Central Europe after the democratic transi­ tions of 1989. Existing explanations of coalition formations, which focus on either office-seeking and minimum wmning considerations, or on policy-seeking and spatial ideological convergence. However, they fail to account for the coalition patterns in the new democracies of East Central Europe. Instead, these parties' flrst goal is to develop clear and consistent reputations. To that end, they will form coalitions exclusively within the two camps of the regime divide: that is, amongst par­ ties stemming from the former communist parties, and those with roots in the former opposition to the communist regimes. The two corollaries are that defectors are punished at unusually high rates, and the communist party successors seek, rather than are sought for, coalitions. This model explains 85% of the coalitions that formed in the region after 1989. The study then examines the communist successor parties, and how their efforts illustrate these dynamics . • I would like to thank Grzegorz Ekiert, Gary King, Kenneth Shepsle, Michael Tomz, and the participants ofthe Faculty Workshop at Yale University for their helpful comments. 2 I. Introduction The patterns of coalition fonnation in East Central Europe are as diverse as they are puzzling. Since the ability to fonn stable governing coalitions is a basic precondition of effective democratic governance in multi-party parliamentary systems, several explanations have emerged of how political parties fonn such coalitions.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Consensus, Political Conflict: the Problem of Unity Among German Intellectuals During World War I
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2006 Cultural Consensus, Political Conflict: The Problem of Unity among German Intellectuals during World War I Benjamin Taylor Shannon University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Shannon, Benjamin Taylor, "Cultural Consensus, Political Conflict: The Problem of Unity among German Intellectuals during World War I. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2006. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4498 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Benjamin Taylor Shannon entitled "Cultural Consensus, Political Conflict: The Problem of Unity among German Intellectuals during World War I." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in History. Vejas Liulevicius, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: A. Denise Phillips, John Bohstedt Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Benjamin Taylor Shannon entitled "Cultural Consensus, Political Conflict: The Problem of Unity among German Intellectuals during World War I." I have examined the finalpaper copy of this thesis for formand content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in History.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Colonial Politics After the Versailles Treaty
    Wildenthal, L. (2010). Gender and Colonial Politics after the Versailles Treaty. In Kathleen Canning, Kerstin Barndt, and Kristin McGuire (Eds.), Weimar Publics/ Weimar Subjects. Rethinking the Political Culture of Germany in the 1920s (pp. 339-359). New York: Berghahn. Gender and Colonial Politics after the Versailles Treaty Lora Wildenthal In November 1918, the revolutionary government of republican Germany proclaimed the political enfranchisement of women. In June 1919, Article 119 of the Versailles Treaty announced the disenfranchisement of German men and women as colonizers. These were tremendous changes for German women and for the colonialist movement. Yet colonialist women's activism changed surprisingly little, and the Weimar Republic proved to be a time of vitality for the colonialist movement. The specific manner in which German decolonization took place profoundly shaped interwar colonialist activism. It took place at the hands of other colonial powers and at the end of the first "total" war. The fact that other imperial metropoles forced Germany to relinquish its colonies, and not colonial subjects (many of whom had tried and failed to drive Germans from their lands in previous years), meant that German colonialists focused their criticisms on those powers. When German colonialists demanded that the Versailles Treaty be revised so that they could once again rule over Africans and others, they were expressing not only a racist claim to rule over supposed inferiors but also a reproach to the Entente powers for betraying fellow white colonizers. The specific German experience of decolonization affected how Germans viewed their former colonial subjects. In other cases of decolonization, bitter wars of national liberation dismantled fantasies of affection between colonizer and colonized.
    [Show full text]
  • Quellensammlung Zur Geschichte Der Deutschen Sozialpolitik I
    Quellensammlung zur Geschichte der deutschen Sozialpolitik I. Abteilung: Von der Reichsgründungszeit bis zur Kaiserlichen Sozialbotschaft (1867-1881) Kumuliertes Inhaltsverzeichnis [Kopf- und Kurzregest]* der Haupttexte Bde. 1-8 1816 – 1862 17.11.1811 Allgemeine bayerische Verordnung, das Armenwesen betreffend Bd.7, Anh. Nr.1 [Die politische Gemeinde, in der der Arme heimatberechtigt ist, ist zur Armenpflege verpflichtet; Grundsätze über Art, Maß und Voraussetzungen der öffentlichen Armenunterstützung sowie deren Finanzierung und Organisation] 09.03.1839 Regulativ über die Beschäftigung jugendlicher Arbeiter in Fabriken Bd.3, Anh. Nr.1 [Verbot der Kinderarbeit in Fabriken vor dem neunten Lebensjahr; Fabrikarbeiter unter 16 Jahre dürfen höchstens 10 Stunden beschäftigt werden; Verbot der Nachtarbeit und de Arbeit an Sonn- und Feierta- gen für jugendliche Arbeiter] 31.12.1842 Preußisches Gesetz über die Aufnahme neu anziehender Personen Bd.7, Anh. Nr.2 [Grundsätze der armenrechtlichen Niederlassungsfreiheit] 31.12.1842 Preußisches Gesetz über die Verpflichtung zur Armenpflege Bd.7, Anh. Nr.3 [An die Stelle der mit Geburt erworbenen Heimat tritt mit dem Tag der Wohnsitznahme der sog. Unter- stützungswohnsitz als Grundlage der Verpflichtung zur Armenpflege] 31.12.1842 Preußisches Gesetz über die Erwerbung und den Verlust der Eigenschaft als preußi- Bd.7, Anh. Nr.4 scher Untertan sowie über den Eintritt in fremde Staatsdienste [Grundsätze des Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts kraft Abstammung] 17.01.1845 Allgemeine Gewerbeordnung für Preußen [Teildruck]
    [Show full text]
  • The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist a Dissertation Submitted In
    The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jonah D. Levy, Chair Professor Jason Wittenberg Professor Jacob Citrin Professor Katerina Linos Spring 2015 The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe Copyright 2015 by Kimberly Ann Twist Abstract The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Jonah D. Levy, Chair As long as far-right parties { known chiefly for their vehement opposition to immigration { have competed in contemporary Western Europe, scholars and observers have been concerned about these parties' implications for liberal democracy. Many originally believed that far- right parties would fade away due to a lack of voter support and their isolation by mainstream parties. Since 1994, however, far-right parties have been included in 17 governing coalitions across Western Europe. What explains the switch from exclusion to inclusion in Europe, and what drives mainstream-right parties' decisions to include or exclude the far right from coalitions today? My argument is centered on the cost of far-right exclusion, in terms of both office and policy goals for the mainstream right. I argue, first, that the major mainstream parties of Western Europe initially maintained the exclusion of the far right because it was relatively costless: They could govern and achieve policy goals without the far right.
    [Show full text]