Initial Environmental Examination
Project Number: 41435-013: TSSD- ADF (Loan 3570/8331 and Grant 0542))
June 2020
Cambodia: Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project - Additional Financing
For 18 subprojects: - Two (2) Core Subproject. (Chbar Ampov Village Road and Lvea Irrigation Subprojects), and - Sixteen (16) Subprojects Bidding on December 2019. (1-Laterite Road in Knach Romeas commune, 2-DBST Road in Kouk Khmum commune, 3-Rehabilitation of Secondary Canal In Basak and Prek Chik Communes, 4-DBST Road in Bos Sbov commune, 5-SBST Road in Samraong commune, 6-SBST Road in Chi Meas Commune, 7-DBST Road in Tang Krasang and Pnov Commune, 8-Laterite road in Sandan and Dang Kambet commune, 9-SBST Road in Kampong Trabeak commune, 10-SBST Road in Romlech commune, 11- Asphalt concrete road in Sangkat Chreav, 12-Earth Road in Svay Sar commune, 13-Rahabilitation of Secondary canal (Bak Ay) in Kak Communes, 14-Concrete road in Toul Snuol commune, 15-DBST road in Batheay and Me Pring commune, 16-SBST Road in Sdaeung Chey commune)
Prepared by PIC of NCDD and MAFF for the Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction – Additional Fund for the Asian Development Bank.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 5 May 2020)
Currency unit – Cambodian Riel (KR) KR1.00 = $0.000244 $1.00 = KR4,099
ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AF – additional financing CARD – Council for Agriculture and Rural Development CCAM – Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model CoC – Environmental Code of Conduct CDP – commune development plan CDRA – climate and disaster risk assessment CSIRO – Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation DBST – Double Bituminous Surface Treatment DRR – disaster risk reduction DSC – Design and Supervision Contractor EARF – Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EHS – Environmental, Health and Safety EIA – environmental impact assessment ESIA – Environment and Social Impact Assessment ESO – Environmental Safeguards Officer (National) EMP – environmental management plan GHG – greenhouse gas GRM – grievance redress mechanism ICT – Information and Communication Technology IEE – Initial Environmental Examination IESIA – Initial Environment and Social Impact Assessment IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPM – Integrated Pest Management IWR – Irrigation Water Requirement – Environmental Safeguards and Climate Change Specialist (of the ESCC PIC) LIG – livelihood improvement group MAFF – Ministry of Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries MOE – Ministry of Environment MOWRAM – Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology – National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development NCDDS Secretariat PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRC – procurement review committee PST – provincial support team RCP – Representative Concentration Pathway SBST – Single Bituminous Surface Treatment SRES – Special Report on Emission Scenarios SSP – special service provider TSSD – Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project Page | 1
US EPA – United States Environmental Protection Agency
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ha – hectare km – kilometer kW – kilowatt kWh – kilowatt-hour m – meter m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter mm – millimeter
NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT 3
LIST OF TABLES 6
LIST OF FIGURES 8
LIST OF PHOTOS 10
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 A. Background 11 B. Assessment Findings 11 C. Capacity Building 12 D. Public Consultation 12 E. Grievance Redress Mechanism 12 F. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Code of Conduct (CoC) 12
I. INTRODUCTION 14 A. Overall Goals of the Project 14 B. Project Components 14 C. The Initial Environmental Examination Report 15
II. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 16 A. ADB Environmental Requirements 16 B. Cambodian Government Environmental Regulations 16 1. Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management 16 2. Environmental impact assessment process sub-decree 16 C. Evaluation Standards 18 1. Law on the Management of Pesticides and Fertilizers 18 2. Law on Water Resources Management 19 3. Water pollution control sub-decree 19 4. Drinking water quality standards 20 5. Solid waste management sub-decree 20 6. Air pollution control sub-decree 20 7. Silt/Sediment quality 21 8. National Integrated Pest Management Programme 21 D. International Agreements 22 E. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines 22
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS 23 A. Overall Project 23 B. Core Subprojects 24 1. Irrigation Rehabilitation in Lvea Commune, Prey Veng Province 24 2. Village road rehabilitation in Chbar Ampov Communes 28 C. 16 Subprojects 29 1. Laterite Road Reparation Sub-project in Khnach Romeas Commune, Bavel District, Battambang Province (5km-length and 1 road culvert) 32 2. DBST Road Sub-project in Kouk Khmum Commune, Thma Koul District, Battambang Province (1.898 km-length) 34 3. DBST Road Sub-project in Bos Sbov commune, Preah Netr Preah District, Banteay Meanchey Province (2.786km-length and 5 road culverts) 36 4. Samraong SBST Road Sub-project (2.511 Km-Length and 1 Box culvert) in Samraong Commune, Ou Chrov District, Banteay Meanchey Province 38
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5. SBST Road Improvement Sub-project in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes, Stoung District, Kampong Thom Province (6.056km-length with 1 Road box culvert) 43 6. DBST Road Subproject in Pnov & Tang Krasang commune, Santuk District, Kampong Thom Province (4.395km-length and 1 pipe culvert) 45 7. Sandan-Dang Kambet Laterite Road Sub-project in Sandan & Dang Kambet Communes, Sandan District, Kampong Thom Province (7.39km-Length with 01 Concrete Bridge, 01 Causeway and 4 Culverts) 47 8. Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project (3.479 km of Length, 5m-width) in Kampong Trabaek Commune, Kampong Trabaek District, Prey Veng Province51 9. SBST ROAD SUB-PROJECT in Rumlech Commune, Sithor Kandal District, Prey Veng Province (2.750km-length with 5 pipe culvert) 53 10. Asphalt Concrete Road Improvement Sub-Project in Sangkat Chreav, Siem Reap Municipality, Siem Reap Province (1.0km length with 2 pipe culverts) 55 11. Earth Road Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Svay Sar Commune, Varin District, Siem Reap Province (8.993 km-length and 5 Pipe Culverts) 58 12. Concrete Road Sub-Project in Tuol Snuol Commune, Krouch Chhmar District, Tboung Khmum Province (1.5km-length with 2 road culverts) 60 13. DBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Batheay and Me Pring Commune, Batheay District, Kampong Cham Province (3.327km-length with 1 pipe culvert) 64 14. SBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Sdaeung Chey Commune, Cheung Prey District, Kampong Cham Province (2.508Km of Length and 1 Pipe Culvert) 67 15. Basak-Preaek Chik Canal Rehabilitation Sub-Project (9.00km length with 6 Irrigation structures) in Basak-Preaek Chik Commune, Rukh Kiri District, Battambang Province 70 16. Bak Ay Canal Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Kak Commune, Ponhea Kraek District, Tboung Khmum Province (5.5km length with 15 Irrigation structures) 72 D. Project Implementation 75
IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 79 A. The Project Provinces 79 B. Environmental Setting 80 1. Climate 80 2. Annual Rainfall 80 3. Floods and Droughts 84 4. Water Quality 85 5. Air Quality and Noise 89 6. Land Use and Vegetation 89 7. Protected Areas 94 8. Physical cultural resources 95 9. Socio-economic Environment 95
V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 100 A. Environmental Screening of Subprojects 100 1. Irrigation 100 2. Roads 100 B. Areas of Influence for Impact assessment 101 C. Positive Impact and Environmental Benefits 103 D. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Design and Pre-Construction Phase 104 1. Site Preparation 104 2. Features of Detailed Design 105 3. Construction Readiness 105 E. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase 106 1. Construction 106
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2. Contractor Performance and Site Management 111 3. Environmental Health and Safety 111 F. Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures during Operation 112 1. Irrigation Subprojects 112 2. Village Road Subprojects 117 G. Unanticipated Impacts during Construction and Operation 118 H. Climate Change Impact Assessment 118 3. Natural Disasters 122
VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 123 A. Consultation and Participation Process for two Core Subprojects 123 1. Commune Consultative Process 123 2. Project Information Dissemination 123 3. Consultation during Household Survey 123 B. Consultation and Participation Process for Sixteen (16) Subprojects 125
VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 129
V. CONCLUSION AND ASSURANCES 130 A. Positive Impact and Environmental Benefits 130 B. Negative Impacts 130 C. Assurances 130 D. Conclusion 131
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2: List of Projects Required an Environmental Impact Assessment ...... 17 Table 3: Water Quality Standard in Public Water Areas for Biodiversity Conservation ...... 19 Table 4: Drinking Water standards ...... 20 Table 5: Ambient Air Quality Standard ...... 20 Table 6: Maximum Permitted Noise Level in Public and Residential Area (dB (A)) ...... 21 Table 7: List of Structures ...... 27 Table 8: List of Sixteen Subprojects for bidding in 4 th Quarter of 2019...... 30 Table 9: Summary Scope of Work for Laterite Road Reparation Sub-project in Khnach Romeas Commune ...... 33 Table 10: Summary Scope of Work for DBST Road Sub-project in Kouk Khmum Commune .. 35 Table 11: Summary Scope of Work for DBST Road Sub-project in Bos Sbov commune ...... 37 Table 12: Summary of Scope of Work for Samraong SBST Road Sub-project ...... 39 Table 13: Summary Scope of Work for SBST Road Improvement Sub-project in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes ...... 43 Table 14: Summary Scope of Work for DBST Road Subproject in Pnov & Tang Krasang commune ...... 46 Table 15: Summary Scope of Work for Sandan-Dang Kambet Laterite Road Sub-project in Sandan & Dang Kambet Communes ...... 49 Table 16: Summary Scope of Work for Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project ...... 52 Table 17: Summary Scope of Work for SBST Road Sub-Project in Rumlech Commune ...... 54 Table 18: Summary Scope of Work for Asphalt Concrete Road Improvement Sub-Project in Sangkat Chreav ...... 56 Table 19: Summary Scope of Work for Earth Road Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Svay Sar Commune ...... 58 Table 20: Summary Scope of Work for Concrete Road Sub-Project in Tuol Snuol Commune . 61 Table 21: Summary Scope of Work for DBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Batheay and Me Pring Commune ...... 64 Table 22: Summary Scope of Work for SBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Sdaeung Chey Commune ...... 67 Table 23: Summary Scope of Work for Basak-Preaek Chik Canal Rehabilitation Sub-Project . 70 Table 24: Summary Scope of Work for Bak Ay Canal Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Kak Commune ...... 73 Table 25: Institutional Arrangements ...... 75 Table 26: Contact List of NCDDS and PST for the TSSD-AF ...... 76 Table 27: Annual rainfall of Banteay Meanchey Station ...... 81 Table 28: Annual Average Rainfall data for Battambang Province...... 81 Table 29: The Average Annual Rainfall of Kampong Thom Station ...... 82 Table 30: Annual Rainfall of Tboung Khmum and Kampong Cham Station from 1991 to 2012 83 Table 31: Annual Rainfall of Prey Veng Province ...... 84 Table 32: Flood Impacts 1996 – 2019 ...... 84
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Table 33: Drought Impacts 2000 – 2018 ...... 85 Table 34: Water Quality Results of Surface Water in the Main Canal, Lvea Commune ...... 87 Table 35: Water Quality Results of Surface Water in the Creek Midway along the Village Road ...... 87 Table 36: Groundwater Quality Results of Groundwater at Wells in the Lvea Irrigation Subproject Area ...... 88 Table 37: Groundwater Quality Results of Groundwater at Wells in the Subproject Schemes 88 Table 38: Agricultural lands as a proportion of land area per province ...... 91 Table 39: Vegetation growing along selected road subprojects ...... 94 Table 40: Commune Populations and Gender Breakdown ...... 95 Table 41: Household Incomes of Sample Group ($) ...... 96 Table 42: Households Holding ID Poor Card in Sample Group ...... 96 Table 43: Population of Beneficiary of 16 Subprojects ...... 97 Table 44: Assessment Areas of the Infrastructure Subprojects ...... 101 Table 45: Environmental Category of Proposed Subprojects ...... 102 Table 46: Loss of Assets for the two Core Subproject and sixteen Subprojects...... 104 Table 47: Construction Equipment Noise Impact Distance ...... 107 Table 48: Irrigation Water Requirements for Different Cropping Alternatives ...... 114 Table 49: Selected Dry and Average Year Flows in the Trabaek River for December-March (dry season cropping) a ...... 114 Table 50: Water Availability ...... 115 Table 51: Water Balance for an Additional 344 ha Irrigation Area of Dryland Cropping at Lvea Commune ...... 115 Table 52: Fertilizer and Pesticide Use Before and After the Project ...... 116 Table 53: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice Paddy ...... 118 Table 54: GHG Emissions and GWP from Rice Paddy Increases ...... 118 Table 55: Predicted IWRs from Climate Change and IWRs used in Subproject Water Balances ...... 120 Table 56: Awareness and Support of Project ...... 123 Table 57: Expected Benefits from the Project ...... 124 Table 58: Current Environmental Issues Affecting Commune ...... 124 Table 59: Environmental Impacts from Project Implementation ...... 125 Table 60: List of Participants in Public Consultation Meeting ...... 126
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Location of Core Subprojects ...... 24 Figure 2: Location of Lvea Commune Irrigation Subproject Components (red) (From Google Earth) ...... 26 Figure 3: Layout of Lvea Commune Irrigation Subproject ...... 27 Figure 4: Typical Cross Section of Canals ...... 28 Figure 5: Project Location of Chab Ampov Village Road, Kampong Cham province ...... 29 Figure 6: Location of 16 Subproject ...... 31 Figure 7: Typical Cross Section of Laterite Road Reparation Sub-project in Khnach Romeas Commune ...... 34 Figure 8: Typical Cross Section of DBST Road Sub-project in Kouk Khmum Commune ...... 36 Figure 9: Typical Cross Section of DBST Road Sub-project in Bos Sbov commune ...... 41 Figure 10: Typical Cross Section of Samraong SBST Road Sub-project ...... 42 Figure 11: Typical Cross Section of SBST Road Improvement Sub-project in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes ...... 45 Figure 12: Typical Cross Section of DBST Road Subproject in Pnov & Tang Krasang commune ...... 47 Figure 13: Typical Cross Section of Sandan-Dang Kambet Laterite Road Sub-project in Sandan & Dang Kambet Communes ...... 51 Figure 14: Typical Cross Section of Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project ...... 53 Figure 15: Typical Cross Section of SBST Road Sub-Project in Rumlech Commune ...... 55 Figure 16: Typical Cross Section of Asphalt Concrete Road Improvement Sub-Project in Sangkat Chreav ...... 57 Figure 17: Typical Cross Section of Earth Road Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Svay Sar Commune ...... 59 Figure 18: Typical Cross Section of Concrete Road Sub-Project in Tuol Snuol Commune ...... 63 Figure 19: Typical Cross Section of DBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Batheay and Me Pring Commune ...... 66 Figure 20: Typical Cross Section of SBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Sdaeung Chey Commune ...... 69 Figure 21: Typical Cross Section of Prek Chik – Basak Secondary Canal ...... 72 Figure 22: Typical Cross Section for Bak Ay Canal Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Kak Commune ...... 75 Figure 23: Location of 7 Target Provinces ...... 79 Figure 24: The average rainfall chart of Siem Reap Province for the last 10 years ...... 83 Figure 25: Sampling Points for Surface Water, Groundwater and Noise, Lvea Commune ...... 86 Figure 26: Sampling Points for Surface Water, Groundwater and Noise, Banthaey and Chbar Ampov Communes ...... 86 Figure 27: Overgrown Banks and Canal Bed at Thnaot Village, Lvea Commune ...... 90 Figure 28: Overgrown Canal Banks at Takork Village, Lvea Commune ...... 90 Figure 29: Vegetation along Subprojects ...... 91 Figure 30: Sparse Vegetation in Paddy Areas ...... 91 Figure 31: Landcover Maps for the Seven Project Provinces ...... 91 Figure 32: MOE Protected Areas Map – showing National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Protected Landscapes, Multiple Use Areas, Ramsar Sites and Marine Parks ...... 95 Figure 33: Sensitive Receptor Sites for 16 Subprojects ...... 108 Figure 34: Cropping Calendar for Irrigation Subprojects ...... 114
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Figure 35: Irrigation Water Requirements from IPCC SRES ...... 121 Figure 36: Road Cross-Section at Culvert ...... 122
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LIST OF PHOTOS
Photo 1: Original Condition of Design Road in Khnach Romeas Commune, Battambang Province ...... 32 Photo 2: Original Condition of Design Road in Kouk Khmum, Battambang Province ...... 35 Photo 3: Original condition of design road in Bos Sbov Commune, Banteay Meanchey Province ...... 37 Photo 4: Original condition of Design Road in Samraong commune, Banteay Meanchey Province ...... 39 Photo 5: Original condition of design road in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes, Stoung District, Kampong Thom Province ...... 43 Photo 6: Original condition of design road of Pnov – Tang Krasang DBST Road, Kampong Thom province ...... 46 Photo 7: Existing Condition of two Bridges along the Proposed Laterite Road in Sandan-Dang Kambet, Kampong Thom province ...... 48 Photo 8: Original condition of design road in Kampong Trabaek commune, Prey Veng Province ...... 51 Photo 9: Original condition of design road in Rumlech Commune, Prey Veng Province ...... 53 Photo 10: Original condition of design road in Sangkat Chreav, Siem Reap Province ...... 56 Photo 11: Original condition of design road in Svay Sar Commune, Varin District, Siem Reap Province ...... 58 Photo 12: Original Condition of Design road in Tuol Snuol Commune, Krouch Chhmar District, Tboung Khmum Province ...... 60 Photo 13: Original condition of design road in Batheay and Me Pring Commune, Batheay District, Kampong Cham Province ...... 64 Photo 14: Original Condition of Design Road in Sdaeung Chey Commune, Cheung Prey District, Kampong Cham Province ...... 67 Photo 15: Existing condition of Basak – Preak Chik Canal, Battambant Province ...... 70 Photo 16: Existing condition of Bak Ay Canal of Kak Commune, Tboung Khmum Province .... 72 Photo 17: Public Consultation in Romlech Commune, Prey Veng Province ...... 128
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A. Background 1. This updated report is prepared as part of Project Implementation Phase ADB LOAN 3570, ADB GRANT 0542 AND IFAD LOAN 8331 CAM: Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project (TSSD) - Additional Financing (AF). This implementation stage is based on agreement between ADB and the Royal Government of Cambodia (the government). The report covers 2 core subprojects and sixteen subprojects. The sixteen subprojects were already bid to do civil work bidding in 4 th quarter of 2019. - Two (2) Core subprojects: 1-Chbar Ampov Village Road subproject, Kampong Cham province and 2-Lvea Irrigation Subproject, Prey Veng Province, - Sixteen (16) Subprojects Bidding on December 2019 (1-Laterite Road in Knach Romeas commune, 2-DBST Road in Kouk Khmum commune, 3-Rehabilitation of Secondary Canal In Basak and Prek Chik Communes, 4-DBST Road in Bos Sbov commune, 5-SBST Road in Samraong commune, 6-SBST Road in Chi Meas Commune, 7-DBST Road in Tang Krasang and Pnov Commune, 8-Laterite road in Sandan and Dang Kambet commune, 9-SBST Road in Kampong Trabeak commune, 10-SBST Road in Romlech commune, 11-Asphalt concrete road in Sangkat Chreav, 12-Earth Road in Svay Sar commune, 13-Rahabilitation of Secondary canal (Bak Ay) in Kak Communes, 14-Concrete road in Toul Snuol commune, 15-DBST road in Batheay and Me Pring commune, 16-SBST Road in Sdaeung Chey commune). B. Assessment Findings 2. Pre-construction and design issues for the irrigation subproject focus on matching the total irrigation area for a new dry season crop to the availability of water. For the road rehabilitation subproject, careful design will be needed to ensure a longer flood-free access period than is presently the case and through-drainage of the road embankment so that it does not act as a flood barrier, but which also protects the integrity of paddy dykes for individual field inundation and drainage for rice growing during non-flood periods. 3. During construction of the subprojects, the main issues will be traffic accident, air and water pollution and soil erosion, all of which must be managed by strict control of construction contractors and effective implementation of EMP mitigation and monitoring measures. Additional localized traffic congestion is anticipated and this must be minimized by responsible transport planning. Health and safety of construction workers and the community is also, as always, a primary concern. 4. Post-construction, the main concerns for the irrigation subproject are local increases in the levels of agricultural fertilizer and pesticide residues and their effects on water quality and people. Post-construction mitigation will benefit from capacity building and training under the project to use fertilizers and pesticides efficiently and responsibly. There is also a concern that the irrigation scheme must be sustainable and responsibly managed, to ensure that agreed irrigation flows are maintained and other water users are not disadvantaged. 5. Post-construction impacts for the village road rehabilitation subproject will be from noise and dust from traffic and road safety issues. Increases in traffic impacts will be limited since the road will not open up new access or opportunities. Rather, it will provide an increased certainty of getting to and from markets and services for the villages it connects. 6. Mitigation of construction-phase impacts relies heavily on responsibility of works contractors to follow specification clauses specifically designed to minimize pollution of air and water and soil erosion. This mitigation will in turn rely on enforcement by the implementing agency’s Environmental Management Officer and the commune councils. 7. The project’s civil works will be complemented by a wide range of capacity building and livelihood integration and diversification activities. Particularly relevant to the environmental impact of the civil works is commune-based DRR which will be supported by the project through
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the preparation of a commune action plan and training plan for DRR relevant to the irrigation and village road subprojects. This will be integrated with existing Cambodian government national DRR training and planning programme through the National Committee for Disaster Management Secretariat, which aims to undertake all commune level DRR training and planning. 8. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the increased area of paddy as a result of the subprojects total approximately 968 tons/annum. 9. Adaptation to predicted future increases in irrigation water demand in the subproject areas have been covered in the design by the use of conservative estimates of irrigation water requirements (IWRs) for potential cropping patterns. The IWRs which were used in the water availability analysis already exceed the predicted crop water demands in 2020 and 2050 under climate change by 20% and 10% respectively, so the irrigation design is already climate change adapted. Key adaptation measures for the village road subproject focus on flood resilience from seasonal floods and extreme weather events. 10. The rapid environmental assessment for the project identified a medium climate risk. Therefore, a climate and disaster risk assessment (CDRA) was undertaken for the whole project 1 and its recommendations incorporated into project design. These include improving irrigation efficiency through conveyancing improvements, irrigation management, raising of road surface above normal flood level and significantly increasing the number of culverts and capacity of flow- through drainage structure. C. Capacity Building 11. The project includes extensive capacity building outputs directed at support to LIGs and FWUGs, promotion of value chain arrangements for produce, introduction of ICT and commune mobile access technology for agricultural extension and capacity in agricultural machinery. These will include specialized training which will cover environmental management measures in agricultural chemicals and water resource management which are identified in this IEE. D. Public Consultation 12. Public consultation commenced in the core subproject communes in March 2017, with information dissemination meetings in Lvea commune, Prey Veng, on 7-8 March 2017 and at the Banthaey and Chbar Ampov communes, Kampong Cham, on 10 March 2017. This was followed by a round of public consultation in the second half of April 2017 in all three communes in conjunction with the project household surveys. 13. Public consultation commenced in the sixteen (16) subproject communes in March 2019, with information dissemination meetings in all target communes in 7 provinces. This was followed by a round of public consultation in the November and December 2019 in all target communes in conjunction with the social safeguard meeting. E. Grievance Redress Mechanism 14. A project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been established to receive and manage any public environmental issues that may arise due to the project. The environment officer in the implementing agency will coordinate the GRM. All project agencies and staff will be initiated into the GRM procedures by the implementation team and will take an active role in supporting the GRM when necessary. F. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Code of Conduct (CoC) 15. On February 2019 and August 2019, EMPs has prepared for the Chbar Ampov Village Road Subproject and Lvea Irrigation Subproject respectively. In this updated IEE will include EMPs for Category B Subproject and Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) for Category C subproject where the identified environmental impacts and mitigation measures are transformed into an action plan for their implementation. The EMPs/CoC includes methods of mitigation,
1 This used climate change scenarios in current ADB projects in rice and roads as well as the ADB Guidelines for climate proofing agriculture and transport infrastructure.
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responsibilities, indicators of progress, and frequency and nature of monitoring activities with cost estimates. The EMP and CoC are a critical document for each subproject. The provisions of the EMP/CoC will be incorporated into tender documents and construction contracts.
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I. INTRODUCTION
A. Overall Goals of the Project 16. The overall goal of the project is to assist the government to improve the management and governance of existing irrigation systems, increase agricultural production, and improve the productivity of subproject areas with the aim to increase the incomes of poor farmers. The project will focus on increased efficiency of irrigation systems and improved management of water resources in the uplands areas away from the Tonle Sap. 17. The impact of the overall project, which is aligned with the Cambodia Country Partnership Strategy 2014-2018, ADB’s Assessment, Strategy and Roadmap for the Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Development Sector, and the government’s Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity, and Efficiency Phase III, will be improved livelihoods and resilience in target communes in seven provinces (Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Thom, Prey Veng, Siem Reap, and Tboung Khmum provinces) in the Tonle Sap Basin by 2023. The outcome of the overall project will be agricultural productivity increased, climate resilience strengthened, and access to markets improved in 270 communes in seven provinces in the Tonle Sap Basin. This will include improved rural infrastructure, improved agricultural support and rural financial services, increasing diversification of household economic activities, and the creation of on- and off-farm livelihood opportunities. 18. The project will focus on assisting communities establish livelihood improvement strategies for resource-poor farming households with assets that give them the potential to increase their farm based income. Outcomes will be measured on the basis of (i) average rice yields increasing to more than 3.5 t/ha; (ii) average rice yields of ID Poor households in target communes increased to minimum 3.0 t/ha for wet season rice production; (iii) diversified farming systems reduce share of household income from rice by 20%; (iv) marketed farm and off-farm products increased by 25%; and (v) awareness of climate smart agriculture and disaster risk reduction (DRR) planning increased. 19. The project has three major Outputs: 20. Output 1: Rural productive infrastructure and livelihood improved with capacity in disaster risk management enhanced. (i) Rural roads, small scale irrigation, and other production related infrastructure; (ii) Support to new and old livelihood improvement groups (LIGs); and (iii) Capacity building in disaster risk management. 21. Output 2: Enabling environment for increased agricultural productivity, diversification and climate resilience created. (i) Value chain and agribusiness support; (ii) Support to market improvement groups; and (iii) ICT/Commune Mobile Access program.
22. Output 3: Project management strengthened. B. Project Components 23. Under Output 1 the project will invest in commune infrastructure development focusing on improvements in irrigation and village roads. A long list of candidate subprojects in irrigation and roads was developed during the course of the implementation stage, along with selection criteria for finalizing the preferred ones. These criteria identified the two core subproject and sixteen subprojects to be bided in December 2019. These are three (3) irrigation subprojects and fifteen (15) village roads subprojects where are located in all seven provinces; Battambang, Banteay Meanchey, Kampong Thom, Kampong Cham, Tboung Khmum, Prey Veng and Siem Reap provinces.
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C. The Initial Environmental Examination Report 24. The objectives of the IEE report are to: (i) Describe the existing natural and socio-economical resources in and surrounding project area; (ii) Identify and assess potential significant impacts based on existing environmental conditions including during project pre-construction, construction, and operation/ maintenance stages; (iii) Identify and recommend mitigation measures to minimize any potential impacts caused by project activities; (iv) Undertake public consultation to present subproject environmental issues to project stakeholders and local people of the subprojects area and to collect community concerns; and (v) Develop an EMP/CoC with cost estimates, and including monitoring plans during construction and operation stages to guide subproject implementation. 25. The IEE was prepared following the formats in the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). ADB projects are assigned to an environment category depending on the significance of the potential environmental impacts and risks. This project has been classified as Category B for environment. The impacts of such projects are judged to be site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An IEE, including an EMP is required. 26. Since the subprojects involve the refurbishment of existing small-scale infrastructure, they do not require environmental impact assessment under government sub-decree No. 72 ANRK.BK. 27. The sixteen subprojects which are the subject of this IEE have been chosen using a set of selection criteria which included environmental screening. This ensured that candidate subprojects with significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented were not included.
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II. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
28. This initial environmental examination (IEE) has been prepared for sixteen subprojects of the Additional Financing (AF) to the Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project (TSSD) in the Kingdom of Cambodia. It has been designed to satisfy both ADB and relevant Cambodian environmental guidelines and regulations. A. ADB Environmental Requirements 29. On the basis of subproject screening in the feasibility stage, using a rapid environmental checklist, the subprojects have been determined to be Category B and Category C for environmental impact as impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. This consolidated IEE has been prepared under the provisions of the ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 which requires a number of critical considerations, including: (i) project level grievance redress mechanism (GRM), including documentation in the environmental management plan (EMP)/Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC); (ii) physical cultural resources damage prevention analysis; (iii) climate change mitigation and adaptation; (iv) occupational and community health and safety requirements, including emergency preparedness and response); (v) economic displacement that is not part of land acquisition; (vii) meaningful consultation and participation; and (viii) an EMP/CoC which comprises implementation schedule and (measurable) performance indicators. B. Cambodian Government Environmental Regulations 1. Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management 30. The Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management was enacted by the National Assembly and launched by the Preah Reach Kram/NS-RKM-1296/36. It was enacted on 24 December 1996. This law has the following objectives: (i) To protect and promote environment quality and public health through prevention, reduction and control of pollution; (ii) To assess the environmental impacts of all proposed projects prior to the issuance of a decision by the government; (iii) To ensure the rational and sustainable conservation, development, management and use of the natural resources of the Kingdom of Cambodia; (iv) To encourage and provide possibilities for the public to participate in the protection of environment and the management of the natural resources; and (v) To suppress any acts that cause harm to the environment.
31. Under this law the developers or project owners need to prepare an initial environmental impact assessment or a full environmental impact assessment (EIA) report for their proposed or existing development projects. 2. Environmental impact assessment process sub-decree 32. The sub-decree No. 72 ANRK.BK in the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment Process dated 11 August 1999 sets out EIA procedures. The main objectives of this sub-decree are: (i) To determine an EIA for every private and public project or activity, through review by the Ministry of Environment (MOE), prior to the submission for a decision from the government; (ii) To determine the type and size of the proposed project(s) and activities, including existing and on-going activities in both private and public sector prior to undertaking the process of EIA; and
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(iii) To encourage public participation in the implementation of the EIA process and take into account their input and suggestions for re-consideration prior to the implementation of any project. 33. The sub-decree includes an annex which provides a schedule of developments which require EIA. An excerpt for relevant industries is at Table 1 below. Table 1: List of Projects Required an Environmental Impact Assessment No. Type and activities of the projects Size / Capacity B. AGRICULTURE 1. Concession forest 10,000 Hectares 2. Logging 500 Hectares 3. Land covered by forest 500 Hectares 4. Agriculture and agro-industrial land 10,000 Hectares 5. Flooded and coastal forests All sizes 6. Irrigation systems 5,000 Hectares 7. Drainage systems 5,000 Hectares D INFRASTRUCTURE 1. Urbanization development All sizes 2. Industrial zones All sizes 3. Construction of bridge -roads ≥ 30 Ton nes weight 4. Buildings Height ≥ 12 meter or floor ≥ 8,000 square meter 5. Restaurants ≥ 500 Seats 6. Hotels ≥ 60 Rooms 7. Hotel adjacent to coastal area ≥ 40 Rooms 8. National road construction ≥ 100 Kilometres Source: Sub-Decree No. 72 ANRK.BK on Environment Impact Assessment Process. 1999.
3. Declaration (Prakas) No. 21 on Classification of Environmental Impact Assessment for Development Projects 34. The Prakas No. 21 on Classification of Environmental Impact Assessment for Development Projects dated 3 February 2020 sets out project classification which are required to compliance with MoE related to environmental assessment. The main objectives of this Prakas are: - To help facilitate and provide guidance to private and public development project owners to effectively implement the procedure for environmental impact assessment for development projects in the Kingdom of Cambodia, - to classify environmental impact assessment for development projects which are required to have Environmental Protection Agreement or Initial Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report or Full Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report 35. The Prakas includes an annex which provides a schedule of developments which require ESIA/IESIA/Environmental Protection Agreement. Classification of environmental impact assessment according to size of development project No. Type of project Environmental ESIA IESIA Protection Agreement 142 Irrigation system (≥5,000 hectares) (1000 – <5000 hectares) 143 Drainage System (≥5000 hectares) (1000 – <5000 hectares) 179 Road construction (> 100 km) (≥ 30 – 100 km) (10 – <30 km) 181 Road construction in natural (> 30 km) (≥ 10 – 30 km) (< 10 km) protected areas
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36. Irrigation subproject. Since subproject complies with the selection criteria and will involve the refurbishment of existing irrigation canals providing water for an additional 344 hectare (ha) only, it will not require environmental impact assessment under sub-decree No. 72 ANRK.BK and the new Prakas No 21 dated February 2020. 37. Village road subprojects. The rural village road rehabilitation and realignment does not qualify as national road construction and will be in the range 5 - <10 kilometer. Drainage structures and culverts will be rated for farm vehicles, farm machinery and small haulage, with maximum loads of 10-15 tons. It will therefore not require environmental impact assessment under the government’s regulations such as the EIA sub-decree No 72 and the New Prakas No 21 by MoE. 4. National Action Plan: Preparing for and Responding to Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the Kingdom of Cambodia 38. In response to the Covid-19, the Ministry of Health has updated Cambodia’s existing pandemic response strategy in a new document entitled “National Action Plan: Preparing for and Responding to Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the Kingdom of Cambodia , February to August 2020”. The Plan stages that the extent of geographic spread of COVID-19 within Cambodia will influence the set of response actions required at any given stage. Response actions fall along a continuum between two strategic approaches, namely Containment and Mitigation. Containment refers to stopping or slowing down the spread of a new disease. Mitigation refers to the set of public health options that Cambodia can take to minimize the health, social and economic impact of the epidemic once COVID-19 is widely circulating in the country. At the time of writing, the overall immediate health risk assessment from COVID-19 to Cambodia was considered moderate to high. Cambodia is currently in the Containment Phase. 39. The current COVID-19 National Action Plan has four strategic objectives: (1) to reduce and delay transmission, (2) to minimize serious disease and reduce associated deaths, (3) to ensure ongoing essential health services particularly during epidemic peak periods; and (4) to minimize social and economic impact through multi-sectoral partnerships. Nine priority areas of action to manage community transmission are drawn from the 2019 updated National Pandemic Preparedness Plan and are as follows: incident management and planning, surveillance and risk assessment, laboratory, clinical management and health care services, infection prevention and control, non-pharmaceutical public health measures, risk communication, points of entry and operational logistics. C. Evaluation Standards 1. Law on the Management of Pesticides and Fertilizers 40. The Law on the Management of Pesticides and Fertilizers was enacted on 14 January 2012. This law has the following objectives: (iv) to support a policy promoting the effectiveness potentiality of agriculture sector, for the development of social and national economy; (v) to ensure the safe and effective control of pesticides and fertilizers, whether in consistent with the international standards; (vi) to enhance public awareness on the implementation of standard requirements of pesticides and fertilizers for all relevant activities related to these products; and (vii) to reduce risks caused by the use of pesticides and fertilizers, for beneficiary of farmers and people nationwide, by ensuring food security, food safety, public health, and the sustainability of environment. 41. The scope of the law shall apply to the management and the implementation of standard requirements for: (i) all type of pesticides and fertilizers, raw materials or active ingredients and other compositions of pesticides and fertilizers which are used as inputs in agricultural production; and
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(ii) all activities of natural persons or legal entities who are traders, formulators, pests control services operators, advertisers, donors, and users of all types of pesticides and fertilizers. 2. Law on Water Resources Management 42. The Law on Water Resources Management was adopted by the National Assembly on 22 May 2007. This law provides procedures for the management of water resources within Cambodia. The purpose of the law is to foster the effective management of the water resources of the Kingdom of Cambodia to attain socio-economic development and the welfare of communities. 43. The Law determines: (i) The rights and obligations of water users; (ii) The fundamental principles of water resources management; (iii) The institutions in charge of its implementation and enforcement; and (iv) The participation of users and their associations in the sustainable development of water resources. 44. Under this law, the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM) may declare any basin, sub-basin or aquifer as Water Law Implementation Area when within that basin, sub-basin, ground water or aquifer there are likely to be conflicts among water users, problems of water pollution or watershed degradation. 3. Water pollution control sub-decree
45. The sub-decree No. 27 ANRK.BK on Water Pollution Control is dated on 6 April 1999. The purpose of this sub-decree is to regulate water pollution control in order to prevent and reduce the water pollution of public water so that the protection of human health and the conservation of bio-diversity can be ensured. 46. This sub-decree applies to all sources of pollution and all activities causing pollution of public water areas. The sub-decree also provides the pollution types, effluent standards, and water quality standards in different areas. Water quality standards are stipulated in this sub- decree for public water (Table 2). Table 2: Water Quality Standard in Public Water Areas for Biodiversity Conservation No. Parameter Unit Standard Value A. River 1 pH mg/l 6.5 – 8.5 2 BOD 5 mg/l 1 – 10 3 Suspended Solid mg/l 25 – 100 4 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 2.0 - 7.5 5 Coli-form MPN/100ml < 5000 B. Lakes and Reservoirs 1 pH mg/l 6.5 – 8.5 2 COD mg/l 1 – 8 3 Suspended Solid mg/l 1 – 15 4 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 2.0 - 7.5 5 Coliform MPN/100ml < 1000 6 Total Nitrogen mg/l 0.1 – 0.6 7 Total Phosphorus mg/l 0.005 – 0.05 C. Coastal water 1 pH mg/l 7.0 – 8.3 2 COD mg/l 2 – 8 4 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 2 - 7.5 5 Coliform MPN/100ml < 1000 5 Oil content mg/l 0 6 Total Nitrogen mg/l 0.2– 1.0
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No. Parameter Unit Standard Value 7 Total Phosphorus mg/l 0.02 – 0.09 BOD 5 = biochemical oxygen demand, COD = chemical oxygen demand, l = liter, mg/l = milligram per liter, ml = millilitre, MPN = most probable number per 100ml, pH = potential of hydrogen. Source: Sub-Decree No. 27 ANRK.BK on Water Pollution Control. 1999.
4. Drinking water quality standards 47. For well water used for domestic purposes, including drinking, the Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy’s Drinking Water Quality Standards of January 2004 is the evaluation standard. These are summarized in Table 3. Table 3: Drinking Water standards Parameter Unit Standard Value pH mg/l 6.5 – 8.5 Turbidity NTU 5 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 Iron 0.03 Total Dissolved Solid mg/l 800 Chlorine mg/l 0.2-0.5 Copper mg/l 1 Sulphate mg/l 250 Nitrite mg/l 3 Nitrate mg/l 50 Lead mg/l 0.01 Mercury mg/l 0.001 Coliform CFU/100ml 0 CFU = Colony Forming Units, mg/l = milligram per liter, ml = millilitre, NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Unit, pH = potential of hydrogen. Source: Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy.
5. Solid waste management sub-decree
48. The sub-decree No. 36 ANRK.BK on Solid Waste Management is dated on 27 April 1999. The purpose of this sub-decree is to regulate solid waste management in order to ensure the protection of human health and the conservation of bio-diversity. 49. This sub-decree applies to all activities related to disposal, storage, collection, transport, recycling, dumping of garbage and hazardous waste. 6. Air pollution control sub-decree
50. The sub-decree No. 42 ANRK.BK on Air Pollution Control and Noise Disturbance dated 10 July 2000. Its purpose is to protect the quality of environment and public health from air pollutants and noise pollution (Tables 4 and 5). This sub-decree applies to all movable sources and immovable sources of air and noise pollution. Table 4: Ambient Air Quality Standard Period 1h Period 8h Period 24h Period 1year Parameters Average mg/m 3 Average mg/m 3 Average mg/m 3 Average mg/m 3 Carbon monoxide (CO) 40 20 - - Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) 0.3 - 0.1 -
Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) 0.5 - 0.3 0.1 Ozone (O 3) 0.2 - - - Lead (Pb) - - 0.005 - Total Suspended Particulate - - 0.33 0.1 (TSP) mg/m 3 = milligram per cubic meter. Note: This standard applied to evaluation of ambient air quality and to monitoring of air pollution status. Source: Sub-Decree No. 42 ANRK.BK on Control of Air Pollution and Noise Disturbance. 2000.
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Table 5: Maximum Permitted Noise Level in Public and Residential Area (dB (A))
Period Location 06:00 to 18:00 18:00 to 22:00 22:00 to 06:00 Silence Area - Hospital - Library 45 40 35 - School - Nursery Resident Area - Hotel 60 (55) 50 (55) 45 (45) - Administration place - House Commercial, Services Areas 70 65 50 and mix Small Industrial factories intermingling in residential 75 (70) 70 (70) 50 (70) areas Notes: This standard is applied to control of noise level of any source of activity that emitted noise into the public and residential areas. ( ) denotes World Bank/IFC EHS targets. Source: Sub-Decree No. 42 ANRK.BK on Control of Air Pollution and Noise Disturbance. 2000.
7. Silt/Sediment quality
51. For the re-use and disposal of silt from canal cleaning or dredging, there is no government standard. Standards applying to paddy field environments from China and Japan will therefore be referenced. These will include PRC: GB4284-84 Control standards for pollutants in sludge for agricultural use , PRC: GB/T23486-2009 Sludge quality for afforestation in gardens or forests, and Japan’s Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for soil pollution , August 1991. 8. National Integrated Pest Management Programme
52. The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Programme in Cambodia was established in 1993 after conducting national workshop on “Environment and IPM”. The overall goal of National IPM programme is to promote food security in Cambodia by enhancing the sustainability of intensified crop production system through the promotion of integrated crop management skills at farm level. The objectives of this programme are: (i) to reduce dependence on agricultural chemical, especially pesticides, in agricultural production and to minimize hazards to the human health, animals and environment; (ii) to develop the capacity of farmers and agricultural technical officers in conducting training and experiments so that they are able to identify problems occurring in agricultural production and find appropriate solution to deal with the problem by themselves; and (iii) to educate farmers on agricultural technology by enhancing their knowledge on field ecology and by developing skills among farmers in monitoring and analyzing field situations that enable them to manage crops properly.
53. At the national level, the position of the IPM Programme was strengthened by a Prakas (Ministerial Declaration) in July 2002, recognizing the National IPM Programme as coordinating body for all IPM related activities in Cambodia. The Prakas also established a Steering Committee and a Deputy Director to act as the National Coordinator. 54. For pesticides, while Cambodia is a signatory to the Stockholm Convention of persistent organic pollutants, it lacks restrictions on distribution and use of these chemicals, and can be accessible to personnel without proper training, equipment, and facilities to handle, store, apply and dispose of these products properly. In this case, international good practice such as the
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Food and Agricultural Organization’s International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides will be enacted by the project.
D. International Agreements
55. International Conventions and Agreements to which Cambodia is a signatory and to which the country has ratified are the following: (i) Kyoto Protocol ratified – 2002; (ii) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ratified - 1995; (iii) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - 1995; (iv) Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety – 2003; (v) UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) ratified – 1997; (vi) CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) – 1997; (vii) World Heritage Convention – 1991; (viii) ASEAN Heritage Convention (National Parks: Bokor and Virakchey) (regional) – 2003; (ix) Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships - 1994; (x) Measures on prevention of climate change, ozone depletion, on freshwater resource protection and on sustainable forest ASEAN - 1999; (xi) Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (RAMSAR) – 1999; (xii) Basel Convention on Control, Transport and Disposal of Trans-boundary Hazardous Waste - 2001; (xiii) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants – 2001; and (xiv) Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete Ozone Layer – 2001.
E. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines
56. ADB’s SPS (2009) applies pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practices as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines. The EHS Guidelines provide the context of international best practice and contribute to establishing targets for environmental performance. The noise standards in the EHS Guidelines will be used to complement the government standards in this document where needed. The EHS Guidelines provide no targets for water quality or soil quality. For these parameters United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Drinking Water Standards were used. 57. Occupational and community health and safety, as laid out in the EHS Guidelines, will be a cross-cutting assessment for the subprojects.
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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS
A. Overall Project
58. The TSSD-AF will modify the on-going project scope by strengthening activities in the existing 196 communes of the TSSD project and scale up the current project activities in an additional 75 communes. With the AF, the overall project impact will be improved livelihoods and resilience in target communes in five provinces in the Tonle Sap Basin 2 where TSSD activities have been undertaken. These five provinces, plus Battambang, and Prey Veng will be included in TSSD-AF. The project outcome will be increased agricultural productivity and improved access to markets in 271 communes in the Tonle Sap Basin. 59. The project has three major Outputs: Output 1: Rural productive infrastructure and livelihood improved with capacity in disaster risk management enhanced (i) Rural roads, small scale irrigation, and other production related infrastructure; (ii) Support to new and old livelihood improvement groups (LIGs); and (iii) Value chain support. Output 2: Enabling environment for increased agricultural productivity, diversification and climate resilience created. (i) Quarterly value chain cluster meetings; (ii) Information and communication technology (ICT)/commune mobile access program; (iii) Developing capacity to service agricultural machinery at commune level. Output 3: Project management strengthened. 60. TSSD-AF subproject outputs under Output 1 which require civil works will require environmental impact assessment. These are: 1a - Rural Roads: will rehabilitate a total of 450 km of DRR road in commune areas prone to floods. 1b - Small Scale Irrigation: will rehabilitate a total of 6,000 ha of irrigation capable of year round water provision and support tertiary irrigation construction where indicated as viable after a feasibility study.
61. Outputs 1a and 1b will be delivered under similar methodologies. Road and irrigation subprojects will be included in commune development plans (CDP), confirming community interest. 62. The civil works under Output 1 will be complemented by support to communes, water user groups and farmers under Output 2. Under this output, at each irrigation scheme the design and supervision consultants will ascertain if tertiary canals should be constructed or if pumping remains the better technical option. Should tertiary canals seem the appropriate option they will include the project on the CDP and make a request to the national design and construction supervision contractor to undertake a feasibility study. Once the feasibility study is approved by ADB tertiary canal construction can be supported. The environmental assessment of these works would be carried out in accordance with the EARF. 63. Capacity building in support of the civil works to ensure their sustainability will include training of trainers in the national climate smart curriculum being developed between the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the
2 Banteay Meanchey, Kampong Cham, Kampong Thom, Siem Reap, and Tboung Khmum provinces.
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United Nations under the service provision contract, rice and diversified production elements using training methodologies adapted from farmer field schools. The project will also facilitate quarterly meetings in each commune between input suppliers, farmers, and processors/traders to develop value chain clusters.
B. Core Subprojects 64. A long list of candidate subprojects was developed during the course of the PPTA, along with selection criteria for finalizing the preferred ones. These criteria identified the first two core subprojects to be funded. These are the Lvea Commune irrigation rehabilitation in Prey Veng Province and the Banthaey to Chbar village road rehabilitation in Kampong Cham Province (Figure 2). Figure 1: Location of Core Subprojects
Source : NIRVn - Map created using QGIS, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43121523.
1. Irrigation Rehabilitation in Lvea Commune, Prey Veng Province
65. Irrigated agriculture in Prey Veng Province is rice-based with irrigation used mainly for a second crop in the dry season. If sufficient irrigation water is available, a second crop of rice is sown. In general, lands have level topography and the poor condition of the canals is the primary constraint to irrigation. 66. Farmers employ low-head portable diesel pumps (owned or rented) where the water level in canals or even drains are too low to service lands by gravity. Rice yields are moderate to good in general between 1.5 and 3 ton/ha, with only a few places reaching 2.5 tons/ha. Post- harvest
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drying and processing are potentially wasteful with significant losses. Seed quality is often poor. Most planting is broadcast, and requires both rain and some irrigation to meet the large needs of land soaking and land preparation. 67. Under this subproject it is proposed to rehabilitate three secondary canals with a total length of 4 km. Water will come from primary and secondary canals supplied by Pumping Station No. 2 on the Trabaek River. These are: (i) Secondary Canal 1: a 1 km canal north of Highway 1 in Thnaot village, flowing south from a secondary canal: adding a command area of 57 ha for a dry season crop. (ii) Secondary Canal 2: a 3 km long canal south of Highway 1, starting at an intake gate on main canal (no. 10) and flowing eastward through Boeung Snao and Takork villages and finishing at a ruined Pol Pot era gate: adding 179 ha for a dry season crop. (iii) Secondary Canal 3: a 1 km long canal south of Highway 1, starting at an intake gate on main canal (no.10) and flowing westward: adding 69 ha for a dry season crop. 68. Rehabilitation will involve the excavation of existing canals to re-establish efficient flow rates and carrying capacities and the installation or repair of regulators at the junctions with main canal, and road/track crossing points.
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Figure 2: Location of Lvea Commune Irrigation Subproject Components (red) (From Google Earth) SC1
SC2 SC3
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Figure 3: Layout of Lvea Commune Irrigation Subproject SC1
SC3 SC2
Source: PPTA Team.
69. Expected increases in dry season cropping areas from the rehabilitation of these three secondary canals is 307ha: (i) 57 ha at Thnaot Village; (ii) 179 ha at Boeung Snao and Takork Villages; and (iii) 71 ha at the western extension of the Boeung Snao and Takork canal 70. The specifications of the subproject comprise works to improve the secondary canals. The proposed works are summarized in Table 6 and cross sections for the three canals at Figure 4. Table 6: List of Structures Description of Description of No. Station Type of Structure Existing Structure Rehabilitation Measure 1 SC1 (PK. 0+025) Pipe Culvert 1 Cell RE New Design with Pr/Ch 2 SC1 (PK. 0+410) Pipe Culvert 1 Cell RE New Design with Pr/Ch 3 SC2 (PK. 1+043) Pipe Culvert 1 Cell N/A New Design with Pr/Ch
4 SC2 (PK. 1+551) Pipe Culvert 1 Cell N/A New Design with Pr/Ch 5 SC2 (PK. 1+825) Pipe Culvert 1 Cell RE New Design with Pr/Ch 6 SC2 (PK. 2+094) Pipe Culvert 1 Cell RE New Design with Pr/Ch 7 SC3 (PK. 0+000) Pipe Culvert 1 Cell RE New Design with Pr/Ch 8 SC3 (PK. 0+420) Pipe Culvert 1 Cell N/A New Design with Pr/Ch Note: Note: RE: Remove existing structure, Pr/Ch: Protection/Channeling, N/A: Not available, SC: Secondary Canal
Figure 4: Typical Cross Section of Canals
Source: PPTA Team.
2. Village road rehabilitation in Chbar Ampov Communes
71. A 1.37 km section of the road through Chbar Ampov village will be rehabilitated. In a southerly direction, the proposed road joins a recently improved road which, through a longer route, links to Highway No. 6 through Chealea commune (see map below). This is the route villagers use when the road through Batheay commune to Highway No. 6 is flooded. 72. At present the village has a 5m to 6m wide earth road that was funded by the commune. The road is in fair condition but becomes muddy and slippery during rain. Two culverts taking drainage flows under the road are in good condition but may require cleaning. The road is affected by Mekong flood roughly one year in two. 73. It is assumed that traffic will comprise motorcycles, cars, small trucks and farm vehicles with maximum loads of 10 to 15 tons. 74. The road embankment will be raised where necessary to take the top elevation just over 10 m msl, which will be above the local Mekong flood level about 3 years in 4 and thereby provide improved disaster risk reduction. The road will be provided with 4 m wide x 0.15 m thick concrete surface. The decision on the pavement width was made with regard to cost and the need to restrict resettlement issues. Given the relatively low levels of traffic, continuous grassed shoulders built up to the height of the concrete pavement and providing a total width of 5 m will provide adequate space for larger vehicles to pass one another. The shoulder material must be stable but able to
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support grass. A well graded sandy soil with some gravel is suitable. The concrete pavement will be laid on a well compacted subbase which will be stabilized with cement or lime where necessary. 75. Grass will be planted on the embankment and shoulders to improve resilience to heavy rain and floods and thus improve climate resilience. 76. Some stone will come from the local stone quarry, but most construction material will come from the Skun town at the junction of Highway No. 6 and Highway No. 7, about 24 km from Chbar Ampov. 77. The Chbar Ampov Commune Committee – CC will be the project owner. The CC will sign and manage the contract and monitor construction by the contractor with guidance and support from the Infrastructure Design and Supervision Consultants. Figure 5: Project Location of Chab Ampov Village Road, Kampong Cham province
Concrete Pavement
C. 16 Subprojects 78. A long list of candidate subprojects was developed during the course of the implementation plan in 2019, along with selection criteria for finalizing the preferred ones. In fourth quarter of 2019, these criteria identified the sixteen (16) subprojects in seven provinces to be funded. Below table lists the 16 subprojects and location of target subprojects is in Figure 6.
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Table 7: List of Sixteen Subprojects for bidding in 4 th Quarter of 2019
Length No. Bid No. Description SP Type Commune District Province (km) TSSD-AF-BTB- Reparation of 5.00 km of Laterite Knach 1 NCB-W/RR005- Knach Romeas Laterite 5 Bavel Battambang Road Romeas NCDDS Road TSSD-AF-BTB- Improvement of 1.898 DBST Kouk Thma 2 NCB-W/RR021- km of Kouk Khmum 1.898 Battambang Road Khmum Koul NCDDS DBST Road Rehabilitation of 9 km of TSSD-AF-BTB- Inter Commune Basak~ SC Basak- 3 NCB-W/IR019- 9 Rukh Kiri Battambang Prek Chik Canal Irrigation Prek Chik NCDDS subproject TSSD-AF-BMC- Preah Upgrading of 2.786 km DBST Banteay 4 NCB-W/RR006- 2.786 Bos Sbov Netr of Bos Sbov DBST Road Road Meanchey NCDDS Preah TSSD-AF-BMC- Improvement of 2.511km SBST Banteay 5 NCB-W/RR008- of Samraong SBST 2.51 Ou Chrov Road Meanchey NCDDS Road Msar Improvement of 6.056 TSSD-AF-KPT- Krang and km of Msar Krang and SBST Kampong 6 NCB-W/RR010- 6 Kampong Stoung Kampong Chen Cheung Road Thom NCDDS Chen SBST Road Cheung TSSD-AF-KPT- Improvement of 4.390km Tang DBST Kampong 7 NCB-W/RR017- of Tang Krasang – Pnov 4.39 Krasang- Santuk Road Thom NCDDS DBST Road Pnov TSSD-AF-KPT- Construction of 7.388 km Sandan Laterite Kampong 8 NCB-W/RR003- of Sandan – Dang 7.388 and Dang Sandan Road Thom NCDDS Kambet Laterite Road Kambet TSSD-AF-PVG- Construction of 3.497 km SBST Kampong Kampong 9 NCB-W/RR023- of Kampong Trabeak 3.497 Prey Veng Road Trabaek Trabaek NCDDS SBST Road TSSD-AF-PVG- Improvement of 2.750 SBST Sithor 10 NCB-W/RR014- km of Romlech SBST 2.75 Romlech Prey Veng Road Kandal NCDDS Road Improvement of 1.00 km TSSD-AF-SRP- Asphalt of Chreav Asphalt Siem 11 NCB-W/RR007- 1 Concrete Chreav Siem Reap Concrete Pavement Reap NCDDS Road Road TSSD-AF-SRP- Rehabilitation of 8.993 Earth 12 NCB-W/RR009- km of Svay Sar Earth 8.993 Svay Sar Varin Siem Reap Road NCDDS Road TSSD-AF-TKM- Rehabilitation of 5.5 km SC Ponhea Tboung 13 NCB-W/IR013- of Bak Ay Canal 5.5 Kak Irrigation Kraek Khmum NCDDS subproject TSSD-AF-TKM- Upgrading of 1.5 km of Concrete Krouch Tboung 14 NCB-W/RR004- Tuol Snuol Concrete 1.5 Tuol Snuol Road Chhmar Khmum NCDDS Road TSSD-AF-KPC- Construction of 3.327 km DBST Batheay- Kampong 15 NCB-W/RR016- of Batheay – Me Pring 3.327 Batheay Road Me Pring Cham NCDDS DBST Road TSSD-AF-KPC- construction of 2.508 km SBST Sdaeung Cheung Kampong 16 NCB-W/RR015- of Sdaeung Chey SBST 2.508 Road Chey Prey Cham NCDDS Road
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Figure 6: Location of 16 Subproject
1. Laterite Road Reparation Sub-project in Khnach Romeas Commune, Bavel District, Battambang Province (5km-length and 1 road culvert) 79. The proposed sub-project names the laterite road construction of Khnach Romeas Commune. This sub-project is located in Khnach Romeas Commune, Bavel District, Battambang Province. This proposed sub-project is located about 45km north-west of Battambang City and it could be passing and take about 1 hour through National Road 5 and National Road 57B. The Khnach Romeas Commune is bounded by Bavel and Kdol Tahen Commune at the west, at the east side is bordered with Anlung Run and Roung Chrey Commune and at the north is bounded by Ta Kream Commune. 80. This proposed laterite pavement road construction sub-project of Khnach Romeas Commune is linking from National Road No. 57B to provincial road (Phnom 150) which it could be accessed to provincial town. As present, the proposed road is basically constructed earth road which had been used by people in four villages of Khnach Romeas Commune and also used by other people from neighbor communes and the road condition is muddy, slippery while raining and flooded during wet season. Based on survey team, the existing top width road is 5.5 m – 6.5 m (See Photo 1). Photo 1: Original Condition of Design Road in Khnach Romeas Commune, Battambang Province
81. The proposed laterite road which originally in Commune Investment Plan (CIP) is 18.89km length with 6m width (the existing width is 5.5 m – 6.5 m), 1:1.5 of slide slope and 11 places of single pipe culverts (800mm diameters and 7m-length) and it was already surveyed but according to some existing condition of the road is properly usable so the design team have decided to select station 8+000 to station 13+000 for detail design study which this station which currently condition is muddy, slippery while raining and flooded during heavy raining. This proposed station 8+000 to 13+00 laterite road sub-project with length of 5km, width of 5m, 1:1.5 side slop, one (1) single pipe culvert (800m diameters and 6.0m length) and laterite pavement of 150mm-thk. Based on typical cross section (Figure 7), the total road shoulder is 1 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. The estimation period of construction of Khnach Romeas Laterite Road Sub-project is about 150 days
Table 8: Summary Scope of Work for Laterite Road Reparation Sub-project in Khnach Romeas Commune
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with 1.1 tone 40 Fair road in 50 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staffs and labor to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed works LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by 2.1 m2 50,624.25 removing of top soil at least 15cm-thk 2.2 Removing and Disposal of the trees having 30cm-dia. or more. no 15 2.3 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 39,747.83 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.4 m3 39,747.83 compaction, no less than 98% Soil transportation from borrow pit area to construction site with 2.5 m3 39,747.83 difficult road in 50 km-dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment 2.6 m2 4,956.37 and growth establishing 2.7 Laterite cost and excavation for road pavement after compacted m3 3,945.00 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering 2.8 m3 3,945.00 and compaction, no less than 98% Laterite/gravel transportation to construction site with difficult 2.9 m3 3,945.00 road in 50 km-dist. 3 Structure 3.1 Reinforced concrete M25 (include material transportation) m3 3.54 3.2 Blinding concrete M10 (include material transportation) m3 1.82 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut, bent and fixed 3.3 Kg 164.98 securely in place as shown on the drawings 3.4 RC pipe, 0.8m-dia. m 7 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 3 4.2 Project Signboard no. 1 Traffic sign as required on approaches to road embankment 4.3 no. 4 (Provisional Qty.) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Environmental Health and Safety Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient 5.1 LS 1 safety equipment (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) LS 1 Source: SSP6, 2019
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Figure 7: Typical Cross Section of Laterite Road Reparation Sub-project in Khnach Romeas Commune
2. DBST Road Sub-project in Kouk Khmum Commune, Thma Koul District, Battambang Province (1.898 km-length) 82. The proposed sub-project names the DBST road construction of Kouk Khmum Commune. This sub-project is located in Kouk Khmum Commune, Thma Koul District, Battambang Province. The Kouk Khmum Commune is bounded by Ta Meun and Ta Pung Commune at the east, at the west side is bordered with Bansay Traeng Commune, at the south is bounded by Ou Ta Ki Commune and at the north is bounded by Chrouy Sdau Commune. 83. At the present, the proposed road is basically constructed laterite road which had been used by people in three villages of Kouk Khmum Commune and also used by other people from neighbor communes and the road condition is muddy, slippery while raining and flooded during wet season. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 9 meter.
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Photo 2: Original Condition of Design Road in Kouk Khmum, Battambang Province
84. Designed dimension standards of DBST Road in Kouk Khmum commune are 1.898 km- length, 4m-width, DBST pavement 38mm-thk, base course of 150mm-thickness and laterite sub-base is to vary following existing level. Based on typical cross section (Figure 8), the total road shoulder is 0.5 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides.The estimation of construction of Kouk Khmum DBST Road Sub-project is about 120 days. 85. Under achievement output of the DBST Road sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 9: Summary Scope of Work for DBST Road Sub-project in Kouk Khmum Commune
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with good road 1.1 tone 40 in 25 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labor to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed work LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top 2.1 m2 9,857.23 soil at least 15cm-thk Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and 2.2 m2 1,563.35 growth establishing 2.3 Laterite cost and excavation for road sub-base after compacted m3 3,112.99 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.4 m3 3,112.99 compaction, no less than 98% Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with good road in 40 km- 2.5 m3 3,112.99 dist. 3 Structure 3.1 DBST pavement (Include material transportations) m3 292.29 Base course/Crush stone 12mm-40mm ,CBR>80%, Compact 98%, 3.2 m3 1,239.39 (Include material transportations)
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 1 4.2 Project Sign Board no. 1 Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road embankment (Provisional 4.3 no. 3 Qty.) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) LS 1 Figure 8: Typical Cross Section of DBST Road Sub-project in Kouk Khmum Commune
3. DBST Road Sub-project in Bos Sbov commune, Preah Netr Preah District, Banteay Meanchey Province (2.786km-length and 5 road culverts) 86. The proposed sub-project names the DBST Road construction of Bos Sbov Commune. This sub-project is located in Bos Sbov Commune, Preah Netr Preah District, Banteay Meanchey Province. This proposed sub-project is located about 20km eastern of Serei Saophoan City (the capital town of Banteay Meanchey Province) and the proect site could be reached through National Road 6 about 10km from the town and about 10km through Road No.268B and take about 30min. The Bos Sbov Commune is bounded by Sangkat Kampong Svay of Serei Saophoan City at the west, at the east side is bordered with Saroung and Ta Pho Commune of Svay Chek
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Commune and at the south is bounded by Sangkat Phneat of Serei Saophoan. 87. This proposed DSBT road construction sub-project of Bos Sbov Commune is linking two villages namely Kbal Khting and Bantoat Baoh to Road No.268B and National Road N.6. At the present, the proposed road is basically constructed earth road which had been used by people in two villages of Bos Sbov Commune and also used by other people from neighbor communes and the road condition is muddy, slippery while raining and flooded during wet season. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 5 m – 6.5 m (Photo 3). Photo 3: Original condition of design road in Bos Sbov Commune, Banteay Meanchey Province
88. The proposed DBST road which originally in CIP is 2.78km length with 5 places of single pipe culverts (1000mm-diameter and 7m-length) and the designed dimension of the DBST is 2.78km with 5m-width, 1:1.5 of slide slopes with 5 places of single pipe culvert (1000mm- diameter and 7m-length). The estimation of construction of Bos Sbov DBST Road Sub-project is about 120 days. Based on typical cross section (Figure 9), the total road shoulder is 1 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. 89. Under achievement output of the DBST Road sub-project of the Bos Sbov, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 10: Summary Scope of Work for DBST Road Sub-project in Bos Sbov commune
No. Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with Fair road in 1.1 tone 40 19km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staffs and labors to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed works LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top soil 2.1 m2 19,652.75 at least 15cm-thk 2.2 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 2,847.15
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No. Description of work Unit Quantity Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, no less 2.3 m3 2,847.15 than 98% Soil Transportation from borrow pit to construction site with fair road in 2 km- 2.4 m3 2,847.15 dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and growth 2.5 m2 2,376.01 establishing 2.6 Laterite cost and excavation for road sub-base after compacted m3 1,716.18 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.7 m3 1,716.18 compaction, no less than 98% 2.8 Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with Fair road in 20 km-dist. m3 1,716.18 3 Structure and DBST 3.1 DBST-38mm m3 529.34 3.1a Crush Stone m3 3,172.42 3.2 Reinforced concrete M25 m3 24.65 3.3 Blinding concrete M10 m3 11.3 3.4 Mortar m3 0.12 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut, bent and fixed securely in place 3.5 Kg 1,630.60 as shown on the drawings 3.6 RC pipe, 1m-dia. m 35 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 3 4.2 Project signboard no. 1 4.3 Traffic sign as required on approaches to road embankment (Provisional Qty.) no. 3 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) LS 1
4. Samraong SBST Road Sub-project (2.511 Km-Length and 1 Box culvert) in Samraong Commune, Ou Chrov District, Banteay Meanchey Province 90. The proposed sub-project names the Samraong SBST Road is located Samraong commune, Ou Chrov District of Banteay Meanchey Province, around 22 km west of the provincial and through National Road No. 5. Banteay Meanchey is a province of Cambodia located on the Uplands of the Country. It borders the provinces of Battambang to the south, Siem Reap to the east, Paoy Paet to the west, and shares an international border with Thialand to the west. Its capital and largest city is Serei Saophoan. 91. Ou Chrov district is a western district in the province and shares a border with Thialand and Battambang province. Reading from the north clockwise, Ou chrov shares a border with Serei Saophoan district to the east. The north border of the district is shared with Svay Chek District of Banteay Meanchey and the Thailand, province Sa Kaeo, which also wraps around to the western border. To the south Bavel districts of Battambang. 92. The sub-project was originally constructed in the Khmer Rouge Regime in about 1977.
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The methodology of construction can be classified as indigenous as no heavy equipment was available by that time. The compaction of the road embankment was done manually, pooling a mass of people to do the required filling and compaction. As a result, the facilities did not last long under extreme weather conditions like heavy rains and floods. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 7 m – 9 m. Photo 4: Original condition of Design Road in Samraong commune, Banteay Meanchey Province
93. Designed dimension standards of SBST Road in Samraong commune are 2.511 km- length, 5m-width , SBST pavement 19mm-thk, Base course of 200mm-thickness and laterite sub- base is to vary following existing level, and 1 box culverts. Based on typical cross section (Figure 10), the total road shoulder is 1.2 meter width that will be grassed sod both sides. 94. Under achievement output of the SBST Road sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 11: Summary of Scope of Work for Samraong SBST Road Sub-project
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with good road in 1.1 tone 40 22 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staffs and labours to site LS 1 1.3 Site camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed works LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top 2.1 m2 18,659.03 soil at least 15cm-thk 53.00 2.2 Removing and disposal of the trees having a 30cm diameter. nos. (Fruit Tree) Supplying and grassing on both side slopes of road embankment and 2.3 m2 4,846.81 growth establishing 2.4 Laterite cost and excavation for subbase after compacted m3 7,878.90 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road Laterite with watering and compaction, 2.5 m3 7,974 no less than 98%
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with good road in 50 km- 2.6 m3 7,878.90 dist .
3 Structure 3.1 SBST pavement (Include material transportations) m3 247.35 Base course/Crush stone 12mm-40mm ,CBR>80%, Compact 98%, (Include 3.2 m3 2,726.95 material transportations) Reinforced concrete M25 for cross drainages (Include material 3.3 m3 29.31 transportations) Blinding concrete M10 for cross drainages (Include material 3.4 m3 2.10 transportations) Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed securely 3.5 Kg 3,640.88 in place as shown on the Drawings (Include material transportation) 3.6 Soil fill, spread, watering, compaction and removal for detour road nos 1 3.7 Gabion Mattress (6x2x0.3m) m3 4.80 3.8 Geo-Textile m2 19.60
4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) nos. 2 4.2 Project Sign Board nos. 1 Traffic sign as required on approaches to road embankment (Provisional 4.3 nos. 3 Qty.) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) LS 1
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Figure 9: Typical Cross Section of DBST Road Sub-project in Bos Sbov commune
Figure 10: Typical Cross Section of Samraong SBST Road Sub-project
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5. SBST Road Improvement Sub-project in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes, Stoung District, Kampong Thom Province (6.056km-length with 1 Road box culvert) 95. The proposed sub-project names the SBST Road is located Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes, Stoung District of Kampong Thom Province. This sub-project is located about 55km at the east west of Kampong Thom Town and this area could be accessed through National Road No. 6. At the present, the proposed road is basically constructed laterite road which had been used by people in six villages of these two communes. The road condition is muddy and slippery while raining and flooded if heavily rain. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 6.9 m – 9 m. Photo 5: Original condition of design road in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes, Stoung District, Kampong Thom Province
96. The proposed subproject is link through Msar Krang Commune to Kampong Chen Cheung Commune was identified as prioritized and top-ranking sub-project of 59 target communes of Kampong Thom Province. This design standard of SBST pavement road improvement sub-project with 6.056km-length, 5m-width and 1:1.5 side slop with one (1) place of box culvert (4.7m-width, 7.5m-length) will be constructed to link Stoung capital town to Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes. Based on typical cross section (Figure 11), the total road shoulder is 1.2 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. The total number of civil works of Chi Meas SBST pavement improvement project is about 210days. 97. Under achievement output of the SBST Road sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 12: Summary Scope of Work for SBST Road Improvement Sub-project in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with 1.1 tone 40 good road in 5km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labour to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed work s LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by 2.1 m2 47,357.48 removing of top soil at least 15cm-thk 160.00 2.2 Removing and disposal of the tree having 30cm.dia no. (Fruit trees)
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity
2.3 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 21,858.71 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.4 m3 21,858.71 compaction, no less than 98% Soil transportation from borrow pit area to construction site with 2.5 m3 21,858.71 fair road in 3 km-dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment 2.6 m2 10,917.56 and growth establishing 2.7 Laterite cost and excavation for road sub-base after compacted m3 3,471 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering 2.8 m3 3,471 and compaction, no less than 98% Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with fair road in 2.9 m3 4,512.30 30 km-dist. 3 Structure
3.1 SBST pavement (Include material transportation) m3 581.38
Base course/Crush stone 12mm-40mm ,CBR>80%, Compact 3.2 m3 4,808.46 98%, (Include material transportation) 3.3 Remove existing structures and disposal LS 1
3.4 Temporary coffer dam and Detour m3 325
3.5 Soil excavation for bridge foundation . m3 103.79
3.6 Soil backfill and compaction, no less than 98% for Box Culvert m3 24.60 Reinforced concrete M25 for cross drainages (Include material 3.7 m3 32.12 transportation) Blinding concrete M10 for cross drainages (Include material 3.8 m3 3 transportation) Cerement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed securely 3.9 in place as shown on the Drawings (Include material Kg 4,497.12 transportation) 3.10 Dowel Bar (Ø16) no. 10
3.11 PVC water stop (w=200mm) m 12.90 3.12 Steel U 50x50x3mm m 19.20
3.13 Gabion Mattress (6x2x0.3m) m3 12.61 3.14 Geo-Textile m2 60
4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 7 4.2 Project Signboard no. 1 Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road embankment 4.3 no. 20 (Provisional Qty.) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1
5 Safety and environment control
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient 5.1 LS 1 safety equipment (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environment management plan (EMP) LS 1 Figure 11: Typical Cross Section of SBST Road Improvement Sub-project in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes
6. DBST Road Subproject in Pnov & Tang Krasang commune, Santuk District, Kampong Thom Province (4.395km-length and 1 pipe culvert) 98. The proposed sub-project names the DBST Road construction of Pnov-Tang Krasang Commune. This sub-project is located in Pnov and Tang Krasang Commune, Santuk District, Kampong Thom Province. The proposed sub-project is located about 34km from Steung Sen town of Kampong Thom Province (Fig. 9). This sub-project site could be accessed through National Road No.6 and take about one hour from the Steung Sen town. 99. This proposed DSBT road construction sub-project of Tang Krasang and Pnov Commune is linking Pnov and Tang Krasang Commune to National Road No. 6 especially it is linking the commune to community market of Santuk District where is located along the National Road No.6. 100. As present, the proposed road is basically laterite road which had been used by people from Tang Krasang and Pnov Commune and also used by other people from neighbor communes and the road condition is muddy, slippery while raining and flooded during wet season. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 7 m.
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Photo 6: Original condition of design road of Pnov – Tang Krasang DBST Road, Kampong Thom province
The designed standard of DBST road is 4.395km length (5m-width and 1:1.5 of side slope) with 1 places of single pipe culverts (1000mm-diameter and 6m-length). The construction of Pnov-Tang Krasang DBST Road is estimated about 180days (6 months) . Based on typical cross section ( 101. Figure 12), the total road shoulder is 1.63 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides 102. Under achievement output of the DBST Road sub-project of the Pnov and Tang Kransang Commune, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 13: Summary Scope of Work for DBST Road Subproject in Pnov & Tang Krasang commune
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with hard road in 18 1.1 tone 40 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staffs and labors to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed works LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top soil 2.1 m2 34,805.33 at least 15cm-thk 2.2 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 4,340.11 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, no 2.3 m3 4,340.11 less than 98% Soil Transportation from borrow pit to construction site with fair road in 2 km- 2.4 m3 4,340.11 dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and growth 2.5 m2 14,846.26 establishing 2.6 Laterite cost and excavation for road sub-base after compacted m3 3,292.50 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.8 m3 3,292.50 compaction, no less than 98% 2.7 Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with fair road in 20 km-dist. m3 3,292.50 3 Structure and DBST 3.1 DBST pavement (Include material transportation) m3 834.10
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity Base course/Crush stone 12mm-40mm ,CBR>80%, Compact 98%, (Include 3.1a m3 4,390 material transportation) 3.2 Reinforced concrete M25 m3 4.93 3.3 Blinding concrete M10 m3 2.26 3.4 Mortar m3 0.02 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut, bent and fixed securely in place 3.5 Kg 326.12 as shown on the drawings 3.8 RC pipe, 1m-dia. m 6 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 5.00 4.2 Project signboard no. 1 4.3 Traffic sign as required on approaches to road embankment (Provisional Qty.) no. 3 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) LS 1
Figure 12: Typical Cross Section of DBST Road Subproject in Pnov & Tang Krasang commune
7. Sandan-Dang Kambet Laterite Road Sub-project in Sandan & Dang Kambet Communes, Sandan District, Kampong Thom Province (7.39km-Length with 01 Concrete Bridge, 01 Causeway and 4 Culverts) 103. The proposed sub-project names the rehabilitation of Sandan-Dang Kambet laterite road. This laterite road located in Sandan and Dang Kambet commune, Sandan district, Kampong Thom province. Sandan is at the north of Kampong Thom provincial town, the district capital of Sandan is located around 70km north-east of the provincial capital town of Kampong Thom province. 104. As present, the proposed road is basically unconstructed earth road which had been used by people in three villages of these two communes. The road condition is muddy and slippery while raining and people could not be accessed if heavily rain, an old wooden bridge across Ou Touk have been constructed by people’s fund of Sandan commune but currently is almost unusable and another one wooden bridge also constructed by people in Dang Kambet Commune and it is unusable for
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heavy vehicles even two-wheel hand tractor or car. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 5 m – 15 m. Photo 7: Existing Condition of two Bridges along the Proposed Laterite Road in Sandan-Dang Kambet, Kampong Thom province
The proposed subproject is link through Sandan Commune to Dang Kambet Commune was identified as prioritized and top ranking sub-project of 59 target communes of Kampong Thom Province. This proposed sub-project for construction of laterite pavement road with 7.39km-length, 4.5m-width and 1:1.5 side slop with 3 single pipe culverts (6.0m-diameters and 6.0m-length), a triple pipe culvert (600mm diameters and 6.0m length), a causeway (17.3m-width and 6.0m length) and a bridge (4.8m-width and 12.5m-length) will be constructed to link between Dan Kambet commune to Sandan commune which is the capital town of Sandan district. Based on typical cross section (
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105. Figure 13), the total road shoulder is 2 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. 106. Under achievement output of the Laterite Road construction sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 14: Summary Scope of Work for Sandan-Dang Kambet Laterite Road Sub-project in Sandan & Dang Kambet Communes Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with good road in 1.1 tone 40 70 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labour to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed work s LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top soil 2.1 m2 64,389.13 at least 15cm-thk 225.00 (Fruit tree; 2.2 Removing and Disposal of the tree having 30cm.dia no. cashew nut, Banna …) 2.3 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 69,664.32 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, no 2.4 m3 69,664.32 less than 98% Soil transportation from borrow pit area to construction site with difficult road 2.5 m3 69,664.32 in 5 km-dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and growth 2.6 m2 30,352.79 establishing 2.7 Laterite cost and excavation for road pavement after compacted m3 7,912.55 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.8 m3 7,912.55 compaction, no less than 98% 2.9 Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with difficult road in 5 km-dist . m3 7,912.55 3 Structure 3.1 Reinforced c oncrete pavement M30 m3 30.69
3.2 Reinforced concrete M25 m3 150.02 3.3 Blinding concrete M10 m3 40.10 3.4 Mortar m3 2.05 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed securely in 3.5 Kg 14,429.73 place as shown on the Drawings
3.6 Stone Masonry m3 10.04 3.7 Pile 300 x 300 m 96 3.8 Gabion Mattress (6x2x0.3m) m3 39.60 3.9 Geo-Textile m2 132
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity 3.10 RC pipe, 0.6m-dia. m 138 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 6 4.2 Project Sign Board no. 1
4.3 Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road embankment (Provisional Qty.) no. 15 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environment management plan (EMP) LS 1
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Figure 13: Typical Cross Section of Sandan-Dang Kambet Laterite Road Sub-project in Sandan & Dang Kambet Communes
8. Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project (3.479 km of Length, 5m-width) in Kampong Trabaek Commune, Kampong Trabaek District, Prey Veng Province 107. The proposed sub-project names the SBST Road construction of Kampong Trabaek Commune, Kampong Trabaek District, Prey Veng Province. This proposed sub-project is located about 57km south east of Prey Veng town and it could be accessed through National Road 11 and National Road No 1. The Kampong Trabaek Commune is bordered by Prasat and Kansoma Ak Commune at the east, Krang Savay and Sena Reach Odorm Commune of Preah Sdach Commune at the west, Peam Muntea Commune at the south and Sdoa Kaong Commune of Ba Phnom District at the north. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 4 m – 6 m. Photo 8: Original condition of design road in Kampong Trabaek commune, Prey Veng Province
Designed dimension standards of SBST Road in Kampong Trabaek Commune are 3.497km-length, 5m- width, SBST pavement. The construction of Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project is estimated about 90days (3 months). Based on typical cross section (
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108. Figure 14), the total road shoulder is 1 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. 109. Under achievement output of the SBST Road sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 15: Summary Scope of Work for Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with good road in 13 tone 40 1.1 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staffs and labors to site LS 1 1.3 Site camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed works LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top soil 2.1 m2 26,053.90 at least 15cm-thk 115 2.2 Removing and disposal of the trees having a 30cm dia nos. (Fruit tree) 2.3 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 11,508.78 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, no less 2.4 m3 11,508.78 than 95% Soil Transportation from borrow pit to construction site with fair road in 2 km- 2.5 m3 11,508.78 dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slopes of road embankment and growth 2.6 m2 6,749.59 establishing 2.7 Laterite cost and excavation for Sub-base after compacted m3 1,986.30 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road Laterite with watering and compaction, 2.8 m3 1,986.30 no less than 98% 2.9 Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with good road in 14 km-dist. m3 1,986.30 3 Structure 3.1 SBST pavement (Include material transportations) m3 335.71 Base course/Crush stone 12mm-40mm ,CBR>80%, Compact 98%, (Include 3.2 m3 2,776.62 material transportations) 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) nos. 2 4.2 Project Sign Board nos. 1 4.3 Traffic sign as required on approaches to road embankment (Provisional Qty.) nos. 3 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) LS 1
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Figure 14: Typical Cross Section of Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project
9. SBST ROAD SUB-PROJECT in Rumlech Commune, Sithor Kandal District, Prey Veng Province (2.750km-length with 5 pipe culvert) 110. The proposed sub-project names the SBST Road is located Rulech commune, Sithor Kandal District of Prey Veng Province. Prey Veng Province is bordered by those of Kampong Cham to the northwest, Tbong Khmum to the northeast, Kandal to the west, and Svay Rieng to the east and by Vietnam to the south. The total land area of the province is 4,883 km², which equals 2.7% of the total land area of Cambodia (181,035 km²). This consists of 445.18 km² or 9.12% of human settlements, 3,100 km² or 63.49% of agricultural land use, 194.61 km² or 3.99% of forested area, 1,082.86 km² or 22.18% of public land, infrastructure and water bodies. The remaining 60.35 km² or 1.24% are unused areas. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 7 m – 8 m. Photo 9: Original condition of design road in Rumlech Commune, Prey Veng Province
Designed dimension standards of SBST Road in Rumlech commune are 2.750 km-length, 5m- width, SBST pavement 19mm-thk, Base course of 150mm-thickness, laterite sub-base 200mm-
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thickness and embankment is to vary following existing level, and 05 single pipe culverts. Based on typical cross section ( 111. Figure 15), the total road shoulder is 1 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. The completion deadline for each construction schedules at least consist three months . 112. Under achievement output of the SBST Road sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 16: Summary Scope of Work for SBST Road Sub-Project in Rumlech Commune
Item Description of work Unit Quantity
1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with good road in 1.1 tone 40 30 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labour to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed work LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top 2.1 m2 19,310.90 soil at least 15cm-thk 2.2 Removing and Disposal of the tree having 30cm.dia no. 8 2.3 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 7,328.20 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, no 2.4 m3 7,328.20 less than 98% Soil Transportation from borrow pit to construction site with fair road in 2 2.5 m3 7,328.20 km-dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and growth 2.6 m2 2,459.48 establishing 2.7 Laterite cost and excavation for road sub-base after compacted m3 3,245 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.8 m3 3,245 compaction, no less than 98% Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with good road in 28 km- 2.9 m3 3,245 dist. 3 Structure 3.1 SBST pavement (Include material transportations) m3 266.75 Base course/Crush stone 12mm-40mm ,CBR>80%, Compact 98%, (Include 3.2 m3 2,208.25 material transportations) Reinforced concrete M25 for cross drainages (Include material 3.3 m3 13.25 transportations) Blinding concrete M10 for cross drainages (Include material 3.4 m3 6.58 transportations) 3.5 Mortar (Include material transportations) m3 0.07 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed securely 3.6 Kg 780.95 in place as shown on the Drawings 3.7 RC pipe, 0.6m-dia. (Include material transportations) m 30 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 3 4.2 Project Sign Board no. 1
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road embankment (Provisional 4.3 no. 3 Qty.) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) LS 1
Figure 15: Typical Cross Section of SBST Road Sub-Project in Rumlech Commune
10. Asphalt Concrete Road Improvement Sub-Project in Sangkat Chreav, Siem Reap Municipality, Siem Reap Province (1.0km length with 2 pipe culverts) 113. The proposed sub-project names the Asphalt Concrete Road Construction of Sangkat Chreav, Siem Reap District, Siem Reap Province. This proposed sub-project is located in the Siem Reap Municipality and it is located about 3.5 km from National Road No.6. The Sangkat Chreav is bounded by Kandek Commune of Prasat Bakong District at the east, at the west side is bordered with Sangkat Siem Reap, Sangkat Slor Kram at the north and bordered by Tonle Sap Lake at the south. 114. This proposed asphalt concrete road construction sub-project of Sangkat Chreav is linking from provincial road to National Road No.6. As present, the proposed road is basically constructed laterite road which had been used by people in one villages of Sangkat Chreav and also used by other people from neighbor Sangkats and the road condition is muddy, slippery while raining. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 9 m.
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Photo 10: Original condition of design road in Sangkat Chreav, Siem Reap Province
115. This design standard of asphalt concrete road sub-project with length of 1.0km, width of 5m and 1:1.5 side slop with two (2) single pipe culverts (1,000m diameters and 6.0m length). Based on typical cross section (Figure 11), the total road shoulder is 1.5 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides 116. Under achievement output of the Asphalt Concrete Road sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 17: Summary Scope of Work for Asphalt Concrete Road Improvement Sub-Project in Sangkat Chreav
Item Description of work Unit Quantity
1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with good road 1.1 tone 40 in 4 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labor to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed work LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top 2.1 m2 10,356.35 soil at least 15cm-thk 2.2 Removing and Disposal of the tree having 30cm.dia no. 8 2.3 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 7,619.30 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, 2.4 m3 7,619.30 no less than 98% Soil Transportation from borrow pit to construction site with fair road in 10 2.5 m3 7,619.30 km-dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and 2.6 m2 4,795.34 growth establishing 2.7 Laterite cost and excavation for road sub-base after compacted m3 1,213 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.8 m3 1,213 compaction, no less than 98% Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with good road in 70 km- 2.9 m3 1,213 dist. 3 Structure
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity Asphalt Concrete pavement (Include material transportations) m2 5,000
3.1 SBST pavement (Include material transportations) m3 96 Base course/Crush stone 12mm-40mm ,CBR>80%, Compact 98%, 3.2 m3 1,086 (Include material transportations) Reinforced concrete M25 for cross drainages (Include material 3.3 m3 9.86 transportations) Blinding concrete M10 for cross drainages (Include material 3.4 m3 3.88 transportations) 3.5 Mortar (Include material transportations) m3 0.04 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed securely 3.6 Kg 652.24 in place as shown on the Drawings 3.7 RC pipe, 1m-dia. (Include material transportations ) m 12 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 2 4.2 Project Sign Board no. 1 Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road embankment (Provisional 4.3 no. 3 Qty.) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, 5.1 Banners, Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety LS 1 equipment (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) LS 1 Figure 16: Typical Cross Section of Asphalt Concrete Road Improvement Sub-Project in Sangkat Chreav
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11. Earth Road Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Svay Sar Commune, Varin District, Siem Reap Province (8.993 km-length and 5 Pipe Culverts) 117. The proposed sub-project names the rehabilitation of earth road. This Earth road located in Svay Sar commune, Varin district, Siem Reap province. This commune is located around 100km north of the provincial capital town of Siem Reap and about 10km from Varin district. 118. The sub-project was originally constructed by the Khmer Rouge Regime in about 1977. The compaction of the road embankment was done manually, pooling a mass of people to do the required filling and compaction. As a result, the facilities did not last long under extreme weather conditions like heavy rains and floods. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 4 m – 8 m. Photo 11: Original condition of design road in Svay Sar Commune, Varin District, Siem Reap Province
119. The commune has proposed to improve the road by rehabilitating the earth road for 8.993km of length with the road width of 6m and install the 5 single pipe culverts and expected that after the subproject is completed the construction works, the people in commune have a good road for communication ease from where to other where such as health center, school, market, public service, etc. with minimizing of traveling period and payment. Based on typical cross section (Figure 17), the total road shoulder is 1 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. The completion deadline for each construction schedules at least consist three months. Table 18: Summary Scope of Work for Earth Road Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Svay Sar Commune
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with fair road in 51 1.1 ton 40 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labour to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed works LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top soil 2.1 m2 65,678 at least 15cm-thk 30.00 2.2 Removing and disposal of the trees having a 30cm dia nos. (Fruit tree) 2.3 Existing road excavation m3 1,428.98 2.4 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 36,652.50
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, no 2.5 m3 38,081.48 less than 98% Soil Transportation from borrow pit to construction site with fair road in 3 km- 2.6 m3 36,652.50 dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and growth 2.7 m2 14,035.74 establishing 3 Structure Reinforced concrete M25 for cross drainages (Include material 3.1 m3 15.92 transportations) 3.2 Blinding concrete M10 for cross drainages (Include material transportations) m3 8.42 3.3 Mortar (Include material transportation) m3 0.10 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed securely in 3.4 Kg 807.32 place as shown on the Drawings (Include material transportation) 3.5 RC pipe, 0.6m-dia. (Include material transportation) m 14 3.6 RC pipe, 0.8m-dia. (Include material transportation) m 21 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) nos. 2 4.2 Project Sign Board nos. 1 4.3 Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road embankment (Provisional Qty.) nos. 3 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) LS 1 Figure 17: Typical Cross Section of Earth Road Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Svay Sar Commune
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12. Concrete Road Sub-Project in Tuol Snuol Commune, Krouch Chhmar District, Tboung Khmum Province (1.5km-length with 2 road culverts) 120. The proposed sub-project names the reinforced concrete road construction of Tuol Snuol Commune. This sub-project is located in Tuol Snuol Commune, Krouch Chhmar District, Tboung Khmum Province. This proposed sub-project is located about 51km west of Tboung Khmum capital twon and it could be passing about 1 hour through National Road 7 and Chub Rubber Plantation Road. The Tuol Snuol Commune is bounded by Prek Achi Commune at the west, at the east side is bordered with Chhuk Commune, at the north is bounded by Svay Klaeng Commune and bordered by Roka Por Pram at the south. 121. This proposed reinforced concrete road construction sub-project of Tuol Snuol Commune is linking from commune center to provincial road and National Road No. 7. As present, the proposed road is basically constructed laterite road which had been constructed and maintenance by commune fund. This road is used by people in two villages of Tuol Snuol Commune and also used by other people from other villages which linked to this road and the existing condition of this road are 70% still properly usable and good condition; the rest are unconstructed earth road thus it is muddy, slippery while raining. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 7 m – 9 m. Photo 12: Original Condition of Design road in Tuol Snuol Commune, Krouch Chhmar District, Tboung Khmum Province
This proposed reinforced concrete road sub-project with length of 700m, width of 6m, 2.5m two lanes shoulder, 1:1.5 of side slop, two (2) single pipe culvert (800m diameters and 6.0m length). Based on typical cross section (
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122. Figure 18), the total road shoulder is 1 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. The completion deadline for each construction schedules at least consist three months. 123. Under achievement output of the reinforced concrete road construction sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 19: Summary Scope of Work for Concrete Road Sub-Project in Tuol Snuol Commune
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with good road in 1.1 tone 40 30 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labour to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed work LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top soil 2.1 m2 10,727.43 at least 15cm-thk 2.2 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 135.40 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, no 2.3 m3 135.40 less than 98% Soil transportation from borrow pit area to construction site with good road in 2.4 m3 135.40 8 km-dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and growth 2.5 m2 2,277.27 establishing 2.6 Sub-base sand and Plastic sheet m3 262.50 2.7 Laterite cost and excavation for road sub-base after compacted m3 2,829 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.8 m3 2,829 compaction, no less than 98% 2.9 Laterite/gravel transportation to construction site with good road in 8 km-dist. m3 2,829 3 Structure 3.1 Reinforced concrete pavement M35 (include material transportation) m3 787.50 3.2 Reinforced concrete M25 (include material transportation) m3 7.07 3.3 Blinding concrete M10 (include material transportation) m3 3.60 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed securely in 3.4 Kg 38,277.62 place as shown on the Drawings 3.5 Dowel Bar nos 7,576.00 3.6 Seal Prime Coat with sand (2cm-wth and 2.5cm-thk) m3 0.76 3.7 Joint Sealant (12.5cm-thk and 2cm-with) m3 0.56 3.8 RC pipe, 0.8m-dia. m 12 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 2 4.2 Project Sign Board no. 1 Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road embankment (Provisional 4.3 no. 4 Qty.) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) LS 1
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Figure 18: Typical Cross Section of Concrete Road Sub-Project in Tuol Snuol Commune
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13. DBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Batheay and Me Pring Commune, Batheay District, Kampong Cham Province (3.327km-length with 1 pipe culvert) 124. The DBST Road Improvement Sub-project is located Batheay and Me Pring Commune, Batheay District of Kampong Cham Province. This sub-project is located about 65km at the west of Kampong Cham Provincial Town and this area could be accessed through National Road No. 7 and National Road No. 6. Batheay Commune is bordered with Chbar Ampov and Ph’av Commune on the east, Ampel Teouk Commune of Kampong Tralach District on the west, Chea Lea and Sambor Commune on the south and Me Pring Commune on the north. 125. As present, the proposed road is basically constructed laterite road which had been used by people in four villages of Me Pring and Batheay Communes. The road condition is muddy and slippery while raining and flooded if heavily rain. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 7 m – 8 m. Photo 13: Original condition of design road in Batheay and Me Pring Commune, Batheay District, Kampong Cham Province
126. The proposed subproject is link from the villages of Me Pring and Batheay Commune to National Road No.6; it was identified as prioritized and top ranking sub-project of 30 proposed sub- projects of 30 target communes of Kampong Cham Province. This design of DBST pavement road improvement sub-project is 3.327km-length, 5m-width and 1:1.5 side slop with 1 single pipe culvert (800mm-diametre and 7m-length). Based on typical cross section (Figure 14), the total road shoulder is 1 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. The completion deadline for each construction schedules at least consist three months. 127. Under achievement output of the DBST Road sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 20: Summary Scope of Work for DBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Batheay and Me Pring Commune Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with good 1.1 tone 40 road in 5 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labour to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed work LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of 2.1 m2 29,552.33 top soil at least 15cm-thk
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity 2.2 Removing and Disposal of the tree having 30cm.dia no. 8 2.3 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 10,556.69 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.4 m3 10,556.69 compaction, no less than 98% Soil Transportation from borrow pit to construction site with fair road 2.5 m3 10,556.69 in 2.5 km-dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and 2.6 m2 11,346.90 growth establishing 2.7 Laterite cost and excavation for road sub-base after compacted m3 7,855.75 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.8 m3 7,855.75 compaction, no less than 98% Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with good road in 2.9 m3 7,855.75 12 km-dist. 3 Structure 3.1 DBST pavement (Include material transportations) m3 632.13 Base course/Crush stone 12mm-40mm ,CBR>80%, Compact 98%, 3.2 m3 2,495.25 (Include material transportations) Reinforced concrete M25 for cross drainages (Include material 3.3 m3 3.54 transportations) Blinding concrete M10 for cross drainages (Include material 3.4 m3 1.80 transportations) 3.5 Mortar (Include material transportations) m3 0.02 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed 3.6 Kg 164.98 securely in place as shown on the Drawings 3.7 RC pipe, 0.8m-dia. (Include material transportations) m 7 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 3 4.2 Project Sign Board no. 1 Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road embankment 4.3 no. 6 (Provisional Qty ) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient 5.1 LS 1 safety equipment (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) LS 1
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Figure 19: Typical Cross Section of DBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Batheay and Me Pring Commune
14. SBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Sdaeung Chey Commune, Cheung Prey District, Kampong Cham Province (2.508Km of Length and 1 Pipe Culvert) 128. The SBST Road Improvement Sub-project is located Sdaeng Chey Commune, Cheung Prey District of Kampong Cham Province. This sub-project is located about 50km at the west of Kampong Cham Provincial Twon and this area could be accessed through National Road No. 7 and National Road No. 6. This Commune is bordered with Trapeang Kor and Sampong Chey Commune on the east, Tumub and Sandaek Commune on the west, Srama and Pdao Chum Commune on the south and Pring Chrum on the north. 129. As present, the proposed road is basically constructed laterite road which had been used by people in four villages of Sdaeung Chey Communes. The road condition is muddy and slippery while raining and flooded if heavily rain. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 7 m – 9 m. Photo 14: Original Condition of Design Road in Sdaeung Chey Commune, Cheung Prey District, Kampong Cham Province
130. The proposed subproject is link from the villages of Sdaeung Chey Commune to National Road No.6; it was identified as prioritized and top ranking sub-project of 30 proposed sub-projects of 30 target communes of Kampong Thom Province. This design of SBST pavement road improvement sub-project is 2.508km-length, 4m-width and 1:1.5 side slop with 1 single pipe culvert (800mm-diametre and 6m-length). Based on typical cross section (Figure 15), the total road shoulder is 2 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. 131. Under achievement output of the SBST Road sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 21: Summary Scope of Work for SBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Sdaeung Chey Commune
Item Description of work Unit Quantity
1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with good road in 1.1 tone 40 10 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labor to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed work LS 1 2 Earthwork
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top soil 2.1 m2 16,922.25 at least 15cm -thk 2.2 Removing and Disposal of the tree having 30cm.dia no. 8 2.3 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 2,538.34 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, no 2.4 m3 2,538.34 less than 98% Soil Transportation from borrow pit to construction site with fair road in 3 km- 2.5 m3 2,538.34 dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and growth 2.6 m2 5,101.13 establishing 2.7 Laterite cost and excavation for road sub-base after compacted m3 5,104.59 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.8 m3 5,104.59 compaction, no less than 98% 2.9 Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with good road in 4 km-dist. m3 5,104.59
3 Structure
3.1 SBST pavement (Include material transportations) m3 190.61 Base course/Crush stone 12mm-40mm ,CBR>80%, Compact 98%, (Include 3.2 m3 1,881 material transportations) Reinforced concrete M25 for cross drainages (Include material 3.3 m3 3.54 transportations)
3.4 Blinding concrete M10 for cross drainages (Include material transportations) m3 1.58
3.5 Mortar (Include material transportations) m3 0.02 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed securely in 3.6 Kg 164.98 place as shown on the Drawings 3.7 RC pipe, 0.8m-dia. (Include material transportations ) m 6
4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 3 4.2 Project Sign Board no. 1 Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road embankment (Provisional 4.3 no. 6 Qty.) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) LS 1
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Figure 20: Typical Cross Section of SBST Road Construction Sub-Project in Sdaeung Chey Commune
15. Basak-Preaek Chik Canal Rehabilitation Sub-Project (9.00km length with 6 Irrigation structures) in Basak-Preaek Chik Commune, Rukh Kiri District, Battambang Province
132. The proposed sub-project names the rehabilitation of Basak - Preaek Chik is in Basak and Preaek Chik Commune, Rukh Kiri District, Battambang Province which is about 250km from the Phnom Penh Capital City, south of provincial capital town of Battambang. It is accessible through National Road No.5. The distance from Battambang city to the sub-project area is about 50km. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 4 m – 8 m. Photo 15: Existing condition of Basak – Preak Chik Canal, Battambant Province
133. The total irrigable area of Basak –Preaek Chik is 900ha and the total designed width is 18 meter. The rehabilitated canal is supplied from Basak reservoir – 5km away south to north – at present the dam, all gates and irrigated system were rehabilitated under Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project. The Preaek Chik- Basak secondary canal is basically non- existing. 134. Recently, it was considered for rehabilitation under Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project – Additional Financing (TSSD-AF) because of its potential to contribute to the food security of Cambodia through rice production and other crops. At present though, its existing condition/facilities are not good and damaged that they could not supply the required water for irrigation. The existing system cannot be operated anymore. Table 22: Summary Scope of Work for Basak-Preaek Chik Canal Rehabilitation Sub-Project
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site in fair condition of 1.1 ton 40 road and distance of 30km, 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labor to site LS 1 1.3 Site camp preparations with toilet, electricity and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed work LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing on project output location by removing of top soil at 2.1 m2 122,549.41 least 15cm thk 2.2 Removing and disposal of the trees having a 30cm dia or more no. 5 Excavation and disposal of unsuitable material from foundation areas to 2.3 m3 100 disposal area directed by the Engineer. (Provisional Quantity) Backfill to replace unsuitable material in the foundation areas with compaction, 2.4 m3 100 no less than 98%. (Provisional Quantity) Soil excavation of Canal in accordance with the specification and as shown 2.5 m3 119,198.42 on the drawings 2.6 Soil cost and excavation from borrow pit area m3 -
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity Soil backfill and fill for Canal embankment with watering and compaction , no 2.7 m3 119,198.42 less than 98% Soil Transportation from borrow pit area to construction site with good road 2.8 m3 59,599.21 condition and distance 2km Supplying and placing of grass sods on Canal embankment slopes with 2.9 m2 63,000.00 watering as req uired to establish growth. Laterite pavement for Canal embankments to form roads, to the depth shown 2.10 on the Drawings and as specified. 2.10.1 Laterite cost and excavation m3 0 Laterite pavement for Canal embankment with watering and compaction , no 2.10.2 m3 0 less than 98% 2.10.3 construction site with good road condition and distance 15km m3 0 3 Structure work 3.1 Remove existing structures and disposal m3 0 3.2 Temporary coffer dam and diversion channel m3 0 Soil excavation for structures in soil condition fair in accordance with the 3.3 m3 0 Specification and as shown on the Drawings Soil backfill in embankments for structures, with compaction, no less than 3.4 m3 0 98% 3.5 Laterite pavement for Canal structure with compaction , no less than 98% m3 0 3.6 Gabion mattress m3 39.6 3.7 Geotextile Filter m2 200.4 3.8 Mass concrete M10 (include material transportation) m3 10.98 3.9 Reinforce Concrete M25 (include material transportation) m3 230.4 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed securely in 3.10 Kg 25344 place as shown on the Drawings (include material transportation) 3.11 RC pipe-600mm diameter (include material transportation) m 0 3.12 RC pipe 800mm diameter (include material transportation) m 0 3.13 RC pipe 1000mm diameter (include material transportation) m 0 3.14 Galvanized Steel bar for handrail and Ladder, detail as shown on the Drawings m 369 3.15 Dowel Bar (Ø16) no. 288 3.16 PVC water stop (w=200mm) m 174 3.17 PVC pipe for dowel bar m 174 3.18 Gravel filter for weep hole m3 0.52 Sand filter for weep hole m3 4.13 3.19 PVC pipe for weep hole m 140.4 3.20 Mechanism gate Supply and install vertical lift, single spindle gates, including all embedded 3.20.1 parts and frames and lifting mechanism water Gate (WxH): 1 m x 2.2 m with no. 6 bar length not more than 5 m, and Include all fixing and painting. 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary benchmarks (TBM) in Concrete no. 5 4.2 Project Sign board no. 1 Water gauge installation at Intake structure (1 units with length not more than 4.3 m 4 5 m) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) km 3 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc.
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Item Description of work Unit Quantity 5.2 Environment management plan (EMP) (provisional quantities) LS 1 Figure 21: Typical Cross Section of Prek Chik – Basak Secondary Canal
16. Bak Ay Canal Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Kak Commune, Ponhea Kraek District, Tboung Khmum Province (5.5km length with 15 Irrigation structures) 135. The proposed sub-project names the rehabilitation of Bak Ay canal. This canal is an unusable irrigated system which located in Kak commune, Ponhea Kraek district, Tboung Khmum province. The Bak Ay canal is located 25km from Tboung Khmum capital town and it takes time almost 1 hour and a half passing through the National Road No. 11 and the Kak commune is bounded on the west by Doun Tey and Krabao commune, on the east by Trapaeng Phlong communes, on the north by Kandoal Chrum and Korng Kang communes, and on the south by Krabao commune and bordered to Vietnam. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 12 m – 17 m. Photo 16: Existing condition of Bak Ay Canal of Kak Commune, Tboung Khmum Province
136. The sub-project was formerly constructed in the Pol Pot Regime. The methodology of construction can be classified as indigenous as no heavy equipment was available by that time. The
Page | 72 compaction of the canal embankment was done manually, pooling a mass of people to do the required filling and compaction. As a result, the facilities did not last long under extreme weather conditions like heavy rains and floods. 137. The existing canal length is 5.7 kilometers and was built during Pol Pot time and the officially canal reservation land have been measured approximately 15 meters for the whole width including both outside slopes, left and right embankments and canal width. Until now the right side embankment is disappeared its features (equal to land field elevation) and the right side embankment (used as road) are commonly used to transport but there are partly damaged due to the erosion in rainy season and no regular maintenance. 138. Recently, it was considered for rehabilitation under Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project – Additional Financing (TSSD-AF) because of its potential to contribute to the food security of Cambodia through rice production and other crops. At present though, its existing condition/facilities are not good and damaged that they could not supply the required water for irrigation. The existing system cannot be operated anymore. The command area of designed canal is 734 ha and the total designed width of canal is 18 meter. 139. Water Source for Subproject. Bak Ay stream is the main water resource to fill up the water into Bak Ay reservoir. The have 700m length of Dam with one spillway and two Head Regulators. The sub-project get water through existing Canal. Other resource of water is rainfall in command area, the water remain from the filed used release to canal through the inlet structure on canal embankment. When the people need the water to supplement to field they use pump for irrigation. Table 23: Summary Scope of Work for Bak Ay Canal Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Kak Commune
No. Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item 1.1 Transportation of equipment to and from construction site in good ton 40 condition of road and distance of 17km, 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labour to site LS 1 1.3 Camp preparations with toilet, electricity and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed work LS 1 2 Earthwork 2.1 Bush and shrub clearing on project output location by removing of top soil m2 59630 at least 15cm thk 2.2 Removing and disposal of the trees having a 30cm diameter or more no. 258 (Fruit Tree) 2.3 Excavation and disposal of unsuitable material from foundation areas to m3 100 disposal area directed by the Engineer. (Provisional Quantity) 2.4 Backfill to replace unsuitable material in the foundation areas with 100 compaction, no less than 98%. (Provisional Quantity) m3 2.5 Soil excavation of Canal in accordance with the specification and as m3 13,096.85 shown on the drawings 2.6 Soil cost and excavation from borrow pit area m3 26,235.60 2.7 Soil backfill and fill for Canal embankment with watering and compaction m3 39,332.45 , no less than 98% 2.8 Soil Transportation from borrow pit area to construction site with good road m3 26,235.60 condition and distance 3km 2.9 Supplying and placing of grass sods on Canal embankment slopes with m2 18395 watering as required to establish growth. 2.10 Laterite pavement for Canal embankments to form roads, to the depth shown on the Drawings and as specified. 2.10.1 Laterite cost and excavation m3 2058 2.10.2 Laterite pavement for Canal embankment with watering and compaction , m3 2058 no less than 98%
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No. Description of work Unit Quantity 2.10.3 Laterite Transportation to construction site with good road condition and m3 2058 distance 5km 3 Structure work 3.1 Remove existing structures and disposal m 3 1 3.2 Temporary coffer dam and diversion channel 210 3.3 Soil excavation for structures in soil condition fair in accordance with the m3 535 Specification and as shown on the Drawings 3.4 Soil backfill in embankments for structures, with compaction, no less than m3 118 98% 3.5 Laterite pavement for Canal structure with compaction , no less than 98% m3 57.20 3.6 Gabion mattress m3 97.31 3.7 Geotextile Filter m2 310.50 3.8 Mass concrete M10 (include material transportation) m3 27.33 3.9 Reinforce Concrete M25 (include material transportation) m3 85.97 3.10 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed securely Kg 9074 in place as shown on the Drawings (include material transportation)
3.11 RC pipe-600mm dia (include material transportation) m 0 3.12 RC pipe 800mm dia (include material transportation) m 20 3.13 RC pipe 1000mm dia (include material transportation) m 42 3.14 Galvanized Steel bar for handrail and Ladder, detail as shown on the m 225.64 Drawings 3.15 Dowel Bar (Ø16) no. 20 3.16 water stop (w=200mm) m 20 3.17 PVC pipe m 10 3.18 Mechanism gate 3.18.1 [Supply and install vertical lift, single spindle gates, including all embedded no. 2 parts and frames and lifting mechanism water Gate for Head Head Regulator repair (WxH): 1.06 m x 1 m with bar length not more than 5 m, and Include all fixing and painting. 3.18.2 Supply and install vertical lift, single spindle gates, including all embedded no. 8 parts and frames and lifting mechanism water Gate for Head Regulator repaire MC2 and Check Structure (WxH): 1.1 m x 1m with bar length not more than 5 m, and Include all fixing and painting. 3.18.3 Supply and install vertical lift, single spindle gates, including all embedded no. 4 parts and frames and lifting mechanism water Gate for Turnout Structure (WxH): 1.1m x 1 m with bar length not more than 5 m, and Include all fixing and painting. 3.18.4 Supply and install vertical lift, single spindle gates, including all embedded no. 12.00 parts and frames and lifting mechanism water Gate for Check Structure repair (WxH): 0.9m x 1-1.2 m with bar length not more than 5 m, and Include all fixing and painting. 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary benchmarks (TBM) in Concrete no. 6 4.2 Project Sign board no. 1 4.3 Water gauge installation at Check structures (1 units with length not more m 14 than 5 m) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) km 4 5 Safety and environment control 5.1 Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, LS 1 Banners, Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc.
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No. Description of work Unit Quantity 5.2 Environment management plan (EMP) (provisional quantities LS 1 Source: SSP6, 2019 Figure 22: Typical Cross Section for Bak Ay Canal Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Kak Commune
D. Project Implementation
140. The implementation arrangements are summarized in the Table below. Table 24: Institutional Arrangements Aspects Arrangements Management (i) Oversight body The Council for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD) (ii) Executing agencies Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) and National Committee for Democratic Development Secretariat (NCDDS) (iii) Key implementing agencies NCDDS: responsible for Output 1, MAFF: responsible for Output 2. Each implementing agency will designate a staff member to be the project Environmental Safeguards Officer (ESO). (iv) Provincial support team A PST will be established in each project province, incorporating (PST) provincial staff of the implementing agencies ministries. (iv) Implementation units Commune councils will implement infrastructure subprojects – contracting and supervising construction contractors and owning and operating the finished facilities.
141. The subproject civil works for irrigation and village road will be included in the Commune Development Plan, confirming community interest and funds to contractors will be paid by relevant commune councils. 142. Final design for subprojects, support in bid preparation, and construction supervision will be undertaken by a Design and Supervision consultants (DSC) selected by a procurement review committee (PRC) composed of representatives from the implementing agencies. 143. A provincial support team (PST) have established (See Table 25 ) for each province incorporating provincial staff of the executing and implementing agencies ministries. The PST will ensure that all subproject designs are technically cleared by relevant provincial technical departments and in particular that road designs are approved at provincial level by the provincial department of rural development, and that irrigation designs are approved by the provincial departments of water resources and meteorology.
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Table 25: Contact List of NCDDS and PST for the TSSD-AF No. Name Position Contact I. NCDDS Telephone Email
1 H.E Ngan Chamroeun Project Director 012 489 993 [email protected]
2 H.E Ny Kimsan Project Manager 011 970 565 [email protected]
3 Mr. Long Viseth LIG and Rural ICT Coordinator 017 722 766 [email protected]
4 Mr. Nop Novy Administration and Finance Officer 095 727 327 [email protected]
5 Mr. Keo Prapey National Safeguards Officer 099 787 007 [email protected]
6 Mrs. Thoung Arunnavy Accounting Officer 012 326 699 [email protected]
7 Mr. Chea Vanda Project Planning, M&E and Reporting 012 437 690 [email protected] Officer
8 Mr. Mom Reachnavasnacheat Gender Focal Point 012 919 404 [email protected]
9 Mr. Tuy Peou D&D Management Advisor 012 930 048 [email protected]
10 Mr. Doeur Kanal Finance and Procurement Advisor 012 883 543 [email protected] II. Banteay Meanchey Province
1 Mr. Ly Sary Provincial deputy governor, responsible 012 631 631 [email protected] overall
2 Mr. Hy Samnang Provincial Support Team Leader 012 788 785 [email protected]
3 Mr. Pang Vannaseth Provincial Agriculture Coordinator 012 83 89 37 [email protected] (PAC)
4 Mrs. Ork Sophea Project Admin and Finance Officer 092 922 663/ [email protected] 077 716 804
5 Mrs. Khut Sopheak Livelihood Improvement and Gender 092 270 194 [email protected] Officer
6 Mrs. Sim Prohors Provincial Agricultural Marketing and 012 646 983 [email protected] Rural ICT Coordinator (PAMRIC)
7 Mrs. Nut Samean Provincial Project Management Advisor 089 782 887 [email protected] (PPMA)
8 Mr. Me Sopharath Local Government Finance/ 012 384 737 [email protected] Procurement Advisor (LGFPA) III. Siem Reap Province
1 Mr. Ly Samreth Provincial deputy governor, responsible 085 567 568 [email protected] overall 2 Mr. Doch Kimdam Provincial Support Team Leader 012 883 857 [email protected]
3 Mr. Kong Chantha Provincial Agriculture Coordinator 012 863 654 [email protected] (PAC)
4 Mrs. Tes Angkeatheara Project Admin and Finance Officer 012 636 157 [email protected] 5 Mrs. Luy Rathana Livelihood Improvement and Gender 095 939 698 [email protected] Officer 6 Mrs. Muy Sophen Provincial Agricultural Marketing and 012 517 710 N/A Rural ICT Coordinator (PAMRIC)
7 Mr. Kean Chamnan Provincial Project Management Advisor 012 933 447 [email protected] (PPMA)
8 Mr. Ros Kheng Local Government Finance/ 077 512 418 [email protected] Procurement Advisor (LGFPA) IV. Kampong Thom Province 1 H.E Houn Vannith Provincial deputy governor, responsible 012 856 152 N/A overall
2 Mr. Shaw Paho Provincial Support Team Leader 092 849 087 [email protected]
3 Mr. Tiv Vannthy Provincial Agriculture Coordinator 012 799 316 [email protected] (PAC)
4 Mrs. Or Sopheap Project Admin and Finance Officer 092 766 348 [email protected]
5 Mrs. Sim Sunnary Livelihood Improvement and Gender 017 779 598 [email protected] Officer
6 Mr. Pov Kol Provincial Agricultural Marketing and 012 418 494 [email protected] Rural ICT Coordinator (PAMRIC)
7 Mr. Mourng Samoeun Provincial Project Management Advisor 012 659 543 [email protected] (PPMA)
8 Mrs. Hiek Lida Local Government Finance/ 078 288 987 [email protected] Procurement Advisor (LGFPA) V. Kampong Cham Province
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No. Name Position Contact
1 Mr. Han Kosal Provincial deputy governor, responsible 012 446 856 [email protected] overall
2 Mr. Poy Sokchea Provincial Support Team Leader 012 909 026 [email protected]
3 Mr. Katam Sonavan Provincial Agriculture Coordinator 012 890 695 [email protected] (PAC)
4 Mr. Sin Montha Project Admin and Finance Officer 089 986 838 [email protected]
5 Ms. Sieng Vanleakhena Livelihood Improvement and Gender 012 465 752 [email protected] Officer
6 Mr. Hun Chanthan Provincial Agricultural Marketing and 012 894 849 [email protected] Rural ICT Coordinator (PAMRIC)
7 Mr. Sok Noeun Provincial Project Management Advisor 012 692 219 [email protected] (PPMA) 8 Mr. El Iem Local Government Finance/ 061 830 845 [email protected] Procurement Advisor (LGFPA) VI. Tboung Khmum Province 1 H.E Long Theam Provincial deputy governor, responsible 012 628 888 N/A overall
2 Mr. Mith Phally Provincial Support Team Leader 012 658539 [email protected] 3 Mr. CHIENG SARITH Provincial Agriculture Coordinator 012 911 729 [email protected] (PAC)
4 Mr. Nut Pharin Project Admin and Finance Officer 017 656 832 [email protected]
5 Mrs. NAY SOKKHENG Livelihood Improvement and Gender 097 285 6182 [email protected] Officer
6 Mr. PHON SAROM Provincial Agricultural Marketing and 092689450/ [email protected] Rural ICT Coordinator (PAMRIC) 0889911156
7 Mr. Leng Nath Provincial Project Management Advisor 012 501 910 [email protected] (PPMA)
8 Mr. Thou Vannak Local Government Finance/ 012940338 [email protected] Procurement Advisor (LGFPA) VII. Prey Veng Province
1 H.E Chan Tha Provincial deputy governor, responsible 012 763 763 [email protected] overall
2 Mr. Por Pilot Provincial Support Team Leader 012 204 575 [email protected]
3 Mr. Chum Chandara Provincial Agriculture Coordinator 011 567 798 [email protected]
4 Mr. Boy Loat Provincial Agricultural Marketing and 088 8747 474 [email protected] Rural ICT Coordinator (PAMRIC)
5 Ms. Sreng Sovanchenda Project Admin and Finance Officer 092 301 121 [email protected]
6 Mrs. Y Aun Livelihood and Gender Officer 096 4242 003 [email protected]
7 Mr. Nget Sotheara Provincial Project Management Advisor 012 931 941 [email protected] (PPMA)
8 Mr. Va Viseth Provincial Livelihood Advisor (PLA) 012 649 630 [email protected]
9 Mr. Nut Buntha Local Government Finance/ 017 467 856 [email protected] Procurement Advisor (LGFPA) VIII. Battambang Province 1 H.E Uy Sotheavy Provincial deputy governor, 012 885 890 N/A responsible overall
2 Mr. Han Sihip Provincial Support Team Leader 017 766 636 [email protected]
3 Mr. Ponh Odham Provincial Agriculture Coordinator 092 237 779 [email protected] (PAC)
4 Mr. Chuo San Project Admin and Finance Officer 012 752 357 [email protected] 5 Ms. Youm Ya Livelihood Improvement and Gender 012 250 833 N/A Officer 6 Ms. Choun Nary Provincial Agricultural Marketing and 012 250 833 N/A Rural ICT Coordinator (PAMRIC)
7 Mr. Porch Sovann Provincial Project Management Advisor 012 941 988 [email protected] (PPMA)
8 Mr. SAN Veasna Provincial Livelihood Advisor (PLA) 012 446 172 [email protected]
9 Mrs. Chan Sokleng Local Government Finance/ 012 705 156 [email protected] Procurement Advisor (LGFPA)
144. The DSC will support commune councils and PST to prepare tender documents and contract
Page | 77 construction. The commune councils will therefore act as the project implementation units for the infrastructure outputs. The commune councils will remain the project owners and will award the contract, manage the contract and monitor the construction. The DSC will assist commune councils to monitor construction standards and facilitate monthly coordination at provincial level. 145. For the environmental aspects of the project, the safeguard unit within the NCDDS will assign a suitably qualified staff member to be the national Environmental Safeguards Officer (ESO). A TOR for the ESO position is at Annex A of the EMP. 146. Project implementation consultants (PIC) will include an Environmental Safeguards and Climate Change Specialist (ESCC) who will work with the ESO and assist the PSTs and commune councils to fulfil their environmental responsibilities in implementing subproject EMPs. TORs for the ESCC positions (international and national) are at Annex B and C of the EMP. 147. To enable effective national government oversight of the project, the innovative steering committee arrangement of TSSD will be continued, and will provide guidance to the executing and implementing agencies without creating excessive additional institutional burden. CARD will handle the steering committee functions as part of its regular meetings and other meetings as needed and will ensure that project performance is monitored throughout implementation up to completion.
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IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
A. The Project Provinces
148. Kampong Cham and Tboung Khmum provinces are situated adjacent to and on the floodplain of the Mekong River. Kampong Thom, Battambang, Banteay Meanchey and Siem Reap provinces are located in the Tonle Sap Lake ecozone, and extend into the upper catchments of the lake. Figure 23: Location of 7 Target Provinces
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B. Environmental Setting
1. Climate
149. The country has a tropical climate - warm and humid. In the monsoon season, abundant rain allows for the cultivation of a wide variety of crops. This year-round tropical climate makes Cambodia ideal for developing tourism. Travelers need not to fear natural disasters such as erupting volcanoes or earthquakes, and the country is not directly affected by tropical storms. Climate of Cambodia can be visited throughout the year. The average temperature is about 27 degrees Celsius; the minimum temperature is about 18 degrees. December and January are the coolest months, whereas the hottest is April. General information about the provincial climate is following: 1. Bantheay Meanchey Province: o o Cool season: November- February (22 C – 27 C) o o Hot season: March- May (27 C – 34 C) o o Rainy season: May - October (24 C – 32 C, with humidity up to 90%) 2. Tboung Khmum Province: o o Rainy season: May - October (27 C – 35 C, with humidity up to 90%) o o Cool season: November- March (17 C – 27 C) o o Hot season: March- May (28 C – 36 C) 3. Battambang Province: o Cool season: November- February (<26 C) o o Hot season: March- May (28 C -35 C) o Rainy season: June - October (<31 C, with humidity up to 90 %) 4. Kampong Thom Province: o o Cool season: November- March (20 C - 28 C) o o Hot season: March- May (30 C – 35 C) o o Rainy season: May - October (23 C – 30 C, with humidity up to 90%) 5. Siem Reap Province: o o Cool season: November- March (22 C - 28 C) o o Hot season: March- May (27 C - 34 C) o o Rainy season: May - October (24 C - 32 C, with humidity up to 90%) 6. Kampong Cham o o Rainy season: May - October (27 C – 35 C, with humidity up to 90%) o o Cool season: November- March (17 C – 27 C) o o Hot season: March- May (28 C -36 C) 7. Prey Veng Province o o Cool season: November- March (24 C - 32 C) o o Hot season: March- May (28 C - 36 C) o o Rainy season: May - October (24 C – 32 C, with humidity up to 90%)
2. Annual Rainfall
150. Bantheay Meanchey Province. The annual rainfall data received from Banteay Meanchey Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology is used for hydrology and hydraulic analysis for proposed sub-project in Bantheay Meanchey province. The below Table is an annual rainfall for last 19 years. In the below table shown that the maximum annual rainfall is about 1,528mm, minimum is about 580.8mm and the average rainfall is about 1,276.8mm.
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Table 26: Annual rainfall of Banteay Meanchey Station
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec No. Year Total (mm) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2000 0.0 14.5 29.3 396.4 126.7 118.7 240.1 166.6 123.1 337.4 6.0 0.0 1,558.8 2 2001 2.5 0.0 100.4 65.3 246.3 126.1 82.9 225.2 156.1 169.7 25.6 0.0 1,200.1 3 2002 0.0 5.9 16.0 67.1 154.4 201.8 171.7 235.3 251.1 122.1 9.2 53.8 1,288.4 4 2003 0.0 22.1 29.2 115.9 140.2 164.2 148.6 161.2 230.0 148.7 0.0 0.0 1,160.1 5 2004 9.7 5.2 0.5 128.7 109.0 243.6 182.7 155.6 160.0 121.5 0.0 0.0 1,116.5 6 2005 12.8 0.0 7.5 99.9 169.7 120.8 212.9 94.1 208.3 260.6 5.8 25.8 1,218.2 7 2006 6.3 71.7 68.0 93.8 109.2 37.0 328.6 171.6 253.8 118.0 2.5 0.0 1,260.5 8 2007 4.0 29.3 15.7 139.5 206.4 87.4 164.0 104.5 267.7 98.3 116.5 0.0 1,233.3 9 2008 0.0 18.2 48.1 121.7 232.7 87.4 89.3 181.4 368.5 242.5 116.3 0.0 1,506.1 10 2009 0.0 0.0 68.6 223.4 119.1 180.9 66.6 42.1 245.5 147.3 3.5 0.0 1,097.0 11 2010 9.7 11.5 25.7 67.3 60.1 122.5 96.8 205.0 228.5 301.3 9.0 0.0 1,137.4 12 2011 0.0 13.0 31.5 282.2 89.6 62.3 222.3 298.6 218.6 298.0 4.5 0.0 1,520.6 13 2012 24.3 15.5 80.6 112.3 179.7 108.5 91.4 101.6 457.5 147.4 47.6 0.0 1,366.4 14 2013 0.7 0.0 7.6 31.9 81.3 284.3 206.9 220.4 267.7 346.7 68.2 12.4 1,528.1 15 2014 0.0 0.2 35.8 70.4 40.8 105.3 130.2 42.2 69.9 33.6 48.5 3.8 580.7 16 2015 25.6 16.4 65.5 42.2 42.4 84.7 63.3 105.2 255.3 64.7 30.8 0.8 796.9 17 2016 21.6 20.5 10.6 30.1 37.2 124.4 116.5 108.0 137.9 200.5 14.2 16.6 838.1 18 2017 30.8 1.2 118.6 30.3 140.8 66.3 174.4 143.9 302.9 168.0 76.4 4.1 1,257.7 19 2018 61.9 24.2 141.9 128.0 108.8 167.4 169.6 214.5 112.8 129.5 15.6 2.6 1,276.8 Averge 11.0 14.2 47.4 118.2 126.0 131.2 155.7 156.7 227.1 181.9 31.6 6.3 1,207.5 Min - - 0.5 30.1 37.2 37.0 63.3 42.1 69.9 33.6 - - 580.7 Max - - 0.5 30.1 37.2 37.0 63.3 42.1 69.9 33.6 - - 1,528.1 Source: Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology of Banteay Meanchey, 2018
151. Battambang province. The data of meteorology of Battambang station have been used for this study. The rainfall data indicated that this area having high precipitation with total annual average rainfall of about 1,246.88 mm for the last ten years (1991 - 2012). For more detail on the rainfall data see below Table. Table 27: Annual Average Rainfall data for Battambang Province Month/ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Year 1991 0 0 69.2 32.6 149.8 58.3 136.4 170 183 243.2 48.1 1 1091.6 1992 0 0 0 0 0 0 151 263 0 0 0 0 414 1993 3.5 24.8 22.2 27.8 100.7 170 150.8 142.3 301.6 343.4 66.3 10.4 1363.8 1994 0 36.5 78.4 25 302.3 163.8 197.8 363.9 231.9 182.4 13.1 17.2 1612.3 1995 0 0 80 127.9 24.4 117.2 184.4 161.7 350.2 261.7 0 0 1307.5 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 204.5 199.2 136.1 319 30.2 0 889 2001 11.9 23.6 61.5 19.6 147.2 192.8 102.5 185.8 86.2 162 87.2 16.5 1096.8 2002 2.9 0 46.4 87.7 71.9 147.8 26.7 181.3 179.5 336 116.5 14.1 1210.8 2004 9 0 4.8 45.1 80.5 247.9 197 118.3 161 115.7 14.5 0 993.8 2007 17 25 87 42 238 230 114 77 282 117 132 0 1361 2008 12 0 76.9 143.7 177 172.5 149.6 172.8 189.1 246.6 192.5 1.3 1534 2009 0 0 74.9 162.7 201.6 123.6 72.1 206.9 234.5 281.5 31.9 1.6 1391.3 2010 0 0 74.9 162.7 201.6 123.6 72.1 206.9 234.5 281.5 31.9 1.6 1391.3 2011 0 58 35.1 150.3 152.7 108.2 207.2 237.2 312.9 407.3 34.3 4.2 1707.4 2012 16.2 46.8 58.6 56.3 170.8 80.7 138.3 87.5 346.1 249.4 87.9 0 1338.6 Average 4.83 14.31 51.33 72.23 134.57 129.09 140.29 184.92 215.24 236.45 59.09 4.53 1246.88 Min 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.70 77.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 103.7 Max 17.00 58.00 87.00 162.70 302.30 247.90 207.20 363.90 350.20 407.30 192.50 17.20 2413.2
152. Kampong Thom Province. Kampong Thom station in Kampong Thom province is located
Page | 81 having high precipitation with total annual average rainfall of about 1496.6 mm for the last thirty- seven years (1981-2017) (See below table). Table 28: The Average Annual Rainfall of Kampong Thom Station Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Annual Year 1981 0.0 0.0 6.2 26.8 182.4 173.6 121.6 65.1 300.4 253.3 102.3 0.0 1231.7 1982 0.0 0.0 18.1 185.7 137.7 292.2 86.2 168.8 282.7 308.0 38.4 0.0 1517.8 1983 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 128.1 248.7 139.9 185.0 282.9 383.6 123.2 0.0 1495.3 1984 0.0 0.0 49.6 131.1 221.6 128.4 148.4 173.4 315.2 257.1 5.5 12.1 1442.4 1985 0.0 0.0 0.5 222.9 230.4 143.3 188.2 67.2 381.8 315.9 54.4 1.5 1606.1 1986 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.9 229.7 204.4 91.5 427.0 391.3 353.7 73.8 24.3 1832.6 1987 0.0 0.0 0.0 86.5 125.9 186.1 57.1 78.2 310.6 155.6 238.0 0.0 1238.0 1988 0.0 0.0 0.0 177.2 35.1 238.0 207.7 152.6 253.4 191.7 64.8 0.0 1320.5 1989 0.0 0.0 21.1 82.2 121.9 153.5 185.3 226.3 459.2 251.8 72.7 0.0 1574.0 1990 0.1 0.0 7.9 99.4 181.1 225.7 103.1 105.2 171.0 58.3 42.6 0.0 994.4 1991 0.0 0.0 0.1 89.0 123.0 145.4 221.6 244.9 383.9 205.5 0.0 0.0 1413.4 1992 0.5 0.0 0.0 87.7 72.7 191.8 122.0 405.7 171.7 247.9 0.0 4.5 1304.5 1993 6.7 0.0 58.7 66.7 184.8 293.7 218.7 121.7 244.1 249.9 26.4 35.3 1506.7 1994 0.0 0.0 182.8 21.1 220.0 350.9 151.8 321.4 378.4 248.1 0.0 5.6 1880.1 1995 0.0 0.0 48.2 28.5 174.5 221.1 155.9 192.5 444.3 374.8 16.1 1.8 1657.7 1996 0.0 0.0 1.0 156.0 337.8 185.5 195.8 131.8 315.3 337.5 96.5 40.7 1797.9 1997 0.4 14.8 89.5 122.6 145.5 89.9 191.6 99.6 171.3 158.3 1.7 0.0 1085.2 1998 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.5 95.0 165.5 215.0 343.5 359.0 98.3 186.5 0.0 1509.3 1999 3.1 0.0 6.2 227.2 369.9 207.2 167.1 140.7 177.4 232.6 357.5 88.7 1977.6 2000 0.0 1.0 0.0 93.7 141.2 336.4 282.3 211.1 337.7 243.2 58.6 6.9 1712.1 2001 5.9 0.2 193.9 4.7 227.7 173.7 65.5 236.5 160.2 419.2 109.4 3.0 1599.9 2002 0.0 0.0 11.2 100.4 159.8 326.9 93.7 149.5 472.6 162.9 44.6 2.3 1523.9 2003 0.0 0.0 144.3 48.0 255.6 212.2 224.3 155.7 188.9 144.2 12.7 0.0 1385.9 2004 0.0 7.0 0.3 96.7 84.6 414.3 116.3 176.1 291.0 127.1 15.4 0.5 1329.3 2005 0.0 0.0 13.8 33.7 140.1 176.3 299.1 99.4 243.3 119.0 142.1 6.5 1273.3 2006 0.0 112.7 16.3 177.2 314.3 73.7 271.6 451.2 288.5 187.8 39.3 6.5 1939.1 2007 0.0 0.0 65.7 158.4 174.4 109.8 167.5 95.1 281.1 198.2 105.0 0.0 1355.2 2008 23.1 48.9 29.7 113.9 291.3 97.6 50.6 265.7 349.5 316.2 87.6 4.2 1678.3 2009 0.0 130.0 46.3 132.0 267.8 165.2 81.4 143.5 499.6 181.5 68.8 0.0 1716.1 2010 23.8 0.0 1.4 28.1 129.0 223.0 185.2 218.2 137.0 322.8 41.2 1.2 1310.9 2011 0.0 0.0 44.5 115.2 69.7 245.4 276.8 254.4 475.0 194.0 52.4 12.0 1739.4 2012 19.7 27.0 20.0 116.1 156.2 35.4 343.8 100.0 375.9 188.2 77.6 0.0 1459.9 2013 0.0 0.0 42.6 74.4 191.4 270.4 361.0 165.0 344.6 155.6 75.0 132.8 1812.8 2014 0.0 1.0 5.6 85.6 90.2 215.6 340.6 146.2 91.3 198.8 5.8 80.8 1261.5 2015 0.0 1.8 45.1 90.4 131.8 162.5 127.7 160.2 166.1 93.0 45.2 8.2 1032.0 2016 21.2 0.0 0.0 13.6 83.2 344.0 178.7 144.6 286.9 301.1 45.5 70.7 1489.5 2017 3.0 1.5 73.8 63.6 173.2 136.7 266.3 174.0 228.9 247.6 0.0 0.0 1368.6 Average = 1496.6 Min 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 35.1 35.4 50.6 65.1 91.3 58.3 0.0 0.0 339.7 Ave 2.9 9.3 33.6 93.1 172.9 204.4 181.1 189.1 297.6 229.3 68.3 14.9 1496.6 Max 23.8 130.0 193.9 227.2 369.9 414.3 361.0 451.2 499.6 419.2 357.5 132.8 3580.4
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153. Siem Reap Province. The annual rainfall data of Siem Reap Province which shown in the below figure is received from the world weather online website (https://www.worldweatheronline.com/siem-reap-weather-averages/siem-reap/kh.aspx ) due to the design team could not find any data from Siem Reap Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology and the data is used for proposed subproject in Siem Reap Province. Figure 24: The average rainfall chart of Siem Reap Province for the last 10 years
154. Tboung Khmum and Kampong Cham Province. The data of meteorology of Kampong Cham meteorology station in Kampong Cham province have been used for the study for both provinces due to Tboung Khmum province have been split from Kampong Cham province. The rainfall data indicated that this area having high precipitation with total annual average rainfall of about 1,478.86 mm for the last ten years (2009-2018). For more detail on the rainfall data see below Table. Table 29: Annual Rainfall of Tboung Khmum and Kampong Cham Station from 1991 to 2012 មក ក ម ម ម ម ថ កក ក ច ធ ប No Jan(mm) Feb(mm) Mar(mm) Apr(mm) May(mm) Jun(mm) Jul(mm) Aug(mm) Sep(mm) Oct(mm) Nov(mm) Dec(mm) Total (mm) 2009 1.00 38.20 68.70 150.20 233.40 152.20 376.20 200.30 288.10 256.70 5.40 0.00 1,770.40 2010 21.20 0.00 13.60 68.30 57.60 316.30 182.90 214.40 144.70 282.40 65.70 6.90 1,374.00 2011 0.20 0.00 57.30 125.50 287.10 139.70 216.00 187.00 189.20 94.00 77.00 20.10 1,393.10 2012 21.50 0.60 29.40 148.00 263.80 81.60 308.70 140.90 401.70 111.00 132.00 2.70 1,641.90 2013 2.20 0.00 42.10 70.50 257.10 153.00 289.80 199.80 294.00 69.00 67.80 18.40 1,463.70 2014 0.00 0.00 0.00 230.10 27.30 180.90 298.20 70.20 160.60 210.80 65.30 27.60 1,271.00 2015 2.00 2.00 1.60 125.00 109.20 175.60 173.80 224.00 231.00 202.00 136.40 5.10 1,387.70 2016 0.00 0.00 0.10 3.60 34.40 179.50 146.80 134.70 347.10 253.00 169.50 72.80 1,341.50 2017 17.10 6.80 198.90 226.90 208.20 168.20 190.20 282.00 95.00 248.20 148.80 29.70 1,820.00 2018 115.20 0.00 59.00 46.90 176.90 165.90 94.50 186.00 259.10 82.60 110.00 29.20 1,325.30 Average 18.04 4.76 47.07 119.50 165.50 171.29 227.71 183.93 241.05 180.97 97.79 21.25 1,478.86 Min 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.60 27.30 81.60 94.50 70.20 95.00 69.00 5.40 0.00 1,271.00 Max 115.20 38.20 198.90 230.10 287.10 316.30 376.20 282.00 401.70 282.40 169.50 72.80 1,820.00 Source: Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology of Kampong Cham Province
155. Prey Veng Province. The annual rainfall data received from Prey Veng Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology is used for hydrology and hydraulic analysis for SBST Road construction sub-project in Kampong Trabaek Commune. The below Table is an annual
Page | 83 rainfall for last 15 years. Table 30: Annual Rainfall of Prey Veng Province
Source: Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology of Prey Veng Province, 2015
3. Floods and Droughts
156. Parts of Kampong Cham, Tboung Khmum and Prey Veng provinces are flooded when water levels in the Mekong River rise each year. This overflow of floodwater from the Mekong River has many positive benefits but is also a determining factor in vulnerability to climate change. Agricultural losses and infrastructure damage are associated with the duration and depth of flooding above critical thresholds (extreme flood). 157. Kampong Thom, Siem Reap, Battambang and Banteay Meanchey provinces are partly in the Tonle Sap flood plain and partly on the rising topography in the west which forms an upper catchment draining into Tonle Sap through many small rivers within the provinces. This provides positive benefits to agriculture, livestock, fishery, aquatic products, and flood-linked agricultural output. It also makes the provinces vulnerable to climate change impacts of floods and droughts. 158. Flood. Flooding is a regular phenomenon in Cambodia, with rainfalls commonly exceeding 500 mm per month in the rainy season. However, recent flooding in the Mekong region has been very damaging and the Mekong River Commission records show an increasingly shorter return period for major floods. Additionally, though major tropical cyclones originating in the South China Sea rarely penetrate into Cambodia, cyclonic effects in central Cambodia have been more common in the last decade. 159. In particular, the floods of 2011 and 2013 were major events and were very damaging to life, property and livelihoods. The flood statistics for the 2013 flood for the subproject provinces in Table 31 illustrate the levels of damage for project provinces. The table, taken from the NCDM database for disaster risk reduction ( http://camdi.ncdm.gov.kh/DesInventar/profiletab.jsp), shows the high death toll and large extent of damage to both infrastructure and agriculture of the provinces on the Mekong/Tonle Sap floodplain (Battambang, Banteay Meanchey and Prey Veng provinces). Table 31: Flood Impacts 1996 – 2019 Houses Damage Death Injure Houses Directly Education Lost Damage to Province Damage Hospitals to crops s d Destroyed affected centres Cattle roads (m) d (ha) Kampong Cham/Tboung Khmum 201 453 247 3172 1185086 49 28 118748 2466 662379 Kampong Thom 81 1 53 1767 571345 43 2 82879 90 766548 Siem Reap 68 269 143 182 504704 7 1 71096 658 957168 Battambang 35 38 98 685 524104 3 - 272811.5 2 506892 Banteay Meanchey 55 - - 21 582950 335 20 207823 - 397164.621 Prey Veng 2379 208 11 1743 2353691 199 1751 292389.5 4 985353 Source: NCDM Cambodia Disaster Damage & Loss Information System (CamDi).
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160. When the fatalities and crop damage are corrected for provincial population and provincial cropping area respectively, the data show that for each 5-year recurring flood (the average return period for the last two decades). 161. Drought . In the most recent country-wide drought of 2015/2016, 18 out of Cambodia’s 25 provinces faced water shortages as a result of the worst drought in decades. The drought began in June 2015 and was linked to the severe El Niño weather phenomenon, which had caused below average rainfall across Cambodia. Temperatures reached up to 41°C, and an increase in forest fires was also reported. Cumulative drought impacts over the period 2000 – 2018 (Table 32 ) show the high impacts of droughts in Kampong Cham. Table 32: Drought Impacts 2000 – 2018 Directly Indirectly Damages in crops Lost Province affected Affected (ha) Cattle Kampong Cham/Tboung 193355 N/A 83390 1135 Khmum Kampong Thom N/A N/A 42497 - Siem Reap 34680 102922 33276 - Battambang 421178 52216 247165 - Banteay Meanchey - - 132048 - Prey Veng 21362 - 101615 - Note: N/A: Not available Source: NCDM Cambodia Disaster Damage & Loss Information System (CamDi).
162. When the crop damage and people directly affected are corrected for provincial cropping areas and provincial population respectively, the data show that for each 3.5-year recurring drought (the average return period for the last two decades). 4. Water Quality
a. Core Subproject (Chbar Ampov Village Road and Lvea Irrigation Subprojects).
. Surface Water Quality Test 163. No comprehensive water quality data for the subproject areas water bodies currently exist. For the irrigation subproject, dry season water quality was sampled by the PPTA team using field test kits to give an indication of water quality and a basis for comparison at different locations. The sampling was at the beginning of the main (primary) canal at the pumping station. Another sample, analyzed only for coliforms and pesticide contamination, was taken half way along the canal where two of the subproject’s three secondary canals link with the main canal. For the village road subproject, the water quality in the main intermittent creek line over which the road passes was sampled by the PPTA team. Both areas were sampled in March during the dry season when water levels were low and would therefore show the most concentration of any contaminants. Sampling locations are shown in Figure 25 and Figure 26.
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Figure 25: Sampling Points for Surface Water, Groundwater and Noise, Lvea Commune
Source: PPTA team.
Figure 26: Sampling Points for Surface Water, Groundwater and Noise, Banthaey and Chbar Ampov Communes
Source: PPTA team.
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Table 33: Water Quality Results of Surface Water in the Main Canal, Lvea Commune Parameter Unit Main Canal, Lvea No. 27 ANRK.BK No. 27 ANRK.BK on Commune on Water Water Pollution Control (Lakes and At Half way Pollution Control Rivers) Headwater along (Rivers) pH 6.5 - 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Total alkalinity mg/l 120 - - - Hardness (CaCO 3) mg/l 85 - - - - NO 2 mg/l Nd - - 0.1-0.6 - NO 3 mg/l Nd - - - Cl mg/l <0.25 - - - S mg/l 220 - - - Fe mg/l 0 - - - Hg mg/l Nd - - - Cu mg/l 0.08 - - - Pesticide mg/l Positive positive - - Coliform >1CFU/100ml Positive positive <5,000 <1,000 Coliform >10 3CFU/ml Positive negative - - CaCO 3 = calcium carbonate, Cl = chlorine, CFU = Colony Forming Units, Cu = copper, Fe = iron, Hg = mercury, mg/l = milligram per liter, ml = millilitre, Nd = not detected, NO 2 = nitrogen dioxide, NO 3 = nitrate, pH = potential of hydrogen, S = sulfur, US EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency. Source: PPTA team. Table 34: Water Quality Results of Surface Water in the Creek Midway along the Village Road Parameter Unit Creek Line, No. 27 ANRK.BK on No. 27 ANRK.BK on Banthaey Water Pollution Water Pollution Commune Control (Rivers) Control (Lakes and Rivers) pH 6 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Total alkalinity mg/l 80 - - Hardness (CaCO 3) mg/l 50-120 - - - NO 2 mg/l Nd - 0.1-0.6 - NO 3 mg/l Nd - - Cl mg/l 0.25 - - S mg/l 250 - - Fe mg/l 0 - - Hg mg/l 0.002 - - Cu mg/l 0.5-1.0 - - Pesticide mg/l Positive - - Coliform >1CFU/100ml Negative <5,000 <1,000 Coliform >10 3CFU/ml Negative - - CaCO 3 = calcium carbonate, Cl = chlorine, CFU = Colony Forming Units, Cu = copper, Fe = iron, Hg = mercury, mg/l = milligram per liter, ml = millilitre, Nd = not detected, NO 2 = nitrogen dioxide, NO 3 = nitrate, pH = potential of hydrogen, S = sulfur, US EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency. Source: PPTA team.
164. Samples of surface water from both subproject areas were positive for pesticide contamination, indicating runoff of pesticides from paddy applications. The main canal at the Lvea irrigation subproject showed high indicative coliform counts where it receives water from the Trabaek River, but decreasing levels downstream in the canal thus indicating that the coliform pollution is sourced from the Trabaek River. The Cambodian standard for public waters, 3 Sub-decree No. 27 ANRK.BK on Water Pollution Control, includes permissible levels for coliforms, a range of pesticides and pesticide residues as well as heavy metals for public health protection. These require laboratory analysis which was not available within the resources of the PPTA team. A baseline for these parameters will need to be established for surface waters before operation of the irrigation subproject to enable monitoring of the effectiveness of the project’s integrated pesticide management capacity building.
3 Public water areas refer to water areas that are for public use such as: Tonle, Stung (rivers), stream, gully, lake, pond, well, sea, peam (river mouth) and include canal irrigation system and other waterways that are for public use and ground water.
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. Groundwater 165. The vulnerability of groundwater quality in irrigation areas, especially where the water table is at a shallow depth, is high. However, in the Lvea commune irrigation subproject area, farmers’ wells are routinely between 35 m and 40 m deep, and therefore are unlikely to share the same water table as the level of water in the canals. To check whether the quality of exploited groundwater is independent of local surface water quality, a series of samples from wells was analyzed by the PPTA team. The results are at Table 13. The results showed that some contamination occurs, especially in pesticides and coliforms, and that operational attention to the application of chemicals and domestic drainage is warranted. Table 35: Groundwater Quality Results of Groundwater at Wells in the Lvea Irrigation Subproject Area Cambodian Lvea Drinking US EPA Parameters Unit Water Drinking Well 1 Well 2 Well 3 Well 4 standard water 2009 Depth m 39 35 39 35 pH 6.0 6.5 6.5 - 5.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Total alkalinity mg/l 120 120 120 - - - Hardness mg/l <50 50 <50 - 500 60-200 (CaCO 3) - NO 2 mg/l ND ND ND - 1 3 - NO 3 mg/l ND 2 nd - 15 50 Cl mg/l 0.25 <0.25 <0.25 - - <250 S mg/l 50 250 <50 - - <250 Fe mg/l 0.02 ND 0.02 - 5 <0.3 Hg mg/l ND ND ND - 0.5 0.001 Cu mg/l 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 1.0 2 Pesticide mg/l positive negative positive positive - Atrazine 0.02 Chlorpyrifos 0.01 Diuron 0.02 Coliform >1CFU/10 negative negative positive positive 3 positive 0ml Coliform >10 3CFU/ negative negative positive negative 3 negative ml CaCO 3 = calcium carbonate, Cl = chlorine, CFU = Colony Forming Units, Cu = copper, Fe = iron, Hg = mercury, mg/l = milligram per liter, ml = millilitre, ND = not detected, NO 2 = nitrogen dioxide, NO 3 = Nitrate, pH = potential of hydrogen, S = sulfur, US EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency. Source: PPTA team.
166. Wells at houses along the alignment of the village road subproject were also sampled by the PPTA team to establish a baseline and also to check if capacity building and training is required in domestic water management. Two wells were sampled in Chbar Ampov village, and two in Bantheay village. Table 36: Groundwater Quality Results of Groundwater at Wells in the Subproject Schemes Cambodian US EPA Chbar Ampov Banthaey Drinking Parameter Unit Water Drinking Well 1 Well 2 Well 3 Well 4 standard 2009 water Depth m 45 35 5 67 pH 7.5 - 6 6 5.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Total alkalinity mg/l 360 - 120 40 - - Hardness mg/l 250 - 130 150 500 60-200 (CaCO 3) - NO 2 mg/l 0.2 - 0.2 0.2 1 3 - NO 3 mg/l 2 - 2 ND 15 50 Cl mg/l <0.25 - 0.25 <0.25 - <250 S mg/l 250 - 200 200 - <250 Fe mg/l ND - ND 0.02 5 <0.3 Hg mg/l ND - ND ND 0.5 0.001 Pb mg/l ND - ND - 0.01 0.01
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Chbar Ampov Banthaey Cambodian US EPA Drinking Parameter Unit Water Drinking Well 1 Well 2 Well 3 Well 4 standard 2009 water Cu mg/l <0.5 - 0.75 1.25 1.0 2 Pesticide mg/l negative - positive negative - Atrazine 0.02 Chlorpyrifos 0.01 Diuron 0.02 Coliform >1CFU/100ml negative positive positive negative 3 positive Coliform >10 3CFU/ ml negative positive positive negative 3 negative CaCO 3 = calcium carbonate, Cl = chlorine, CFU = Colony Forming Unit, Cu = copper, Fe = iron, Hg = mercury, mg/l = milligram per liter, ml = millilitre, ND = not detected, NO 2 = nitrogen dioxide, NO 3 = Nitrate, Pb = lead, pH = potential of hydrogen, S = sulfur, US EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency. Source: PPTA team.
167. The results indicate that shallow wells have poor water quality and the deepest wells have good water quality. Well No.2 at Chbar Ampov was positive for coliform at 35 m depth and indicates a local domestic runoff problem. b. Sixteen (16) Subprojects
168. Since this project does not concern water resources, no ambient water quality data was collected. During the construction phase of the project, impacts on surface waters from construction activities will be monitored but this will be via visually obtained baselines (turbidity, siltation, oil traces) and assessments rather than laboratory testing. 5. Air Quality and Noise
169. No ambient air quality data exists for the project provinces. Both the agricultural production areas and the rural roads are in predominantly agricultural lands and villages/residential areas where the air quality is sometimes affected by dust from tillage and unpaved road users and smoke from rice stubble burning after harvest. At most times however, due to the absence of industry and low traffic volumes, the air quality can be expected to be high, with low NO x and SO x and minimal CO. 6. Land Use and Vegetation
a. Core Subproject (Chbar Ampov Village Road and Lvea Irrigation Subprojects). 170. Land use in the subproject areas is agricultural, comprising actively farmed paddy fields or fallow paddy fields. The distribution of land use and vegetative cover of the areas is shown in Figures 20 and 21 (overleaf). 171. In the irrigation subproject area in Lvea commune, sections of the secondary canals to be rehabilitated have become vegetated, with canal bank trees often extending into the silted up canal bed. Where the canals are clear, vegetation often lines the banks and also occurs infrequently along paddy dykes. At Lvea commune, species comprise: Overgrown canals Canal banks and paddy dykes Eucalyptus tereticornis Zizyphus mauritania Acacia auriculiformis Streblus asper Bombax ceiba Pithecellobium dulce Shorea siamensis Aegle marmelos Pterocarpus indicus Ceiba pentandra Dendrocalamus giganteus Alstona scholaris Senna surattensis
172. Overgrown canals and heavily vegetated canal banks occur along the 1 km canal north of Highway 1 in Thnaot village, and the first 800 m of the 3 km long canal south of Highway 1, starting at a ruined Pol Pot era gate and flowing through Boeung Snao and Takork villages. This vegetation is dense in places and may be habitat for local fauna. It also provides wind and sun protection and
Page | 89 erosion and dust control functions for canals and villages. This is illustrated in Figures 16 and 17 below. 173. No vegetation species identified on site is included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List for Cambodia. There are no recorded endangered wildlife species nor natural or critical habitats in the subprojects’ area of influence. Figure 27: Overgrown Banks and Canal Bed at Thnaot Village, Lvea Commune
Figure 28: Overgrown Canal Banks at Takork Village, Lvea Commune
174. Where the road alignment in Batheay and Chbar Ampov communes in Kampong Cham passes through villages, trees, and other vegetation grow along the road verge. Many of these trees are productive trees for fruit and other products (e.g., mango and kapok). Out of the villages, in the farming areas vegetation is sparse and mainly confined to waterways and paddy dykes (See Figures 18 and 19). These comprise the following common species. No vegetation species identified on site are included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List for Cambodia, and no natural or critical habitats will be affected by the road alignment. In villages Along paddy areas Productive trees Zizyphus mauritania Anacardium occidentale Streblus asper Mangifera sp. Mimosa pudica Ceibra pentandra Borassus flabellifer Cocos nucifera Millingtonia hortensis Others (shade and wood) Samanea saman Along waterways Albizzia lebbek Pithecellobium dulce Streblus asper Albizzia lebbek Eucalyptus spp.
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Figure 29 : Vegetation along Subprojects
Figure 30: Sparse Vegetation in Paddy Areas
a. Sixteen (16) Subprojects
175. The land use of the seven project provinces is illustrated in Figure 31 . The data is taken from the 2016 land cover mapping by Open Development Cambodia. It shows the significant disparity in agricultural areas between provinces. Table 37: Agricultural lands as a proportion of land area per province Province Land Area km 2 Agricultural Land km 2 Percentage of land in Agriculture Kampong Cham 15,049 11286.75 75% Kampong Thom 13,814 4558.62 33% Siem Reap 10,299 4119.6 40% Tboung Khmom 5,250 3150 60% Battambang 12,036 3307.229 27.48% Banteay 6,141 3000.43 48.86% Meanchey Prey Veng 4,781 3893.517 60.52%
Figure 31: Landcover Maps for the Seven Project Provinces
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Source: Open Development Cambodia from the Regional Land Cover Monitoring System of the General Department of Administration for Nature Conservation and Protection (GDANCP/ MOE)
176. Vegetation cover along the project roads largely consists of agricultural crops such as rice, while some sections traverse areas covered with plantation crops such as rubber, black pepper, mangoes, sugarcane, cashew and cassava; with shrubs, grasses, and sparse trees. Lowland rice cropping is the main activity but other crops grown include soybean, cassava, and cashew. Fruit and vegetables crops are also cultivated although primarily for domestic consumption. Large and small livestock are raised and some households during the early dry season once the rice harvest is completed, travel to flood recession areas of the Tonle Sap to cultivate flood recession rice and fish. Irrigation and Roadside vegetation was sampled in the subproject areas during field inspections. The results are at
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177. Table 38 . Vegetation bordering the subprojects proceeding to detailed design was recorded. These sites cover all project provinces and may be assumed to represent the vegetation along all project roads and irrigation. None of the species are recorded as threatened on the IUCN Red List.
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Table 38: Vegetation growing along selected road subprojects Khmer Name English Name Science Name
ក Microcos Microcos paniculata