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Wohnungen Befriedigen Physische, Psychische Und Soziale

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Wohnungen Befriedigen Physische, Psychische Und Soziale Masterarbeit Titel der Masterarbeit „Soziale Wohnpolitik in der VR China anhand der Fallbeispiele Beijing und Shanghai 1998-2008“ Verfasser David Wense, Bakk.phil. angestrebter akademischer Grad Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2011 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 066 811 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Sinologie Betreuerin: Univ.-Prof.in Dr.in Mag.a Agnes Schick-Chen Mein Dank gebührt Frau Dr.in Mag.a Agnes Schick-Chen für ihre kompetente Betreuung, den gemeinsamen Dialog, den wertvollen Austausch sowie ihre engagierte Unterstützung. Frau Prof.in Dr.in Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik für ihre Inputs bei der ersten Annäherung an die Thematik. Herrn Dr. Chen Jie (Fudan University, Shanghai) für seine aufschlussreichen Erläuterungen zur Wohnpolitik der VR China. Meinen Eltern für den familiären Rückhalt, ihre Unterstützung und das in mich gesetzte Vertrauen. Su San für ihr Verständnis, das Füreinander und Miteinander, das Zusammenhalten. INHALTSVERZEICHNIS INHALTSVERZEICHNIS .................................................................................................................... I ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS ........................................................................................................... III DIAGRAMMVERZEICHNIS ............................................................................................................ IV TABELLENVERZEICHNIS ................................................................................................................. V ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS .......................................................................................................... VI 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Theorie ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Forschungsfrage und Zielsetzung .................................................................................. 3 1.3. Methodik und Stand der Forschung .............................................................................. 4 1.4. Aufbau der Arbeit .......................................................................................................... 5 2. Definitionen .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.1. Wohnen ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.2. Wohnpolitik ................................................................................................................... 6 2.3. Wohnungsmarkt ............................................................................................................ 7 2.4. Leistbarkeit .................................................................................................................. 10 2.5. Zentral–lokale Beziehungen ........................................................................................ 11 3. Wohnpolitik und –reformen in den städtischen Gebieten der VR China ................................ 14 3.1. Periode 1949 - 1978..................................................................................................... 14 Exkurs 1: Bodenreform im städtischen Bereich von 1949 - 1978 ............................... 15 3.2. Periode 1979 - 1997..................................................................................................... 18 Exkurs 2: Bodenreform im städtischen Bereich von 1979 bis 1997 ............................ 34 3.3. Periode 1998-2008 ...................................................................................................... 39 3.3.1. Richtlinien der Zentralregierung ....................................................................... 39 3.3.2. System der Wohnungsgewährleistung .............................................................. 43 3.3.2.1. System der Niedrigmietwohnungen ..................................................... 44 3.3.2.2. System der Kostengünstigen und Angemessenen Wohnungen .......... 50 3.3.3. Finanzierungsformen als Ergebnis der Wohnreform ........................................ 56 I 4. Vergleichende Städteanalyse .............................................................................................. 62 4.1. Beijing .......................................................................................................................... 62 4.1.1. Hintergrundinformationen ................................................................................ 63 4.1.2. Soziale Wohnpolitik ........................................................................................... 70 4.1.2.1. System der Niedrigmietwohnungen ..................................................... 71 4.1.2.2. System der Kostengünstigen und Angemessenen Wohnungen .......... 76 4.1.3. Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................. 86 4.2. Shanghai ...................................................................................................................... 89 4.2.1. Hintergrundinformationen ................................................................................ 89 4.2.2. Soziale Wohnpolitik in Shanghai ....................................................................... 97 4.2.2.1. System der Niedrigmietwohnungen ..................................................... 97 4.2.2.2. System der Kostengünstigen und Angemessenen Wohnungen ........ 103 4.2.3. Zusammenfassung Shanghai ........................................................................... 106 4.3. Gegenüberstellung .................................................................................................... 109 5. Conclusio ........................................................................................................................... 118 6. Kritische Würdigung & Ausblick .......................................................................................... 120 7. Bibliographie ..................................................................................................................... 121 8. Anhang .............................................................................................................................. 158 Dieser Masterarbeit wurde eine CD-Rom mit allen im Zuge der Recherche untersuchten Regierungsdokumente beigeschlossen. II ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS ABBILDUNG 1 GEGENÜBERSTELLUNG: KOSTEN- & STANDARDPREIS .................................................................... 28 ABBILDUNG 2 CHARAKTERISIERUNG DES ANJU-PROJEKTS ................................................................................. 31 ABBILDUNG 3: GRÜNDE FÜR DAS SCHEITERN DES ANJU-PROJEKTES ................................................................... 33 ABBILDUNG 4: TRANSFER VON BODENNUTZUNGSRECHTEN ............................................................................... 36 ABBILDUNG 5: DIE DREI ABSCHNITTE DER BODENREFORM ................................................................................ 38 ABBILDUNG 6: SYSTEM DES WOHNUNGSANGEBOTS ........................................................................................ 43 ABBILDUNG 7: NIEDRIGMIETSYSTEM ............................................................................................................. 50 ABBILDUNG 8: STRATEGIEN ZUR REDUZIERUNG DER BAUKOSTEN ....................................................................... 51 ABBILDUNG 9: BEIJING-MODELL .................................................................................................................. 59 ABBILDUNG 10: DIE SHANGHAI-METHODE .................................................................................................... 60 ABBILDUNG 11: STRUKTUR DER WOHNUNGSVERSORGUNG SEIT 1998 ............................................................... 85 III DIAGRAMMVERZEICHNIS DIAGRAMM 1: WACHSTUMSRATE & ANTEIL DER KOSTENGÜNSTIGEN UND ANGEMESSENEN WOHNUNGEN AM WOHNUNGSMARKT 1999-2008.................................................................................................................................................... 56 DIAGRAMM 2: WOHNBAUINVESTITIONEN IN BEIJING VON 2004 BIS 2008 ........................................................................... 64 DIAGRAMM 3: ERRICHTETE WOHNFLÄCHE IN BEIJING VON 1999 BIS 2008 .......................................................................... 64 DIAGRAMM 4: DURCHSCHNITTLICHE QUADRATMETERPREISE IN BEIJING ZWISCHEN 1999 UND 2008 ........................................ 65 DIAGRAMM 5: VERFÜGBARES EINKOMMEN IN BEIJING VON 1999 BIS 2008 ......................................................................... 66 DIAGRAMM 6: STEIGERUNGSRATEN: DURCHSCHNITTLICHE QUADRATMETERPREISES & VERFÜGBARES EINKOMMEN IN BEIJING ....... 66 DIAGRAMM 7: PIR-WERTE VON BEIJING ZWISCHEN 2001 UND 2008 ................................................................................. 67 DIAGRAMM 8: BESCHÄFTIGUNGSSTRUKTUR IN BEIJING 2001 ............................................................................................. 69 DIAGRAMM 9:VERTEILUNG DER AUSPRÄGUNGSFORMEN DES NIEDRIGMIETSYSTEMS IN BEIJING (BIS ENDE 2005) ........................ 74 DIAGRAMM 10: INVESTITIONEN IN KOSTENGÜNSTIGE UND ANGEMESSENE WOHNUNGEN AN GESAMTINVESTITIONEN .................. 81 DIAGRAMM 11: WOHNBAUINVESTITIONEN IN SHANGHAI VON 1999 BIS 2008 ....................................................................
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