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1. in General Gastrointestinal Absorption Is Favoured by an Empty Stomach. the Absorption Rate but Not the Extent of Absorption

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1. in General Gastrointestinal Absorption Is Favoured by an Empty Stomach. the Absorption Rate but Not the Extent of Absorption 130 Pharmacy 685.1. In general gastrointestinal absorption is favoured by an empty B stomach. The absorption rate but not the extent of absorption is reduced in presence of foods. Any factor such as food which The interface delays gastric emptying time will decrease the rate of absorption between the of most drugs because it takes longer for the drug to reach the gastrointestinal small intestines where most drugs are absorbed. lumen and the A) Rate of absorption from an oily suspension. mucosa is an B) Rate of absorption from an aqueous solution aqueous phase. Therefore, an A. a>b aqueous solution will B. a<b more easily mix with C. a=b that interface. 686.2. Intrathecal administration is necessary to: D A. Achieve high concentration within brain B. Decrease systemic side effects C. Provide spinal anesthesia to a specific nerve level D. All of the above 687.3. t1/2 is a function of D A. Distribution B. Metabolism C. Excretion D. All of the above 688.4. Which of the following are influenced by plasma protein binding? D A. Apparent volume of distribution B. Half - life of a drug C. Onset of drug action D. All of the above 689.5. Drugs may cross membranes by D A. Diffusion in accordance with lipid solubility of the drug B. Filtration through aqueous pores C. Active transport D. All of the above 690.6. The main site of drug metabolism is the A A. Liver B. Red Blood Cells C. Small Intestine D. Kidney 691.7. The oxidative metabolism of many drugs is mediated by enzymes D located in the A. Mitochondrial Fraction B. Lyzosomal Fraction C. Cell Membrane D. Microsomal Fraction 131 Pharmacy 692.8. Microsomal oxidation is inhibited by such agents as: A & B A. Erythromycin B. Ketoconazole C. Phenobarbitone D. Phenytoin 693.9. Hydrolyis reactions are important for biotransformation of which B & D of the following functional groups? A. Ethers B. Amides C. Sulphides D. Esters 694.10. Glucuronide conjugation: C & D A. Occurs only in the microsomal fractions of the liver B. Is not important for excretion C. Is not fully developed in the neonate D. Is induced by phenobarbitone 695.11. Which disease states significantly affect drug metabolism? A & B A Alcoholic Cirrhosis B. Chronic Active Hepatitis C. Glomerulonephritis D. Aminoglycoside Toxicity 696.12. Which are potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 metabolism? C & B A. Phenytoin B. Erythromycin C. Ketoconazole D. Carbamazepine 697.13. The majority of drug receptors are located on A A. Cell Surfaces B. RNA C. DNA D. Mitochondria 698.14. Which of the following processes require input of energy? D A. Aqueous Filtration Both Active transport and facilitated diffusion are B. Facilitated Diffusion carrier mediated process but C. Lipid Diffusion only active transport is D. Active Transport energy dependent and will transport substances against an energy gradient. 132 Pharmacy 699.17. (A)Rapidity of absorption after oral administration B (B)Rapidity of absorption after pulmonary administration Pulmonary epithelium has A. a b very large surface area to B. a b C. a=b which drugs is exposed. The stomach which initially meets the drug has a small surface area. For mild symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, initial 700.18. A management include use of A. Antacids B. Sodium bicarbonate C. Domperidone D. Metoclopramide 701.19. The absorption of a drug is a function of D A. Physiochemical properties of the drug B. Vehicle in which the drug is dispersed. C. Route of administration D. All of the above 702.20. The primary factor that influences the rate of absorption from B subcutaneous or intramuscular site of administration is The rate of absorption from a subcutaneous or intra A. Speed of administration muscular site is a function B. Blood Flow of the vasculature at that site C. Volume of fluid administered and the rate of blood flow D. Diameter of the needle through that vasculature system 703.21. Which of the following factors can decrease the rate of absorption B from a subcutaneous injection site? Epinephrine being a vasoconstrictor can delay A. Massage of injection site absorption. B. Addition of epinephrine to injection C. Application of local heat D. All of the above 704.22. Which of the following is not acceptable for long term (days to B weeks) drug delivery system. Although Gastrointestinal A. Subcutaneous Implantation of solid pellets. absorption can be prolonged by enteric coating the maximum B. Timed released oral prescription time is still limited by transit C. Intramuscular injection of drug in oil suspension time through the gastrointestinal D. Transdermal delivery of drug through a matrix patch system. 133 Pharmacy 705.24. Buccal or sublingual administration can be important for drugs A & C which meet which of the following criteria? Sublingually administered A. Drugs must be potent drugs must be very potent B. Drug must be highly water soluble and highly lipid soluble because of the very limited C. Rapid effect is most desirable surface area of the buccal D. Drug must have limited first pass effect mucosa. 706.25. Which of the following factors may vary from brand name and B & D generic equivalent drug? It is important to know the quality of generic drug prescribed since poor control of A. Chemical structure tablet/capsule production B. Rate of disintegration process can lead to great variability in the rate of C. Salt form absorption and sometimes in the D. Particle size total dose absorbed. This will effect the peak and duration of plasma concentration. 707.26. Intra-arterial injection is acceptable for A & C A. Radilogically active agent necessary to visualize specific organs. B. Vascular access when venous attempts area unsuccessful C. For organ specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. D. Any dug delivery when an existing arterial line is in place for monitoring vascular status 708.27. Which of the following are major advantages of rectal versus oral A & C administration of a drug? A. Can be given to unconscious patients B. The absorption is more regular C. Most of the drug does not pass through liver before entry into the systemic circulation. D. The action of the drug is prolonged 709.28. A drug may accumulate in milk if it is C A. highly ionized B. water soluble C. binds to calcium D. None of the above 710.29. Ability of a drug to bind to a receptor is referred to as its: D A. Potency B. Efficacy C. Allergenicity D. Affinity 711.30. Maximal effect produced by adrug is referred to as its: A A. Efficacy 134 Pharmacy B. Antagonism C. Potency D. Affinity 712.31. The term often used interchangeably with intrinsic activity is: C A. Partial agonist B. Affinity C. Efficacy D. Competitive antagonist 713.32. (a) Potency of a drug which requires 10 mg to elicit its maximal A response (b) Potency of a drug which requires 100 mg to elicit its maximal response A. a>b B. a<b C. a=b 714.33. An agonist can reverse the effect of a: A A. Competitive antagonist B. Non competitive antagonist C. Both competitive and non competitive antagonists D. Neither of the above 35. 715. Which one of the following is TRUE for a drug whose elimination C from plasma shows first order kinetics? A. The half life of the drug is proportional to the drug concentration in plasma. B. The amount eliminated per unit of time is constant. C. The rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma concentration. D. Elimination involves a rate limiting enzyme reaction operating at its maximal velocity (Vmax) 716.36. Diazoxide has been used by .............. route in hypertensive A emergencies A. Intravenous B. Intramuscular C. Subcutaneous D. Oral 135 Pharmacy 717.37. The addition of glucuronic acid to a drug: B A. Decrease its water solubility. B. Usually leads to inactivation of the drug C. Is an example of a phase 1 reaction D. Occurs at the same rate in adults and newborns 718.38. Drugs showing zero order kinetics of elimination: D A. Are more common than those showing first order kinetics. B. Decrease In concentration exponentially with time C. Have a half life independent of dose. D. Show a plot of drug concentration versus time that is linear 719.41. Which of the following results in a doubling of the steady state A concentration of a drug? A. Doubling the rate of concentration B. Maintaining the rate of infusion, but doubling the loading dose. C. Doubling the rate of infusion and doubling the concentration of the infused drug. D. Tripling the rate of infusion 720.42. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Drug Tolerance? D A. Unusually large amount of drug is required to produce drug effect B. Tolerance is usually developed for Nitrates C. Tachyphylaxis is a type of tolerance D. Sedative hypnotic drugs do not exhibit tolerance 721.43. Variation in the sensitivity of a population of individuals to D increasing doses of a drug is best determined by which of the following? A. Efficacy B. Potency C. Therapeutic Index D. Quantal dose response curve 722.44. Absorption of drugs from the lung is facilitated by : D A. Large surface area of the alveolar membranes B. limited thickness of these membranes C. High blood flow to the alveolar region D. All of the above 136 Pharmacy 723.45. A patient with an acute attack of glaucoma is treated with D pilocarpine. The primary reason for its effectiveness in this condition is its: A. Action to terminate acetylcholinesterase. B. Selectivity for nicotinic receptors. C. Ability to inhibit secretions, such as tears, saliva and sweat.
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