The Peripheral Conversion of Thyroxine (T4) Into Triiodothyronine
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Te2, Part Iii
TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS -
Hypothyroidism Mauricio Alvarez Andrade and Oscar Rosero Olarte
Chapter Hypothyroidism Mauricio Alvarez Andrade and Oscar Rosero Olarte Abstract Hypothyroidism is a condition that results from thyroid hormone deficiency that can range from an asymptomatic condition to a life-threatening disease. The prevalence of hypothyroidism varies according to the population, from up to 3 to 4% in some populations and in the case of subclinical hypothyroidism up to 5–10%. Clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism are diverse, broad, and non-specific and can be related to many systems, reflecting the systemic effects of thyroid hormones. The severity of the symptoms is usually related to the severity of the thyroid hor- mone deficit. The most common form of hypothyroidism, primary hypothyroid- ism, is diagnosed when there is elevation of TSH and decrease in the level of free T4 and Subclinical hypothyroidism is diagnosed when there is an elevation of TSH with normal levels of free T4. The most frequent cause of primary hypothyroid- ism in populations without iodine deficiency is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Iodine deficiency is the main cause of hypothyroidism in populations with deficiency of iodine intake. The treatment of choice for hypothy- roidism is thyroxine (T4), which has shown efficacy in multiple studies to restore the euthyroid state and improve the symptoms of hypothyroidism. In subclinical hypothyroidism, the treatment depends on the age, functionality, and comorbidi- ties of the patients. The total replacement dose of levothyroxine in adults is approxi- mately 1.6 mcg/kg; however in elderly patients with heart disease or coronary heart disease, the starting dose should be from 0.3 to 0.4 mcg/kg/day with progressive increase of 10% of the dose monthly. -
Hipotiroidismo Congénito Central: Correlaciones Clínico-Genéticas E Investigación De Sus Mecanismos Moleculares
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departamento de Bioquímica. Hipotiroidismo congénito central: correlaciones clínico-genéticas e investigación de sus mecanismos moleculares Marta García González Madrid, 2017 Departamento de Bioquímica. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Hipotiroidismo congénito central: correlaciones clínico-genéticas e investigación de sus mecanismos moleculares Doctoranda: Marta GARCÍA GONZÁLEZ. Licenciada en Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Director: Dr. José Carlos Moreno Navarro. Laboratorio Molecular de Tiroides. Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM). Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid). José Carlos Moreno Navarro, Doctor en Medicina y Director del Laboratorio Molecular de Tiroides en el Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM) del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid. CERTIFICA: Que Marta García González, Licenciada en Biología y Máster en Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Biomedicina por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ha realizado bajo su dirección el trabajo de investigación titulado: Hipotiroidismo congénito central: correlaciones clínico-genéticas e investigación de sus mecanismos moleculares El que suscribe considera el trabajo realizado satisfactorio y apto para ser presentado como Tesis Doctoral en el Departamento de Bioquímica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Y para que conste donde proceda expiden el presente certificado en Madrid a 19 de Junio de 2017. Fdo. José Carlos Moreno Navarro Marta García González. -
Method of Estimating Thyroid Hormone Secretion Rate of Rats and Factors Affecting It
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE RESEARCH BULLETIN 969 providedSeptember by University of 1969Missouri: MOspace UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ELMER R. KIEHL, Director Method of Estimating Thyroid Hormone Secretion Rate of Rats and Factors Affecting It CHARLES W. TURNER (Publication authorized September 25, 1969) COLUMBIA, MISSOURI 2 MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writer wishes to express his appreciation to the Directors of the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station and the chairmen of the Depart ment of Dairy Husbandry for their cooperation and financial support of the project Endocrine-genetic Interrelationship in Milk Secretion. In addi tion, the research reported in this bulletin has been supported by generous grants-in-aid from the United States Atomic Energy Commission since 3 1954, when iodine' ' became available for our research. This support, Con tract No. AT (l l-1)-301, extended until my retirement in 1967. The contract has been extended to my successor, Dr. Ralph R. Ander son, as No. AT(l l-1)-1758, from 1968 to date. I am also indebted to the fine group of graduate students and Post Doctorate Fellows who have worked on this project during the past 15 years. Credit for their contributions are indicated in the citation to the re views of their research. While the primary aim of this project has been the extension of our knowledge of the role of the thyroid gland and its hormones in relation to milk secretion, it has made possible, also, the training of graduate students and research fellows in the field of animal physiology and endocrinology. -
Metabolism of Reverse Triiodothyronine by Isolated Rat Hepatocytes
Metabolism of reverse triiodothyronine by isolated rat hepatocytes. S J Rooda, … , M A van Loon, T J Visser J Clin Invest. 1987;79(6):1740-1748. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI113014. Research Article Reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) is metabolized predominantly by outer ring deiodination to 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) in the liver. Metabolism of rT3 and 3,3'-T2 by isolated rat hepatocytes was analyzed by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and radioimmunoassay, with closely agreeing results. Deiodinase activity was inhibited with propylthiouracil (PTU) and sulfotransferase activity by sulfate depletion or addition of salicylamide or dichloronitrophenol. Normally, little 3,3'-T2 production from rT3 was observed, and 125I- was the main product of both 3, [3'-125I]T2 and [3',5'-125I]rT3. PTU inhibited rT3 metabolism but did not affect 3,3'-T2 clearance as explained by accumulation of 3,3'-T2 sulfate. Inhibition of sulfation did not affect rT3 clearance but 3,3'-T2 metabolism was greatly diminished. The decrease in I- formation from rT3 was compensated by an increased recovery of 3,3'-T2 up to 70% of rT3 metabolized. In conclusion, significant production of 3,3'-T2 from rT3 by rat hepatocytes is only observed if further sulfation is inhibited. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/113014/pdf Metabolism of Reverse Triiodothyronine by Isolated Rat Hepatocytes Sebo Jan Eelkman Rooda, Maria A. C. van Loon, and Thoo J. Vissef Department ofInternal Medicine III and Clinical Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Abstract It deiodinates only the outer ring of substrates such as T4 and rT3 (2-4). -
United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,288,257 B2 Powell (45) Date of Patent: Oct
US007288257B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,288,257 B2 Powell (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 30, 2007 (54) DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN 5,342,788 A 8/1994 Kunst et a1. .............. .. 436/500 DORMANCY SYNDROME 5,691,456 A 11/1997 AdamcZyk et al. ....... .. 530/405 6,087,090 A 7/2000 Mascarenhas ................ .. 435/4 (76) Inventor: Michael Powell, 150 Catherine Lance, 2003/0007941 A1 1/2003 Cornelius et a1, Suite 1, Grass Valley, CA (US) 95945 ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS U.S.C. 154(b) by 199 days. _ Hannah V. Carey, The American Physiological Society, Physical _ Rev 83; Mammalian Hibernation: Cellular and Molecular (21) Appl' NO" 10/444’845 Responses to Depressed Metabolism and Low Temperature, 2003, (22) Filed: May 23, 2003 PP' 1153'1181' _ _ _ Primary ExamineriRuth A Davis (65) Pnor Pubhcatlon Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or F irmiBorson LaW Group, PC; D. US 2003/0228628 A1 Dec. 11, 2003 Benjamin Borson Related US. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT (60) Provisional application No. 60/382,913, ?led on May $112002’ provlslonal apphcanon NO‘ 60/383’271’ New methods for diagnosis of human dormancy syndrome e on May 24’ 2002' are provided. Human dormancy syndrome is characterized (51) Int C1 by elevated serum ratio of rT3/iT 3 compared to a population 1462K 3'9/00 (2006 01) of normal subjects from Which subjects suffering from A 61K 38/22 (200601) ?bromyalgia, chronic fatigue, obesity, dementias including A 61K 38/27 (200601) AlZheimer’s Disease and related dormancy conditions are C1 2 Q 1/00 (200601) excluded, and the presence of one or more ?ndings related ' A / A / A to reduced activity including torpor, chronic fatigue, insulin (52) US. -
Neo-Mercazole
NEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET 1 NEO-MERCAZOLE Carbimazole 5mg tablet 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each tablet contains 5mg of carbimazole. Excipients with known effect: Sucrose Lactose For a full list of excipients see section 6.1 List of excipients. 3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM A pale pink tablet, shallow bi-convex tablet with a white centrally located core, one face plain, with Neo 5 imprinted on the other. 4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Primary thyrotoxicosis, even in pregnancy. Secondary thyrotoxicosis - toxic nodular goitre. However, Neo-Mercazole really has three principal applications in the therapy of hyperthyroidism: 1. Definitive therapy - induction of a permanent remission. 2. Preparation for thyroidectomy. 3. Before and after radio-active iodine treatment. 4.2 Dose and method of administration Neo-Mercazole should only be administered if hyperthyroidism has been confirmed by laboratory tests. Adults Initial dosage It is customary to begin Neo-Mercazole therapy with a dosage that will fairly quickly control the thyrotoxicosis and render the patient euthyroid, and later to reduce this. The usual initial dosage for adults is 60 mg per day given in divided doses. Thus: Page 1 of 12 NEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET Mild cases 20 mg Daily in Moderate cases 40 mg divided Severe cases 40-60 mg dosage The initial dose should be titrated against thyroid function until the patient is euthyroid in order to reduce the risk of over-treatment and resultant hypothyroidism. Three factors determine the time that elapses before a response is apparent: (a) The quantity of hormone stored in the gland. (Exhaustion of these stores usually takes about a fortnight). -
Abnormality of the Middle Phalanx of the 4Th Toe Abnormality of The
Glucocortocoid-insensitive primary hyperaldosteronism Absence of alpha granules Dexamethasone-suppresible primary hyperaldosteronism Abnormal number of alpha granules Primary hyperaldosteronism Nasogastric tube feeding in infancy Abnormal alpha granule content Poor suck Nasal regurgitation Gastrostomy tube feeding in infancy Abnormal alpha granule distribution Lumbar interpedicular narrowing Secondary hyperaldosteronism Abnormal number of dense granules Abnormal denseAbnormal granule content alpha granules Feeding difficulties in infancy Primary hypercorticolismSecondary hypercorticolism Hypoplastic L5 vertebral pedicle Caudal interpedicular narrowing Hyperaldosteronism Projectile vomiting Abnormal dense granules Episodic vomiting Lower thoracicThoracolumbar interpediculate interpediculate narrowness narrowness Hypercortisolism Chronic diarrhea Intermittent diarrhea Delayed self-feeding during toddler Hypoplastic vertebral pedicle years Intractable diarrhea Corticotropin-releasing hormone Protracted diarrhea Enlarged vertebral pedicles Vomiting Secretory diarrhea (CRH) deficient Adrenocorticotropinadrenal insufficiency (ACTH) Semantic dementia receptor (ACTHR) defect Hypoaldosteronism Narrow vertebral interpedicular Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) distance Hypocortisolemia deficient adrenal insufficiency Crohn's disease Abnormal platelet granules Ulcerative colitis Patchy atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium Corticotropin-releasing hormone Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis Single isolated congenital Nausea Diarrhea Hyperactive bowel -
Comprehensive Thyroid Plus Adrenal Report
Comprehensive Thyroid Plus Adrenal Report Jane Doe SAMPLEDate Collected: 2/13/2017 Comprehensive Thyroid Plus Adrenal Report Patient Name: Doe, Jane Batch Number: B0000 Patient DOB: 12/10/1960 Accession Number: Q00000 Gender: F Date Received: 2/14/2017 Physician Jon Doe, ND Report Date: 2/22/2017 Test Patient Results Reference Value DHEAS µg/dL 0 125 250 375 500 107 35 - 430 TSH µIU/mL 0.020 1.260 2.500 3.740 4.980+ 7.030 0.358 - 3.74 T4, Total µg/dL 0.5 4.4 8.3 12.1 16.0 7.2 4.5 - 12.5 T3, Free pg/mL 0.5 1.9 3.3 4.6 6.0 3.6 2.2 - 4.0 T4, Free ng/dL 0.10 0.83 1.55 2.28 3.00 0.87 0.76 - 1.46 Cortisol µg/dL 0.2 11.4 22.6 33.8 45.0 6.5 3.1 - 22.4 AntiTPO Ab IU/mL 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 + > 1000.0 0.0 - 35.0 AntiThyroglobulin Ab IU/mL 20 30 40 50 60 + 97 ND - 40 Thyroglobulin ng/mL 0 20 40 60 80 38 <= 55 Thyroxinebinding globulin, TBG µg/mL SAMPLE0 11 23 34 45 20 14 - 31 10401 Town Park Drive, Houston, Texas 77072 USA CLIA# 45D0710715 (800)227-LABS(5227) / (713)-621-3101 James W. Jacobson, Ph.D., Laboratory Director Comprehensive Thyroid Plus Adrenal Report Patient Name: Doe, Jane Batch Number: B0000 Patient DOB: 12/10/1960 Accession Number: Q00000 Gender: F Date Received: 2/14/2017 Physician Jon Doe, ND Report Date: 2/22/2017 Test Component Flag Result Reference Range DHEA-S µg/dL 107 35 - 430 TSH µIU/mL H 7.030 0.358 - 3.74 T4, Total µg/dL 7.2 4.5 - 12.5 T3, Free pg/mL 3.6 2.2 - 4.0 T4, Free ng/dL 0.87 0.76 - 1.46 Cortisol µg/dL 6.5 3.1 - 22.4 Anti-TPO Ab IU/mL H > 1000.0 0.0 - 35.0 Anti-Thyroglobulin Ab IU/mL H 97 ND - 40 Thyroglobulin ng/mL 38 <= 55 Thyroxine-binding globulin, TBGSAMPLE µg/mL 20 14 - 31 10401 Town Park Drive, Houston, Texas 77072 USA CLIA# 45D0710715 (800)227-LABS(5227) / (713)-621-3101 James W. -
Effect of Methylthiouracil Administration on Nucleic Acids in Rabbit Thyroid
EFFECT OF METHYLTHIOURACIL ADMINISTRATION ON NUCLEIC ACIDS IN RABBIT THYROID NOBUO SUZUKI* Department of Biochemistry,School of Medicine,University of Nagoya Since the experimental reports by Richter and Clisby (1) and Kennedy (2), it has been demonstrated by many authors that the administration of thiourea and its derivatives produce thyroid enlargement involving hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the epithelial cell and colloid loss in various kinds of animals. Although such substances as antithyroid agents functionally give rise to a total hypothyrosis of the animal (3, 4), the follicular cell morphologically does not show the picture of the resting state, but shows on the contrary a hyperactive state. Thiourea and its derivatives have been shown to exert antithyroidal action through their reducing power and preferential reactivity with iodine, which inhibits the oxidative conversion of iodide to iodine-the first step of hormone synthesis (5, 6) and the formation of diiodotyrosine and also the oxidative coupling of two molecules of diiodotyrosine to one molecule of thyroxine-the second and third step of hormone synthesis (7, 8, etc.). It is generally observed that during the course of thiouracil treatment patients are often led into granulocytopenia and in rare cases even fatal agranulocytosis. This toxic effect was confirmed by animal experiments (9, 10), and Tinacci (11) demonstrated that thiouracil blocks the process of cell division of bone-marrow. On the other hand, according to Du Chaliot (12) a grain of wheat in the presence of methylthiouracil does not germinate or worse yet even sprout, and De Ritis and Scalfi (13) observed partial or complete inhibition of the growth of Staphy- lococci in the culture-medium containing thiourea in proportion to the dose. -
Ehealth DSI [Ehdsi V2.2.2-OR] Ehealth DSI – Master Value Set
MTC eHealth DSI [eHDSI v2.2.2-OR] eHealth DSI – Master Value Set Catalogue Responsible : eHDSI Solution Provider PublishDate : Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 1 of 490 MTC Table of Contents epSOSActiveIngredient 4 epSOSAdministrativeGender 148 epSOSAdverseEventType 149 epSOSAllergenNoDrugs 150 epSOSBloodGroup 155 epSOSBloodPressure 156 epSOSCodeNoMedication 157 epSOSCodeProb 158 epSOSConfidentiality 159 epSOSCountry 160 epSOSDisplayLabel 167 epSOSDocumentCode 170 epSOSDoseForm 171 epSOSHealthcareProfessionalRoles 184 epSOSIllnessesandDisorders 186 epSOSLanguage 448 epSOSMedicalDevices 458 epSOSNullFavor 461 epSOSPackage 462 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 2 of 490 MTC epSOSPersonalRelationship 464 epSOSPregnancyInformation 466 epSOSProcedures 467 epSOSReactionAllergy 470 epSOSResolutionOutcome 472 epSOSRoleClass 473 epSOSRouteofAdministration 474 epSOSSections 477 epSOSSeverity 478 epSOSSocialHistory 479 epSOSStatusCode 480 epSOSSubstitutionCode 481 epSOSTelecomAddress 482 epSOSTimingEvent 483 epSOSUnits 484 epSOSUnknownInformation 487 epSOSVaccine 488 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 3 of 490 MTC epSOSActiveIngredient epSOSActiveIngredient Value Set ID 1.3.6.1.4.1.12559.11.10.1.3.1.42.24 TRANSLATIONS Code System ID Code System Version Concept Code Description (FSN) 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01 A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01 -
Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria.