WOMEN and POST-2014 Afghanistan

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The EastWest Institute 11 East 26th Street, 20th Floor New York, NY 10010 U.S.A. 1-212-824-4100 [email protected] www.ewi.info WOMEN AND POST-2014 Afghanistan

Report on Afghan Parliamentarians’ Visit to Brussels ANISTAN A FGH ST-2014 EN AND PO OM EN EWI • W • EWI

4 EWI • WOMEN AND POST-2014 AFGHANISTAN 5 - 2012. 2012. head of a of head sits on the sits mosque in mosque December December of the blue of boy in front in front boy A white dove dove white A This proved This proved a be to not only - experi valuable in termsence personalof but growth, encour also aged a greater aged Afghanrole for legisla- women in othertors public of areas - life—particu engaging larly, in discussions on the future and stability of insecurity Afghanistan. azar-i-Sharif, Mazar-i-Sharif, - - - - Hamid resident resident P arliamentarians Network iven Given their fears that their - parliamen women akistani P P arliamentarians Network arliamentarians and Network its part P arliamentarians Network has already - fa P Currently, women make up 27 percent of the Af the of percent up 27 make women Currently, By members. has 249 which ghan parliament, 33 up approximately make women comparison, which has Parliament, the European of percent 754 members. The female for opportunities seeking is constantly as par effectiveness their increase to members as security, and peace for working liamentarians be- region the in their network enlarge to as well Pakistan. and Afghanistan yond The women between meetings historic two cilitated and Pakistan. Afghanistan from parliamentarians In June 2011, the network arranged the first-ever - parliamen women Afghan of delegation a visit of to opportunity valuable Islamabad—a tarians to - Presi countries. these between ties new forge the welcomed Pakistan of Zardari Ali Asif dent delegation to Islamabad. In April 2012, the first of delegation official tarians visited Afghanistan, where they met with met they where Afghanistan, tarians visited high-ranking officials, including Karzai. Karzai. meetings two these of Building on the outcome and recognizing the need for Afghan women to - delega in international their visibility increase the tions, - parlia Afghan visit for the study facilitated ners mentarians to Brussels. During this meet with able to were the parliamentarians week-long visit, and concerns their hopes and voice stakeholders Afghanistan. the people of of as representatives experience be a valuable not only to This proved encouraged but also growth, personal of in terms in legislators women Afghan for role a greater engaging public life—particularly, of other areas - and se stability of on the future in discussions curity in Afghanistan. Afghanistan, in a post-2014 be eroded may rights that it is par feel parliamentarians the women in such participate them to ticularly important for discussions. and delegations This the summarizes report priorities of both the - Eu various of the representatives and delegation in Brussels. institutions ropean - S in romotion romotion for P eace eace and - Secu S’ S’ primary focus P arliamentarians Net - Europe the of OPPD) P Officefor roup Group mainly onfocuses arliamentarians Network alala Yousafzai. A 14-year 14-year A Yousafzai. Malala P revention revention created WP P arliamentarians Network arliamentarians - for Con Network P revention convened a convened study visit forrevention roup Group on Women,

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ver ver these past two years, WP Introduction arliamentary Democracy ( Democracy arliamentary In partnership with the The EastWest Institute’s head simply because she was standing up for the for up standing was she because simply head Miraculously, an education. get all girls to right of Yousafzai survived the assassination surgery for England to dispatched and she was attempt, recovery. to begin the road her to that has allowed But the attack theexemplified brutality girls and their most secure to struggle as they face women Afghanistan. and Pakistan in both freedoms basic rity (WP in part take to parliamentarians women Afghan and with international consultations high-level promoting of with the goal institutions European and en- bodies political in international their role with and security on peace in discussions gaging Afghanistan. of the future to regard two-thirds of whom were women, to Brussels, Brussels, to women, whom were of two-thirds tried to kill Taliban the old Action External European the and Parliament an Service (EEAS), the P visit some to delegation Afghan the for arranged institutions international prominent the most of from the Working work for Conflict - Afghani in parliamentarians has been on female groups bringing the two By and Pakistan. stan this effort together, closer lawmakers women of be- trust-building to contribute that ties forges regional and countries neighboring these tween and security. stability conflictprevention andpeacebuilding O efforts.

2010, 2010, marking the 10th anniversary of U.N. - Se more for It calls 1325. resolution Council curity for role and an active women of inclusiveness them theirin stressing conflictresolutionefforts, initia- peace of the sustainability for importance the role strengthen to activities of In pursuit tives. of the women, Working T Women par- The Role of liamentarians belonging to the network in Women in Politics Afghanistan and Pakistan have called for action to increase their visibility in security dialogues and to press for increased partic- he EastWest Institute’s Parliamentar- committed to implementing. Some of the ians Network for Conflict Prevention most important milestones of this Action Plan ipation in their identified the issue of “Women,P eace are the recognition of the need for sustained respective Tand Security” as the overarching dialogue between Afghanistan and Pakistan theme on which to center a Working Group. and the importance of including women in parliaments. The Working Group was established in 2010, these dialogues. To further this process, the on the 10th anniversary of the United Nations members of the delegations committed to Security Council Resolution 1325. The aim of hosting Pakistani female parliamentarians the Working Group is to promote and under- in Kabul as part of an official delegation. take activities geared towards the successful Furthermore, a commitment was made to implementation of Resolution 1325, such as strengthening the capacity of Afghan and increasing the substantive role of women in Pakistani women lawmakers through regular issues of conflict resolution, peace processes policy briefings and advocacy opportunities and in dialogues pertaining to peace and se- with regional and international lawmakers. curity. Women parliamentarians belonging to the network in Afghanistan and Pakistan have In light of the sustained dialogue between called for action to increase their visibility in the two nations and the return visit that security dialogues and to press for increased was agreed upon in the Islamabad Action participation in their respective parliaments. Plan, the Parliamentarians Network and the ANISTAN A FGH ST-2014 Women’s Parliamentary Caucus of the Paki- In answering this call, the Parliamentarians stani parliament facilitated a return visit for Network arranged for two prior delegations women parliamentarians from Pakistan to to visit Islamabad and Kabul respectively, Kabul, Afghanistan. The five female members with the aim of increasing mutual under- were part of the first-ever official delegation standing between Pakistan and Afghanistan of Pakistani women parliamentarians to visit EN AND PO OM EN and providing women parliamentarians in Afghanistan. The meeting took place in Kabul these countries with valuable experiences as from April 14-16, 2012 and built on the Islam- members of an official delegation. abad Action Plan. The report Women, Peace EWI • W • EWI and Security outlines the accomplishments The first official delegation meeting took of this visit and examines some of the com- 6 place on June 3-4, 2011. A delegation of eight mon challenges faced by female parliamen- female Afghan parliamentarians traveled to tarians in Afghanistan and Pakistan. During Islamabad, Pakistan. The report Forging New this meeting, the participants adopted the Ties published the achievements of this two- Kabul Action Plan. Key components of this day visit, as well as the Islamabad Action Plan, plan include the commitment to jointly sup- which the Afghan and Pakistani politicians port measures that will strengthen the capac- EWI • WOMEN AND POST-2014 AFGHANISTAN 7 at the Afghan Afghan in Kabul, in Kabul, June 2012. lawmakers lawmakers parliament parliament - pres The mere these of ence - parlia female mentarians on del- an official these to egation institutionskey - pro in Brussels them withvides higher visibility in discussions andon peace issuessecurity in theirback parliaments - and strength asens their role politicians and lawmakers. - ar ub- P P Gender Grabar- eneral General for ), ), where the delegation O roups. Groups. The European - Rela for Delegation arliament P olitical olitical P eneral General of the Brussels-based Energy rganization rganization (NAT Kitarovic. Another key meeting was held with meeting was Another key Kitarovic. of President where the Belgian Parliament André Flahaut represented the Chamber to country Belgium as a troop-contributing Force Assistance Security International the - Sec the with met also delegation The F). (ISA retary Secretariat. Charter lic Diplomacy, Ambassador Kolinda Committee Committee on Women’s Rights and several with up followed and (FEMM) Equality this committee of with members sessions - Parlia in the European women of on the role ment’s - on inter-institu discussions liament hosted The ethics. and parliamentary tional relations group also attended an official meeting with European the focusing particularly Afghanistan, tions with in issues and health diplomacy on sanitary Afghanistan. EEAS jointly meetings organized with its key - so with civil as a roundtable as well experts, women of the role discussing experts, ciety on focusing peace, sustainable in brokering Afghanistan. in post-2014 security economic the included a visit to meetings Further headquarters of the North O Atlantic Treaty met with senior officials including thewoman Assistant Secretary first - arlia- P revention, revention, arliament’s arliament’s P P OPPD of the European arliament Delegation for - Re P roup Group is committed to, it spon- lations with Afghanistan, met the delegation met the delegation Afghanistan, lations with and informally. both formally times, several The firstday included informal discussions with members of the European To To this end, the EastWest Institute’s meetings this visit included for The program the European of representatives with various the chair of Thijs Berman, MEP Parliament. the European ity of women parliamentarians to enact leg to parliamentarians women of ity islation in both countries and to re-energize “friendship groups” as an avenue to further dialogue and understanding. parliamentary mentarians Network for Conflict in partnership with the study convened and the EEAS, Parliament - parliamen Afghan of the delegation visit for aims the with keeping In Brussels. to tarians the Working on the parliamentarians the female sored the one of this visit, In convening delegation. ad- Plan was Action the Islamabad of points the capacity namely strengthening dressed, advocacy providing by lawmakers women of lawmakers. with international opportunities Not only in is such the to opportunity engage importance, immense of activities advocacy - parlia female these of presence the mere mentarians on an official delegationto these them provides in Brussels institutions key on peace in discussions with higher visibility in their parliaments back issues and security politicians and as their role and strengthens lawmakers. ANISTAN A FGH ST-2014 EN AND PO OM EN EWI • W • EWI

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EWI • WOMEN AND POST-2014 AFGHANISTAN 9 - in Herat. Around 250 Around receiving six receiving Kabul, Janu- Kabul, ary 10, 2013. 2013. ary 10, ceremony in ceremony A policeman A erat west of west Herat ing at a police “In Europe, “In Europe, parliamentar - ily profession al in public office.” - pro ians are In fessionals. Afghanistan, influ- are they ential people or important but people, not necessar - holds Afghani police security police training center training stan’s flag dur flag stan’s officers and 50 officers graduated after graduated local policemenlocal forces including forces - train months of ing a graduation 10 policewomen policewomen 10 - - Govern Mutual olitics, olitics, Elections, and P - on parliamenta focus need to the and acknowledges 1 Kenneth Kenneth Katzman, “Afghanistan: 1 Meeting Meeting Highlights ry ethics to help combat it. The problem came into full view when full view into came The problem it. help combat to ry ethics reported the bank after in 2010, collapsed Bank nearly the Kabul insider relationships. to million due largely $500 some of a loss As Afghanistan. in concept new a rather are ethics Parliamentary one member of the visiting delegation put it: “In - parlia Europe, influential are they Afghanistan, In professionals. are mentarians in professional necessarily but not people or important people, Thetopic of public corruption wasoffice.” revisited many times discussions had active Parliamentarians week. the throughout It was governance. of areas in different corruption concerning - corrup combating to is given that not enough attention noted Moreover, it. preventing to much less tion as a punishable crime, law enforcement institutions don’t do enough to tackle this is- police of training better the need for highlighted sue; discussions officers. - inves in place a committee have does parliament Afghan The suspects; in questioning and is successful corruption tigating avoid people to leads often fear countries, as in many however, corruption. of making counter-accusations the truth or to telling - proce the European of in some interested was The delegation Afghanistan. in be implemented that could dures donor Conference, Tokyo the Building on the momentum of to as it contributes aid, targeted on more nations should focus in the hope goals overall achieving and to corruption combating one. will be a transformational 2014 following that the decade ment Performance,” Congressional Research Service, 2012, 44-45. http:// 44-45. 2012, Service, Research Congressional ment Performance,” www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS21922.pdf ted themselves to economic aid incentives in the “Tokyo to ted economic themselves “Tokyo aid in incentives the conference— Tokyo July 2012 at the Framework” Accountability in progress demonstrates Afghanistan that provided that is, good governance and in the fightagainst corruption. Afghani- including corruption, combat to structure a coherent lacks stan nepotism, Combating Corruption Combating commit Afghanistan to donors of community The international Afghan Peace Process

The planned 2014 withdrawal of ISAF troops prompts many questions about the future of Afghanistan. At the forefront of most discussions are the peace process and what the Should the prospects are for reconciliation with the Taliban. Although constitution this is an extremely important issue for all Afghans, many believe that the outcome of the process will impact women be revised the most. Parliamentarians echoed this sentiment and ex- post-2014, pressed concerns that the peace process is not inclusive of women and lacks clarity on their status in a potential peace the rights of deal. Given recent history, some are concerned that wom- women must en stand on the brink of losing the very rights they gained in the past decade—in other words, that women’s rights be guaranteed may be sacrificed in the process of reconciliation with the and explic- Taliban. If Afghan women are a more visible part of the discussions at both the national and international level, many itly stated in parliamentarians believe, there is less of a likelihood of that a newer ver- happening.

sion. Women’s All too often peace processes focus on renegade militants rights cannot and other armed groups, for they pose the largest threats to peace. However, including those who will be directly impact- be used as a ed by any peace deal, such as the women of Afghanistan, bargaining chip will increase public support for the process. For any deal to with the Tali- be effective and long lasting, such public support is vital. ban. In line with UN Security Council resolution 1325, women are to be included at all decision-making levels in institutions dedicated to conflict resolution. Unfortunately, however, women’s participation in the highest ranks of decision making in the peace process is far from a reality in Afghanistan. A mere 9 out of 68 members of the High Peace Council are women. Although women are increasing in numbers in the provincially led Peace and Reintegration Councils,2 the numbers of female representatives on these councils is not enough to safeguard the rights of women as stipulated by Afghanistan’s constitution. Should the constitution be revised post-2014, the rights of women must be guaranteed and explicitly stated in a newer version. Women’s rights cannot be used as a bargaining chip with the Taliban. ANISTAN A FGH ST-2014

At the Tokyo Conference, donors agreed that the advancement of women’s rights beyond 2014 needs to continue, or that at least the achievements in this area are preserved as a condition for aid assistance.3 It was affirmed that the

EN AND PO OM EN peace process as currently conducted is not adequately taking Afghan women into account. Therefore, a better rep- Clockwise from top left: resentation of women in the High Peace Council based on Delegation members with Ambassador Kolinda

EWI • W • EWI merit is needed. It is of equal importance that the peace process be inclusive of civil society leaders. Grabar-Kitarovic, NATO Assistant Secretary 10 2 “United States National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and General for Public Security,” The White House, 2011, 6. http://www.whitehouse.gov/ Diplomacy; Delegation sites/default/files/email-files/US_National_Action_Plan_on_Wom- members: Mohammad Arif en_Peace_and_Security.pdf Tayeb, Sedeqa Mobarez, 3 matthias Gebauer, “Afghanistan Conference in Tokyo: Do- nors Link Billions in Aid to Progress on Reforms”, Spiegel Online, 2012, Nazifa Zaki, Naizi Saifoora, http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/donor-nations-pledge- Mohammad Akbari and billions-to-afghanistan-a-843344.html Sayeda Asifa Zafer Shadab. - EWI • WOMEN AND POST-2014 AFGHANISTAN 11 - ticularly in and physical economic security. - The parlia mentarians for asked sustained involvement - the Euro by Union pean - in safeguard ing security in the region and in assist ing Afghan- Pakistani trust-building par efforts, - - - ar P . . O arliament Delegation for P Afghanistan-Pakistan Afghanistan-Pakistan Relations Afghanistan between The relationship in international is central and Pakistan - Afghani of on the future discussions stan. Discussions conducted with the highlighted parliamentarians Afghan Afghan-Pakistani of the sensitivity it can and the high impact relations The post-2014. Afghanistan on have sustained for asked parliamentarians involvement by the European Union in the region security in safeguarding Afghan-Pakistani and in assisting in particularly efforts, trust-building security. and economic physical highlighted was management Border in the concern sensitive as the most - extrem of The rise relations. bilateral both nations, to is a threat groups ist The girls and women. to especially Malala activist 14-year-old shooting of Yousafzai demonstrated that threat Afghan the of Members clearly. too all their concern expressed delegation gov the Pakistani of about the ability militants radical eliminate ernment to a and prevent Valley the Swat from - Afghani into effect spillover possible the delegation member of One stan. reported that the schools in very have already Afghanistan west North- and they girls, who are students few risk their lives daily to fight for their thein enshrined fundamental rights constitution. Afghan the chairman of Thijs Berman, MEP European JeanMEP Relations with Afghanistan, Lambert, chair of the European liament Delegation for Relations with from representatives and Asia, South the importance all stressed the EEAS and Afghanistan between relations of up dur came also The issue Pakistan. with NAT ing a discussion Afghanistan building between Trust for a priority remains and Pakistan Afghanistan in security safeguarding need is an urgent There post-2014. neigh- these between cooperation for required are efforts and greater bors, relations. better achieve to Post-2014 Economic Security

For over a decade, Afghanistan’s economic growth has been mostly driven by services related to the presence of foreign troops and an elevated influx of international operations in the country. The 2014 troop withdraw- While eco- al will undoubtedly have an economic impact, which some believe will be severe on the strong sectors of nomic secu- the Afghan economy—transport, construction, logis- rity post-2014 tics and real estate. The winding down of international operations will equally impact employment and in- remains come generating activities across the business spec- extremely trum. While economic security post-2014 remains extremely challenging, Afghanistan does have much challenging, potential for building a strong economy. Afghanistan Afghan parliamentarians engaged in discussions on does have the importance of continued assistance beyond 2014 much potential in the areas of infrastructure development and ag- riculture. Infrastructure development will be crucial for building for Afghanistan’s transformation decade and for the a strong realization of Afghanistan’s potential as a land bridge between Central Asia and South Asia. Additionally, the economy. development of Afghanistan’s rich mining sector will depend on the continued expansion of the country’s infrastructure. Afghanistan also plays a significant role as an energy transit route, which is important for energy security throughout the region, specifically for Pakistan and India. Parliamentarians highlighted the need for institutional support on issues of legal reform in related areas, such as laws on mining and banking. They also reiterated the importance of strengthening the rule of law and fighting corruption.

In this context, women should be seen as full partners in the process of economic development and safeguarding security, which was emphasized in the debates delegation members had with civil society experts. Economic security will only increase if the profile of women entrepreneurs is raised. For example, women should be encouraged to become small busi- ANISTAN A FGH ST-2014 ness owners in urban areas where it is often easier to take advantage of opportunities like microcredit. Mili- tary investments have been significantly larger than development spending, yet security remains a grave concern and a challenge to economic growth. Given

EN AND PO OM EN continued instability, ensuring safeguarding physical security must be an integral part of economic devel- Internally opment efforts.

EWI • W • EWI displaced Afghans from Accountable, self-sustaining institutions and reli- Helmand 12 able rule of law are central to developing the Afghan province economy and to safeguarding economic security. carry Social-economic opportunities for women are directly sacks to be correlated to a respect for their basic rights. Women’s donated at a refugee rights are a yardstick for how the justice system is camp in functioning, and the limited opportunities for women Kabul. now do not bode well for the future. EWI • WOMEN AND POST-2014 AFGHANISTAN 13 NATO Engagement

The ISAF withdrawal schedule has generated widespread concern about Afghanistan’s ability to ensure its own security. The increase in “green-on- The approach- blue” incidents, attacks on ISAF troops ing drawdown by militants infiltrated into the Afghan army, is an alarming sign. Countries means that providing troops to ISAF see waning ISAF needs to public support for their contributions. At the same time, the approaching work fast to drawdown means that ISAF needs to strengthen the work fast to strengthen the Afghani- stan National Security Forces (ANSF) Afghanistan to successfully complete the security National Se- transition process. curity Forces Simultaneously with the delegation’s (ANSF) to visit to Brussels, Afghanistan’s Minister of Defense Bismillah Khan Mohamma- successfully di addressed the NATO defense minis- complete the ters on the nature of their involvement in Afghanistan post-2014. That NATO security transi- will remain involved in Afghanistan after tion process. the 2014 handover is not in question, but there are widely divergent views about how to support Afghanistan at that point. Currently, NATO is examin- ing the options for a follow-up mission that would best benefit the Afghans.4 U.S. Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta stated: “While we have yet to determine the necessary size and composition of the force that will remain in Afghanistan after 2014, NATO’s presence should be steadfast and effective.” 5

In addition to NATO’s involvement post-2014, discussions focused on how to equip Afghanistan’s security ANISTAN A FGH ST-2014 forces, which remains another conten- tious issue. In order to increase the effectiveness of the Afghan army, more personnel and equipment are needed. But just how much more personnel

EN AND PO OM EN and equipment is an open question, as is the question of what the top priorities of such an effort should be. EWI • W • EWI

4 “NATO and Afghanistan”, North Atlan- 14 tic Treaty Organization (NATO), 2012. http:// www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_8189. htm 5 “Statement by Secretary Panetta on NATO Intervention, Brussels, Belgium,” United States Department of Defense, 2012. http://www.defense.gov/releases/release. aspx?releaseid=15612 EWI • WOMEN AND POST-2014 AFGHANISTAN 15

- aiport in next to a to next transport transport plane at the international international Women are are Women marginalized in the police making force, it extremely to difficult effectively investi crimes gate against and women the enforce that rights - the constitu tion claims en- are they titled to. F German ISA transall C-160 C-160 transall soldiers stand stand soldiers Mazar-i-Sharif.

7 - - O p- o- O P acts acts F orces orces olice,” olice,” F olice, P Even P 6 issions, Missions, With With only 8 emale olice olice – F olice olice P P O report from O Allied Command “Afghan “Afghan National Security “Course “Course for Afghan “Afghan “Afghan National igures,” Figures,” NAT alalai Kakar, Malalai the Kakar, highest profile 6 7 8 (ANSF): Training and Development,” NAT http://www.nato.int/nato_ 2. 2012, ISAF, static/assets/pdf/pdf_topics/20120516_ F_en.pdf media_backgrounder_ANS and http://www.aco.nato.int/ 2012. erations, page265731236.aspx http://81.17.241.206/?q=node/131 2012. , POL, EU European Union The Role of Women in in Women of Role The Army and the Police Despite the need for more personnel, in the poorly represented are women security sector. A NAT that the number indicated 2012 May of women in the Afghan National lice while totals the Afghan 1,370, Na- 350 women, has a mere Army tional pilots. female including two women are in marginalized the police force, making it extremely difficultto against crimes investigate effectively and crimes such as moral women, against diminish violence and to rape, their enforce and generally women claims that the constitution rights entitled to. are they and po- forces in the armed Women lice are not only stigmatized because should the notion that they defy they but also the house, outside not work because just attacked sometimes are - such re Fearing occupation. their of do not tell women many percussions, work are they where their relatives ing. was force, police Afghan in the woman 2008. in September assassinated Interior of the Ministry in 2012, Early for women 5,000 recruit out to set 2014. by force the police one-fifth of that goal be currentlywill target this that unlikely real- it’s ized, reached. though the number of women recruits recruits women of though the number the growing, be to seems the army to 3 per approximately of level current behind the participation far lags cent Accounting in politics. women of level for less that 1 percent (approximately 1,290) of the Afghan National ANISTAN A FGH ST-2014 EN AND PO OM EN EWI • W • EWI

16 - EWI • WOMEN AND POST-2014 AFGHANISTAN 17 2012. in Kabul, in Kabul, internally internally displaced displaced An Afghan An Afghan December December Whatever Whatever happens dur - ing the transi tion process, it will be vital safeguard to of the rights that women enshrined are in the current constitution. girl stands as girl stands refugee camp camp refugee snow falls at a falls snow - - - G par , 2012. 2012. , Many 10 11 rospects rospects rospects rospects P P http://reliefweb. owever, many However, - http://www.crisis - http://www.crisis

http://reliefweb.int/ 12 rogress rogress and rogress rogress and P P - Tran 2014 the to Road Hard, - to Tran Road the Hard, 2014 - presiden upcoming the , ouse House of Commons – - Interna ouse House of Commons – - Interna ong, ong, ong, ong, L roup, Group, 2012, 1. L roup, 2012, 14. 14. 2012, Group, The Journal of Turkish Weekly With a constitution that is widelythat is a constitution With 9 - declara than hollow little more and are 13 “Afghanistan: The “Afghanistan: “Afghanistan: Development “Afghanistan: “Afghanistan: “Afghanistan: Development “Afghanistan: The “Afghanistan: 12 matiullah Constructive “A Noori, Critique of the IC 9 10 11 13 - Final%20with%20em int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ bargo.pdf%20afghan.pdf group.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-asia/afghanistan/236- afghanistan-the-long-hard-road-to-the-2014-transition group.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-asia/afghanistan/236- afghanistan-the-long-hard-road-to-the-2014-transition after United 2014,” Kingdom tional Development Committee, 2012, 20. after 2014,” after United 2014,” Kingdom tional 2012, Development Committee, 9. Final%20with%20embar sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ go.pdf%20afghan.pdf fear that the gains made by women and minorities, and minorities, women made by that the gains fear both in will politics be and life, sacrificed in everyday not recog far so have Taliban The in this process. ac- only which constitution, Afghan current the nized concerns. those centuates pointing optimistic, more are however, Other voices, women of participation that the increased fact the to positions along with the high-ranking life, in political progress. real indicates hold, many http://www.turkishweekly.net/op-ed/3030/a-constructive- critique-of-the-icg-report-on-afghanistan.html sition,” International Crisis sition,” Report on Afghanistan” sition,” International Crisis International sition,” - constitu Afghan the of provisions the that fear Many all the given 2014, after be safeguarded tion will not security of the transfer surrounding uncertainties ANSF the to responsibilities rights, tial election Women’s and the peace process. are situation, in the current tenuous still which are risk. at particularly The Constitution in Constitution The Afghanistan Post-2014 tions. tions. it process, happens during the transition Whatever that are women of the rights safeguard will be vital to suchWithout constitution. enshrined in the current Afghan of it will not only be the future guarantees, women that will be in it jeopardy; will also jeopardize - an economi of the development for the prospects 2014. after Afghanistan viable and politically cally of the mechanisms put in place to protect women, women, protect to place in put mechanisms the of Against Violence on Elimination of such as the law Women which (EVAW) criminalizes rape, go largely unenforced - gen towards sentiment the prevailing ticularly since seem and the army in police strategies der-inclusive pressure, international continuous of be the result to Afghanistan. within from than change rather seen as not suitable for an Afghanistan in transition, in transition, Afghanistan an as not suitable for seen it, revise to moment the is 2014 that feel many The Path Ahead

Safeguarding n their discussions, the Afghan delegation based on merit is needed. It is highlighted a number of concerns as well as equally important that the peace the principles several recommendations for both the short process be inclusive of civil society of the Afghan Iand long-term development of their country. leaders. Here is a summary of the most important policy • Given Afghanistan’s security sec- constitution recommendations: tor needs in terms of training and in relation to equipment, continued and suf- • At the Tokyo Conference, donors ficient assistance to the ANSF women’s rights agreed that the advancement of beyond 2014 is crucial to pre- will be crucial women’s rights beyond 2014 needs serving security achievements to continue, or that at least the and maintaining Afghanistan’s to the future of achievements thus far are pre- sovereignty. women in served as a condition for aid assis- • Given the intensity of the security tance after 2014.14 It was affirmed and political transitions Afghanistan Afghanistan. that the peace process as currently will experience, safeguarding the conducted is not adequately taking principles of the Afghan con- Afghan women into account. There- stitution in relation to women’s fore, better representation of rights will be crucial to the future women in the High Peace Council of women in Afghanistan.

14 matthias Gebauer, “Afghanistan Conference in Tokyo: Donors Link Billions in Aid to Progress on Re- forms”, Spiegel Online, 2012, http://www.spiegel.de/ international/world/donor-nations-pledge-billions-to- afghanistan-a-843344.html ANISTAN A FGH ST-2014 EN AND PO OM EN EWI • W • EWI

An Afghan boy works at a brick factory in Jalalabad, Nangarhar province, east of Kabul. Founded in 2008 by the EastWest Institute and several of the world’s renowned peacemakers, the Parliamentarians Network for ConflictP revention mobilizes members in parliaments across the globe to find pioneering ways to prevent and end conflicts. This year we celebrate the 5th anniversary of this non-partisan network. As it emerges from its vibrant infancy, the network continues to grow and welcomes current and former parliamentarians in regional, national or supranational parliaments. For more information on the network and its membership, please visit its website or contact the secretariat at +32.2.743.4627 or [email protected].

www.parliamentariansforconflictprevention.net

This initiative would not be possible without the generous support of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and the Kathryn Davis Fund. In addition, we would like to thank our partners in organizing this event: the European Parliament’s Office for theP romotion of Parliamentary Democracy (OPPD) and the European Union External Action Service (EEAS). We would also like to thank all members of the international institutions in Brussels who made this initiative a success. EWI Board of Directors

OFFICE OF THE OFFICERS MEMBERS CHAIRMEN John Edwin Mroz (U.S.) Martti Ahtisaari (Finland) Ross Perot, Jr. (U.S.) President, Co-Founder & CEO Former Chairman Chairman EastWest Institute EastWest Institute EastWest Institute 2008 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Chairman Mark Maletz (U.S.) Former President of Finland Hillwood Development Co. LLC Chair of the Executive Committee Board of Directors EastWest Institute Tewodros Ashenafi (Ethiopia) Dell Inc. Senior Fellow Chairman & CEO Harvard Business School Southwest Energy (HK) Ltd. Armen Sarkissian (Armenia) Vice Chairman R. William Ide III (U.S.) Jerald T. Baldridge (U.S.) EastWest Institute Counsel & Secretary Chairman President EastWest Institute Republic Energy Inc. Eurasia House International Partner Former Prime Minister of McKenna Long & Aldridge LLP Sir Peter Bonfield (U.K.) Armenia Chairman Leo Schenker (U.S.) NXP Semiconductors Treasurer EastWest Institute Matt Bross (U.S.) Senior Executive Vice President CEO Central National-Gottesman Inc. WBE Hong Kong

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Peter Castenfelt (U.K.) Chairman Archipelago Enterprises Ltd.

Maria Livanos Cattaui (Switzerland) Former Secretary-General International Chamber of Commerce

Mark Chandler (U.S.) Chairman & CEO Biophysical Angela Chen (U.S.) Wolfgang Ischinger (Germany) Tsuneo Nishida (Japan) Founder and Managing Director Chairman Ambassador; Global Alliance Associates Munich Security Conference Permanent Representative Partner Global Head of of Japan to the U.N. Epoch Fund Governmental Affairs Allianz SE Ronald P. O’Hanley (U.S.) Michael Chertoff (U.S.) President,Asset Management Co-founder & Managing Principal Anurag Jain (India) and Corporate Services Chertoff Group Chairman Fidelity Invesments Laurus Edutech Pvt. Ltd. David Cohen (U.K.) Yousef Al Otaiba (U.A.E.) Chairman James L. Jones (U.S.) Ambassador F&C REIT Property Management Former U.S. National Security Embassy of the United Arab Advisor Emirates in Washington Joel Cowan (U.S.) Professor Haifa Al Kaylani (U.K.) Admiral (ret) William A. Owens Georgia Institute of Technology Founder & Chairperson (U.S.) Arab International Women’s Forum Chairman Addison Fischer (U.S.) AEA Holdings Asia Chairman & Co-Founder Zuhal Kurt (Turkey) Former Vice Chairman Planet Heritage Foundation CEO U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff Kurt Enterprises Adel Ghazzawi (U.A.E.) Sarah Perot (U.S.) Founder Kevin McGovern (U.S.) Director & Co-Chair for CONEKTAS Chairman Development The Water Initiative Dallas Center for Performing Arts Stephen B. Heintz (U.S.) Co-Founder President SOBE Beverages Louise Richardson (U.S.) Rockefeller Brothers Fund Principal General (ret) T. Michael University of St. Andrews Emil Hubinak (Slovak Republic) Moseley (U.S.) Chairman & CEO Moseley and Associates, LLC John Rogers (U.S.) Logomotion Former Chief of Staff Managing Director United States Air Force Goldman Sachs & Co. John Hurley (U.S.) Managing Partner F. Francis Najafi (U.S.) Cavalry Asset Management CEO Pivotal Group CO-FOUNDER DIRECTORS EMERITI

George F. Russell, Jr. (U.S.) Ira D. Wallach* (U.S.) Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (Poland) Former Chairman Former Chairman CEO EastWest Institute Central National-Gottesman Inc. Bank Polska Kasa Opieki S.A. Chairman Emeritus Co-Founder Former Prime Minister of Poland Russell Investment Group EastWest Institute Founder Emil Constantinescu (Romania) Russell 20-20 President CHAIRMEN EMERITI Institute for Regional Cooperation Ramzi H. Sanbar (U.K.) and Conflict Prevention (INCOR) Chairman Berthold Beitz (Germany) Former President of Romania SDC Group Inc. President Alfried Krupp von Bohlen William D. Dearstyne (U.S.) Ikram ul-Majeed Sehgal und Halbach-Stiftung Former Company Group Chairman (Pakistan) Johnson & Johnson Chairman Ivan T. Berend (Hungary) Security & Management Professor John W. Kluge* (U.S.) Services Ltd. University of California, Los Angeles Former Chairman of the Board Metromedia International Group Kanwal Sibal (India) Francis Finlay (U.K.) Former Foreign Secretary of India Former Chairman Maria-Pia Kothbauer Clay Finlay LLC (Liechtenstein) Henry J. Smith (U.S.) Ambassador CEO Hans-Dietrich Genscher Embassy of Liechtenstein to Bud Smith Organization Inc. (Germany) Austria, OSCE and the UN in Vienna Former Vice Chancellor & Minister Pierre Vimont (France) of Foreign Affairs William E. Murray* (U.S.) Executive Secretary General Former Chairman European External Action Service Donald M. Kendall (U.S.) The Samuel Freeman Trust Former Ambassador Former Chairman & CEO Embassy of the Republic of France PepsiCo. Inc. John J. Roberts (U.S.) in Washington, D.C. Senior Advisor Whitney MacMillan (U.S.) American International Group (AIG) Alexander Voloshin (Russia) Former Chairman & CEO Chairman of the Board Cargill Inc. Daniel Rose (U.S.) OJSC Uralkali Chairman Rose Associates Inc. Zhou Wenzhong (China) Secretary-General Mitchell I. Sonkin (U.S.) Boao Forum for Asia Managing Director MBIA Insurance Corporation

NON-BOARD COMMITTEE Thorvald Stoltenberg (Norway) MEMBERS President Norwegian Red Cross Laurent Roux (U.S.) Founder Liener Temerlin (U.S.) Gallatin Wealth Mangement, LLC Chairman Temerlin Consulting Hilton Smith, Jr. (U.S.) President & CEO John C. Whitehead (U.S.) East Bay Co., LTD Former Co-Chairman Goldman Sachs Former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State

* Deceased

Founded in 1980, the EastWest Institute is a global, action-oriented think-and-do tank. EWI tackles the toughest international problems by:

Convening for discreet conversations representatives of institutions and nations that do not normally cooperate. EWI serves as a trusted global hub for back-channel “Track 2” diplomacy, and also organizes public forums to address peace and security issues.

Reframing issues to look for win-win solutions. Based on our special relations with Russia, China, the United States, Europe and other powers, EWI brings together disparate viewpoints to promote collaboration for positive change.

Mobilizing networks of key individuals from both the public and private sectors. EWI leverages its access to intellectual entrepreneurs and business and policy leaders around the world to defuse current conflicts and prevent future flare-ups.

The EastWest Institute is a non-partisan, 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization with offices in New York, Brussels, Moscow and Washington. Our fiercely guarded independence is ensured by the diversity of our international board of directors and our supporters.

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