Reshaping Economic Security

worldwide security conferencE reshaping economic security

he EastWest Institute’s 9th Annual Worldwide Security Conference, “Reshaping TEconomic Security in Southwest Asia and the Middle East” brought together high-ranking participants from 55 countries at the World Customs Organization in Brussels on November 12-13, 2012. EWI Chairman Emeritus Francis Finlay, a key supporter of the event, >> In this issue: introduced Finland’s former President and Nobel Laureate Martti Ahtisaari, Convening for who delivered the opening keynote address. Ahtisaari appealed for the Cybersecurity Solutions creation of new regional organizations Continuing Dialogue between in the Middle East and Southwest Asia to curb conflicts. “The catastrophe Chinese and U.S. Leaders of Syria demonstrates this need,” he Cyber DEtente between declared. “The nations of Southwest the U.S. and China Asia need to work to build a security organization that bridges major EWI Leader: Bob campbell divides.” > [PAGE 2] EWI Alumnus: Vasil Hudak

Nobel Laureate, former President of Finland and EWI Board Member Martti Ahtisaari Find out more about the New Delhi summit at: www.cybersummit2012.com Highlights 93% Developments THINK THAT THE CYBERSECURITY RISK IS HIGHER Latest News from EWI’s Initiatives THAN ONE YEAR AGO

Worldwide Security Conference

> [CONTINUE D ] Ahtisaari, who is also a member of EWI’s board of directors, addressed approximately 300 high-level policy makers, business executives and public opinion leaders, citing the critical urgency of their work. While Ahtisaari encouraged participants to make specific recommendations on cross- border infrastructure, the water-energy-food President’s Message nexus, youth unemployment and social marginalization, he emphasized the need for effective peacemaking. he EastWest Institute in its fourth decade continues to serve as a global change agent network working both on resolving seemingly intractable issues The former Finnish president conceded the and on strengthening the most critical relationships that underlie peace and difficulties of forming a regional organization. Tgrowth. This means building trust where little or none exists and seeking “We know that the issue of Palestine and oth- collaborative solutions to specific problems. The past quarter is a superb example of er big issues, such as Iran’s nuclear program, how we work to get that done. have prevented even the idea of such an organization,” he said. ”But history shows–as In the field of cybersecurity, trust and solutions are in short supply. EWI’s 3rd World- the UN Charter foreshadowed–that regional wide Cybersecurity Summit in New Delhi addressed both problems with private and organizations are a powerful tool in success- public sector leaders from dozens of counties. They worked together on practical ful conflict resolution and peace building.” issues that matter—from the release of our Priority International Communications For now, Ahtisaari added, “the moral impera- report, which presents for the first time a practical plan for connectivity during times tive” of the Syrian conflict demands more of crisis, to practical steps for protecting the undersea cables that form the spine of urgent measures. “Perhaps one can recom- the global digital economy; from improved methods of battling rising crime against mend a holding action: find a way to get global financial institutions to critical issues on payload security and the cloud. humanitarian access, and to stop the fighting unconditionally, but premised on a commit- Similarly, EWI’s work on bringing economic security to Southwest Asia took a big ment to new and fair elections, organized step forward at our 9th Worldwide Security Conference in Brussels where key leaders for example by the UN and supported by a from the Middle East and SW Asia joined together to help map out practical ways of substantive UN peacekeeping operation.” But creating economic connectivity and growth for the region. That agenda is being ag- he conceded that the immediate chances for gressively followed up by our Regional Security Program. any such solution look slight.

Getting relations right between the United States and China is a key piece of our The conference was held against the back- Strategic Trust-building work. Enormously important interactions between the Com- drop of the looming 2014 deadline for the munist Party of China and leaders from the two U.S. parties took place in December. withdrawal of NATO troops from Afghanistan An EWI delegation of retired senior military officers visited China for high-level talks as well as the continuing turmoil in the Middle with their counterparts, including a groundbreaking first meeting with the new lead- East. Topics for the sessions included: Eco- ers of the Central Military Commission that oversees China’s armed forces. nomic Security and Regional Cooperation; New Directions for Water-Energy-Food Secu- We are proud of the practical and focused work of the institute. We appreciate your rity Policies; Afghanistan and its Neighbors; participation and support. There is much to do in this new year. and the role of private sector investment in the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa.

For complete story, please see WSC9 insert.

John Edwin Mroz

2 EWI Highlights | WINTER 2013 www.ewi.info OF SUMMIT PARTICIPANTS DOUBT THAT THEIR COUNTRY CAN 55% DEFEND ITSELF AGAINST SOPHISTICATED CYBER ATTACKS

Learn More The report on the New Delhi summit, Building Trust in 50% Cyberspace, contains results of an informal poll of participants, where 93 percent expressed the view that the cyber- THINK THAT CORPORATE security risk is higher than one year ago. It also includes a BOARDS GROSSLY timeline of EWI’s steps toward a more secure cyberspace UNDERESTIMATE THE and a preview of EWI’s 4th Worldwide Cybersecurity Trust- building Summit in Silicon Valley in 2013. It can be found CYBERSECURITY PROBLEM online at www.ewi.info/newdelhi2012.

Convening for Cybersecurity Solutions More than 300 participants from 22 countries heard from cyber experts from across the globe at EWI’s 3rd Worldwide Cybersecurity Summit, which was held in New Delhi on October 30-31, 2012. Both the private and public sectors were well represented in high-level panel discussions and breakthrough groups.

his multifaceted, EastWest Institute. EWI board member, pointed also helped frame key issues international sum- out how complicated many on the agenda. mit in India, a country At the summit, top authorities of these issues have become. Twhich has emerged from industry and government “You cannot have privacy The summit, which was widely as a key center of private agreed that the rapid pace without security,” he said, while covered by both Indian and in- and public cyber innovation, of technological change has acknowledging the legitimate ternational news media, aimed underscores the importance of triggered a corresponding leap fears that some governments to produce concrete recom- trust-building among Eastern in exposure to vulnerabilities will attempt to control Internet mendations for industry and and Western nations as well that can be exploited by cyber content. government that, if implement- as between governments and criminals. ed, will have significant impact private firms. High-ranking Indian officials— in making cyberspace and the This has also raised fears among them, Deputy National real world more stable and “We are all in the room today about government intrusion Security Advisor Latha Reddy secure. The process is set to because we recognize that that could threaten privacy and and Secretary R. Chandrashek- continue at the 4th Worldwide India is an essential partner individual freedoms. Michael har of the Department of Cybersecurity Trustbuilding on cybersecurity,” noted Ross Chertoff, former U.S. Secretary Telecommunications—not only Summit, to be held in Silicon Perot, Jr., chairman of the of Homeland Security and participated in the summit but Valley in November 2013.

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Continuing Dialogue between Chinese and U.S. Leaders The EastWest Institute’s work in building trust between the United States and China continues to make significant progress, addressing major concerns in the potentially volatile relationship between these two great powers.

he institute con- leaders from Decem- the U.S. presidential elec- tinues to facilitate ber 5-12. The meetings, tion and China’s recent ongoing dialogues conducted on an off-the- leadership transition. Tbetween former record basis, took place and current high-level in Utah, Colorado, and “This round of the members of both govern- Washington, D.C.; they dialogue allowed political ments, including political made up the 5th U.S.– elites from both countries party leaders, military China High-Level Political to obtain valuable insights officials and academics. Party Leaders Dialogue into mutual expectations organized by EWI. Pre- of U.S.-China relations Most recently, EWI coordi- vious rounds of this following the important nated a series of meet- dialogue have alternated political developments in ings between high-level between China and the their respective countries officials from the Chinese United States. this year,” said David Fires- Communist Party (CPC) tein, EWI’s vice president and senior Democrats and This was the first install- for Strategic Trust-build- Republicans as well as ment of this dialogue ing and Track 2 diplomacy. American private sector series to take place after

4 EWI Highlights | WINTER 2013 www.ewi.info Read the report at: http://www.ewi.info/india-pakistan-energy-security EWIpublications ewinstitute

India and Pakistan’s Energy Security In a new EWI report, Danila Bochkarev argues that power shortages in the region can be addressed by transforming Afghanistan into a trade and transit hub.

Progress in Repair of Undersea Communication Cables in India

Since the beginning of its Worldwide Cybersecurity Initiative, the EastWest Institute has advocated for major efforts to improve the reliability and security of international communications cables based on the 12 recommendations made in a joint IEEE-EWI report on the Reliability of Global Undersea Com- munications Cable Infrastructure (ROGUCCI) .

Recent articles in the Indian media have brought this critical issue to light. Reporting on a note from India’s Department of Telecommunications, The Hindu Business Line writes that “whenever, there is a cable cut, besides the huge revenue loss, it results in a loss of 50-60 per cent of the connectivity.” U.S. and of strengthening U.S.- and intentions. But ac- China military-to-military cording to Cyber Detente India, the site of EWI’s 3rd Worldwide Cybersecurity Chinese relations, and of building Between the United Summit, has long provided substandard repairs to Retired Mili- strategic trust between States and China: Shap- these critical undersea cables, often taking weeks the two countries and ing the Agenda, these or months when best-in-class performances have tary Officers their militaries. two countries have com- repaired damaged cables in days. The same article mon cyber concerns that noted that “the repair time taken for the undersea Meet Issues discussed could bring them to the cable in Indian waters is comparatively higher than included U.S. defense table to lay the ground- in other countries due to the large number of clear- On December 20, 2012, policy under a second work for diplomatic ances and permissions required.” the EastWest Institute Obama administration; exchanges and solutions, facilitated the latest dia- the South and East China avoiding an escalation “News of this progress in India is very encouraging,” logue in the U.S.-China Seas; Taiwan; cyberse- of aggressive strategies said Karl Rauscher, EWI’s chief technology officer Sanya Initiative, hosted curity; and prospects for from either country. and author of the ROGUCCI Report. “Reducing the by the China Association a regional mechanism duration of service-impacting events affecting inter- for International Friendly focused on addressing The authors point out national connectivity is [a top priority] for improving Contact (CAIFC) in Bei- the myriad security chal- that through Track 2 pro- the stability of the Internet at a global level.” jing. The purpose of this lenges in Northeast Asia. cesses some very useful discussion series is to preparatory work has al- bring together U.S. and ready taken place. How- Chinese retired military ever, they argue that the officers. Notably, this New Report diplomacy—both official was the first delegation on Cyber and unofficial—needs to from the United States be more intense, cover to meet with China’s Detente more concrete problems Central Military Com- between the and involve a larger num- mission (CMC) leaders ber of people on both since their selection in U.S. and China sides, especially from the November. military and private sec- It’s no secret that the tor. The paper calls for Over the course of the United States and China a fresh appraisal of the Learn More meetings, the Chinese have a contentious rela- impact of both countries’ Read the report at and U.S. officials reaf- tionship when it comes military cyber policies. firmed the importance http://www.ewi.info/cyber-detente- to their cyber capabilities between-united-states-and-china www.ewi.info www.ewi.info EWI Highlights | WINTER 2013 5 Learn more about EWI leaders at: http://www.ewi.info/our-people/ewi-leaders Highlights Change Agents

People from EWI’s Past and Present EWI Leader: Bob Campbell Chair of the Advisory Council of the Lyndon Johnson School of Public Policy at the University of Texas at Austin

ob Campbell ers. That discussion, Chinese Communist finds that and some subse- Party during their EWI’s work quent agreements visit to Utah, Colo- Boffers “the that were developed, rado and Washing- opportunity to have were the foundation ton, D.C. as part of lengthy, detailed, for EWI’s future work EWI’s 5th U.S.-China substantive discus- in cybersecurity.” High-Level Political sions outside the Party Leaders Dia- glare of the media A veteran of Deloitte logue held this past and outside the pres- LLP, Campbell has December. sure of special inter- applied his extensive ests.” He says that experience in public Discussing the the “off-the-record, sector services to the cybersecurity pro- quiet, collabora- institute’s program- gram, Campbell says tive discussions go matic activities. A he is “pleased and quite a ways towards director for less than impressed with the building an underly- a year, Campbell leadership role EWI ing level of mutual has been involved in has played in build- trust.” some of the insti- ing multinational tute’s most high- collaboration on a Campbell first impact initiatives, number of issues became associated especially high-level that represent real, with the institute dialogues between tangible threats five years ago, at an U.S. and Chinese offi- that—without EWI’s event in China. “[For- cials and EWI’s global role—could be a sig- mer U.S. Secretary of cybersecurity work. nificant concern to Homeland Security] many countries and Tom Ridge and I were He took active roles corporations.” in Beijing together in the three World- on a good-will tour,” wide Cybersecurity The institute greatly he explains. “John Summits in Dallas looks forward to Mroz had invited us (2010), London working with Camp- to sit in on an early (2011) and New bell on these and stage discussion on Delhi (2012). And other projects in the cybersecurity with he accompanied a future. some Chinese lead- delegation from the

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David Firestein discusses U.S.-China relationship

Writing for the Straits Times, and a continued U.S. focus on a bilateral relationship that they, “Many Chinese analysts see David Firestein, EastWest the Asia-Pacific region is, accord- too, generally regard as the most cause for wariness in the evident Change Agents Institute’s vice president for ing to Firestein, a “good news, important in the world today.” upgrading of America’s military Strategic Trust-Building and bad news” scenario for Chinese presence in the Asia-Pacific Track 2 Diplomacy, discussed the analysts. On the one hand, he The downside, notes Firestein, region,” he writes. Instead, “they implications of Barack Obama’s notes, “Chinese leaders probably is that such attention is not per- see a pattern of moves seem- re-election for U.S.-China rela- welcome the renewed attention ceived as entirely benign. ingly designed to check, or even People from EWI’s Past and Present tions. The president’s re-election on the Asia-Pacific region and on ‘contain’ China.”

EWI Alumnus: Vasil Hudak Andrew Nagorski State Secretary, Slovak Ministry of Finance. reviews The Devil in History in Foreign Affairs

Writing for the January/Febru- ary 2013 issue of Foreign Affairs, EWI Vice President and Director of Public Policy Andrew Nagorski reviewed The Devil in History: Communism, Fascism, and Some Lessons of the Twentieth Century. The book, written by Vladimir Tismaneanu, a political scientist at the University of Maryland, College Park, outlines some of the key similarities and How did you first become involved with What other experiences did you have differences between the 20th EWI? during your time at the institute? century’s two most destructive ideologies. In 1990, the year after the Velvet revolution In 1993 I relocated to Georgia, where I in Czechoslovakia, I joined the Ministry of established the EWI European Center in In his review, Nagorski notes that Foreign Affairs in Prague. John Mroz came Atlanta. Later, I became director of the despite surface-level differences, to Prague in May or June for a series of EWI’s Program on Regional Development both communism and fascism meetings. I still remember arguing with and Transfrontier Cooperation. In 1996 I are ultimately unified in their John because he was afraid that Czecho- returned to Prague where I became director need of the state to “ruthlessly slovakia would break up into two countries, of the EWI Prague Center. Starting in 2000, eliminate its ideological oppo- the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which as I was director of the Brussels Center of the nents, along with anyone deemed you know did happen in three years. At that institute for four years. I left EWI in 2006, sympathetic to them in either point, I thought it was impossible. As usual, when I joined Citibank. thought or deed.” This “infinite John was right. By the end of 1990, I joined elasticity,” writes Nagorski, leads EWI as an assistant to Stephen Heintz, How does your past work at EWI relate to state-sanctioned mass murder the first director of the European Center in to your current government position? under both systems. Prague. At EWI, I gained an understanding of the The book finds high praise. Tell us about the projects you worked on critical parts of global society, how they are Tismaneanu “reinvigorates im- at EWI’s Prague Center. interlinked and how they act. At the Slovak portant debates about not only Ministry of Finance, I’m in charge of all past ideologies but also present I was engaged in organizing many events international aspects, including top-level ones.” Nagorski notes that even covering international security, democracy activities with European and global finance the work’s denser passages building and the creation of political parties officials. My work at EWI was the best pos- “are infused with the passion in the post-Communist countries. A major sible “school” for such a job! of someone who has lived and breakthrough came with the Carpathian breathed his subject.” Euroregion project, which I designed and managed starting in 1992.

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January 31 Washington, DC February 22 New York, NY civil society and academia. The This meeting will address the Prospects of the East Africa Ways to Integrate Efforts in purpose is to seek new ideas for question of infrastructure Energy Market Furthering Water Dialogue effective and mutually beneficial development in Afghanistan as a and Cooperation solutions to water resource stimulant for increased trade re- The EastWest Institute and Gal- challenges that underlie peace, lations and enhanced economic lup are hosting a panel discus- With a view to shape and security and stability. cooperation in the region, bridg- sion to discuss the implications develop follow-up measures ing South Asia and Central Asia. of East Africa’s emergence as a on the implementation of the February 25-27 Abu Dhabi Participants will include senior leading oil and gas producer, the UN’s Year of Water Cooperation, Abu Dhabi Process on officials of relevant countries result of fresh discoveries that 2013, the EWI will complement Economic Security: (Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, have brought new hope to the the official process by engaging The Potential for Afghanistan Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turk- region. with experts and key stakehold- to Act as an Economic Land menistan), leading private sector ers in government, international Bridge in Asia individuals, experts and MPs. organizations, the private sector,

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