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The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 91 The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Herausgegeben von Holger Afflerbach An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Martin Jehne, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und zwei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Hol- ger Afflerbach (Leeds/UK) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Paul Nolte (Berlin), Dr. Martina Steber (London/UK) und Juniorprofessor Simon Wendt (Frankfurt am Main) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2012/2013. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Holger Afflerbach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Der Sinn des Krieges. Politische Ziele und militärische Instrumente der kriegführenden Parteien von 1914–1918“ vom 21. -
Towards Decolonial Futures: New Media, Digital Infrastructures, and Imagined Geographies of Palestine
Towards Decolonial Futures: New Media, Digital Infrastructures, and Imagined Geographies of Palestine by Meryem Kamil A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (American Culture) in The University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Evelyn Alsultany, Co-Chair Professor Lisa Nakamura, Co-Chair Assistant Professor Anna Watkins Fisher Professor Nadine Naber, University of Illinois, Chicago Meryem Kamil [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2355-2839 © Meryem Kamil 2019 Acknowledgements This dissertation could not have been completed without the support and guidance of many, particularly my family and Kajol. The staff at the American Culture Department at the University of Michigan have also worked tirelessly to make sure I was funded, healthy, and happy, particularly Mary Freiman, Judith Gray, Marlene Moore, and Tammy Zill. My committee members Evelyn Alsultany, Anna Watkins Fisher, Nadine Naber, and Lisa Nakamura have provided the gentle but firm push to complete this project and succeed in academia while demonstrating a commitment to justice outside of the ivory tower. Various additional faculty have also provided kind words and care, including Charlotte Karem Albrecht, Irina Aristarkhova, Steph Berrey, William Calvo-Quiros, Amy Sara Carroll, Maria Cotera, Matthew Countryman, Manan Desai, Colin Gunckel, Silvia Lindtner, Richard Meisler, Victor Mendoza, Dahlia Petrus, and Matthew Stiffler. My cohort of Dominic Garzonio, Joseph Gaudet, Peggy Lee, Michael -
Network Aesthetics
Network Aesthetics: American Fictions in the Culture of Interconnection by Patrick Jagoda Department of English Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Priscilla Wald, Supervisor ___________________________ Katherine Hayles ___________________________ Timothy W. Lenoir ___________________________ Frederick C. Moten Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English in the Graduate School of Duke University 2010 ABSTRACT Network Aesthetics: American Fictions in the Culture of Interconnection by Patrick Jagoda Department of English Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Priscilla Wald, Supervisor __________________________ Katherine Hayles ___________________________ Timothy W. Lenoir ___________________________ Frederick C. Moten An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English in the Graduate School of Duke University 2010 Copyright by Patrick Jagoda 2010 Abstract Following World War II, the network emerged as both a major material structure and one of the most ubiquitous metaphors of the globalizing world. Over subsequent decades, scientists and social scientists increasingly applied the language of interconnection to such diverse collective forms as computer webs, terrorist networks, economic systems, and disease ecologies. The prehistory of network discourse can be -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
Aggressor Order of Battle
.il* VJ DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL AGGRESSOR ORDER OF BATTLE i or*' DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY ■ JUNE 1955 < FOREWORD The country, peoples, forces, or individuals described herein are fictitious. Any resemblance to existing countries, forces, or indi-., viduals is inadvertent and coincidental. *FM 30-103 FIELD MANUAL DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 30-103 WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 23 June 1955 AGGRESSOR ORDER OF BATTLE Paragraphs Page PART ONE. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE 1,2 3 2. GENERAL — 3-6 5 PART TWO. IDENTIFIED GROUND ORGANIZATIONS CHAPTER 3. MAJOR GROUND UNITS Section I. Army Groups - 7-11 12 II. Armies 12-28 14 III. Corps 29-69 20 IV. Rifle Divisions 70-129 35 V. Mountain Divisions 130-134 69 VI. Airborne Divisions 135-141 72 VII. Mechanized Divisions 142-163 78 VIII. Tank Divisions 164-171 90 IX. Cavalry Divisions 172-176 95 X. Artillery Divisions 177-192 98 XI. Antiaircraft Divisions 193-206 108 CHAPTER 4. GROUND UNITS, DIVISIONAL Section I. Rifle Units 207-214 114 II. Airborne Units 215-230 117 III. Armored and Cavalry Units 231-240 120 IV. Field Artillery Units 241-257 123 V. Antiaircraft and Antitank Units 258-269 126 VI. Mortar and Rocket Units 270-281 129 VII. Engineer Units 282-287 131 VIII. Signal Units 288-292 133 IX. Service Units 293-804 134 CHAPTER 5. GROUND UNITS, NONDIVISIONAL (GHQ) Section I. Rifle Units 305-312 136 II. Armored and Cavalry Units 313-317 187 III. Field Artillery Units 318-330 138 IV. Antiaircraft and Antitank Units 331-337 141 V. -
1 Battle Weariness and the 2Nd New Zealand Division During the Italian Campaign, 1943-45
‘As a matter of fact I’ve just about had enough’;1 Battle weariness and the 2nd New Zealand Division during the Italian Campaign, 1943-45. A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at Massey University New Zealand. Ian Clive Appleton 2015 1 Unknown private, 24 Battalion, 2nd New Zealand Division. Censorship summaries, DA 508/2 - DA 508/3, (ANZ), Censorship Report No 6/45, 4 Feb to 10 Feb 45, part 2, p.1. Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Abstract By the time that the 2nd New Zealand Division reached Italy in late 1943, many of the soldiers within it had been overseas since early 1941. Most had fought across North Africa during 1942/43 – some had even seen combat earlier, in Greece and Crete in 1941. The strain of combat was beginning to show, a fact recognised by the division’s commanding officer, Lieutenant-General Bernard Freyberg. Freyberg used the term ‘battle weary’ to describe both the division and the men within it on a number of occasions throughout 1944, suggesting at one stage the New Zealanders be withdrawn from operations completely. This study examines key factors that drove battle weariness within the division: issues around manpower, the operational difficulties faced by the division in Italy, the skill and tenacity of their German opponent, and the realities of modern combat. -
Neville Chamberlain
Neville Chamberlain Arthur Neville Chamberlain was born in Birmingham, England, on March 18, 1869. Neville Chamberlain was Prime Minister of Great Britain in September 1939 at the start of World War II. In May 1940, after the disastrous Norwegian campaign, Chamberlain resigned and Winston Churchill became prime minister. Why did Chamberlain resign as prime minister? Members of the House of Commons saw him as an uninspiring war leader. He was blamed for loss of Norway to the Germans. Chamberlin realised that a National Government of all political parties was mandatory. In May 1940 members of the Labour Party and Liberal Party refused to serve in his proposed National Government. Chamberlain resigned realisng that a National Government would not be possible as long as he was leader. He was replaced by Winston Churchill. His business acumen raised him in the eyes of his father, who told a friend that of his two sons, "Neville is really the clever one" and but for his disinterest in politics, "I would back him to be Prime Minister". Chamberlain's business interests did not completely fill his time, and he indulged his love of natural history and other pursuits. He spent many Sundays working in the gardens and greenhouses at Highbury. He enjoyed long walks in the countryside, and developed a passion for hunting and fishing. Early days (May 1937 – March 1938) Chamberlain sought to conciliate Germany, and make it a partner in a stable Europe.[133] He believed Germany could be satisfied by the restoration of some of her colonies and during the Rhineland crisis of March 1936, had stated that "if we were in sight of an all-round settlement the British Government ought to consider the question [of restoration of colonies]".[134] The following month, however, he wrote his sisters, "I don't believe myself that we could purchase peace and a lasting settlement by handing over Tanganyika to the Germans, but if I did I would not hesitate for a moment to do so." 1 Chamberlain (center, hat and umbrella in hands) leaves for home after the Berchtesgaden meeting, 16 September 1938. -
Nehru and the New Commonwealth Eighth Lecture - by Sir Harold Wilson 2 November 1978
Nehru and the New Commonwealth Eighth Lecture - by Sir Harold Wilson 2 November 1978 In accepting the honour of being invited to give the annual Nehru Memorial Lecture I do not have the advantage of most of those who have gone before me. Unlike Lord Butler and Krishna Menon, I was not born in India. Unlike some who have delivered the lecture, I did not know Nehru in the long years of struggle towards Independence. I did come to know him quite well through his visits to Commonwealth Conferences when I was a member of Clement Attlee's Cabinet. I remember those conferences to which you referred, 1948 and 1949, following which the Constituent Assembly in New Delhi ratified the declaration of the Prime Minister announcing India's adherence to the Commonwealth of Nations. In those days the Commonwealth Conference did not meet in the spacious surroundings of Marlborough House or Lancaster House, but round the cabinet table in Downing Street, with plenty of room not only for Prime Ministers but Foreign Ministers and officials as well. I remember the one I attended when first Nehru was there. There were nine nations represented there, including Southern Rhodesia which, while not technically and juridically independent, had a great measure of autonomy except in foreign affairs. Impressions of Nehru and Krishna Menon The Commonwealth Conferences I chaired as Prime Minister in the 1960s rose in number from 21 attenders to 36. The last one I attended in Jamaica in 1975 was attended by 33 countries, Nehru being absent, and since then two new hitherto dependent territories qualified for membership of the Commonwealth. -
Churchills of Newfoundland, Draft May 17, 2018
Churchills of Newfoundland, Draft May 17, 2018 The latest version of this draft can be found at: https://www.facebook.com/groups/NewfoundlandChurchills/ This is a family history of the Churchill families of Newfoundland and their descendants. While every effort has been made to ensure geneology facts contained in this book are accurate, theories are put forth that cannot be conclusively proven by the evidence available today. This document is provided to: Share facts and theories about the ancestry and descendants of the Churchills famliies of Newfoundland, Remember our ancestors, Encourage contributions to this document to improve its accuracy and completeness, and Encourage contributions to the Y-DNA project to help discover connections between the families and their ancestors. www.familytreedna.com/public/Churchill/ This document is not complete and undoubtly readers will find errors and omissions. Corrections, additional information, and constructive critism are greatly appreciatled. Stephen Churchill, Editor [email protected] CHURCHILLS OF NEWFOUNDLAND A Family History of the Churchills of the Island and their Descendants Researched and Written by Gerald Churchill Edited by Stephen Churchill CHURCHILLS OF NEWFOUNDLAND A Family History of the Churchills of the Island and their Descendants CHURCHILLS OF NEWFOUNDLAND A Family History of the Churchills of the Island and their Descendants DRAFT May 17, 2018 Researched and Written by Gerald Churchill Edited by Stephen Churchill Published online at https://www.facebook.com/groups/NewfoundlandChurchills/ -
The British Partner in the Transfer of Power Ninth Lecture - by the Earl of Listowel 24 June 1980
The British Partner in the Transfer of Power Ninth Lecture - by the Earl of Listowel 24 June 1980 The story of the transfer of power has been told before, but always from the angle of the narrators. I shall follow their example by confining my remarks this evening, apart from a brief sketch of the historical background, to that aspect of the British-Indian relationship I know from my personal experience as a minister in the (wartime) Churchill and Attlee governments. This gave me some insight into the part played by the British Government in its dealings with the Government of India and the Indian political leaders during the final stages. But before I proceed any further I am sure you would wish me to remind you that we are meeting on the eve of what would have been Lord Mountbatten's eightieth birthday. His presence would have been specially appropriate because we shall be recalling what, in the light of history, must surely have been the most outstanding of all his achievements. For it was his consummate statesmanship which made possible the severance of our old ties with India by mutual goodwill, instead of after bitter dissension, which would have left a legacy of rancour and a fractured Commonwealth. He accomplished his task with so much skill and understanding that it bound our two countries in the close friendship we enjoy at the present time. This was brought home to me with startling vividness by the welcome accorded to a parliamentary delegation with which I visited India last year, traversing the country from New Delhi to Chandigarh, and from there to Madras and Bombay. -
Fighting Racism: Black Soldiers and Workers in Britain During the Second World War
Immigrants & Minorities ISSN: 0261-9288 (Print) 1744-0521 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fimm20 Fighting Racism: Black Soldiers and Workers in Britain during the Second World War Gavin Schaffer To cite this article: Gavin Schaffer (2010) Fighting Racism: Black Soldiers and Workers in Britain during the Second World War, Immigrants & Minorities, 28:2-3, 246-265, DOI: 10.1080/02619288.2010.484250 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2010.484250 Published online: 28 May 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 591 View related articles Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fimm20 Download by: [St Francis Xavier University] Date: 07 September 2016, At: 11:44 Immigrants & Minorities Vol. 28, Nos. 2/3, July/November 2010, pp. 246–265 Fighting Racism: Black Soldiers and Workers in Britain during the Second World War Gavin Schaffer* School of Social, Historical and Literary Studies, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK The Second World War led to a substantial increase in the number of black people living and working in Britain. Existing black British communities were bolstered in this period by the arrival of war volunteer workers from the Empire, who came to serve Britain in a variety of military and civilian roles, as well as by the arrival of 130,000 black GIs in the US army’s invasion force. This article considers the reception that these communities received from the British government and the British general public, questioning the extent to which racial ideas of white difference and superiority continued to shape white British reactions to black workers and soldiers. -
The London Gazette of TUESDAY, 6Th JUNE, 1950
jRtttnb, 38937 2879 SUPPLEMENT TO The London Gazette OF TUESDAY, 6th JUNE, 1950 Registered as a newspaper MONDAY, 12 JUNE, 1950 The War Office, June, 1950. THE ALLIED ARMIES IN ITALY FROM SRD SEPTEMBER, 1943, TO DECEMBER; 1944. PREFACE BY THE WAR OFFICE. PART I. This Despatch was written by Field-Marshal PRELIMINARY PLANNING AND THE Lord Alexander in his capacity as former ASSAULT. Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies in Italy. It therefore concentrates primarily upon Strategic Basis of the Campaign. the development of the land campaign and the The invasion of Italy followed closely in time conduct of the land battles. The wider aspects on the conquest of Sicily and may be therefore of the Italian Campaign are dealt with in treated, both historically and strategically, as reports by the Supreme Allied Commander a sequel to it; but when regarded from the (Field-Marshal Lord Wilson) which have point of view of the Grand Strategy of the already been published. It was during this- war there is a great cleavage between the two period that the very close integration of the operations. The conquest of Sicily marks the Naval, Military and Air Forces of the Allied closing stage of that period of strategy which Nations, which had been built up during the began with the invasion of North Africa in North African Campaigns, was firmly con- November, 1942, or which might, on a longer solidated, so that the Italian Campaign was view, be considered as beginning when the first British armoured cars crossed the frontier wire essentially a combined operation.