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13 Anos Do Brasil Na MINUSTAH: Lições Aprendidas E Novas Perspectivas

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13 Anos Do Brasil Na MINUSTAH: Lições Aprendidas E Novas Perspectivas 13 anos do Brasil na MINUSTAH: lições aprendidas e novas perspectivas Centro de Instrução Almirante Sylvio de Camargo Escola de Operações de Paz de Caráter Naval 13 anos do Brasil na MINUSTAH: lições aprendidas e novas perspectivas 13 anos do Brasil na MINUSTAH: lições aprendidas e novas perspectivas Centro de Instrução Almirante Sylvio de Camargo Escola de Operações de Paz de Caráter Naval Rio de Janeiro / 2019 13 anos do Brasil na MINUSTAH: lições aprendidas e novas perspectivas Expediente Revista: 13 anos do Brasil na MINUSTAH: lições aprendidas e novas perspectivas Produção: Centro de Instrução Almirante Sylvio de Camargo (CIASC) Contra-Almirante (FN) Carlos Chagas Vianna Braga e Organizadores: Capitão de Fragata (FN) Adler Cardoso Ferreira Projeto Gráfico: Agência 2A Comunicação Degravação de áudios: DEGRADIGI Almirante de Esquadra (FN) Alexandre José Barreto de Mattos, Almirante de Esquadra Eduardo Bacellar Leal Ferreira, Capitão de Fragata (FN) Adler Cardoso Ferreira, Contra-Almirante (FN) Carlos Chagas Vianna Braga, Senhor Jean-Pierre Lacroix, Professor Doutor José Murilo de Carvalho, Doutora Eduarda Passarelli Hamann, Professora Doutora Norma Breda dos Santos, Capitão de Mar e Guerra (FN) Danilo P. Montenegro, Embaixador José Viegas Filho, Almirante de Esquadra Ilques Barbosa Júnior, General de Exército Augusto Heleno Ribeiro Pereira, Contra-Almirante (FN) Carlos Chagas Vianna Braga, Professor Doutor Conor Foley, General de Divisão André Luiz Novaes Miranda, Professora Doutora Maíra Síman Gomes, Pesquisadora Victória Santos, Embaixador Igor Kipman, Embaixatriz Autores: Roseana Aben-Athar Kipman, Professor Doutor Ricardo Oliveira dos Santos, Vice-Almirante (FN) Paulo Martino Zuccaro, General de Divisão Luiz Guilherme Paul Cruz, Capitão de Fragata (FN) Henrique Amaral de Britto, Capitão de Mar e Guerra Juarez Cardoso Filho, Vice-Almirante (FN) Cesar Lopes Loureiro, Coronel Aviador João Lúcio Veiga de Assis, General de Divisão (Exército do Uruguai) Carlos Humberto Loitey, Contra-Almirante (FN) Renato Rangel Ferreira, Coronel de Cavalaria Carlos Augusto Ramires Teixeira, Professor Doutor Vinícius Mariano de Carvalho, General de Divisão Ajax Porto Pinheiro, Almirante de Esquadra Luiz Henrique Caroli, Senhor Maurizio Giuliano, Senhor Gael Fostier de Moraes, Contra-Almirante (FN) Rogério Ramos Lage, Jornalista Merval Pereira, Professor Hussein Ali Kalout. Ano: 2018 T818 13 anos do Brasil na MINUSTAH: lições aprendidas e novas perspectivas / [Organizado por] Contra-Almirante (FN) Carlos Chagas Vianna Braga, Capitão de Fragata (FN) Adler Cardoso Ferreira. – Rio de Janeiro: Centro de Instrução Almirante Sylvio de Camargo, 2019. 300 p. ; 22,5 cm ISBN 978-65-80852-01-7 1. Haiti – Missão de Paz. 2. MINUSTAH. 3. Centro de Instrução Almirante Sylvio de Camargo. I. Braga, Carlos Chagas Vianna. II. Ferreira, Adler Cardoso. III. Título. CDD 355.357 Apresentação Almirante de Esquadra (FN) Almirante de Esquadra Alexandre José Barreto de Mattos Eduardo Bacellar Leal Ferreira Comandante-Geral do Corpo de Comandante da Marinha Fuzileiros Navais O “Seminário Internacional 13 anos do Brasil na MINUSTAH: Lições aprendidas e novas perspectivas”, ocorrido em novembro de 2017, na Escola de Operações de Paz de Caráter Naval, teve como propósito analisar a participação brasileira na Missão das Nações Unidas para a Estabilização do Haiti, identificar as principais lições aprendidas e apresentar as perspectivas para as Operações de Paz do Brasil. Organizado por iniciativa da Marinha do Brasil, por meio do CFN e com apoio do Ministério da Defesa, em parceria com a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), a Academia Brasileira de Letras (ABL) e a Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), o seminário, que reuniu especialistas civis e militares, brasileiros e estrangeiros, diplomatas e acadêmicos, promoveu um importantíssimo debate sobre os principais aspectos da MINUSTAH, que representa um marco na história da participação brasileira em Operações de Paz, assim como o maior emprego de força militar pelo Brasil desde o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial. O indiscutível sucesso da atuação brasileira, envolvendo mais de 37 mil militares de nossas Forças Armadas, por si só, já repre- senta um grande feito, sendo motivo de orgulho para todos nós. Para a Marinha do Brasil, o assunto tem importância capital. A participação de membros do Almirantado como coordenadores e palestrantes nos diversos painéis do seminário refletiu, de for- ma inequívoca, o comprometimento da Força com as Operações de Paz, cuja primeira atuação brasileira remonta à década de 40, quando o então Capitão-Tenente John Munro atuou como Obser- vador nos Bálcãs. 13 anos do Brasil na MINUSTAH: lições aprendidas e novas perspectivas Antes mesmo do mandato da MINUSTAH, os Fuzileiros Navais estavam presentes para proteção da Embaixada Brasileira e evacuação de não combatentes. Com o início da missão, os militares passaram a atuar segundo suas características de força estratégica de pronto emprego e de caráter expedicionário, compondo os Grupamentos Operativos dos 26 contingentes brasileiros, atuando com profissionalismo em todo o espectro das operações militares. Em 2004, a utilização dos navios da Marinha do Brasil, em um esforço conjunto com a Força Aérea Brasileira, permitiu o deslocamento, em curtíssimo espaço de tempo, de todo o contingente brasileiro para aquele país, incluindo pessoal, material e equipamentos. Isso demonstrou a capacidade de mobilização e projeção de poder do Brasil. Hoje, mesmo após o término da MINUSTAH, a Marinha do Brasil exerce importante protagonismo no cenário internacional, com um Almirante brasileiro no comando da Força-Tarefa Marítima da UNIFIL, a bordo do navio Capitânia, sendo o único país não integrante da OTAN a comandar uma força-tarefa no mar. Assim, o presente livro, utilizando-se de artigos, transcrições e outros textos, produzidos, preponderantemente, com base nas apresentações realizadas no “Seminário Internacional 13 anos do Brasil na MINUSTAH: Lições aprendidas e novas perspectivas”, tem como propósito consolidar alguns dos principais aspectos desse período histórico das Operações de Paz brasileiras, permitindo perpetuar as experiências e os ensinamentos obtidos, além de abrir o horizonte para perspectivas futuras em possíveis novas operações. Por fim, parabenizamos a Escola de Operações de Paz de Caráter Naval pela forma como organizou e conduziu o Seminário, sendo a ela creditado todo o sucesso alcançado. MINUSTAH ( 2004-2017 ) Editorial Capitão de Fragata (FN) Contra-Almirante (FN) Adler Cardoso Ferreira Carlos Chagas Vianna Braga Encarregado da Escola de Comandante do Centro de Instrução Operações de Paz de Caráter Naval Almirante Sylvio de Camargo A Missão das Nações Unidas para a Estabilização do Haiti (MINUSTAH), que, após mais de 13 anos de duração, encerrou- se em outubro de 2017, representou, por diversas razões, o mais importante marco na história da participação brasileira nas Operações de Paz da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Dentre outros aspectos, destacam-se o sucesso obtido pela Força de Paz na estabilização daquele país, o grande efetivo de militares brasileiros que participaram da operação, atingindo marca superior a 37.000, o fato do Brasil ter mantido a liderança do contingente militar durante toda a longa duração da missão, a realização de operações conjuntas e multinacionais, a forte interação entre atores civis e militares, o grande engajamento regional (em 2014, mais de 79% tropas eram oriundas de países da latino-americanos), e o mandato, amparado no Capítulo VII, que demandou ações em todo o espectro das operações militares, incluindo o uso da força. Assim sendo, a presente obra, concebida sobretudo com base nas apresentações realizadas durante o Seminário Internacional “13 anos do Brasil na MINUSTAH: Lições aprendidas e novas perspectivas”, procura apresentar e debater importantes reflexões sobre período tão importante da nossa história recente. Nos dias 28 e 29 de novembro de 2017, o Seminário, promovido pela Marinha do Brasil, em parceria com a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), a Academia Brasileira de Letras (ABL) e a Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RIO), reuniu, no Centro de Instrução Almirante Sylvio de Camargo, civis e militares, acadêmicos e diplomatas, que tiveram participação ativa durante o processo ou que se dedicaram ao estudo das operações de paz. Assim, este livro, organizado no âmbito da Escola de Operações de Paz de Caráter Naval (EsOpPazNav) busca retratar e perenizar 13 anos do Brasil na MINUSTAH: lições aprendidas e novas perspectivas as experiências de um momento tão intenso, de modo a permitir extrair importantes lições aprendidas e identificar perspectivas para a atuação futura do Brasil em operações da mesma natureza. Para tanto, este livro, apresentado pelo Almirante de Esquadra Eduardo Bacellar Leal Ferreira, Comandante da Marinha, e pelo Almirante de Esquadra (FN) Alexandre José Barreto de Mattos, Comandante-Geral do Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais, possui prefácio de autoria Jean Pierre Lacroix, Subsecretário Geral da Organização das Nações Unidas para Operações de Paz e Chefe do Departamento de Operações de Paz da ONU (DPKO), está estruturada em sete partes em sequência lógica. Na primeira parte, são abordados aspectos e experiências sobre o Brasil e as Operações de Paz antes da MINUSTAH. Na segunda parte, autores que viveram os momentos iniciais da MINUSTAH, nos diferentes níveis, apresentam os primeiros desafios enfrentados pela missão. A seguir,
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