The Mystical Interpretation of Divine Love Al- Mahabbah from the Perspective of Al-Sulami’S
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THE MYSTICAL INTERPRETATION OF DIVINE LOVE AL- MAHABBAH FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF AL-SULAMI’S ῌAQᾹIQ AL-TAFSῙR An Undergraduate Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Ushuluddin In Partial Fullfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Strata One Rifa Tsamrotul Sya’adah 11150340000019 MAJOR OF QURANIC SCIENCES AND ITS INTERPRETATION USHULUDDIN FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2019 ABSTRACT Rifa Tsamrotul Sya’adah. The Mystical Interpretation of Divine Love from The Perspective of al-Sulami’s Haqāiq al-Tafsīr Major of Qur‟anic Sciences And Its Interpretation, Ushuluddin Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah , Jakarta, 2019. This study discusses the Quranic analysis of the word Maḥabbaḥ in al- Quran. This needs to be studied and requires some research because it has a general meaning, so it is worth analyzing. They know and understand Maḥabbaḥ in a limited way and for human needs only. Using a descriptive analytic method and Abū „Abd al-Rahmān al- Sulami's perspective on his own book, Haqāiq al-Tafsīr, this thesis answers how al-Sulami interprets the meaning of the Maḥabbaḥ in the Quran. Here, I apply the following step of analysis, determine basic and relational meaning, explain the development of the meaning of the Maḥabbaḥ through Sufism studies, and also discuss the state of the Maḥabbaḥ which he explained on his book " Majmū’at Ᾱtsar Abu ‘Abd al- Rahmān al-Sulamī.” This thesis finds that the Quran expresses the Maḥabbaḥ globally both to God and to humans. Some indications of the Quran suggest that the Maḥabbaḥ can arise because it begins with compassion and seeks to reach that love. This shows that Islam is concerned about the importance of love by providing several levels that must be achieved in order to be able to achieve it. Another point, this thesis focus on the verses of Mahabbah from Surah Thāhā(20):39 which explain about the story of prophet Musa AS whom getting the specially Maḥabbaḥ. Thus, Surah iv Ᾱli-„Imrān (3):31 explained about a way being a God‟s lover and creating Maḥabbaḥ greatly. The last point, this thesis finds that al-Sulami interprate of the Mahabbah in his Haqāiq al-Tafsīr and gives several levels that must be taken by someone to reach Maḥabbaḥ to Allah SWT. Keywords: Maḥabbaḥ, State, al-Sulamī, Haqāiq al-Tafsīr. v ACKNOWLEDGMENT In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful Alhamdulillahirabbil’ālamīn, all the praises and gratitude to Allah SWT. The Lord of The Lord, The Lord of the universe, who always gives me health, knowledge, strength, and patient in finishing my study, without His mercy and blessing this study would not be completed. Pleace and salutation be upon the prophet, Muhammad SAW, his family, his companions and his adherents who had brought us to a much better world. I would deeply thank to my beloved parents; Bapak Didin Rasyidin and Mamah Elis Mardyatu Sa‟adah for never stop praying and supporting me in both mentally and materially. Also, the biggest love in the world is of course delivered to my one and only brother Rafa Raihan Rasyidin who always look out of me and provide me with unfailing support. Also for my beloved sister, Dr.Siti Ulfa who always take care of me and never stop to say “when the thesis will finish?”. Absolutely, thank you. Thus, this accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Thank you. Throughout the writing of this study, I have received tremendous support and assistance, especially to my respectable advisor Moh.Anwar Syarifuddin,MA whose expertise was invaluable in the formulating of the research topic and methodology in particular. I would like to thank for the time and the guideline during this research of paper. vi I also would like to express my gratitude to several people who always give me a support and contribution during finishing of this research: 1. Yusuf Rahman,Ph.D. as the Dean of Ushuluddin Faculty. 2. Dr.Eva Nugraha,MA. as the Head of Ushuluddin Faculty. 3. Fakhrizal,Lc,MIRKH. as the Secretary of Ushuluddin Faculty 4. All lecturers in Ushuluddin Faculty who always provided me, taught me with the tools I needed to choose the right direction and to complete my study successfully. 5. All the librarian of Ushuluddin Faculty of State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 6. Zaky Mumtaz Ali, as my humble supporter, he supported and thaught me greatly especially in doing this research and were always willing to help. Thanks for the time and fun that we have had in almost 4th months. 7. Azeem Shamshuddin, Zainal Abidin, Nabila Bulqois, Sundari Aryanti,and Siti Nafisah, who always gave great support in deliberating over our problems and findings, accompany me whatever and whenever during the research. 8. Himayah as-Sa‟diyyah, who always completed me for the sleepless nights we were talking together before deadlines and as well as providing happy distraction to rest my mind outside my research. 9. Fellow MAZAYA as my entire of life safer and all my fellows in Darussunah International Institute For Hadith Sciences. vii 10. Bilingual Class as my beloved classmates. They always gave me happiness in everything. Thanks for all fun, laughs, and jokes that we have had in 4th years. 11. Other beloved friends that cannot be mentioned one by one in this paper. This thesis would not be completed without all of them. Finally, I hope this research can be useful for the people who analyze it. Suggestions and critics are always come and welcome to improve this thesis. Alhamdulillāh Ciputat, Desember 2nd 2019 Rifa Tsamrotul Sya‟adah viii ARAB-LATIN TRANSLITERATION GUIDELINES Joint Decree of the Minister of Religion and Minister of Education and Culture Number: 158 of 1987 - Number: 0543 b / u / 1987 ḍ ض Arabic Latin ṭ ط Not symbolized ا ẓ ظ B ب „ ع T ت G غ ṡ ث F ف J ج Q ق ḥ ح K ك Kh خ L ل D د M م Ż ذ N ن R ر W و Z ز H ه S س ix ' ء Sy ش Y ي ṣ ص Long Vowels Short Vowels Arabic Latin Arabic Latin Ā A ﹷ ا Ī اِي I Ū ﹻ اُو U ﹹ Arabic Sign Latin Sign Aw ﹷ و Ay ﹷ ي x TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PAGE .................................................................... TITLE PAGE ....................................................................... STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .................................... i LEGALIZATION ................................................................ ii APPROVAL BY EXAMINER ........................................... iii ABSTRACT ........................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..................................................... vi ARAB-LATIN TRANSLITERATION GUIDELINES ...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................... xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................... 1 A. Background of Study ............................................................ 1 B. Identification, Formulation, and Limitation of Problem .... 10 C. Objective and Benefit of Study .......................................... 11 D. Literature Reviews ............................................................. 12 E. The Methodology .............................................................. 22 CHAPTER II A BRIEF BIOGHRAPY OF AL-SULAMῙ AND HIS MYSTICAL INTERPRETATION ............................................. 24 A. Getting Know al-Sulami‟s Background and His Works ....... 24 B. His Famous Tafsir:Haqāiq al-Tafsīr ..................................... 30 C. Scholarly Criticism on Haqāiq al-Tafsīr ............................... 32 xi D. The Interpretation of al-Sulami: Haqāiq al-Tafsīr ................ 38 E. Analyzing the History of Haqāiq al-Tafsīr Controversion .... 41 F. His Works .............................................................................. 45 CHAPTER III THE SYNONIMOUS OF VERSES AL-QURᾹN THROUGH MAῌABBAῌ ................................................................................. 50 A. Analyzing the Term of Maḥabbaḥ .................................... 50 B. The Expression of Yearning God (Syawq) ......................... 59 C. The Expression of Divine Love (Maḥabbaḥ) ..................... 64 D. The Development of Mystical Notion ............................... 74 1. Love of Sufi Literature in the Early Periode .................. 74 2. Love of Sufi Literature in the Middle Periode ............... 84 CHAPTER IV SULAMI’S INTERPRETATION OF THE DIVINE LOVE IN HIS HAQᾹIQ AL-TAFSῙR ..................................................... 95 A. Analyzing the Divine Love in Haqāiq al-Tafsīr ................... 95 1. The Verse Maḥabbaḥ QS.‟Ᾱli-„Imrān (3):31 ..................... 96 2. The Verse Maḥabbaḥ QS.Thāhā(20):39 ............................ 99 B. The Comparative Analyses of Mahabbah Among Sufis ..... 103 C. The Levels of Intimate Relation on al-Sulami ..................... 111 1. Maḥabbaḥ -‘Isyq .................................................................. 112 2. Syawq (Yearning) ................................................................. 113 CHAPTER V CLOSING ........................................................... 115 A. Conclusion ........................................................................ 115 B. Suggestion ........................................................................ 116 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................... 117 xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of Study Discussion on love instigates multi-interpretative discussions as the word “love” leads to various meanings. Such might have led to an understanding of the envisioning intimate relation that differs from that of the early