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Namespaces Views Article Read Bektashi OrderTalk Edit From Wikipedia, the freeVariants encyclopedia View history Main page More TheContents (Turkish: Bektaşi Tarikatı), or the of Bektashism (Turkish: Bektaşilik), is a order (tariqat) named after the 13th century Persian[1][2][3][4] Order of Bektashi AleviFeatured content () , but founded by Balim .[5] The order is mainly found throughout and the , and was particularly strong in , Search BulgariaCurrent events, and among Ottoman-era Greek from the regions of , and Greek . However, the Bektashi order does not seem to have attracted quite as BektaşiSearch Tarikatı manyRandom adherents article from among Bosnian Muslims, who tended to favor more mainstream Sunni orders such as the Naqshbandiyya and . InDonate addition to Wikipedia to the spiritual teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, the Bektashi order was later significantly influenced during its formative period by the Hurufis (in the early 15th century),Wikipedia storethe stream of , and to varying degrees the Shia beliefs circulating in Anatolia during the 14th to 16th centuries. The mystical practices and of theInteraction Bektashi order were systematized and structured by Balım Sultan in the 16th century after which many of the order's distinct practices and beliefs took shape. A largeHelp number of academics consider Bektashism to have fused a number of Shia and Sufi concepts, although the order contains rituals and that are distinct unto itself.About Throughout Wikipedia its history Bektashis have always had wide appeal and influence among both the Ottoman intellectual elite as well as the peasantry. CommunityFurther : portal Haji Bektash Veli and Balım Sultan Recent changes Contact page Contents [hide] 1 Beliefs Tools 2 History What links here 2.1 Arabati Teḱe controversy Abbreviation Bektashi 3 PoetryRelated changesand literature 4 HumourUpload file Formation 1501 5 HistoricalSpecial pages evolutionary development of Bektashi throughout Anatolia and the Balkans Type Dervish Order 6 GalleryPermanent link Headquarters 7 SeePage alsoinformation 8 NotesWikidata item Dedebaba Edmond Brahimaj 9 References Cite this page 10 External links Key people Haji Bektash Veli – Patron Saint Print/export Balim Sultan - Founder Create a book Website http://www.bektashiorder.com BeliefsDownload as[edit PDF] Printable version [hide] Main articles: Mystical, , Wahdat-ul-Wujood, , , , Marifa, Haqq-- and The Twelve Part of The Bektashi Order is a Sufi order and shares much in common with other Islamic mystical movements, such as the need for an experienced a series on Islam العربية Azərbaycanca spiritual guide—called a baba in Bektashi parlance — as well as the of "the four gates that must be traversed": the "Sharia" (religious Български law), "Tariqah" (the spiritual path), "Marifa" (true ), "Haqiqah" (). Sufism and Tariqat the "Unity of " that was formulated by . This ,وحدة الوجود Bosanski Bektashism places much emphasis on the concept of Wahdat-ul-Wujood Català has often been labeled as , although it is a concept closer to . Bektashism is also heavily permeated with Shiite concepts, Čeština such as the marked reverence of Ali, , and the commemoration of Ashurah marking the Battle of . The Dansk holiday of is celebrated by Bektashis as Ali's birthday. Bektashi khanka on the Kuz- Deutsch In keeping with the central of Wahdat-ul-Wujood the Bektashi see contained in Haqq-Muhammad-Ali, a single unified entity. Bektashi Baba Hill in Vlorë, Albania Ελληνικά do not consider this a form of . There are many other practices and ceremonies that share similarity with other , such as a ritual meal -Bektashis base their practices and rituals on their non .(مغفرة الذنوب Español (muhabbet) and yearly confession of to a baba (magfirat-i zunub orthodox and mystical interpretation and understanding of the and the prophetic practice (). They have no written doctrine specific to فارسی them, thus rules and rituals may differ depending on under whose influence one has been taught. Bektashis generally revere Sufi mystics outside of Français their own order, such as Ibn Arabi, Al-Ghazali and Jelalludin who are close in spirit to them. Ideas [show] Hrvatski [They hold the latter to be superior and Practices [show .(باطن and an inner ( (ظاهر Italiano Bektashis hold that the Quran has two levels of meaning: an outer ( eternal and this is reflected in their understanding of both the and humanity (This view can also be found in Ismailism—see ). [Sufi orders [hide עברית Қазақша Bektashism is also initiatic and members must traverse various levels or ranks as they along the spiritual path to the Reality. First level Akbarī · Alevī · · Ashrafia · Azeemia · They are those who, while not having taken into the order, are nevertheless drawn to it. Following .عاشق Ladino members are called aşıks Ba 'Alawī · Bayramī · Bektashī · Burhāniyya · After some time as a mühip, one can take further vows and become a dervish. The next level .محب Lietuvių initiation (called nasip) one becomes a mühip · Chishtī · Galibī · Gulshanī · Ḥurūfī .(إرشاد above dervish is that of baba. The baba (lit. father) is considered to be the head of a tekke and qualified to give spiritual guidance (irshad Magyar Haqqani Anjuman · Idrīsī · Jelvetī · Jerrahī · Македонски Above the baba is the rank of halife-baba (or , grandfather). Traditionally there were twelve of these, the most senior being the dedebaba (great-grandfather). The dedebaba was considered to be the highest ranking authority in the Bektashi Order. Traditionally the residence of the Khalidī · Khalwatī · Kubrāwī · Madarī · Nederlands dedebaba was the Evi (The Saint's Home) which was located in the of Bektash Wali in the central Anatolian town of Hacıbektaş (aka Malāmatī · Mawlāwī · Mourīdī · Noorbakshia · 日本語 Solucakarahüyük). Naqshbandī · Uwaisī · Nasuhī · Norsk bokmål Ni'matullāhī · Nuqtawī · Qadirī · Qalāndārī · Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча History [edit] Rifa'ī · Safāvī · Shadhilī · Shattārī · Suhrawardī Polski · Sunbulī · Tijanī · Ussakī · Uwaisī · Zahedī · Português Română Main articles: , Arabati Baba Teḱe, Demir Baba Teke, Alians, Baba Rexheb, Ali Pasha and Naim Frashëri Notable early Sufis [show] Русский The Bektashi order was widespread in the , their lodges being scattered throughout Anatolia as well as many parts of particularly Notable modern Sufis [show] Shqip the southern Balkans (especially Albania, , Epirus, and both Vardar Macedonia and Greek Macedonia) and also in the imperial city of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bektashi_Order[12.7.2015. 9:44:31] Bektashi Order - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Slovenčina . The order had close ties with the corps, the elite infantry corp of the Ottoman Army, and therefore also became mainly Topics in Sufism [show] Srpskohrvatski / associated with Anatolian and Balkan Muslims of Christian Orthodox convert origin, mainly and northern (although most leading српскохрватски Bektashi babas were of southern Albanian origin).[6] With the abolition of , the Bektashi order was banned throughout Ottoman Empire Portal TheSvenska founder of the Baktāshī by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826. This decision was supported by the Sunni religious elite as well as the leaders of other, more orthodox, Sufi orders. v · t · e · sufiTürkçe order Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli Bektashi tekkes were closed and their dervishes were exiled. Bektashis slowly regained freedom with the coming of the era. After the (ḤājjīУкраїнська Baktāsh Walī), a foundation of , Mustafa Kemal Atatürk banned all Sufi orders and shut down the lodges in 1925. Consequently, the Bektashi leadership moved to Albania and established their headquarters in the city of Tirana. Among the most famous followers of Bektashi Sufism in the 19th century of 中Malāmatī文 -Qalāndārī ad-Dīn EditHaydar links, who Balkans were Ali Pasha and Naim Frashëri. introduced the Ahmad Yasavi's Despite the negative effect of this ban on Bektashi culture, most Bektashis in have been generally supportive of to this , since doctrine of " and these reforms have relatively relaxed the that had historically been shown against them by the official Sunni establishment. Forty Stending" into his In the Balkans the Bektashi order had a considerable impact on the Islamization of many areas, primarily Albania and Bulgaria, as well as parts of tariqah. Macedonia, particularly among Ottoman-era from western Greek Macedonia such as the Vallahades. By the 18th century Bektashism began to gain a considerable hold over the population of southern Albania and northwestern (Epirus and western Greek Macedonia). Following the ban on Sufi orders in the Republic of Turkey, the Bektashi community's headquarters was moved from Hacıbektaş in central Anatolia to Tirana, Albania. In Albania the Bektashi community declared its separation from the Sunni community and they were perceived ever after as a distinct Islamic rather than a branch of . Bektashism continued to flourish until the Second World War. After the communists took power in 1945, several babas and dervishes were executed and a gradual constriction of Bektashi influence began. Ultimately, in 1967 all tekkes were shut down when banned all religious practice. When this ban was rescinded in 1990 the World Headquarters of the Bektashi Bektashism reestablished itself, although there were few left with any real knowledge of the spiritual path. Nevertheless many "tekkes" (lodges) operate today in Albania. The most Community in Tirana, Albania recent head of the order in Albania was Hajji Reshat Bardhi Dedebaba (1935–2011) and the main tekke has been reopened in Tirana. In June 2011 Baba Edmond Brahimaj was chosen as the head of the Bektashi order by a council of Albanian babas. Today sympathy for the order is generally widespread in Albania where approximately 20% of Muslims identify themselves as having some connection to Bektashism. [hide]

There are also important Bektashi communities among the Albanian communities of Macedonia and , the most important being the Harabati Baba Tekke in the city of , which was until recently under the guidance of Emini (1941–2006). Following the death of Baba Tahir Part of a series on Nizari-Ismāʿīli Emini, the dedelik of Tirana appointed Baba Edmond Brahimaj (Baba Mondi), formerly head of the Turan Tekke of Korçë, to oversee the Harabati Batiniyya, Hurufiyya, Kaysanites and baba tekke. A splinter branch of the order has recently sprung up in the town of Kičevo which has ties to the Turkish Bektashi community under Shī‘ism Haydar Ercan Dede rather than Tirana. A smaller Bektashi tekke, the Dikmen Baba Tekkesi, is in operation in the Turkish-speaking town of Kanatlarci, Macedonia that also has stronger ties with Turkey's Bektashis. In Kosovo the relatively small Bektashi community has a tekke in the town of Đakovica Alevism (Gjakovë) and is under the leadership of Baba Mumin Lama and it recognizes the leadership of Tirana. In Bulgaria, the türbes of Kıdlemi Baba, Ak Yazılı Baba, Demir Baba and Otman Baba function as heterodox Islamic pilgrimage sites and before 1842 were the centers of Bektashi tekkes.[7] Bektashis continue to be active in Turkey and their semi-clandestine organizations can be found in , and Izmir. There are currently two rival claimants to the dedebaba in Turkey: Mustafa Eke and Haydar Ercan. A large functioning Bektashi tekke was also established in the United States in 1954 by Baba Rexheb. This tekke is found in the Detroit suburb of Taylor and the (türbe) of Baba Rexheb continues to draw pilgrims of all faiths.

Arabati Baba Teḱe controversy [edit] A vast majority of Janissary were followers of the Bektashi In 2002 a group of armed members of the Islamic Community of Macedonia (ICM), the legally recognized organization which claims to represent all Muslims in the Republic of Macedonia, invaded the Arabati Baba Teḱe in an attempt to reclaim the tekke as a , although the facility has never Sufi order. functioned as such. Subsequently the Bektashi community of the Republic of Macedonia has sued the Macedonian government for failing to restore the tekke to the Bektashi community, pursuant to a law passed in the early 1990s returning properties previously nationalized under the Yugoslav government. The law, however, deals with restitution to private citizens, rather than religious communities.[8] The ICM claim to the tekke is based upon their contention to represent all Muslims in the Republic of Macedonia; and indeed, they are one of two Muslim organizations recognized by the government, both Sunni. The Bektashi community filed for recognition as a separate religious community with the Macedonian government in 1993, but the Macedonian government has refused to recognize them.[8]

Poetry and literature [edit] Beliefs [show]

Poetry plays an important role in the transmission of Bektashi . Several important Ottoman-era poets were Bektashis, and , the most acclaimed poet of the Practices [show] Turkish , is generally recognized as a subscriber to the Bektashi order. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bektashi_Order[12.7.2015. 9:44:31] Bektashi Order - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Twelve Imams [show] A poem from Bektashi poet Balım Sultan (died 922 AH/1516 CE): Leadership [show]

İstivayı özler gözüm, (My eye seeks out repose,) Crucial figures and influences [show] Seb'al-mesânîdir yüzüm, (my face is the 'oft repeated seven (i.e. the Sura Al-Fatiha),) Ene'l-Hakk'ı söyler sözüm, (My words proclaim "I am the Truth",) [show] Miracımız dardır bizim, (Our ascension is (by means of) the scaffold,) Related Muslim tariqah [hide] Haber aldık muhkemattan, (We have become aware through the "firm letters",) Geçmeyiz zâttan sıfattan, (We not abandon or attributes,) · Qalandariyya · Qadiriyya · Balım nihan söyler Hakk'tan, (Balım speaks arcanely of ) Akbari Sufis · Rifa'i · · Naqshbandi · · Zahediyeh · Safaviyya · İrşâdımız sırdır bizim. (Our teaching is a mystery.[9]) · Bayramiye · · Babai Revolt · · Nuqtavi · people · Bektashi Order · Bektashism and folk · Jelali revolts · Humour [edit] Ni'matullāhī · Arabati Baba Teḱe · · Galibi Order · The telling of jokes and humorous tales is an important part of Bektashi culture and teaching. Frequently these poke fun at conventional religious views by counterpoising the Bektashi dervish as an iconoclastic figure. For example: Other influential groups [show] A Bektashi was praying in the mosque. While those around him were praying "May God grant me faith," he muttered "May God grant me plenty of ." The imam heard Islam portal him and asked angrily why instead of asking for faith like everyone else, he was asking God for something sinful. The Bektashi replied, "Well, everyone asks for what they don't have." v · t · e ·

[hide] A Bektashi was a passenger in a rowing boat travelling from Eminönü to Üsküdar in Istanbul. When a storm blew up, the boatman tried to reassure him by saying "Fear not—God is great!" the Betktashi replied, "Yes, God is great, but the boat is small." Part of a series on An imam was preaching about the evils of alcohol and asked "If you put a pail of water and a pail of rakı in front of a donkey, which one will he drink from?" A Bektashi in the congregation immediately answered. "The water!" "Indeed," said the imam, "and why is that?" "Because he's an ass."[10]

Historical evolutionary development of Bektashi faith throughout Anatolia and the Balkans [edit]

Main articles: Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi, Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar, Bektaşi, Hajji Bektash, Kaygusuz , Balım Sultan, Nesîmî, Pir Sultan, Hurufiyya and Tariqat

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Beliefs and practices [show]

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History [show]

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Qālandar’īyyah Wafā’īyyah Qāddāh’īyyah Ismā‘īl’īyyah Ithnā‘āshar’īyyah Zu al-Nūn Ibn Adham Ash-Shādhilī Abu al-Najib Durzis · · Zaīdī · Extinct Shia ·

Ahl al-Kisa [show]

Ishaq’īyyah[12] Nezār’īyyah Ismā‘īl’i`Shi'a Zaid’īyyah Saba’īyyah Bastāmī Shādhilī’yyah Suhraward’īyyah Authentic figures [show]

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Bābā’īyyah[12] Sābbāh’īyyah Mustā‘līyyah Da‘ī al-kabīr Kharaqānī Abu Hafs Umar v · t · e ·

Yassaw’īyyah The Twelve State Nāsir Khusraw [13] Kaysān’īyyah Sahl al-Tūstārī Arslan Baba Yusūf Hamadānī Tariqa Alevism Imams

Anatolian Dā’ī Kabīr al- Mansur Al- Ahmed-i Abd’ūl`Khaliq Abd’ūl`Qadir Alāvids Sāfav’īyyah Tariqa Būʿmūslim’īyyah

Alevism Nāṣir li’l-Haqq Hallaj Yassawi Gajadwani Gilani

Haydār’īyyah Ishaq al- Fażlu l-Lāh Nāqshband’īyyah Qādir’īyyah Sheikh’ūl` Sāfavids Shāh Ismāʿīl Shaykh Haydar Twelver`Shi'a

Tariqa Turk’īyyah Astar`Ābādī Tariqa Tariqa Ibn ʿArabī

[14] Sāfav’īyyah- Zāhed’īyyah Akbar’īyyah Bābak’īyyah Khurrām’īyyah Mukannaʿīyyah Sunbādh’īyyah Hurūf’īyyah

Kızılbaş Tariqa Tariqa Sūfīsm

Hājjı Bektsh [15] Kul Nesîmî Pir Sultan Gül Baba Balım Sultan Nāsīmī Khālwat’īyyah Wāhdat’ūl`Wūjood

Kaygusuz Baktāsh’īyyah Baktāshi folk Bāyrām’īyyah https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bektashi_Order[12.7.2015. 9:44:31] Bektashi Order - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Yunus Emre Abdal Mūsā [16] Hacı Bayram-ı Veli Abdal Tariqa religion Tariqa

Gallery [edit]

Arabati Baba Tekke, Tomb of Gül Baba Bektashi Tekke Kutuklu Baba Tekke in Tetovo in Greece.

See also [edit]

Jem (Alevism) [hide] Qizilbash-Alevi Ashurkhana Part of a series on Shia Islam Cem Evi Jamatkhana Imambargah Khalwatkhana Khanaqa Muhammad · · Mejlis The Twelve Imams Musallah Ali · Hasan · Husayn · al-Sajjad · Hussainia al-Baqir · al-Sadiq · al-Kadhim · Tekkes ar-Ridha · al-Taqi · al-Naqi · al-Askari Zawiyya · al- · Malamatiyya Mawlawiyyah Principles Hurufiyya · Judgement Day · Rifa'iyya · Prophethood · · Qadiriyya Other beliefs Galibi Order Qalandariyya Bektashiyyah Imamate of the Family · · Naqshbandiyyah Mourning of · · Zahediyya The · · Usul · Khalwatiyya · · 'Aql · · Mahdaviat · Bayramiyya Safaviyya-Kızılbaş Practices Nusayriyya · · Pilgrimage · · Taxes · · Notes [edit] Commanding what is just 1. ^ Frances Trix, The Sufi journey of Baba Rexheb, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009. (p.1) Kanaat Publications, Istanbul, 1940. (Turkish) Love the family of Muhammad 2. ^ Brian Glyn Williams: Mystics, Nomads and Heretics: A History of the Diffusion of Muslim 12. ^ a b Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar XII yüzyılda Anadolu'da Babâîler İsyânı - Babai Revolt in Anatolia in Dissociate from their enemies from to the Thirteenth-Century Turco-Byzantine Dobruca - the Twelfth Century, pages 83-89, Istanbul, 1980. (Turkish) Holy cities International journal of Turkish studies, 2001 - University of Wisconsin (p. 7) 13. ^ " of the Foundation of the Presidency of Religious Affairs," Volume 4, 3. ^ Tirana pages 373-374, Istanbul, 1991. · · · Karbala · 4. ^ The Harvard Theological Review, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 2, No. 3, Jul., 1909, (p. 14. ^ Balcıoğlu, Tahir Harimî, Türk Tarihinde Mezhep Cereyanları - The course of events · · · 343) in Turkish history – Two crucial front in Anatolian Shiism: The fundamental Islamic of · · 5. ^ Encyclopaedia Iranica, "BEKTĀŠĪYA" the Hurufiyya madhhab, (Preface and notes by Hilmi Ziya Ülken), Ahmet Sait Press, page 198, 6. ^ Nicolle, ; pg 29 Kanaat Publications, Istanbul, 1940. (Turkish) Groups 7. ^ Lewis, Stephen (2001). "The Ottoman Architectural Patrimony in Bulgaria". EJOS (Utrecht) 15. ^ According to Turkish scholar, researcher, author and tariqa expert Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı, · · Shaykhi · Ni'matullāhī · 30 (IV). ISSN 0928-6802 . "Qizilbashs" ("Red-Heads") of the 16th century - a religious and political movement in Safaviyya · Qizilbash · Alevism · 8. ^ a b Muslims of Macedonia that helped to establish the - were nothing but "spiritual Alawism · Bektashism and · 9. ^ Algar, Hamid. The Hurufi Influence on Bektashism: Bektachiyya, Estudés sur l'ordre descendants of the ". Source: Roger M. Savory (ref. Abdülbaki Gölpinarli), mystique des Bektachis et les groupes relevant de Hadji Bektach. Istambul: Les Éditions Isis. Encyclopaedia of Islam, "Kizil-Bash", Online Edition 2005. Malamatiyya–Qalandariyya · pp. 39–53. 16. ^ According to the famous Alevism expert Ahmet Yaşar Ocak, "Bektashiyyah" was nothing but Hurufism–Bektashism · Rifa'i–Galibi · 10. ^ [1] Hacıbektaş Web the reemergence of in Turkish societies under the polishment of Islam. (Source: Scholarship 11. ^ Balcıoğlu, Tahir Harimî, Türk Tarihinde Mezhep Cereyanları - The course of madhhab events Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar XII yüzyılda Anadolu'da Babâîler İsyânı - Babai Revolt in Anatolia in the in Turkish history, (Preface and notes by Hilmi Ziya Ülken), Ahmet Sait Press, 271 pages, Twelfth Century, pages 83-89, Istanbul, 1980. (Turkish)) Law · Marja' (list) · · (list) · · Hujjat al-Islam · Ijtihad · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bektashi_Order[12.7.2015. 9:44:31] Bektashi Order - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

References [edit] collections Nicolle, David; UK (1995). The Janissaries (5th). Osprey Publishing . ISBN 1-85532-413-X. Peak of Eloquence Muhammed Seyfeddin Ibn Zulfikari Derviş Ali; Bektaşi İkrar Ayini, Kalan Publishing, Translated from by Mahir Ünsal Eriş, Ankara, 2007 Turkish The of Islam Book of Fundamentals External links [edit] The Book in Scholar's Lieu Civilization of Laws · The · The Bektashi order of Sufis Book of Sulaym ibn The Bektashi Order of Dervishes Oceans of Light · Wasā'il al-Shīʿa · · Keys of Paradise ·

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