HEADQUARTERS 397Th BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) AAF Hunter Field, Georgia
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United States Air Force and Its Antecedents Published and Printed Unit Histories
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS PUBLISHED AND PRINTED UNIT HISTORIES A BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPANDED & REVISED EDITION compiled by James T. Controvich January 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS User's Guide................................................................................................................................1 I. Named Commands .......................................................................................................................4 II. Numbered Air Forces ................................................................................................................ 20 III. Numbered Commands .............................................................................................................. 41 IV. Air Divisions ............................................................................................................................. 45 V. Wings ........................................................................................................................................ 49 VI. Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 69 VII. Squadrons..............................................................................................................................122 VIII. Aviation Engineers................................................................................................................ 179 IX. Womens Army Corps............................................................................................................ -
Airpower in the Battle of the Bulge: a Case for Effects-‐‑Based Operations?
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 14, ISSUE 1, FALL 2011 Studies Airpower in the Battle of the Bulge: A Case for Effects-Based Operations? Harold R. Winton ȱ ȱ dzȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ throughout are those of a campaign on land in which the primary problem at the time is the defeat of an enemy army in the field.1 J.C. Slessor, 1936 ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ work, Air Power and Armies, the published version of lectures he presented to his army brethren at the Staff College, Camberley in the mid-ŗşřŖǯȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ǰȱ ȱ paper is focused historically on an air effort to defeat an enemy army, or in this case an army groupȯField Marshal ȱȂȱ¢ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ to which Adolf Hitler entrusted his last, desperate gamble to win World War IIȯa campaign that became known in history as the Battle of the Bulge. But in keeping with ȱ ȱ ȱ ȃ ȱ ǰȄȱ t will relate the course and consequences of that campaign to an ongoing doctrinal debate in the American armed forces over a concept known as Effects-Based Operations, or EBO. The issue on the table is to determine the 1 J.C. Slessor, Air Power and Armies (London: Oxford University Press, 1936), p. xi. ©Centre of Military and Strategic Studies, 2011 ISSN : 1488-559X JOURNAL OF MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES extent to which the evidence of using airpower in the Bulge confirms, qualifies, or refutes the tenets of EBO. While this question may seem somewhat arcane, it is not without consequence. -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
Unclassified Xxix S E C\E T
A. Fighter; Total claims against enemy aircraft during the month were 39-0-13 in the air and 1-0-2 on the ground. Missions 25 Sorties 296 d. Flak.— XIX TAC aircraft losses for the month because of flak Tons Bombs on Tgts 128 were unusually high. Out of the 50 aircraft lost, 35 were victims of Tons Frags 14.69 flak. The enemy, realizing that the greatest threat to the success of Tons Napalm 7.15 its ARD3NNBS salient was American air power, built up a very strong Tons Incendiaries 10.25 anti-aircraft defense around the entire area. Rockets 22 Claims (air) 4-1-1 The TTY TAC A-2 Flak Officer, reporting near the end of the Geraan retreat from the Bulge area, said: B. Reconnaissance: "The proportion of flak protection to troops and area involved (in Tac/R Sorties 58/36 1. INTRODUCTION. the ARDENNES area) was higher than in any previous operation in this P/R Sorties 7/6 war's history. Artillery sorties 4/2 a. General.— opening the year of 1945, the XIX Tactical Air Com mand-Third US Army team had a big job on its hands before it could re "Flak units were apparently given the highest priorities in supply C. Night Fighter: sume the assault of the SIEGFRIED LINE. The German breakthrough into of fuel and ammunition. They must also have been given a great degree of the ARDENNES had been checked but not yet smashed. The enemy columns freedom in moving over roads always taxed to capacity. Sorties 15 which had surged toward the MEUSE were beginning to withdraw, for the Claims (air) 1-0-0 v wily Rundstedt's best-laid plans had been wrecked on the rock of BAS "In addition to the tremendous quantities of mobile flak assigned TOGNS. -
The Record 2013/14
The Record 2013/14 The Record 2013/14 contents 5 Letter from the Warden 6 The Fellowship 9 Fellowship Elections and Appointments 9 JCR and MCR Elections 10 Undergraduate Scholarships 12 Matriculation 16 College Awards and Prizes 18 Academic Distinctions 20 Higher Degrees 21 Fellows’ Publications 26 Sports and Games 30 Clubs and Societies 32 The Chapel 33 Parishes Update 33 The Library and Archive 34 Old Members’ Obituaries 46 News of Old Members letter from the warden As I have said and written elsewhere it is a great privilege to be Warden of Keble. One aspect of that privilege is the variety of opportunities to participate in events to celebrate the College’s achievements and heritage. For example, I very much look forward to seeing our 2014 Finalists back next summer when they graduate since a record number of forty-four individuals obtained first class degrees. But Keble past and present is commemorated in a host of different ways with many of them recorded on the College website. To illustrate that general point, I shall mention just three events which evidence the range. As I write this I have just hosted a party in honour of Dr George Richardson who was Warden of the College between 1989 and 1994 and who reached his ninetieth birthday on 20 September. Earlier in the month Amanda and I, in the company of the Chaplain and members of the Chapel Choir, attended a service at All Saints Margaret Street to mark the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of William Butterfield, whose creation of the physical fabric of the College has been so important to our history and our culture. -
Taking Stock WORLDWIDE NUCLEAR DEPLOYMENTS 1998
Taking Stock WORLDWIDE NUCLEAR DEPLOYMENTS 1998 BY William M. Arkin Robert S. Norris Joshua Handler NRDC Nuclear Program MARCH 1998 NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL, INC. 1200 New York Ave., NW, Suite 400 Washington, D.C. 20005 202/289-6868 VOICE 802-457-3426 (Arkin) 202-289-2369 (Norris) FAX 202-289-1060 INTERNET [email protected] [email protected] Worldwide Nuclear Deployments 1998 i © Copyright, Natural Resources Defense Council, 1998 ii TAKING STOCK Table of Contents Introduction . 1 Methodology . 4 Arms Control and Nuclear Weapons Deployments . 6 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I) . 6 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START II) . 7 The Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty . 8 Unilateral Initiatives . 8 Future Nuclear Deployments . 11 The United States . 14 Nuclear History . 16 Nuclear Organization . 19 Nuclear Weapons Deployments . 24 Russia . 26 Nuclear Organization . 29 Nuclear Weapons Deployments . 33 Britain . 39 France . 42 China . 45 Appendix A: Locations of U.S. Nuclear Weapons, by Type . 53 Appendix B: U.S. Nuclear Weapons by Location . 55 Appendix C: U.S. Nuclear Weapons, Location Profiles . 56 By State California . 56 Colorado . 57 Georgia. 58 Louisiana . 59 Missouri . 60 Montana . 61 Nebraska . 61 Nevada . 62 New Mexico. 63 North Dakota . 65 Texas . 68 Virginia . 70 Washington . 70 Wyoming . 72 Overseas by Country Belgium . 72 Germany . 73 Greece . 76 Italy . 77 The Netherlands . 78 Turkey . 78 United Kingdom . 79 Appendix D: Location of Russian Nuclear Weapons, by Type . 81 Appendix E: Russian Nuclear Weapons by Location . 84 Appendix F: British Nuclear Weapons by Type and Location . 88 Appendix G: French Nuclear Weapons by Type and Location . -
Restructuring the US Military Bases in Germany Scope, Impacts, and Opportunities
B.I.C.C BONN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR CONVERSION . INTERNATIONALES KONVERSIONSZENTRUM BONN report4 Restructuring the US Military Bases in Germany Scope, Impacts, and Opportunities june 95 Introduction 4 In 1996 the United States will complete its dramatic post-Cold US Forces in Germany 8 War military restructuring in ● Military Infrastructure in Germany: From Occupation to Cooperation 10 Germany. The results are stag- ● Sharing the Burden of Defense: gering. In a six-year period the A Survey of the US Bases in United States will have closed or Germany During the Cold War 12 reduced almost 90 percent of its ● After the Cold War: bases, withdrawn more than contents Restructuring the US Presence 150,000 US military personnel, in Germany 17 and returned enough combined ● Map: US Base-Closures land to create a new federal state. 1990-1996 19 ● Endstate: The Emerging US The withdrawal will have a serious Base Structure in Germany 23 affect on many of the communi- ties that hosted US bases. The US Impact on the German Economy 26 military’syearly demand for goods and services in Germany has fal- ● The Economic Impact 28 len by more than US $3 billion, ● Impact on the Real Estate and more than 70,000 Germans Market 36 have lost their jobs through direct and indirect effects. Closing, Returning, and Converting US Bases 42 Local officials’ ability to replace those jobs by converting closed ● The Decision Process 44 bases will depend on several key ● Post-Closure US-German factors. The condition, location, Negotiations 45 and type of facility will frequently ● The German Base Disposal dictate the possible conversion Process 47 options. -
OPERATION MARKET- GARDEN 1944 (1) the American Airborne Missions
OPERATION MARKET- GARDEN 1944 (1) The American Airborne Missions STEVEN J. ZALOGA ILLUSTRATED BY STEVE NOON © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CAMPAIGN 270 OPERATION MARKET- GARDEN 1944 (1) The American Airborne Missions STEVEN J ZALOGA ILLUSTRATED BY STEVE NOON Series editor Marcus Cowper © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 The strategic setting CHRONOLOGY 8 OPPOSING COMMANDERS 9 German commandersAllied commanders OPPOSING FORCES 14 German forcesAllied forces OPPOSING PLANS 24 German plansAllied plans THE CAMPAIGN 32 The southern sector: 101st Airborne Division landingOperation Garden: XXX Corps The Nijmegen sector: 82nd Airborne DivisionGerman reactionsNijmegen Bridge: the first attemptThe demolition of the Nijmegen bridgesGroesbeek attack by Korps FeldtCutting Hell’s HighwayReinforcing the Nijmegen Bridge defenses: September 18Battle for the Nijmegen bridges: September 19Battle for the Nijmegen Railroad Bridge: September 20Battle for the Nijmegen Highway Bridge: September 20Defending the Groesbeek Perimeter: September 20 On to Arnhem?Black Friday: cutting Hell’s HighwayGerman re-assessmentRelieving the 1st Airborne DivisionHitler’s counteroffensive: September 28–October 2 AFTERMATH 87 THE BATTLEFIELD TODAY 91 FURTHER READING 92 INDEX 95 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com The Void: pursuit to the German frontier, August 26 to September 11, 1944 26toSeptember11, August pursuittotheGermanfrontier, Void: The Allied front line, date indicated Armed Forces Nijmegen Netherlands Wesel N German front line, evening XXXX enth Ar ifte my First Fsch September 11, 1944 F XXXX XXX Westwall LXVII 1. Fsch XXX XXXX LXXXVIII 0 50 miles XXX 15 LXXXIX XXX Turnhout 0 50km LXXXVI Dusseldorf Ostend Brugge Antwerp Dunkirk XXX XXX Calais II Ghent XII XXX Cdn Br XXX Cologne GERMANY Br Maastricht First Fsch Brussels XXXX Seventh Bonn Boulognes BELGIUM XXX XXXX 21 Aachen LXXXI 7 XXXX First XXXXX Lille 12 September 4 Liège Cdn XIX XXX XXX XXX North Sea XXXX VII Namur VII LXXIV Second US B Koblenz Br St. -
No. 50 Squadron Royal Air Force in World War Two the Diary of a WWII Bomber Squadron- Part 1 to Part 4, 1937 to 1942
No. 50 Squadron Royal Air Force In World War Two The Diary of a WWII Bomber Squadron- Part 1 to Part 4, 1937 to 1942. INTRODUCTION This document is a pastiche of copied information; it does not purport to be original in any way. It is therefore without copyright. It simply chronicles certain events from the Squadron’s formation in 1939 onward. The basic concept began with extracts from official documents titled AIR/ 485, 486 & 487, the Squadron Operational Record Books (Form 540 and Appendices Form 541) held by the National Archives at Kew, London which were originally available only for personal viewing at the Archives at Kew, London but which are now available on-line (for a fee). These records very briefly summarise each ‘operational’ mission. Overlaid on this was information on the human losses suffered by 50 Squadron taken from the painstakingly researched and meticulously produced document by Flt. Lt. P.C. Jacobs, RAF and the No. 50 and No. 61 Squadron Association, the “Roll Of Honour 1939 – 1945”. Finally, further information garnered from Internet and journal sources has been over-laid to expand on some of the incidents recorded briefly, by necessity, in these Operational Record Books. Wherever possible, first hand accounts have been referenced. Such is the nature of a document such as this, written some 70 years after the event, that accounts published by some authoritative, and some not so authoritative, sources have had to be taken at face value. Responsibility for any inaccuracies is accepted by the ‘author’ but I have tried to cross reference as much information as possible within the constraints of budget (i.e. -
Bridge Busters: the 397Th Bombardment Group (Medium) and The
BRIDGE BUSTERS: THE 397TH BOMBARDMENT GROUP (MEDIUM) AND THE B-26 MARAUDER IN WORLD WAR II BY LIEUTENANT COLONEL DAVID OCH A THESIS PROVIDED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES FOR COMPLETION OF GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES AIR UNIVERSITY MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA JUNE 2015 DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. APPROVAL The undersigned certify that this thesis meets master’s-level standards of research, argumentation, and expression. _______________________________ Dr. Richard R. Muller 15 May 2015 _______________________________ Dr. Thomas A. Hughes 15 May 2015 i DISCLAIMER The conclusions and opinions expressed in this document are those of the author. They do not reflect the official position of the US Government, Department of Defense, the United States Air Force, or Air University. ii ABOUT THE AUTHOR Lt Col David Och earned his commission in the United States Air Force through the United States Air Force Academy in 2000. He graduated from Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training in 2002. He went on to various flying assignments in the F-15E Strike Eagle. He is a Senior Pilot with over 1,700 flying hours in the F-15E, including over 300 hours in support of Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. He also deployed in support of Operation NEW DAWN. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Management from the United States Air Force Academy and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Pittsburgh, Katz Graduate School of Business. He is currently working towards a Master of Philosophy in Military Strategy from the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies. -
Squadrons’ Association Supported by Friends of 75 (NZ) Squadron
TThhee MMiillddeennhhaallll RReeggiisstteerr XV, XC, 149, 218 and 622 Bomber Squadrons’ Association Supported by Friends of 75 (NZ) Squadron Chairman: Miss Dee Boneham MBE CertEd NEWSL ETTER NEWSLETTER WINTER WINTER 2020 2020 Changes at the Top John receives his retirement present at the Annual Reunion dinner. Dee proudly stands before His Royal Highness Prince Charles as she receives here award of the MBE at Buckingham Palace. Roll of Honour 2019 Mr B Bernard Adkins Solihull XV Navigator. Mr C E Eric Barclay Oswestry 622 Air gunner Mr E Ernie Barlow Mepal 75NZ Honorary Padre Mr W H Baxter Alton Mr G H George Broome Shipley XV Air Gunner (Larry) Mr M Matthew Bunten Methwold 149 Air gunner Mr R Robert Davie Williston, 622 Pilot and F/E (Roy) Vermont Mrs H Helen Davis Leamington XV Widow of F/O Spa Douglas Davis Mrs H Helen de Hoop Haywards 75NZ Widow of John Heath Mr P W Phillip Elger Trundle, NSW XV W/Op Mr D Doug Fry B/Stortford XV A/G Mr C W Charles Gibbons Portland XC Rear gunner Mr R M Reg Heffron Myrtle Bank 622 M.U.G. Mrs M Mollie James Dudley 149 Widow of Sgt Allan James Gr.Cpt J Jerry Jarvis OBE Fowey 218 Mr J D John Jones Usk XV Bomb aimer. Mr L E Lawrence Kearns Sandown 149 Ground crew Mr J P John Martin HarrowWeald Mrs A Audrey Matthews- Keppera, XV Sister of Flt Sgt Frederick Q/sland A S Long Mr T J Tom Maxwell DFC Exeter 622 Pilot Mr S Sydney Merrifield MBE Littlehampton XV Navigator Mr B Bill Morris DFC Hereford 218 Mr R F Richard Murphy Edenbridge XV Navigator Mr E Edmund Niland Hartlepool 149 Eng. -
Page 1 of 47 ASTRONOMY CONTRAILS JET AVIATION CIRRUS GLOBAL WARMING AIR PO... 12/11/2008
ASTRONOMY CONTRAILS JET AVIATION CIRRUS GLOBAL WARMING AIR PO...Page 1 of 47 RESOURCE NOTES ON JET CONTRAILS AND ASSOCIATED ITEMS Influence on Astronomical Observing Conditions Select your preferred section: Or jump to one of these separate documents: * Astronaut & Top Notch Opinions ... read about these notes (recommended by Yahoo! ) * The Eye Sore, in Photos and Words ... view the contrail slide show * Contrails and Astronomy ... see the latest contrail pictures * US Sites ... read other contrail news * European and other non-US Sites ... see the contrail glossary * International Organisations - and - NGOs ... read the daily contrail report * Contrails in Warfare ... and join the International Clear Sky Association * The Contrail Science * Contrail Management; Weather Modification * The Evidence * Not really Contrails * Contrails in aviation journal AIR (January/February 2001) * Contrails in the Press * Chemtrail theories debunked by USA Today (March 7, 2001) * Aviation Safety Concerns and Business ... and by US Air Force * Contrails from Future Aircraft * Contrails of concern to FAA Ombudsman * Fringe and Various - and - * Contrails for Kids * ICAO Journal March 2001 with contrail on its cover * The Web - and - * Recent Additions * US climate control: USA Today (July 16, 01) and BBC (Aug 1, 01) * Fewer contrails seen from Space Shuttle after September 11: * Contrail forecast over USA developed by Langley. * Front cover of British think tank report portrays contrail cirrus. * Bjorn Lomborg, author of the "The Sceptical Environmentalist", portrayed with contrails (from "Politiken"). Last revised: April 4, 2003 --- Send your suggestions to: ASTRONAUT & TOP NOTCH OPINIONS ... top of document Space Shuttle astronaut Dr. Fred W. Leslie: "I remember seeing contrails stretched across the planet": http://www.ssl.msfc.nasa.gov/..