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Shape History IWrO UNCLASSIFIED SHAPE 58/67 COPY NO Äj «4 HISTORY •Ty ' C? % » £#REME HEADQUARTERS ALLIED POWERS EUROPE Downgraded «NATO UNCLASSIFIED * IA W SHAPE, 3050/SHGS/91/7NÔV9Ï % By Dace^ Ê&. Historical Office, OCOFSy SHAPE 1958 Duwncaried to NATO...CONFIE WÎ* At. I«i5 p.H-V, Dale J9M?m »37 O A Historical Section, OSECCOS, ShAFE ' THIS DOCUMENT CONSISTS OF , 225 PAGES DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED SHAPE HISTORY 1958 (ÏH li WLteil teail aà 0¾ DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED NATO CONROENTtAL 03 This document consists of 225 pages. Copy No. UNCLASSIFIED NATO UNCLASSIFIED FOREWOR D The History of SHAPE is being prepared in a series of volumes of which the first three cover the periods of command of Generals Eisenhower, Ridgway, and Gruenther. Volume I, for the Eisenhower Command, and Volume II, for the Ridgway Command, have been issued. Volume III, which covers the Gruenther Command, is in draft form. Beginning with Gênerai Nor stad's Command (end-1956), the History of SHAPE has been undertaken on a calendar year basis. This volume covers SHAPE History for the year 1958, and is being published simultaneously with the SHAPE History for 1957. Both volumes, which previously existed in draft form, are being issued to make available to members of the SHAPE Staff background information that is oftèn needed for a valid recommendation or decision. Published volumes of the SHAPE History for 1959 and for the period 1960-1965 have been distributed within the SHAPE Staff and are available through the SHAPE Central Registry and Records Section, PANDA Division, SHAPE. Comments and suggestions for improvement of SHAPE Histories may be brought to the attention of the Historical Section, Office of the Secretary of the Staff, SHAPE. A I . Brigadier General, US AF Secretary of the Staff 24 August 1967 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED NATO UNCLASSIFIED NATO UNCLASSIFIED SHAPE 58 /67 DISTRIBUTIONt NO. OF COPIES O SACEUR 2 O DSACEUR 1 OCOFS 1 O AIRDEP I ODNA I ODCLA 1 ODCPO I SP ASST INTAT I OSECT 1 ACOS PANDA I ACOS INTEL 1 ACOS PANDP 1 ACOS OPS 1 ACOS LOG 1 ACOSCANDE 1 CH BUDFIN I CHPID 1 PANDA (CtfiitrRegistry) 2 Historical Ssctioa 2 Total 22 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED NATO UNCLASSIFIED SHAPE HISTORY 1958 INDEX Page CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 SACEUR's Mission, Responsibilities and Powers (MC 53, MC 70) 1 The Function of SHAPE 2 Events Concerning SHAPE 4 SACEUR Statement on NATO 6 How an Alliance Goes to War 9 Allied Command Europe 11 The SHAPE Staff 11 CHAPTER II: FORCES 13 General 13 MC 70 15 Annual Review Guidance and MC 70 18 Force Goals Problems 22 Revision of MC 70 27 Balanced Collective Forces Concept 28 Netherlands Tactical Group 31 German Forces in Schleswig-Holstein 32 Control of German Demarcation Line 33 Reduction of Danish Defense Effort 34 Removal of Certain Forces 35 SACEUR's Report to SGN on Force Reductions 36 Tactical Airfields for the German Air Force 37 Annual Review 1959 42 Operational Compatibility of Ground Divisions in Central Europe 44 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED i NATO CONFIDENTIAL CHAPTER III: STRATEGIC PLANNING 45 General 45 Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles 45 Atomic Stockpile Program 61 SACEUR's Progress Reports on IRBM and SAS 70 Planning for Action Short of General War 72 NATO Mobile Task Force 73 Survivability 74 The Light Weight Strike Fighter 76 SACEUR's Emergency Defense Plan 78 Atomic Planning 79 Criteria for NATO War Headquarters 79 SHAPE War Headquarters (DEVASTATE) 81 SACEUR's Alert System 82 CHAPTER IV: TRAINING 88 ACE Training Conference - 1958 89 ACE Readiness Test Program 91 Important NATO Exercises, 1958 93 Exercises in General 98 Integration of Training Resources 98 Broad Pattern of Higher Training i960 100 Release of Information on NATO Exercises 100 Length of National Military Service 101 The Training Area Problem 102 NATO Naval Training Centre 105 Belgian-Netherlands Training Agreement 106 CHAPTER V: COMMAND STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION 107 Command Structure, Central Europe 107 Reorganization of CINCENT's Headquarters 110 Further Progress toward Establishment of COMNAVBALTAP 111 The German Viewpoint 117 CINCENT's Problems 120 Reconstitution of Headquarters TWO ATAF 121 Movement of FOUR ATAF 122 Peacetime Establishment Headquarters CENTAG and NORTHAG 125 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED AFMED Representation in JCOC Izmir 126 ii CHAPTER VI: LOGISTICS AND INFRASTRUCTURE 129 Introduction 129 SECTION I - LOGISTICS 130 Logistics Implications of MC 70 130 Logistics 1958 132 CINCENT's Studies 135 Logistic Planning Factors Regarding Stockpiles 136 SHAPE Guidance Is sued ' 136 Logistic Resources 137 Shortage of War Reserve POL Stocks in Turkey 138 Maps and Charts Policy 138 SECTION II - INFRASTRUCTURE 139 Infrastructure Requirements for the Period 1958-1963 139 Eligibility for Common Funding of Certain Categories of Infrastructure 141 Review of ACE Infrastructure Slices Two through Nine ...... 141 The SHAPE Review of Infrastructure 142 Improvement in the Rate of Construction of Infrastructure Projects 144 The SHAPE Recommended Ninth Slice (1958) Infrastructure Program 145 The SHAPE Recommended Tenth Slice (1959) Infrastructure Program 146 CHAPTER VII: COMMUNICATIONS 150 The Forward Scatter System - Progress in 1958 150 The Forward Scatter System - Increased Costs 151 The Reasons for the Increase in Costs 153 The Forward Scatter System 154 Electronic Coimtermeasures Plan for ACE 157 Personnel Problems 160 Personnel for LREW System 161 Personnel for Forward Scatter System 163 Communications Equipment 164 Communications Planning for the NIKE Air Defense System 165 Signals Conferences 1958 166 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED iii CHAPTER VIII : INTELLIGENCE 167 Introduction 167 Basic Intelligence Guidance Background 168 Briefings and Publications 172 SHAPE Intelligence Publications 172 The Cable 173 The EURPIR 174 Other Publications 174 Exploitation of Early Warning Systems for Intelligence Purposes 175 CHAPTER IX: AIR DEFENSE - 1958 179 The Integration of the Air Defense of NATO Europe 180 French Objections 192 The 10 December 1958 NAC Meeting 194 The Belgian Proposal 199 SACEUR's Presentation to the Council 201 Result of the Military Committee and North Atlantic Council Meetings 202 MC 70 and Air Defense '... 203 Early Warning 203 Readiness and Active Air Defense 204 SACEUR's Tasks ! 204 The Deployment of Missiles for Air Defense 205 The Forward Missile Belt 206 Missile Deployment 208 The Funding of Missile Sites 208 The ACE Long-Range Early Warning System - Progress in 1958 209 Improvements to the Ground Environment of the ACE Air Defense System 210 Data Handling System 212 Rules for Engagement of Unidentified Aircraft 212 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED iv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION General Lauris Norstad, USAF, continued as Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, throughout 1958. His second year as SACEUR wan marked fey the adoption of his strategic concept of a minimum force. The North Atlantic Council approved this concept in April. SACEUR and his staff studied the implications of this approval. Many NATO nations were reluctant to commit funds for the future without a very close examination of the cost of weapons, infrastructure, radar warning systems and other essential requirements. Although there was no major crisis within NATO - or involving NATO nations comparable to the Suez crisis in 1956, - certain political events caused SACEUR some anxiety. SACEUR's Mission, Responsibilities and Powers (MC 53, MC 70). MC 53, issued in July 1955, had set forth SACEUR's responsibilities. His mission was broadly to maintain peace in Western Europe and, fail- ing that, to defend Western Europe successfully against attack. His peacetime function was to ensure that, if an emergency occurred, the NATO forces made available by nations for the defense of ACE were organized, equipped, trained, supported and ready to implement agreed war plans. The approval of MC 70 in April 1958, while not fundamentally changing the powers and responsibilities given to SACEUR enlarged and DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED clarified his responsibilities. In peacetime, for example, he was required specifically to prepare and keep up to date a defense plan for the employment 1 of his forces in war and, in coordination with nations, provide for the most effective positioning of his forces to meet all contingencies. With-
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