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Catacombs of Rome
Catacombs of Rome The Catacombs of Rome (Italian: Catacombe di Roma) are ancient catacombs, underground burial places under Rome, Italy, of which there are at least forty, some discovered only in recent decades. Though most famous for Christian burials, either in separate catacombs or mixed together, people of all the Roman religions are buried in them, beginning in the 2nd century AD,[1] mainly as a response to overcrowding and shortage of land. The Etruscans, like many other European peoples, used to bury their dead in underground chambers. The original Roman custom was cremation, after which the burnt remains were kept in a pot, ash-chest or urn, often in a columbarium. From about the 2nd century AD, inhumation (burial of unburnt remains) became more fashionable, in graves or sarcophagi, often elaborately carved, for those who could afford them. Christians also preferred burial to cremation because of their belief in bodily resurrection at the Second Coming. The Park of the Caffarella and Colli Albani (Rome Metro) are nearby. The Christian catacombs are extremely important for the art history of Early Christian art, as they contain the great majority of examples from before about 400 AD, in fresco and sculpture, as well as gold glass medallions (these, like most bodies, have been removed). The Jewish catacombs are similarly important for the study of Jewish culture at this period. A number of dubious relics of A Procession in the Catacomb of catacomb saints were promoted after the rediscovery of the catacombs. Callixtus, 1905 by Alberto -
The Eternal City: Rome for History Addicts! 7 Days
The Eternal City: Rome for History Addicts! 7 days Tour Description This 7 day, 6 night tour can be appreciated by anyone who loves history, young or old! Therefore, school groups, clubs, families or groups of friends can all likely extract ideas from the suggestions below. While the popular expression goes “all roads lead to Rome,” it could just as easily have been “Rome has a zillion monuments.” The magnitude of its cultural sites is so immense that it’s hard to wrap your head around it. That being said, even a history buff has to make choices in Rome! The itinerary below is based on a 6-night stay in Rome with many of the ancient capital’s must-see sights. While the attractions below are plentiful, we recommend striving for a pleasant pace; after all, it is your vacation. Should you want to extend your historical extravaganza by several days, we recommend you add the following ancient sites in Campania to your itinerary: Pompeii, Herculaneum and Paestum. Alternatively, if you don’t mind catching another flight, Sicily is a paradise for history fans and should absolutely be considered for a longer extension. Highlights Tour of iconic Colosseum Walking tour of central Rome’s top sights: Piazza Navona, the Pantheon, Campo de’ Fiori! Visit some of Italy’s best archaeological sites, including the Roman Forum and Ostia Antica Spend a morning in the Vatican Museums Explore the Emperor Hadrian’s astonishing villa Wander Rome’s ancient catacombs Sample Tour Itinerary Rome – 6 nights Day 1: Arrive in Rome Upon arrival to the Fiumicino Airport, you and your fellow history addicts will travel by private coach to your hotel in Rome, your epic base for the next six nights. -
The Alleged Persecution of the Roman Christians by the Emperor Domitian
Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses: Doctorates and Masters Theses 1-1-2005 The alleged persecution of the Roman Christians by the emperor Domitian Ken Laffer Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Laffer, K. (2005). The alleged persecution of the Roman Christians by the emperor Domitian. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/639 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/639 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Courts have the power to impose a wide range of civil and criminal sanctions for infringement of copyright, infringement of moral rights and other offences under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. -
The Monteverde Jewish Catacombs on the Via Portuense
The Monteverde Jewish Catacombs on the via Portuense Jessica Dello Russo The author wishes to remember Gaetano Migliore (1740–1789), Nicolas Mueller (1857–1912), and Estelle Shohet Brettman (1925–1991) for many years of work on the Jewish catacombs, but only partial publication. “Non tocca a te portare termine al lavoro, ma neppure sei libero al punto di ritenertene dispensato.” A. Berliner, Storia degli Ebrei a Roma, Introduction, p. 6 !" FOUR CENTURIES OF STUDY OF THE into centuries of scholarship on the Christian catacombs of JEWISH CATACOMBS OF ROME" Rome.4 So vulnerable to the political and theological issues that permeated the pages of scholarship, this Jewish cata- Early-twentieth-century plans of Rome detail an intense comb—by virtue of its early discovery, extent, and, above all, period of construction on the southernmost slope of the destruction—should be seen, in a manner of speaking, as the Monteverde above the Circonvallazione Gianicolense.1 A “barometer” to measure the highs and lows of catacomb small cluster of paths next to deep, concave openings near research, and any one generation’s focus on issues that are in the bottom of the hillside, however, marked where the last many cases still unresolved today.5 Even in our own time, the excavated areas of an ancient Jewish cemetery had been seen Jewish catacombs risk “isolation” once again from our con- before its demolition.2 Leading up to that moment—a dev- tinued preoccupation with their “Jewishness”—on the astating landslide on October 14, 1928—were over three administrative as well as scholarly level—and need to be hundred years of exploration and spoliation of the site by examined in a more critical light for their structure, contents Rome’s elite. -
Crypta Manent Rev2013
“CRYPTA MANENT”. The early Christians and the catacombs of the Ancient Rome. Project proposal for a performative, high technological archeological exhibition-path, installed inside a modern museum G. Laquidara PhD, M. Mazzi Boém, X23 Ltd - MIUR Research Archive # 60954DHH in Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Physics and Cybernetics, Science Networks, Non-linear and Complex Systems, Quantitative Financial Modeling, System Dynamics Qualitative Analysis (Rome, Salerno, I) giuseppe.laquidara @ x-23.org , marika.mazzi.boem @ x-23.org Abstract. Crypta Manent ‘013 aims to create a hybrid virtual-reality, immersive, and scenographic exhibition-space/path, representing a Catacomb of the Ancient Rome, installed inside a modern, itinerant museum. The resulting environment is dynamically connected to big open dataset [LOD], specific for the archeological Built Heritage, enriched with correlated media resources, aiming to process them in quasi-real time, through urgent computation algorithms, and live reproducing different path and archeo-environment live. The resulting experience touches every sense and stimuli [visual, acoustic, tactile, olfactory, cognitive and learning], coming to the "immersive" experiment, since a so called "tech-capsule" is installed reproducing in stereoscopic, immersive performance a real underground walkway, assisted by wearable devices. The dynamics of data streams coming from the set of Big Open Data, leads up to the experience to “5 dimensions”. General Premise. The catacombs of Imperial Rome represent at the maximum point, the most unique and precious, the journey of faith that characterised the early Christians of ancient Rome. A faith that found its expression in these alive and intense places, concealed and hidden, in which to observe Christian worship of the dead, but also to meet the celebrating moments of intense Christian life. -
Rome, the Eternal City
Chapter 9 – Rome, the Eternal City Flying into Rome, Italy aboard Alitalia. We were greeted at the airport by our tour director, Georgio: http://wigowsky.com/travels/GreeceRome/audios/rome1.wma (audio file) “Bongiorno (good morning), I’m Georgio (rolling his r’s). I’m going to be with you all the way to Venice, for those going that far. Some of you, two or three of you, are leaving early (after Rome). I’m not a tour guide, just a tour director, the kind that takes care of your itinerary. Anyway, welcome to Rome, Italy. Tomorrow, we’ll be visiting Ostia Antigua, the ancient Roman city. It used to be the ancient port and harbor. We’ll be driving for about 28 kilometers (17.8 miles) to the city. It will take us about 45 minutes, traffic permitting. Our driver’s name is Mauro. The agenda for today is easy. We are first going to the catacombs – Santa Domitilla. Once there we’ll be meeting four more fellows of our group. We’ll have a guided tour there. Afterwards, we’ll drive to the hotel Universo and check in. Tomorrow we’ll be very busy, and we’ll be leaving the hotel by 8:15am. We’ll be meeting our local guide, and then we’ll go to the Mamertine prison, and the Colosseum. That will be in the morning. In the afternoon, we’ll make our way to Ostia Antigua with the same guide. Any questions? Question: “What will the weather be like tomorrow?” Answer: “What is it you’re worrying about tomorrow? Think about today. -
Paul's Journey to Rome
Tutku Travel Programs Endorsed by Biblical Archaeology Society BY SEA & LAND: PAUL’S JOURNEY TO ROME MALTA • SICILY • ITALY April 27 - May 10, 2022 Tour Hosts: Dr. Glen L. Thompson Dr. Carl Rasmussen organized by By Sea & Land: Paul’s Journey to Rome / April 27 - May 10, 2022 Taormina, Sicily BY SEA & LAND: PAUL’S JOURNEY TO ROME (weather permitting.) Visit Salina Bay and St. Paul’s island. Walk up to the statue, take a few pictures, brief explanation why this place erroneously Dr. Glen L. Thompson, Dr. Carl Rasmussen, Ph.D, became the traditional shipwreck site. Ending a cruise tour at Bugibba. Asia Lutheran Seminary, Emeritus Professor of Old Visit the archeological excavations at San Pawl Miqli. Transfer to Rabat. Hong Kong, Retired Testament, Bethel University Visit St. Paul’s Grotto, St. Paul’s Church, and the Domus Romana. Paul’s journey to Rome that concludes the book of Act is one of the most Apr 30 Sat MALTA - FERRY TO POZZALLO - AGRIGENTO - SYRACUSE exciting stories in ancient literature. It recounts the fateful shipwreck We will have a very early check-out and pick-up (and boxed breakfast) that occurred west of Crete. Our tour will pick up the story on the island of in order to catch the 05:00 ferry (VR-800) to Pozzallo (Sicily). Upon Malta where Paul and the other 275 survivors came ashore. From Malta we our arrival at 06:45, we will be met by our driver in Pozzallo and drive to will visit each of Paul’s stops on his way to Rome mentioned in Acts 28. -
CYO Camp Rancho Framasa Reaches out to Include Children with Disabilities
Inside Parish milestones St. Jude, St. Philip Neri parishes to celebrate anniversaries, Criterion pages 10-11. Serving the Church in Central and Southern Indiana Since 1960 CriterionOnline.com July 31, 2009 Vol. XLIX, No. 42 75¢ Common good is promoted by Submitted photo/Kent Hughes Submitted photo/Kent protecting economic well-being of all, cardinal says ROME (CNS)—The fastest way to recover from the current economic crisis and the only way to ensure that a similar financial meltdown does not occur again is for governments to take seriously their role as regulators, the Vatican secretary of state told members of the Italian Senate. Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, secretary Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone of state, outlined the contents of Pope Benedict XVI’s encyclical “Caritas in Veritate” (“Charity in Truth”) at a special meeting of the Senate on July 28. He said the encyclical was not calling for government control of the economy or the market, but for an awareness of the fact that democratic governments have an obligation to protect and promote the common good of their citizens, including their economic Catholic Youth Organization camp counselor Vicky Hathaway and 10-year-old Marissa Pate smile as they play in the pool at CYO Camp Rancho Framasa well-being. in Brown County. Marissa is one of about 35 children with disabilities who will enjoy a camping experience at Camp Rancho Framasa this summer In addition to asking governments to take thanks to the inclusive approach of the CYO Camp. their regulatory responsibilities seriously, the cardinal asked governments “to allow, or rather to favor, the birth and growth of a CYO Camp Rancho Framasa reaches out pluralistic financial market, a market in which subjects that have different goals for their activities can operate in conditions of to include children with disabilities parity.” In particular, he said, governments must By John Shaughnessy Organization Camp Rancho Framasa, mother. -
Finding Crispina Women’S Authority in the Early Church MARCH 27 - APRIL 3, 2019 27 - MARCH
ROME PILGRIMAGE 2019 Finding Crispina Women’s Authority in the Early Church MARCH 27 - APRIL 3, 2019 27 - MARCH FutureChurch’s 2019 Pilgrimage ROME, OSTIA March 27 - April 3, 2019 $2,500 (land only) $2,250 (until Dec. 31) NAPLES, POMPEII April 3 - 5, 2019 Educational Director Spiritual Director Optional Christine Schenk, CSJ Russ Petrus, M. Div. $800 (land and travel) EDUCATIONAL DIRECTOR CHRISTINE SCHENK, CSJ, is the founding direc- $720 (until Dec. 31) tor of FutureChurch. She led the organization from 1990-2013 and worked to transform Pay in full by December 31, 2018 a diocesan network of 28 parish councils and 100 parish leaders into an international organization of over 3500 parish-centered activists reflecting the values of Vatican II. and receive a 10% discount. Currently she writes an award-winning column “Simply Spirit” for the National Catholic Join Sr. Christine Schenk Reporter. Her groundbreaking book Crispina and Her Sisters: Women and Authority in Early Christianity details original research into iconic motifs of female authority found and Russ Petrus as we in early Christian art and archaeology. Published by Fortress Press, the book won the Catholic Press award in 2018. Chris created and led pilgrimages to Rome sites of women explore the lives of leaders in early Christianity in 2006, 2007, 2013, and 2014. Schenk is one of three nuns Crispina and Her featured in the award-winning documentary Radical Grace. Sisters - the women in SPIRITUAL DIRECTOR RUSS PETRUS currently serves as Associate Director for FutureChurch. He holds an M.Div. from Weston Jesuit School of Theology and the School early Christianity who of Theology and Ministry at Boston College. -
Courting Christianity for Political Gain? Religious Politics and The
Courting Christianity for Political Gain? Religious Politics and the Villa ofMaxentius on the Via Appia John Morgan Steinberg Anne E. Haeckl, Advisor, Department of Classical Studies A paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts at Kalamazoo College 2004 Table of Contents Table of Contents 11 Table of Illustrations 111 Preface IV Acknowledgements VII Introduction 1 Historical Background: The Tetrarchy and the Career of Maxentius 3 Romanitas, Paganism, in Maxentius' Intra-PomeriaI Building Program 8 Romanitas, Paganism, and Maxentius' Complex on the Via Appia 15 Christianity, Maxentius, and the Complex on the Via Appia 24 Conclusion 39 Bibliography 42 11 Table of Dlustrations Figure 1: The Roman Forum. 10 Maxentian buildings in red, Flavian buildings in blue. Fig. 2:, Maxentian coin depicting Maxentius on the obverse, 12 Roma on the reverse. c. 308-310. Fig. 3: The Villa of Maxentius 16 Fig. 4: The Via Appia 17 Fig. 5: Gold Maxentian coin. 21 Obverse: Maxentius as Hercules, Reverse: Maxentius with Roma Fig. 6: The Circus ofMaxentius and its 23 axial emphasis on the Mausoleum of Romulus Fig. 7: Sight Lines from Maxentius' pulvinar to various Christian Catacombs 35 111 Preface When I returned to Kalamazoo College in the Spring of 2003 after spending six months studying in Rome, I hardly expected that I would be returning to that city I fell in love with after only a matter of months. The Maxentius project, before I left for study abroad, had been little more to me than a collection of possibilities and optimistic what ifs. -
The Idea of Rome in Late Antiquity
The Idea of Rome in Late Antiquity Ioannis Papadopoulos Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of History December 2018 2 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Ioannis Papadopoulos to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2018 The University of Leeds and Ioannis Papadopoulos 3 4 I N M E M O R I A M This Thesis is dedicated to the loving memory of my grandfather Constantine Nicolaou (1920-2011) and of my father Chris Papadopoulos (1953-2017) who departed too early to see this work complete, marking the beginning and the end of this research. ‘‘Ἀθάνατος ψυχὴ κοὐ χρῆμα σόν, ἀλλὰ προνοίας, ἣ μετὰ σῶμα μαρανθέν, ἅτ’ ἐκ δεσμῶν θοὸς ἵππος, ῥηιδίως προθοροῦσα κεράννυται ἠέρι κούφῳ δεινὴν καὶ πολύτλητον ἀποστέρξασα λατρείην· σοι δὲ τι τῶνδ’ ὄφελος, ὅ ποτ’ οὐκετ’ ἐὼν τότε δόξεις; ἢ τι μετὰ ζῳοῖσιν ἐὼν περὶ τῶνδε ματεύεις;’’ Philostratus, Τὰ ἐς τὸν Τυανέα Ἀπολλώνιον, IX, 31 5 Abstract The aim of this research is to approach and analyse the manifestation and evolution of the idea of Rome as an expression of Roman patriotism and as an (urban) archetype of utopia in late Roman thought in a period extending from AD 357 to 417. -
Pagan and Christian Rome
PAGAN AND CHRISTIAN ROME BY RODOLFO LANCIANI AUTHOR OF "ANCIENT ROME IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT DISCOVERIES" PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY The Riverside Press, Cambridge 1893 Copyright, 1892, BY HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO. All rights reserved. The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Electrotyped and Printed by H.O. Houghton & Co. CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. The Transformation of Rome from a Pagan into a Christian City. 1 PAGAN AND CHRISTIANROME 1 The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pagan and Christian Rome, by Rodolfo Lanciani. CHAPTER II. Pagan Shrines and Temples. 51 CHAPTER III. Christian Churches. 107 CHAPTER IV. Imperial Tombs. 168 CHAPTER V. Papal Tombs. 209 CHAPTER VI. Pagan Cemetries. 253 CHAPTER VII. Christian Cemetries. 306 Ludi Sæculares, Inscription edited by Mommsen 362 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FULL-PAGE PLATES Battle between Constantine and Maxentius (from a painting by Giulio Romano, Fransesco Penni, and Raffaellino del Colle) (Heliotype) Frontispiece Arch of Constantine 20 The Translation of S. Cyril's Remains (fresco in S. Clemente. done at the order of Maria Macellaria) 32 The Western Summit of the Capitoline Hill 86 Panel from the Arch of Marcus Aurelius (Heliotype) 90 Plan of Schola above the Catacombs of Callixtus (from Nortet's Les Catacombes Romains 118 Plan of Old S. Peter's, showing its relation to the Circus of Nero 128 Plan of the Graves surrounding that of S. Peter discovered at the Time of Paul V. (from a rare engraving by Benedetto Drei, head master mason to the Pope. The site of the tomb of S. Peter and the Fenestella are indicated by the author) 132 CONTENTS 2 The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pagan and Christian Rome, by Rodolfo Lanciani.