ICS On-Site in the Vigna Randanini Catacomb, Fall 2001
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Catacombs of Rome
Catacombs of Rome The Catacombs of Rome (Italian: Catacombe di Roma) are ancient catacombs, underground burial places under Rome, Italy, of which there are at least forty, some discovered only in recent decades. Though most famous for Christian burials, either in separate catacombs or mixed together, people of all the Roman religions are buried in them, beginning in the 2nd century AD,[1] mainly as a response to overcrowding and shortage of land. The Etruscans, like many other European peoples, used to bury their dead in underground chambers. The original Roman custom was cremation, after which the burnt remains were kept in a pot, ash-chest or urn, often in a columbarium. From about the 2nd century AD, inhumation (burial of unburnt remains) became more fashionable, in graves or sarcophagi, often elaborately carved, for those who could afford them. Christians also preferred burial to cremation because of their belief in bodily resurrection at the Second Coming. The Park of the Caffarella and Colli Albani (Rome Metro) are nearby. The Christian catacombs are extremely important for the art history of Early Christian art, as they contain the great majority of examples from before about 400 AD, in fresco and sculpture, as well as gold glass medallions (these, like most bodies, have been removed). The Jewish catacombs are similarly important for the study of Jewish culture at this period. A number of dubious relics of A Procession in the Catacomb of catacomb saints were promoted after the rediscovery of the catacombs. Callixtus, 1905 by Alberto -
Rome in the First Century, and Later Between September 2Nd and 9Th a Newman Pilgrimage Toured Rome by Barry Riley
Rome in the First Century, and later Between September 2nd and 9th a Newman Pilgrimage toured Rome By Barry Riley Newman pilgrimages have visited Rome several times before but this time we proved deeper. We ventured into the depths of the cellars beneath Roman villas, into the lowest levels of Emperor Nero’s palace and into Jewish catacombs which few have entered for the past 1,600 years. We also descended to the level of gloomy basements where in the First Century Roman soldiers once worshipped Mithras, a God who came to earth to slay a bull. The group of some 25 pilgrims also, however, visited some more conventional attractions. Our chaplain, Mgr Patrick Kilgarriff, said Mass for us in the Crypt of St Perter’s (actually in the Irish Chapel there) and afterwards we had a guided tour of the basilica, with indications of where a number of Popes were buried. Interesting facts were pointed out to us, such as that almost all the pictures in St Peter’s are mosaics rather than paintings. Later in the week we returned to the Vatican for the evening opening of the Museum. This gave us the chance to visit the Sistine Chapel and there the tired Newman pilgrims sank gratefully on to the benches at the sides. Sitting, it was much easier to gaze up at the magnificent ceiling. All around hundreds of other visitors milled about, occasionally warned by guards to keep silent and not to use cameras. Jewish history in Rome A main theme of the pilgrimage was the early history of the Jews in Rome. -
The Eternal City: Rome for History Addicts! 7 Days
The Eternal City: Rome for History Addicts! 7 days Tour Description This 7 day, 6 night tour can be appreciated by anyone who loves history, young or old! Therefore, school groups, clubs, families or groups of friends can all likely extract ideas from the suggestions below. While the popular expression goes “all roads lead to Rome,” it could just as easily have been “Rome has a zillion monuments.” The magnitude of its cultural sites is so immense that it’s hard to wrap your head around it. That being said, even a history buff has to make choices in Rome! The itinerary below is based on a 6-night stay in Rome with many of the ancient capital’s must-see sights. While the attractions below are plentiful, we recommend striving for a pleasant pace; after all, it is your vacation. Should you want to extend your historical extravaganza by several days, we recommend you add the following ancient sites in Campania to your itinerary: Pompeii, Herculaneum and Paestum. Alternatively, if you don’t mind catching another flight, Sicily is a paradise for history fans and should absolutely be considered for a longer extension. Highlights Tour of iconic Colosseum Walking tour of central Rome’s top sights: Piazza Navona, the Pantheon, Campo de’ Fiori! Visit some of Italy’s best archaeological sites, including the Roman Forum and Ostia Antica Spend a morning in the Vatican Museums Explore the Emperor Hadrian’s astonishing villa Wander Rome’s ancient catacombs Sample Tour Itinerary Rome – 6 nights Day 1: Arrive in Rome Upon arrival to the Fiumicino Airport, you and your fellow history addicts will travel by private coach to your hotel in Rome, your epic base for the next six nights. -
The Alleged Persecution of the Roman Christians by the Emperor Domitian
Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses: Doctorates and Masters Theses 1-1-2005 The alleged persecution of the Roman Christians by the emperor Domitian Ken Laffer Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Laffer, K. (2005). The alleged persecution of the Roman Christians by the emperor Domitian. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/639 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/639 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Courts have the power to impose a wide range of civil and criminal sanctions for infringement of copyright, infringement of moral rights and other offences under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. -
The Discovery and Exploration of the Jewish Catacomb of the Vigna Randanini in Rome Records, Research, and Excavations Through 1895
The Discovery and Exploration of the Jewish Catacomb of the Vigna Randanini in Rome Records, Research, and Excavations through 1895 Jessica Dello Russo “Il cimitero di Vigna Randanini e’ il punto di partenza per tutto lo studio della civilta’ ebraica.” Felice Barnabei (1896) At the meeting of the Papal Commission for Sacred Archae- single most valuable source for epitaphs and small finds from ology (CDAS) on July 21,1859, Giovanni Battista de Rossi the site.6 But the catacomb itself contained nothing that was of strong opinion that a newly discovered catacomb in required clerical oversight instead of that routinely performed Rome not be placed under the Commission’s care.1 Equally by de Rossi’s antiquarian colleagues at the Papal Court. surprising was the reason. The “Founder of Christian Archae- On de Rossi’s recommendation, the CDAS did not assume ology” was, in fact, quite sure that the catacomb had control over the “Jewish” site.7 Its declaration, “la cata- belonged to Rome’s ancient Jews. His conclusions were comba non e’ di nostra pertinenza,” became CDAS policy drawn from the very earliest stages of the excavation, within for the next fifty years, even as three other Jewish cata- sight of the catacombs he himself was researching on the combs came to light in various parts of Rome’s suburbium.8 Appian Way southeast of Rome. They would nonetheless In each case, the discovery was accidental and the excava- determine much of the final outcome of the dig. tion privately conducted: the sites themselves were all even- The CDAS had been established just a few years before in tually abandoned or destroyed. -
The Distinctions Between the Jewish and Christian Communities in Ancient Rome As Observed in the Catacombs of the 2Nd Through 4Th Centuries C.E
Bates College SCARAB Standard Theses Student Scholarship 5-2015 Home of the Dead, Religions of the Living: The Distinctions between the Jewish and Christian Communities in Ancient Rome as Observed in the Catacombs of the 2nd through 4th Centuries C.E. Shoshana Foster Bates College Follow this and additional works at: http://scarab.bates.edu/cms_theses Recommended Citation Foster, Shoshana, "Home of the Dead, Religions of the Living: The Distinctions between the Jewish and Christian Communities in Ancient Rome as Observed in the Catacombs of the 2nd through 4th Centuries C.E." (2015). Standard Theses. 1. http://scarab.bates.edu/cms_theses/1 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Standard Theses by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Home of the Dead, Religions of the Living: The Distinctions between the Jewish and Christian Communities in Ancient Rome as Observed in the Catacombs of the 2nd through 4th Centuries C.E. A Senior Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Program in Classical & Medieval Studies Bates College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts By Shoshana Emma Foster Lewiston, Maine December 11, 2014 For Sumner and Sophie ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I use this opportunity to express my sincerest gratitude to everyone who helped me with my research and supported me throughout this process. I thank my advisor Professor Margaret Imber, who met with me, read drafts, and helped me work through this process. -
The Monteverde Jewish Catacombs on the Via Portuense
The Monteverde Jewish Catacombs on the via Portuense Jessica Dello Russo The author wishes to remember Gaetano Migliore (1740–1789), Nicolas Mueller (1857–1912), and Estelle Shohet Brettman (1925–1991) for many years of work on the Jewish catacombs, but only partial publication. “Non tocca a te portare termine al lavoro, ma neppure sei libero al punto di ritenertene dispensato.” A. Berliner, Storia degli Ebrei a Roma, Introduction, p. 6 !" FOUR CENTURIES OF STUDY OF THE into centuries of scholarship on the Christian catacombs of JEWISH CATACOMBS OF ROME" Rome.4 So vulnerable to the political and theological issues that permeated the pages of scholarship, this Jewish cata- Early-twentieth-century plans of Rome detail an intense comb—by virtue of its early discovery, extent, and, above all, period of construction on the southernmost slope of the destruction—should be seen, in a manner of speaking, as the Monteverde above the Circonvallazione Gianicolense.1 A “barometer” to measure the highs and lows of catacomb small cluster of paths next to deep, concave openings near research, and any one generation’s focus on issues that are in the bottom of the hillside, however, marked where the last many cases still unresolved today.5 Even in our own time, the excavated areas of an ancient Jewish cemetery had been seen Jewish catacombs risk “isolation” once again from our con- before its demolition.2 Leading up to that moment—a dev- tinued preoccupation with their “Jewishness”—on the astating landslide on October 14, 1928—were over three administrative as well as scholarly level—and need to be hundred years of exploration and spoliation of the site by examined in a more critical light for their structure, contents Rome’s elite. -
The Religion of Freelance Experts in Early Imperial Rome
AT THE TEMPLE GATES: THE RELIGION OF FREELANCE EXPERTS IN EARLY IMPERIAL ROME BY Heidi Wendt A.B., Brown University, 2004 M.T.S., Harvard Divinity School, 2007 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of PhilosoPhy in the Department of Religious Studies at Brown University PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2013 © Copyright 2013 by Heidi Wendt This dissertation by Heidi Katherine Wendt is accepted in its present form by the Department of Religious Studies as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Recommended to the Graduate School Date________________ _______________________________________________ Dr. Stanley K. Stowers, Advisor Date________________ _______________________________________________ Dr. Ross S. Kraemer, Advisor Date________________ _______________________________________________ Dr. John Bodel, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate School Date________________ _______________________________________________ Dean Peter Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Heidi Wendt was born May 12th 1982, in Bethesda, Maryland. After five years in Fairfax, VirGinia, her family moved to Danville, California, where she attended local public schools. In 2000, she entered Brown University as an underGraduate student. There she concentrated in International Relations and ReliGious Studies, with a focus on development and interactions between native reliGion and Christianity in West Africa that included field research in Ghana. After taking several reliGion courses with faculty whose expertise and research were in the ancient Mediterranean world, she grew increasingly interested in the Greco- Roman context of earliest Christianity. After graduating Magna Cum Laude from Brown in 2004, Heidi enrolled in Harvard Divinity School, where she studied reliGion in the Roman Empire with an interdisciplinary approach that included coursework in Roman art and archaeoloGy. -
Crypta Manent Rev2013
“CRYPTA MANENT”. The early Christians and the catacombs of the Ancient Rome. Project proposal for a performative, high technological archeological exhibition-path, installed inside a modern museum G. Laquidara PhD, M. Mazzi Boém, X23 Ltd - MIUR Research Archive # 60954DHH in Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Physics and Cybernetics, Science Networks, Non-linear and Complex Systems, Quantitative Financial Modeling, System Dynamics Qualitative Analysis (Rome, Salerno, I) giuseppe.laquidara @ x-23.org , marika.mazzi.boem @ x-23.org Abstract. Crypta Manent ‘013 aims to create a hybrid virtual-reality, immersive, and scenographic exhibition-space/path, representing a Catacomb of the Ancient Rome, installed inside a modern, itinerant museum. The resulting environment is dynamically connected to big open dataset [LOD], specific for the archeological Built Heritage, enriched with correlated media resources, aiming to process them in quasi-real time, through urgent computation algorithms, and live reproducing different path and archeo-environment live. The resulting experience touches every sense and stimuli [visual, acoustic, tactile, olfactory, cognitive and learning], coming to the "immersive" experiment, since a so called "tech-capsule" is installed reproducing in stereoscopic, immersive performance a real underground walkway, assisted by wearable devices. The dynamics of data streams coming from the set of Big Open Data, leads up to the experience to “5 dimensions”. General Premise. The catacombs of Imperial Rome represent at the maximum point, the most unique and precious, the journey of faith that characterised the early Christians of ancient Rome. A faith that found its expression in these alive and intense places, concealed and hidden, in which to observe Christian worship of the dead, but also to meet the celebrating moments of intense Christian life. -
Aus: Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik 101 (1994) 165–182
MARGARET H. WILLIAMS THE ORGANISATION OF JEWISH BURIALS IN ANCIENT ROME IN THE LIGHT OF EVIDENCE FROM PALESTINE AND THE DIASPORA aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 101 (1994) 165–182 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn 165 THE ORGANISATION OF JEWISH BURIALS IN ANCIENT ROME IN THE LIGHT OF EVIDENCE FROM PALESTINE AND THE DIASPORA* The bulk of the evidence for the Jewish community of Rome in early imperial times consists of the inscriptions from the three large Jewish funerary complexes that have been discovered to the north-east, south and south-west of the ancient city - the so-called Nomentana, Appian and Monteverde catacombs.1 In each of them, the synagogues to which some of the deceased belonged are referred to by name. From this, Leon, the author of the only detailed study to date of the inscriptional evidence from the Jewish catacombs of Rome, was led to believe that it was a Jew's synagogal membership there that determined his place of burial and that most synagogues only ever used one catacomb.2 (The counter view was that Jewish burials at Rome were organised somehow or other by a central body.)3 For Leon this synagogue-catacomb linkage was all-important. Central to his study was the idea that different sections of Roman Jewry possessed significantly different cultural characteristics. Statements like "the Appia group included the most Romanized congregations, the Monteverde the most conservative, and the Nomentana the most Hellenized and least Romanized" run like a refrain throughout the work.4 Thus the idea of a direct relationship between congregation and catacomb was fundamental to the under-pinning of his whole work. -
GENDER and REPRESENTATION in ANCIENT SYNAGOGUES Carrie Elaine Duncan a Dissertation Submitted To
THE RHETORIC OF PARTICIPATION: GENDER AND REPRESENTATION IN ANCIENT SYNAGOGUES Carrie Elaine Duncan A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Religious Studies Chapel Hill 2012 Approved by: Jodi Magness Elizabeth Clark Bart Ehrman Laura Lieber Zlatko Plese ©2012 Carrie Elaine Duncan ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT CARRIE ELAINE DUNCAN: The Rhetoric of Participation: Gender and Representation in ancient synagogues (Under the direction of Jodi Magness) Twenty four inscriptions from the late ancient Mediterranean world commemorate individual Jewish women using titles such as Head of the Synagogue, Elder, Mother of the Synagogue, and other terms seemingly indicative of religious leadership or authority. This project explores the social locations of these inscriptions’ production and display by considering issues such as geographical and chronological distribution, literacy and textuality, as well as visuality and non-verbal modes of communication. Whereas earlier studies asked whether these inscriptions prove that women acted as leaders in ancient synagogues, this study asks how inscriptions were read and seen by ancient audiences and what purposes the epigraphic representation of women served in ancient Jewish Diaspora communities. The question of women’s roles in ancient synagogues, rather than an end in itself, opens a wider door to explorations of gender and representation in the ancient world. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My gratitude towards those who have helped this project reach this point cannot be adequately expressed on paper. I am grateful for financial support from the University of North Carolina Graduate School in the forms of a Dissertation Research Fellowship in the fall of 2010 and a Paul C. -
Rome, the Eternal City
Chapter 9 – Rome, the Eternal City Flying into Rome, Italy aboard Alitalia. We were greeted at the airport by our tour director, Georgio: http://wigowsky.com/travels/GreeceRome/audios/rome1.wma (audio file) “Bongiorno (good morning), I’m Georgio (rolling his r’s). I’m going to be with you all the way to Venice, for those going that far. Some of you, two or three of you, are leaving early (after Rome). I’m not a tour guide, just a tour director, the kind that takes care of your itinerary. Anyway, welcome to Rome, Italy. Tomorrow, we’ll be visiting Ostia Antigua, the ancient Roman city. It used to be the ancient port and harbor. We’ll be driving for about 28 kilometers (17.8 miles) to the city. It will take us about 45 minutes, traffic permitting. Our driver’s name is Mauro. The agenda for today is easy. We are first going to the catacombs – Santa Domitilla. Once there we’ll be meeting four more fellows of our group. We’ll have a guided tour there. Afterwards, we’ll drive to the hotel Universo and check in. Tomorrow we’ll be very busy, and we’ll be leaving the hotel by 8:15am. We’ll be meeting our local guide, and then we’ll go to the Mamertine prison, and the Colosseum. That will be in the morning. In the afternoon, we’ll make our way to Ostia Antigua with the same guide. Any questions? Question: “What will the weather be like tomorrow?” Answer: “What is it you’re worrying about tomorrow? Think about today.