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SCHOLAR WARRIOR CENTRE for LAND WARFARE STUDIES New Delhi D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C CLAWS VI N CT IO OR VIS Y THROUGH D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE SCHOLARE S WARRIORC CENTRE FOR LANDCLAW WARS FARE STUDIES VI N CT IO OR VIS Y THROUGH D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C CLAWS VI N CT IO OR VIS Y THROUGH SCHOLAR WARRIOR CENTRE FOR LAND WARFARE STUDIES New Delhi EDITORIAL COMMITTEE ISSN: 2319 – 7331 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Lt Gen (Dr.) VK Ahluwalia PVSM, AVSM**, YSM, VSM (Retd) Director, CLAWS ND WA SUBSCRIPTION RATES EDITOR Col Ashwani GuptaLA RF R India: AR Rs. 500/- (Single Issue) Scholar Warrior is publishedO by the Centre for E Rs. 1000/- (2 Issues) F S Land Warfare StudiesE (CLAWS), New Delhi. SAARC Countries: TUS $15 (Single Issue) CLAWS is an independentR Think Tank dealing U with national securityT and conceptual aspects All Other Countries: US $20D (Single Issue) I of land warfare, includingN conventional & sub- E conventional conflictE and terrorism. CLAWS S conducts researchC that is futuristic in outlook and policy oriented in approach. CLAWS Vision: To establish CLAWS as a leading Think Tank in policy formulation on Land Warfare , National Security and Strategic Issues. For submission of articles, commentaries, review articles and book reviews, please contact [email protected] Mailing address Editor, SCHOLAR WARRIOR Centre for Land Warfare Studies CLAWS RPSO Complex, Parade Road New Delhi 110010, India. VI N Tele: +91-11-25691308, Fax:C +91-11-25692347 IO Email: [email protected] / S R Distributed V by:I [email protected] Y THROUGH Website: http://www.claws.in Army No. 33098 KW Publishers Pvt Ltd © Centre for Land Warfare Studies, New Delhi. 4676/21, First Floor Disclaimer: The contents of the Scholar Warrior Ansari Road, Daryaganj are based on the analysis of materials accessed New Delhi, 110002 from open sources and are the personal views Tele: +91-11-43528107 of the author. The contents, therefore, may not be quoted or cited as representing the Fax: +91-11-23263498 views or policy of the Government of India, or Email: [email protected] Integrated Headquarters of MoD (Army), or Website: www.kwpub.com the Centre for Land Warfare Studies. Contents From the Desk of the Editor v SECTION I ä NATIONAL Security, LAND Warfare AND Strategy AND WARF • Does Credibility MatterR inL International Politics?A R 2 Harsha Kakar O E F S • Employment ofE Mechanised Forces in Restrictive Terrain T 10 R U Poshuk AhluwaliaT D • Covid-19 Nand its Global Implications: Reading the Impact FactorIE 28 E S Amrita CJash • Armed Forces Modernisation: Optimisation is the Key 39 Ashwani Gupta SECTION II ä REGIONAL NEIGHBOURHOOD • China’s 2020 Aggression and Indian Response 50 PC Katoch • Constraining the Pakistani Military-Jihadi Complex 59 Pranay Kotasthane • Countering Chinese Tanks in the Himalayas 70 KJ Singh CLAWS • Enhancing the Strategic Petroleum Reserves: VI N A Significant PlayerCT in India’s Energy Security AmbitionsIO 75 OR VIS Vishakh Krishnan ValiathanY THROUGH SECTION III ä Military Technology • Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Future Conflicts 86 Ashminder Singh Bahal • NavIC: Impact and Footprint on Strategic and Tactical Level Precision Targeting by Artillery 97 Gagandeep Singh • Absorption of Technology: Need for Change Management in the Indian Armed Forces During Induction of Modern Weapon Systems 108 Ranjan Prabhu scholar warrior • Firepower and Technology: Need for A Change 114 Raghunandan MC SECTION IV ä Military History AND Motivation • Kashmir 1991-92: A High Stakes Challenge Posed by the Proxy War 124 JJ Singh • Bravest of the Brave 134 Team 22 GRENADIERS SECTION V ä Commentaries AND BOOK Reviews Commentaries AND WAR • Centre of Gravity Construct:R L Mechanics, ManifestationFAR and Imperatives for theO Indian Armed Forces E 142 F S Kunendra SinghE Yadav T R U • Biological WarfareT and Bio-Terrorism D 150 Anil ChopraN IE E S Book ReviewsC • Unrestricted Warfare 160 Kanchana Ramanujam • China 2020: The next decade for the People’s Republic of China 166 Sriparna Pathak • The China Pakistan Economic Corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative-Concept, Context and Initiative 170 PK Mehta CLAWS VI N CT IO OR VIS Y THROUGH iv ä AUTUMN 2020 ä scholar warrior scholar warrior From the Desk of the Editor The standoff with China in Ladakh and a ‘bloody nose’ to the PLA in June 2020 is testimony to the valour and braveryD of Wour soldiers who are a creed apart. The LAN ARFA battle-hardened soldiersO Rare at home in all types of terrain;RE be it’s deserted, to the jungles of northeast F or the icy heights of Galwan Valley. IndianS Army’s tough E T stand has forcedR PLA to disengage and Corps Commander levelU meetings are taking place to moveT towards the status quo of earlier times. BanningD of Chinese N I apps by the government and cancellation of contracts has had Ea worldwide E S ripple effectC and other nations have followed forcing China to bear the wrath of nations post COVID-19. The changing world order and new alliances or groupings form the theme of two articles in the National Security, Land Warfare and Strategy Section. The challenges and payoffs of employment of armour in restrictive terrain and modernisation efforts of the Indian Army forms the balance of the first section. The second section on Regional Neighbourhood focusses on Chinese aggression and India’s response strategy, confronting Chinese mechanised forces in case of any PLA intrusions, understanding the Military-Jihadi Complex in Pakistan and ways to neutralise their impact and the last article tackles India’s energyCLAW securityS and need to develop sufficient reserves. VI N The third section CdwellsT on Military Technology and WarIO Systems. Here, the focus is on emerging artificialOR intelligence and itsV applicationIS in our context, Y THROUGH followed by the emergence and the impact of NavIC on precision targeting by artillery on strategic and tactical levels. The next two articles discuss change management in armed forces for technology absorption and a relationship between firepower and technology. The fourth section dwells in Military History and here we cover reminiscences of our former CAOS on terrorism in Kashmir Valley besides paying homage to the braveheart, 2Lt Rakesh Singh, Ashok Chakra (Posthumous). The last section covers two articles on understanding the ‘Centre of Gravity’ and the impact of biological warfare and bio-terrorism. The three scholar warrior ä AUTUMN 2020 ä v scholar warrior book reviews form an interesting study of Chinese asymmetric warfare thought process, prediction of Chinese actions written a decade earlier and the CPEC impact. We solicit details of unit-level actions and acts of valour of our soldiers which, at times, miss out the limelight due to unforeseen constraints. The acts of valour of all our heroes need to be highlighted and we will be happy to publish these. This edition of SW is balanced, insightful, and all-encompassing. Happy Reading !! D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N I Col AshwaniE Gupta E S C Editor CLAWS VI N CT IO OR VIS Y THROUGH vi ä AUTUMN 2020 ä scholar warrior CENTRE FOR LAND WARFARE STUDIES (CLAWS) RPSO Complex, Parade Road, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi-110010 Tel: 9311950042, Fax: 91-11-25692347 Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://claws.in MEMBERSHIP DETAILS The Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi is an Independent think- tank dealing with national security and conceptual aspects of land warfare, including conventional, sub-conventional conflict and terrorism. CLAWS conducts research that is futuristic in outlook and policy oriented in approach. The vision of the CLAWS is to developAND a ‘strategic WAR culture’ to bring about synergy in decision making both at nationalR L and operational levels.F ASinceR its inception, CLAWS has established itself as one ofO the leading ‘think tanks’ in the country.E To achieve its vision, F S CLAWS conducts seminarsE (at Delhi and with commands), round Ttable discussions and meetings with academiaR and intellectuals of strategic community bothU from India and abroad. CLAWS Talso comes out with a number of publications pertainingD to national and regional securityN and various issues of land warfare. IE E S Members are Cinvited to all CLAWS seminars/round table discussions (details regarding impending events are communicated to all members through e–mail. Information also available on our website, http://claws.in). For the benefit of members, who cannot attend various events, reports are forwarded through e-mail. Members are sent copies of the bi-annual CLAWS Journal & Scholar Warrior, occasional (Manekshaw) Papers and given membership of the CLAWS Library. From 01 January 2020, certain occasional papers would be made available to the members digitally only. Eligibility: Individual Membership y Life Membership: All serving and retired officers of the Indian Army.(Discount: 20% for YOs – First year of service) CLAWS y Annual Membership: All serving and retired officers of the Indian Army. Institutional MembershipV IC N Corporate / InstitutionalT Membership IO OR VIS y All formations, units and establishmentsY THRO ofU theG IndianH Army. y Representatives nominated by name accepted by the BoG/Trustees by any organization, institution, or diplomatic mission based in India. Associate Membership y Vice Chancellor of University and Heads of Departments of Defence Studies, military correspondents of Indian Newspapers, magazine and news agencies distinguished persons associated with the fields. Research fellows and media persons may be granted membership as approved by the BoG/ Trustees from time to time.
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