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Social Penetration and Police Action: Collaboration Structures in the Repertory of Gestapo Activities
Social Penetration and Police Action: Collaboration Structures in the Repertory of Gestapo Activities KLAUS-MICHAEL MALLMANN* SUMMARY: The twentieth century was "short", running only from 1914 to 1990/ 1991. Even so, it will doubtless enter history as an unprecedented era of dictatorships. The question of how these totalitarian regimes functioned in practice, how and to what extent they were able to realize their power aspirations, has until now been answered empirically at most highly selectively. Extensive comparative research efforts will be required over the coming decades. The police as the key organization in the state monopoly of power is particularly important in this context, since like no other institution it operates at the interface of state and society. Using the example of the Gestapo's activities in the Third Reich, this article analyses collaboration structures between these two spheres, which made possible (either on a voluntary or coercive basis) a penetration of social contexts and hence police action even in shielded areas. It is my thesis that such exchange processes through unsolicited denunciation and informers with double identities will also have been decisive outside Germany in the tracking of dissident behaviour and the detection of conspiratorial practices. I do not think it is too far-fetched to say that the century which is about to end will go down in history as the era of dictatorships. But a social history of this state-legitimized and -executed terror, let alone an interna- tional comparison on a solid -
German History Reflected
The Detlev Rohwedder Building German history reflected GFE = 1/2 Formathöhe The Detlev Rohwedder Building German history reflected Contents 3 Introduction 44 Reunification and Change 46 The euphoria of unity 4 The Reich Aviation Ministry 48 A tainted place 50 The Treuhandanstalt 6 Inception 53 The architecture of reunification 10 The nerve centre of power 56 In conversation with 14 Courage to resist: the Rote Kapelle Hans-Michael Meyer-Sebastian 18 Architecture under the Nazis 58 The Federal Ministry of Finance 22 The House of Ministries 60 A living place today 24 The changing face of a colossus 64 Experiencing and creating history 28 The government clashes with the people 66 How do you feel about working in this building? 32 Socialist aspirations meet social reality 69 A stroll along Wilhelmstrasse 34 Isolation and separation 36 Escape from the state 38 New paths and a dead-end 72 Chronicle of the Detlev Rohwedder Building 40 Architecture after the war – 77 Further reading a building is transformed 79 Imprint 42 In conversation with Jürgen Dröse 2 Contents Introduction The Detlev Rohwedder Building, home to Germany’s the House of Ministries, foreshadowing the country- Federal Ministry of Finance since 1999, bears wide uprising on 17 June. Eight years later, the Berlin witness to the upheavals of recent German history Wall began to cast its shadow just a few steps away. like almost no other structure. After reunification, the Treuhandanstalt, the body Constructed as the Reich Aviation Ministry, the charged with the GDR’s financial liquidation, moved vast site was the nerve centre of power under into the building. -
Abbreviations Used in Notes and Bibliography
Abbreviations Used in Notes and Bibliography AUA-M Air University Archive, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama ANL Archives Nationales Luxembourg BaB Bundesarchiv Berlin BaMF Bundesarchiv Militärarchiv Freiburg BaZnsA Bundesarchiv Zentralnachweisestelle Aachen GHM German History Museum Berlin HsaD Hauptstaatsarchiv Düsseldorf HasH Hauptstaatsarchiv Hannover HSaM Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg HStAWi Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden HIADL Hoover Institute Archives, Stanford Library, Daniel Lerner Collection IWML Imperial War Museum London IfZM Institut für Zeitgeschichte München IMTN International Military Tribunal Nuremberg LaSaar Landesarchiv Saarland LaSpey Landesarchiv Speyer LWVH Landeswohlfahrtsverband Hessen MHAP Military Historical Archive, Prague NAA National Archives of Australia NAL National Archives Kew Gardens, London NAW National Archives Washington D.C. OKaW Österreichisches Kriegsarchiv Wein ÖStA Österreichisches Staatsarchiv Vienna PMGO Provost Marshall General’s Office (U.S.A) SaL Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg SaW Staatsarchiv Würzburg SAB State Archive Bydgoszcz, Poland TBJG Elke Frölich, Die Tagbücher von Joseph Goebbels: Im Auftrag des Institute für Zeitsgeschichte und mit Unterstützung des Staatlichen Archivdienstes Rußlands. Teil II Dikate 1941–1945 (Münich 1995–1996). WLC Weiner Library Collection 191 Notes Introduction: Sippenhaft, Terror and Fear: The Historiography of the Nazi Terror State 1 . Christopher Hutton, Race and the Third Reich: Linguistics, Racial Anthropology and Genetics in the Third Reich (Cambridge 2005), p. 18. 2 . Rosemary O’Kane, Terror, Force and States: The Path from Modernity (Cheltham 1996), p. 19. O’Kane defines a system of terror, as one that is ‘distinguished by summary justice, where the innocence or guilt of the victims is immaterial’. 3 . See Robert Thurston, ‘The Family during the Great Terror 1935–1941’, Soviet Studies , 43, 3 (1991), pp. 553–74. -
Roma and Sinti Under-Studied Victims of Nazism
UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES Roma and Sinti Under-Studied Victims of Nazism Symposium Proceedings W A S H I N G T O N , D. C. Roma and Sinti Under-Studied Victims of Nazism Symposium Proceedings CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM 2002 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council or of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Third printing, July 2004 Copyright © 2002 by Ian Hancock, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Michael Zimmermann, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Guenter Lewy, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Mark Biondich, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Denis Peschanski, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Viorel Achim, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by David M. Crowe, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Contents Foreword .....................................................................................................................................i Paul A. Shapiro and Robert M. Ehrenreich Romani Americans (“Gypsies”).......................................................................................................1 Ian -
Lives Reclaimed - a Story of Rescue and ReSisTance in Nazi Germany
LIVES RECLAIMED - A STORY OF RESCUE AND RE SIS TANCE IN NAZI GERMANY MARK ROSEMAN METROPOLITAN BOOKS Henry Holt and Com pany New York 020-78547_ch00_5P.indd 7 6/7/19 5:39 AM 1 - Years of Innocence Origins of the Bund An explosion of revolutionary hopes followed the fall of the Wilhelmine monarchy in November 1918. No one embodied the radical aspirations of the moment better than Artur Jacobs, a charismatic thirty- eight- year- old with boundless optimism and self- confidence. Born in 1880 into modest circumstances in Elberfeld, a small town in the Wupper Valley, Artur went on to attend higher secondary school (in German, “Gymnasium”) and uni- versity, and eventually found his vocation as a high school teacher. Artur was inspired by socialism’s promise of social justice and by the verve and in de pen dence of the burgeoning German youth movement. In the spirit of the latter, he aimed to do away with the obligation of formal re spect traditionally accorded the teacher, hoping instead to inspire his students with his magnetism and mentorship. Personality, not credentials, would affirm his claim to lead. Impatient, impassioned, careless about propriety (he once, for example, took a group of girls on a hiking trip during which teacher and pupils all slept in the same barn), compelling to those who accepted his leadership and dismissive of those who did not, Artur was a controversial figure among staff, pupils, and parents alike.1 In the turmoil after World War I, Artur’s hope for an educational revo- lution that would lead to societal transformation was widely shared in 020-78547_ch01_5P.indd 11 6/7/19 5:39 AM 12 LIVES RECLAIMED Germany. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Acknowledgments vii List of Abbreviations ix Introduction 1 Varieties of Anti-Nazi Resistance 4 Sources of Resistance: Jewish, Youth, Leftist Movements 6 Chapter 1: Assimilation and Alienation: The Origins and Growth of German-Jewish Youth Movements 11 The Jewish Experience in Germany 12 Assimilation: An Uneasy Balance 14 German and German-Jewish Youth Groups, 1900-1933 15 German-Jewish Youth Groups, 1933-1939 19 Socialism and Jewish Youth Politics 22 Chapter 2: Neither Hitler Nor Stalin: Resistance by Dissident Communists and Left-Wing Socialists 27 End of Weimar Democracy and the Emergence of Left Splinter Groups 33 The “Org” (Neu Beginnen) 34 Decline and Demise of the Org 40 The Left Opposition in Berlin 41 Clandestine Activities of the Left Oppositionists 44 Jews in Socialism’s Left Wing 47 Chapter 3: Repression and Revival: Contradictions of the Communist-led Resistance in Berlin 57 Initial Setbacks and Underground Organization 58 Stalin-Hitler Treaty: Disorientation and Accommodation 61 German Marxism and the “Jewish Question” 63 Jews in Berlin’s Communist-led Resistance 67 Communist Politics: Weapon or Obstacle? 73 vi Jewish, Leftist, and Youth Dissidence in Nazi Germany Chapter 4: “Thinking for Themselves”: The Herbert Baum Groups 81 Herbert Baum: Origins and Influences 83 Baum and the Structure of His Groups, 1933-1942 86 Toward Anti-Nazi Action 91 Chapter 5: “We Have Gone on the Offensive”: Education and Other Subversive Activities Under Dictatorship 95 Persecution and Perseverance 96 Heimabende: Underground -
The History Management of the East-‐‑Elbian Nobility After 1945
THE HISTORY MANAGEMENT OF THE EAST-ELBIAN NOBILITY AFTER 1945 Paul Christopher Johannes Schönberger St Catharine’s College October 2017 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Paul Christopher Johannes Schönberger The History Management of the East-Elbian Nobility After 1945 Abstract This thesis undertakes a critical analysis of the history management of the East-Elbian nobility. Its central hypothesis is that noble families throughout the second half of the twentieth century deliberately sought to steer and control the public commemoration of their caste. These efforts were a concerted assault on widely held views about the place of the nobility in recent history, and specifically, about their culpability in the disasters that brought about war, defeat and moral shame to Germany. The first phase of noble history management concerned an expressed ‘resistance against Hitler’ alignment and self-distancing from the regime. The second phase of history management strategically employed autobiographical and family chronicles to construct an image of a modest and industrious elite, deeply rooted in the ancient traditions and virtues of an apolitical East- Elbian estate society. This dissertation argues that the process of history management continued after German reunification in 1989-1990, when many former refugee families returned to their old estates in East Elbia. i For my parents ii Acknowledgements The final draft of an academic text is a lonesome endeavour; its genesis, however, is the work of many. During the course of this thesis, I have amassed more intellectual debts than I can ever repay. First and foremost, this applies to the ceaseless support of my supervisor Sir Christopher Clark. -
Sport Under Unexpected Circumstances
26 mm Gregor Feindt / Anke Hilbrenner / Dittmar Dahlmann (eds.) The Editors Sport under Unexpected Gregor Feindt is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Leibniz Institute of European History in Mainz. Anke Hilbrenner is professor for East European History at the Circumstances University of Göttingen. Dittmar Dahlmann is professor emeritus for East European Violence, Discipline, and Leisure in Penal History at the University of Bonn. and Internment Camps VERÖFFENTLICHUNGEN DES INSTITUTS FÜR EUROPÄISCHE GESCHICHTE MAINZ, BEIHEFTE BAND 119 This volume studies the irritating fact of sport in penal and internment camps as an important insight into the history of camps. The authors enquire into case studies of sport being played in different forms of camps around the globe and throughout the twentieth century. They challenge our under- standing of camps, question the dichotomy of insiders and outsiders, inner-camp hierarchies, and the everyday experi- ence of violence. Sport under UnexpectedSport Circumstances under Dahlmann (eds.) Dahlmann / Hilbrenner / Feindt Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Europäische Geschichte Mainz Abteilung für Universalgeschichte Herausgegeben von Johannes Paulmann Beiheft 119 Sport under Unexpected Circumstances Violence, Discipline, and Leisure in Penal and Internment Camps Edited by Gregor Feindt, Anke Hilbrenner, and Dittmar Dahlmann Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data available online: https://dnb.de. © 2018, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Theaterstraße 13, D-37073 Göttingen This publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives 4.0 International license, at DOI 10.13109/9783666310522. For a copy of this license go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. -
Reunified Germany's Selective Commemoration of Resisters To
Colby College Digital Commons @ Colby Honors Theses Student Research 2007 Obstacles and Stepping Stones to the Hero’s Pedestal: Reunified Germany’s Selective Commemoration of Resisters to National Socialism Suzanne J. Swartz Colby College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses Part of the History Commons Colby College theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed or downloaded from this site for the purposes of research and scholarship. Reproduction or distribution for commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the author. Recommended Citation Swartz, Suzanne J., "Obstacles and Stepping Stones to the Hero’s Pedestal: Reunified Germany’s Selective Commemoration of Resisters to National Socialism" (2007). Honors Theses. Paper 277. https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses/277 This Honors Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Colby. Obstacles and Stepping Stones to the Hero’s Pedestal: Reunified Germany’s Selective Commemoration of Resisters to National Socialism Suzanne Swartz Senior Honors Thesis in History Thesis Advisor: Professor Raffael Scheck Colby College 2006-07 Swartz 1 “You could not endure the shame; you resisted; you gave the great, eternally vital sign of 1 change, sacrificing your glowing lives for freedom, justice, and honor.” 1 Translation of the plaque in the center of the courtyard at the Memorial to German Resistance in Berlin;, where a firing squad murdered four army officers for their role in the most famous plot to kill Hitler on July 20, 1944. -
The Genocide and Persecution of Roma and Sinti. Bibliography and Historiographical Review Ilsen About & Anna Abakunova
International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance The Genocide and Persecution of Roma and Sinti. Bibliography and Historiographical Review Ilsen About & Anna Abakunova O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N March 2016 About the IHRA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an intergovernmental body whose purpose is to place political and social leaders’ support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance and research both nationally and internationally. IHRA (formerly the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research, or ITF) was initiated in 1998 by former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. Persson decided to establish an international organization that would expand Holocaust education worldwide, and asked then President Bill Clinton and former British Prime Minister Tony Blair to join him in this effort. Persson also developed the idea of an international forum of governments interested in discussing Holocaust edu- cation, which took place in Stockholm between 27-29 January 2000. The Forum was attended by the repre- sentatives of 46 governments including; 23 Heads of State or Prime Ministers and 14 Deputy Prime Ministers or Ministers. The Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust was the outcome of the Forum’s deliberations and is the foundation of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. IHRA currently has 31 member countries, ten observer countries and seven Permanent International Partners. Members must be committed to the Stockholm Declaration and to the implementation of national policies and programs in support of Holocaust education, remembrance, and research. -
German Historical Institute London Bulletin Vol 28 (2006), No. 1
German Historical Institute London Bulletin Volume XXVIII, No. 1 May 2006 CONTENTS Seminars 3 Article Security as a Culture: Reflections on a ‘Modern Political History’ of the Federal Republic of Germany (Eckart Conze) 5 Review Articles Foreign Policy in the Late Middle Ages (Karsten Plöger) 35 Palimpsests of Memory (Kay Schiller) 47 Book Reviews Bernd Roeck, Das historische Auge: Kunstwerke als Zeugen ihrer Zeit. Von der Renaissance zur Revolution (Lee Palmer Wandel) 61 Jeroen Duindam, Vienna and Versailles: The Courts of Europe’s Dynastic Rivals, 1550–1780; Andreas Pecar,ˇ Die Ökonomie der Ehre: Der höfische Adel am Kaiserhof Karls VI. (1711–1740) (Michael Schaich) 69 Ursula Goldenbaum, Appell an das Publikum: Die öffentliche Debatte in der deutschen Aufklärung 1687–1796 (Avi Lifschitz) 79 Gerhard Hirschfeld, Gerd Krumeich, and Irina Renz, in conjunction with Markus Pöhlmann (eds.), Enzyklopädie Erster Weltkrieg (Lothar Kettenacker) 87 (cont.) Contents Martin Baumeister, Kriegstheater: Großstadt, Front und Massen- kultur 1914–1918 (Jan Rüger) 92 Robert Gerwarth, The Bismarck Myth: Weimar Germany and the Legacy of the Iron Chancellor (Eberhard Kolb) 99 Frank-Rutger Hausmann (ed.), with the assistance of Elisabeth Müller-Luckner, Die Rolle der Geisteswissenschaften im Dritten Reich 1933–1945; Karl-Heinz Schoeps, Literature and Film in the Third Reich (Michael Butler) 103 Nikolaus Wachsmann, Hitler’s Prisons: Legal Terror in Nazi Germany (Jürgen Zarusky) 113 Conference Reports The Cultural History of Diplomacy, 1815–1914 (Markus Mößlang and Torsten Riotte) 120 Fourth Workshop on Early Modern German History (Michael Schaich) 127 Social Stereotypes and History (Matthias Reiß ) 132 Noticeboard 143 Library News Recent Acquisitions 159 2 SEMINARS AT THE GHIL SUMMER 2006 2 May CHRISTIANE EISENBERG (Berlin) Commerce and Culture in Britain: A German View Christiane Eisenberg has been Professor of British History at the Centre for British Studies of the Humboldt University of Berlin since 1998. -
University Teaching About the Holocaust in Germany
University teaching about the Holocaust in Germany Verena Nägel and Lena Kahle Verena Nägel and Lena Kahle University teaching about the Holocaust in Germany Translated into English by Roderick Miller Project leader: Nicolas Apostolopoulos Academic advisor: Johannes Tuchel Data gathering assistant: Belinda Nüssel Translator: Roderick Miller Editor (German text): Karolin Nedelmann Design: Center for Digital Systems January 2018 Freie Universität Berlin ISBN 978-3-96110-170-2 http://doi.org/10.17169/refubium-253 Thanks to the interviewed experts Frank Bajohr, Wolfgang Benz, Nicolas Berg, Christina Brüning, Sascha Feuchert, Norbert Frei, Susanne Heim, Peter Klein, Andrea Löw, Martin Lücke, Cornelia Siebeck, Stefanie Schüler-Springorum and Susanne Rohr for their time, patience, and openness. Thanks to Nicolas Apostolopoulos, Wiebke von Bernstorff, Sören Carlson, Anna Maria Droumpouki, Elvira Glück, Klaus Herrmann, Denise Klinge, Peter Kompiel, Carla MacDougall, Roderick Miller, Andreas Nachama, Cord Pagenstecher, Marco Pardemann, Doris Tausendfreund, Johannes Tuchel, and Dorothee Wein for their support. Sponsored by: The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany und der Freien Universität Berlin Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Current Research Status ..........................................................................................................................................