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T.C. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Arkeoloji Anabilimdali Pisidia Bölgesi Roma Impara

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T.C. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Arkeoloji Anabilimdali Pisidia Bölgesi Roma Impara T.C. SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ARKEOLOJİ ANABİLİMDALI PISIDIA BÖLGESİ ROMA İMPARATORLUK DÖNEMİ YOLLARI SERAP AĞGÜL 1230231531 YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ DANIŞMAN Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Ahmet MÖREL ISPARTA 2019 1 TEZ SAVUNMA TUTANAĞI i SÜLEYMAN DEMİRELÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ YEMİN METNİ Yüksek Lisans tezi olarak sunduğum “Pisidia Bölgesi Roma Dönemi İmparatorluk Yolları” adlı çalışmanın, tezin proje safhasından sonuçlanmasına kadarki bütün süreçlerde bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı düşecek bir yardıma başvurulmaksızın yazıldığını ve yararlandığım eserlerin Bibliyografya’da gösterilenlerden oluştuğunu, bunlara atıf yapılarak yararlanılmış olduğunu belirtir ve onurumla beyan ederim. Serap AĞGÜL ii (AĞGÜL Serap, Pisidia Bölgesi Roma Dönemi Yolları, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Isparta, 2019) ÖZET Pisidia Bölgesi Torosların oluşturduğu dağlık konumu gereği yerel kültür özelliklerini koruyabilmiştir. Bilimsel çalışmalarla yeni yeni gün yüzüne çıkan Pisidia Bölgesi araştırılması gereken çok fazla sorulara sahiptir. Bu sorulardan biri bölge genelinde yol sisteminin gelişimi ve bu sistemin uygarlıklar tarafından ne amaçlarla kullanıldığı olmuştur. Tezin ortaya çıkmasında etkin olan bu soru çok geniş bir dönemi kapsayacağından, bölgede planlı yol sistemi olarak inşa edilmiş olan Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi yol ağları incelenmiştir. Askeri amaç güden bu yolların aynı zamanda ticari olarak da önemli oldukları ve bölge ekonomisinde üstlendiği kritik rolün ve kültürel anlamda bölgeye kattıklarının ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. “Pisidia Bölgesi Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Yolları” bölgenin yol sistemlerini kara yollarının açıklanmasına yönelik yapılmış bir çalışmadır. Daha önce bölgede yapılan yol araştırmaları Pisidia bölgesinin genelini bir bütün halinde ele almamış, sadece bölgesel araştırmalar sürdürülmüştür. Tez çalışması sırasında 19. yüzyılın başından başlayarak söz konusu bölgede yapılan, özellikle Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Yolları ile ilgili çalışmalar güncel literatür de takip edilerek bir araya getirilmiştir. Bu bilgiler bir araya getirilirken özellikle miltaşlarının incelenmesi ve tablolanması çalışmanın daha anlaşılır olmasını sağlamıştır. Yürütülen çalışmalarda bir araya getirilen veriler göstermektedir ki,, Anadolu’nun tamamında Hititler ile birlikte devlet otoritesinin başladığı süreçten itibaren, merkezi bir yönetimin varlığı ile birlikte yollar sistemli olarak inşa edilmeye başlanmıştır. Denetlenmesi ve güvenliklerinin sağlanması bir yönetim politikası olarak benimsenmiştir. Pisidia Bölgesi için Roma İmparatorluk Döneminde en önemli yol ise Via Sebaste’dir. Bu kapsamda dağlık bir bölgenin yol akslarının çözümlenmesi ile Pisidia Bölgesi’nin iç kısımlarında kalan yerleşimlerin ana yol ağı olan Via Sebaste’ye nasıl iii ilişkilendirilebileceği tez içerisinde çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Asıl amacı kara yolları olan tez içerisinde nehir ve göl taşımacılığı ile ilgili bölgenin güzergâhlarına da değinilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler Pisidia, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi, Via Sebaste, Miltaşı, Yol Ağları iv (Roads of Roman Period in Pisidia Region, Master's Thesis by AĞGÜL Serap, Isparta 2019) ABSTRACT “Roads of Roman Imperial Period in Pisidia Region” is a study which has been prepared to explain the systems of the region. Previous road surveys in the region did not include the entire Pisidia, but only local studies were conducted. In the scope of this thesis, the surveys especially about the paths of Roman Imperial Period from the beginning of 19th century, were brought together from the road current literature. Especially the examination and tabulation of milestones made the study more successful while these information were gathered. A table of milestones developed during our study, helps to understand the road system of the region. Pisidia Region has been able to preserve its local cultural characteristics due to the mountainous position of the Taurus Mountains. Pisidia Region has many questions to be searched. One of these questions is the development of the road systems throughout the region and how this system has been used by diffirent civilizations occupied the region. This question is the subject of this thesis, which, the road networksnets of the Roman Imperial Period, that make itself felt as the best planned system in the region. At the same time, it is intended to address the commercial importance and their critical role in the regional economy and their contribution to the region in terms of cultural activities and military purposes. The roads system have entered a systematic order by the presence of a central government. The roads system of the region has been systematically organized since the Hittetie Period. Inspecting and ensuring their security were adopted as a management policy. The most important line for the region during the Roman Imperial Period was Via Sebaste. Therefore, in this thesis, we tried to examine how the settlements in the inner parts of Pisidia can be connected to Via Sebaste, the main road work, by analyzing the v path axes of the mountainous region. In the thesis which accepts highways as a main study, the routes of the river and lake transportation of the region concerned. Key Words Pisidia, Roman Imperial Period, Via Sebaste, Milestone, Road Network vi İÇİNDEKİLER TEZ SAVUNMA TUTANAĞI .................................................................................... i YEMİN METNİ .......................................................................................................... ii ÖZET.......................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ v İÇİNDEKİLER ......................................................................................................... vii KISALTMALAR ....................................................................................................... ix HARİTALAR DİZİNİ ................................................................................................ x RESİMLER DİZİNİ .................................................................................................. xi ÖNSÖZ ..................................................................................................................... xiv GİRİŞ .......................................................................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM PSIDIA BÖLGESİ’NİN TARİHİ COĞRAFYA AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ 1. PISIDIA BÖLGESİ COĞRAFİ DURUMU ............................................................... 6 2. PISIDIA BÖLGESİ’NİN TARİHÇESİ ..................................................................... 7 3. PISIDIA BÖLGESİ ARAŞTIRMA TARİHÇESİ .................................................... 14 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM ROMA İMPARATORLUĞU'UNDA YOL KAVRAMI VE İMPARATORLUK EYALETLERİNDE ANA YOL AĞLARI 1. ANTİK DÖNEMDE YOL KAVRAMININ GELİŞİMİ .......................................... 19 2. ROMA İMPARATORLUĞUNDA YOL YAPIMINDA SORUMLU MEMURLAR, YÖNETİCİLER VE YOL TERİMLERİ ......................................... 26 3. ROMA CUMHURİYET VE İMPARATORLUK DÖNEMİ YOLLARI.................. 29 3.1. BATI AVRUPA YOLLARI ...................................................................... 29 3.1.1. Via Appia ............................................................................................ 29 3.1.2. Via Flaminian ..................................................................................... 29 3.1.3. Via Aemilia ......................................................................................... 30 3.1.4. Via Agrippa ve Via Domitia ................................................................ 30 3.1.5. Via Germanica .................................................................................... 31 3.1.6. Via Herculea (Via Augusta) ................................................................ 32 3.1.7. Via Britannia ....................................................................................... 33 3.2. DOĞU AVRUPA ve BALKANLARDAKİ YOLLARI ............................. 34 3.2.1. Via Egnatia ......................................................................................... 35 3.2.2. Via Militaris ........................................................................................ 36 3.2.3. Via Domitiana ..................................................................................... 36 3.3. KUZEY AFRİKA YOLLARI .................................................................... 37 vii 3.3.1. Via Claudia ......................................................................................... 37 3.3.2. Via Hadriana ....................................................................................... 38 3.3.3. Via Maris ve Via Traiana Nova ........................................................... 39 3.4. ASIA MINOR’DAKİ ROMA İMPARATORLUK DÖNEMİ YOLLARI ... 40 3.5. ROMA İMPARATORLUK DÖNEMİ YOLLARININ VIA SEBASTE İLE OLAN BENZERLİKLERİ ......................................................................... 42 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM PISIDIA BÖLGESİ ROMA İMPARATORLUK DÖNEMİ YOL AĞLARI 1. VIA SEBASTE ....................................................................................................... 44 2. KUZEY PISIDIA YOL AĞLARI ........................................................................... 57 3. EĞİRDİR GÖLÜ GÜNEYİ VE DOĞUSUNDAKİ YOLLAR ................................ 74 4. ORTA PISIDIA YOL AĞLARI
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