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Pazifik aktuell Nr. 86 / Mai 2011 DEVFISH verlängert Wiederaufforstungs- PAZIFIK IM ÜBERBLICK Projekte gestartet Die Europäische Union (EU), die „Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Im Rahmen des diesjährigen „In- Agency“ (FFA) und das „Sekreta- ADB finanziert ternationalen Jahr des Waldes riat der Pazifischen Gemein- 2011“ hat das Sekretariat der Pa- erneuerbare Energien schaft“ (SPC) haben im März mit zifischen Gemeinschaft (SPC) der zweiten Phase ihres Projek- Pläne vorgestellt, wonach Wälder Die Asiatische Entwicklungsbank tes „DEVFISH“ begonnen. auf der Phosphatinsel Nauru und (ADB) hat Anfang April ein Fi- auf den Salomonen wiederaufge- nanzpaket in Höhe von 12,4 Milli- Das Projekt „Development of Tu- forstet werden sollen. In onen US-Dollar geschnürt, um na Fisheries in the Pacific ACP- Workshops soll die lokale Bevöl- fünf pazifische Inselstaaten beim Countries“ (DEVFISH) läuft be- kerung in die Anpflanzungspro- Umstieg auf erneuerbare Ener- reits seit 2005 und bezieht sich jekte miteinbezogen werden, so gien zu unterstützen. Bei den ge- auf die finanzielle Unterstützung Cenon Padolina, der regionale förderten Staaten handelt es sich der EU im Hinblick auf die Ent- Wald-Koordinator der SPC in Fi- um die Cookinseln, Papua- wicklung nachhaltiger Tunfischfi- dschi. Das Pflanzen ursprünglich Neuguinea, Samoa, Tonga und scherei und der Kontrolle illegaler auf den Inseln beheimateter Vanuatu. Diese Inseln sind nach Fischfangflotten im Pazifik. Schösslinge von Teak, Eukalyp- ADB-Angaben in besonderem Das von der EU finanzierte Pro- tus und Mahagoni sei ein Beitrag Maße abhängig von der Einfuhr jekt soll pazifischen Ländern ei- der SPC zum Jahr des Waldes, fossiler Treibstoffe (meist Diesel) nen fairen Anteil an den Gewin- erklärte Padolina. Wichtig sei zur Energiegewinnung. Die nen aus den Tunfischexporten si- auch, die Bevölkerung von der enorm gestiegenen Kosten für chern. Für das nun für weitere Bedeutung des Waldes zu über- fossile Brennstoffe auf dem fünf Jahre verlängerte Projekt zeugen. Viele Menschen fällten Weltmarkt wirkten sich negativ DEVFISH II stellt die Europäische wahllos zur Holzgewinnung Bäu- auf die wirtschaftliche Entwick- Union weitere 8,2 Millionen Euro me und wüssten nicht, wie wichtig lung der Inselstaaten aus und zur Verfügung. diese für ein gesundes Ökosys- verhinderten eine stabile Wirt- tem seien, bemängelte der Wald- schaftslage, so Robert Kesterton, DEVFISH wird gemeinsam ver- Koordinator. (Radio Australia 24.04.11, der Energiebeauftragte für die waltet von der FFA und der SPC http://www.un.org/en/events/iyof2011/) Region Ozeanien bei der ADB. und hat folgende Inhalte: - Förderung nationaler Mit den Entwicklungshilfegeldern, Handlungsstrategien zur nachhal- PCC kritisiert Schweigen die aus dem asiatischen Fonds, tigen Bewirtschaftung der Tun- des PIF zur japanischen dem Fonds für Umweltschutz, fischbestände Nuklearkatastrophe dem „Asia Clean Energy Fund“ - Transparenz bei der Ver- und von der australischen Regie- gabe von Fischfanglizenzen an Die „Pacific Conference of Chur- rung stammen, sollen in einem Unternehmen und private Fischer ches“ (PCC) hat das Schweigen ersten Schritt Energieberater fi- - Hilfe bei der Vergabe des des Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) nanziert werden, die eine nach- Prüfsiegels für Tunfisch, ohne zu der Katastrophe im japani- haltige Energiepolitik für die ein- das ein Export in Länder der EU schen Atomkraftwerk Fukushima zelnen Staaten entwickeln sollen. nicht möglich ist infolge des verheerenden Erdbe- Dabei geht es vor allem darum, - Stärkung des Exports bens und Tsunamis, welches das Bereiche zu identifizieren, in de- - Nutzung neuer Technolo- Land heimgesucht hat, verurteilt. nen die Staaten extrem abhängig gien bei der Verarbeitung des von fossilen Treibstoffen sind und Tunfischs Die Mitgliedsstaaten des Forums zu eruieren, wo ein Umstieg auf - Unterstützung kleiner Fi- hätten ein Anrecht auf verlässli- die Nutzung erneuerbarer Ener- schereiunternehmen che Informationen und Berichte gien möglich ist. In einem zweiten - Überwachung und Kon- über nukleare Kontaminationen Schritt soll die Lokalbevölkerung trolle der Gewässer durch das Unglück in dem japani- zum Energiesparen ermutigt wer- - Unterstützung regionaler schen Kraftwerk, sagte der Gene- den. Außerdem will man über die Kooperation bei der Überwa- ralsekretär des PCC, Fei Tevi. Vorteile regenerativer Energien chung. Das Forum hätte seiner Verant- aufklären. (http://www.ffa.int/devfish, http://www.spc.int/en/component/content/arti wortung besser nachkommen cle/379-devfish-creates-economic-benefits- Das Projekt läuft bei der ADB im müssen, Japan zu einem verant- for-pacific-islands.html, http://www.illegal- wortungsvolleren Umgang mit der Programmbereich „Promoting fis- Energy Efficiency in the Pacific hing.info/item_single.php?item=news&item_i Katastrophe, welche den gesam- d=4910&approach_id=21) ten Pazifik bedrohe, aufzufordern, (Phase 2)“. (http://www.adb.org/Media/Articles/2011/135 sagte Tevi. Dies gelte insbeson- 23-pacific-energies-efficiencies/, Flash dere auch auf Grund der eigenen d’Océanie 11.04.11) Geschichte des Forums und der 1 Pazifik aktuell Nr. 86 / Mai 2011 anti-nuklearen Identität der Regi- den. Diese beiden Länder verfü- on, die sich unter anderem in gen über langjährige Erfahrungen MELANESIEN dem vom Forum initiierten und in der Entsendung von Arbeits- 1985 beschlossenen „South Paci- migranten und konnten den Ver- fic Nuclear Free Zone Treaty“ tretern der teilnehmenden Pazi- (der so genannte „Treaty of Raro- fikstaaten wertvolle Anregungen PAPUA-NEUGUINEA tonga“) widerspiegelt. (Artikel von geben. Folgende Pazifikstaaten Pazifik-Netzwerk-Mitglied Oliver Hasen- waren bei dem Treffen vertreten: Ex-Premier wird kamp; Quelle: Islands Business 21.4.2011) Kiribati, Papua-Neuguinea, Salo- Aufsichtsratmitglied bei monen, Tuvalu, Samoa, Vanuatu Minenbesitzer und Tonga. (Matangi Tonga 12.05.11, Diskussion über http://www.dol.govt.nz/initiatives/strategy/rse Arbeitsmigranten /index.asp, Sir Rabbie Namaliu ist Anfang http://www.workreadyvanuatu.com/aboutthe scheme/) März in den Aufsichtsrat von Mitte Mai fand in der tongaischen „Bougainville Copper Limited“ Hauptstadt Nuku’alofa das erste (BCL) berufen worden. Peter Tay- „Pacific Labour-Sending Count- Regierung bietet lor, der Aufsichtsratsvorsitzende von BCL, begrüßte die Berufung ries Forum“ teil. Thema des Tref- Umsiedlung an fens waren Chancen und Heraus- des ehemaligen Premierministers forderungen für Arbeitsmigranten, von Papua-Neuguinea. Namaliu Die Regierung der Salomonen die aus kleineren pazifischen In- sei ein erfahrener Staatsmann mit hat Inselbewohnern im Südosten selstaaten für einen definierten großer ministerieller Erfahrung der Insel Malaita Hilfe bei der Zeitraum zur Ausübung einer und ein engagierter Bürger Neu- Umsiedlung angeboten. Der Äl- Hilfstätigkeit nach Neuseeland guineas, erklärte Taylor. teste der Dorfgemeinschaften auf und Australien reisen. Dabei ging dem Atoll Fanalei, Chief Wilson es vor allem um die großen Erfol- Namalius Berufung muss zu- Filai, begrüßte die Unterstützung ge des so genannten „Recogni- nächst noch bei der nächsten der Regierung. Seit Jahren litten zed Seasonal Employer Scheme Jahreshauptversammlung von die Atollbewohner von Fanalei to New Zealand“ (RSE) und des BCL von den Aktionären bewilligt und Walande unter dem Anstieg „Pacific Seasonal Workers Pilot werden. Wenn die Aktionäre zu- des Meeresspiegels. Auf den In- Scheme to Australia“, das die An- stimmen, ist Namaliu für zunächst seln mangele es an Trinkwasser, zahl saisonaler Arbeitskräfte aus drei Jahre in den Aufsichtsrat ge- einem funktionierenden Abwas- pazifischen Anrainerstaaten und wählt. Er hat dann die Option, sersystem, Infrastruktur und ei- deren Aufenthaltsdauer (z.B. sich für weitere drei Jahre wie- nem Gesundheitssystem. Viele während der Kiwi-Ernte oder der derwählen zu lassen. Als Mitglied Frauen und Kinder hätten des- Weinlese) in Neuseeland und des Aufsichtsrates ist Namaliu halb bereits Fanalei verlassen Australien reguliert. Unter diesem u.a. für das Audit von BCL zu- und seien auf das Festland um- Programm arbeiten derzeit 9.000 ständig. Über Namalius Bezüge gezogen. Pazifikinsulaner in Neuseeland, wurde nichts bekannt. darunter rund 1.000 Tonganer Der salomonische Umweltminis- und Ni-Vanuatus. Tonga nimmt Info: Der 1947 in der Provinz East ter Moffat Fugui hatte sich bei ei- seit vier Jahren an den Arbeits- New Britain (Insel Neubritannien) nem Vor-Ort-Besuch von der La- migrations-Programmen teil. Mitte geborene Namaliu gehört dem ge der Atollbewohner überzeugt Mai wurde bekannt, dass erst- Volk der Tolai an. Er studierte in und anschließend bekanntgege- mals auch Papua-Neuguinea mit Port Moresby und an der „Univer- ben, dass die Regierung die Um- Beginn der diesjährigen Erntesai- sity of Victoria“ (Kanada) Politik- siedlung finanzieren würde. Das son Hilfskräfte entsenden darf. wissenschaften und arbeitete vor Geld dafür kommt aus dem Topf seiner politischen Karriere als der Europäischen Union, die den Eingeladen zu dem Treffen hatte Dozent an der Universität von Salomonen 30 Millionen US- die Weltbank, die die Arbeits- Papua-Neuguinea. 1982 wurde er Dollar für Projekte im Kampf ge- migrationsprogramme finanziell für den Wahlkreis Kokopo (bei gen die Auswirkungen des Kli- fördert. Dr. Majula Luthria, Wirt- Vunapope auf Neubritannien) in mawandels zugesagt hatte. schaftswissenschaftlerin bei der das Parlament von PNG gewählt. Weltbank, erklärte, man sei über- Michael Somare ernannte ihn zu Fugui erklärte, einen Großteil die-
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    Devpolicy Blog from the Development Policy Centre Australian aid | PNG and the Pacific | Global development policy http://www.devpolicy.org The (soft) power and the passion: challenges to anti-corruption activism in PNG Author : Grant Walton Date : February 19, 2016 While organised ‘civil society’ is relatively weak, Papua New Guinea has a long history of anti-corruption activism. The churches, unions, landowner groups, students as well as local and international NGOs have all been involved in fighting abuses of power. And there has been some success. In 1997, concerns about corruption fuelled protest towards the government’s attempt to bring in mercenaries to fight the civil war in Bougainville, which became known as the Sandline Affair. This led to the resignation of the then prime minister Sir Julius Chan. In 2005 a Community Coalition Against Corruption (including NGOs like Transparency International PNG and the churches) helped scupper two parliamentary bills aimed at reducing the power of the Ombudsman Commission and increasing Members of Parliament's constituency funds. They collected tens of thousands of signatures, which were presented to parliament. (This only temporarily stopped the rise of discretionary funding as these funds have grown exponentially since 2013). The propensity for citizens to resist corruption should have increased since these success stories, as access to the internet has spread throughout the country. Citizens are now better informed about alleged corruption than ever before. However, questions remain about the willingness of citizens to en masse protest the country’s many corruption scandals. My research with anti-corruption activists in Port Moresby suggests this is because the PNG state is still central to shaping citizens’ responses to corruption.
  • Papua New Guinea

    Papua New Guinea

    Papua New Guinea KEY FACTS Joined Commonwealth: 1975 Population: 7,321,000 (2013) GDP p.c. growth: 1.9% p.a. 1990–2013 UN HDI 2014: World ranking 157 Official language: English Time: GMT plus 10 hrs Currency: Kina (K) Geography Area: 462,840 sq km Coastline: 5,150 km Capital: Port Moresby The Independent State of Papua New Guinea in the South Pacific shares a land-border with Indonesia; its other near neighbours are commercial demand for tropical timber; Arawa (on Bougainville, 38,600), Mount Australia to the south and Solomon Islands to pollution from mining projects; and severe Hagen (Western Highlands, 29,176), Madang the east. drought. (Madang, 29,100), Wewak (East Sepik, Papua New Guinea includes the eastern half Vegetation: Rich and very varied: five kinds 27,031), Goroka (Eastern Highlands, 16,700), of the world’s second biggest island, New of lowland, and 13 kinds of mountain Kimbe (on New Britain, 16,004), Daru (Fly Guinea, bordering the Indonesian province of rainforest, five kinds of palm and swamp River, 14,373), Vanimo (Sandaun, 13,357), Irian Jaya to the west. The rest of the country forests, three differing mangrove forests, and Alotau (Milne Bay, 12,628), Kundiawa is made up of about 600 small islands, the the world’s greatest variety of orchid species. (Simbu, 11,455), Popondetta (Oro, 10,200), chief of which are the Bismarck Archipelago, Forest covers 63 per cent of the land area, Kavieng (on New Ireland, 9,900), Bulolo the Trobriands, the Louisiade Archipelago, the having declined at 0.5 per cent p.a.