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Index ability and interoperability 277 Austria 113, 150, 156, 177, 182, 192–4, access, non-discriminatory 43, 46, 201 303–21, 333 authorization process 286–9, 291–2, accounting separation 56, 68, 356–7 293, 294, 299, 300 acquisitions 182–9 autonomy, managerial 90–108 ‘additivity principle’ 326, 332, 338 auto transportation 240, 343, 346 Adelaide–Darwin 262 availability-based concessions 250, Adif 199 253, 255, 260, 268, 269 ageing population 30 avoidable cost principle 350 airport rail links (ARLs) 250, 252, 253, 268, 269 bankruptcies 98 air transport 127–8, 130, 343, 346, Banverket 58 359 Baritaud, M. 325 Alexandersson, G. 2, 59, 103–4, BBG (Federal Railways Act/ 106 Bundesbahngesetz) 192 Allais, Maurice 324, 330, 336 BCG study 102 Alleo 181 BDZ Cargo 154 alliances 179–82, 318 Beacon Rail 224 Alpha Trains 222 Beckers et al. 175 Amtrak 241, 343 Belgium 16, 113, 151, 153, 308 Angel 211, 223, 224 benchmark competition 242, 245 Arenaways 176, 196 Beria et al. 70 Arlanda Express 262, 263, 267 BLS AG 243 Arriva 100–101, 182, 202, 312, 313 BNA (Bundesnetzagentur) 307 Arriva RP 192 bottlenecks, monopolistic 42, 43, 48 Artesia 180 BRC 154 Arup 223 Brisbane Airtrain 262 asset management 227, 229 Britain see UK asset-only PPPs 252 British Rail 59, 61 assets brownfield concessions 270 return 317–18 BTRE 297 value 314–16, 320 Bulgaria 100, 154 ATOC (Association of Train Operating bundled regimes 82–3 Companies) 221, 223, 227 bus access 312–13 Augusta 193 business diversification 350, 360 Australia 222, 234, 261, 262, 297, 342, Butcher, L.
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