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Inside This Issue: Portive of the Idea of a Merger Into Sea Completely
DutchovenArt Newsletter “Down memory lane the culinary way.” Volume 1– Issue 23 - October, 2014 Flevoland is a province of the Neth- der (Northeast polder). polders revealed many wrecks of Almere is a planned city and municipality in erlands. Located in the centre of the This new land included aircraft that had crashed into the the province of Flevoland, the Netherlands, country, at the location of the former the former islands of IJsselmeer bordering Lelystad and Zeewolde. The mu- Zuiderzee, the province was estab- Urk and Schokland and it was includ- during World nicipality of Almere comprises the districts lished on 1 January 1986; the twelfth ed in the province of Overijssel. After War II, and also Almere Stad, Almere Buiten, Almere Ooster- province of the country, with Lelystad this, other parts were reclaimed: the fossils of Pleis- wold (design phase) and Almere Pampus as its capital. The province has ap- South-eastern part in 1957 and the tocene mammals. (planned for future). and the boroughs of proximately 394,758 inhabitants South-western part in 1968. There Almere Haven, Almere Hout and Almere In February 2011, Flevoland, together Poort. (2011) and consists of 6 municipali- was an important change in these with the provinces of Utrecht and ties. post-war projects from the earlier Almere is the newest city in the Netherlands: North Holland, showed a desire to Noordoostpolder reclamation: a the first house was finished in 1976, and History investigate the feasibility of a merger narrow body of water was preserved Almere became a municipality in 1984. It is between the three provinces. -
Centenary of the Zuiderzee Act: a Masterpiece of Engineering
NEWS Centenary of the Zuiderzee Act: a Masterpiece of Engineering The Dutch Zuiderzee Act came into force exactly 100 years ago today, on 14 June 1918. The Zuiderzee Act signalled the beginning of the works that continue to protect the heart of The Netherlands from the dangers and vagaries of the Zuiderzee, an inlet of the North Sea, to this day. This amazing feat of engineering and spatial planning was a key milestone in The Netherlands’ world-leading reputation for reclaiming land from the sea. Wim van Wegen, content manager at ‘GIM International’, was born, raised and still lives in the Noordoostpolder, one of the various polders that were constructed. He has written an article about the uniqueness of this area of reclaimed land. I was born at the bottom of the sea. Want to fact-check this? Just compare a pre-1940s map of the Netherlands to a more contemporary one. The old map shows an inlet of the North Sea, the Zuiderzee. The new one reveals large parts of the Zuiderzee having been turned into land, actually no longer part of the North Sea. In 1932, a 32km-long dam (the Afsluitdijk) was completed, separating the former Zuiderzee and the North Sea. This part of the sea was turned into a lake, the IJsselmeer (also known as Lake IJssel or Lake Yssel in English). Why 'polder' is a Dutch word The idea behind the construction of the Afsluitdijk was to defend areas against flooding, caused by the force of the open sea. The dam is part of the Zuiderzee Works, a man-made system of dams and dikes, land reclamation and water drainage works. -
CHRISTOPHE VAN GERREWEY: ATTRACTING LIGHTNING LIKE a LIGHTNING ROD from ANTONY GORMLEY: EXPOSURE, the Municipality of Lelystad
CHRISTOPHE VAN GERREWEY: ATTRACTING LIGHTNING LIKE A LIGHTNING ROD From ANTONY GORMLEY: EXPOSURE, The Municipality of Lelystad, The Netherlands, 2010 'The landscape disturbs my thought,' he said in a low voice. 'It makes my reflections sway like suspension bridges in a furious current.' - Franz Kafka [1] Yet another work of art graces the public space of the Netherlands - but maybe EXPOSURE by Antony Gormley is different to the rest? Its location certainly is a quintessential example of what we have come to understand as Dutch space: manmade, surrounded by water, flat, open, and with a horizon showing not even a hint of a wrinkle anywhere. EXPOSURE stands in a place that did not exist fifty years ago, a place that was unreachable then, at the bottom of the Zuiderzee, the former large sea inlet of the Netherlands. It stands at the end of a dam that stretches into the water, parallel to the coast of Lelystad, the capital of the newest province of the Netherlands: Flevoland. This province came into being in the middle of the twentieth century, as a result of a special form of territorial expansion: not war, annexation, trade or barter, but by the creation of the very ground, by reclaiming the land from the water. People have only been living in Lelystad since the late 1960s. In 1980 the settlement became a proper community and currently numbers 75,000 inhabitants. It is no coincidence that in a country where so much public space is created and designed by man, the events which are to take place in this said space are handled with similar efficiency, foresight and care. -
3. the Political Genealogy of the Zuiderzee Works: the Establishment of a Safety Discourse∗
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) From flood safety to risk management The rise and demise of engineers in the Netherlands and the United States? Bergsma, E.J. Publication date 2017 Document Version Other version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Bergsma, E. J. (2017). From flood safety to risk management: The rise and demise of engineers in the Netherlands and the United States?. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:26 Sep 2021 3. The political genealogy of the Zuiderzee Works: The establishment of a safety discourse∗ Abstract This chapter analyzes the relationship between experts and policymakers in the policymaking process of the Dutch Zuiderzee Works (the construction of the Afsluitdijk and related land reclamations in the former Zuiderzee) that took place from 1888-1932. -
Community Ownership of Large-Scale Wind Farm Developments
Community ownership of large-scale wind farm developments Can community ownership improve the public acceptance of large-scale wind farm developments in the Netherlands? 12-7-2019 By Sofiane Ghenam – S2719940 Supervision: Terry van Dijk Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Master programme: Environmental and Infrastructure planning List of tables and figures Figure 1: Conceptual model of shareholding use in wind farm developments ................................... 10 Figure 2: General overview of the assessed areas for the individual cases ........................................ 17 Figure 3: Windplan Noordoostpolder and the randomly generated points ....................................... 19 Figure 4: Windplan Wieringermeerpolder and the randomly generated points ................................ 21 Figure 5: Windpark Windplan Groen and the randomly generated points ......................................... 23 Figure 6: Windpark Windplan Blauw and the randomly generated points......................................... 25 Figure 7: Windpark Windplan Blauw and the randomly generated points ......................................... 27 Tabel 1: Summary of the included cases ........................................................................................... 16 Tabel 2: General attitudes of the wind farm developments ..............................................................28 Tabel 3: Attitude results over time .................................................................................................... 30 Tabel 4: Opinions of community -
1 Typical Dutch Tutorial Afsluitdijk (Enclosuredam) the Afsluitdijk (Dutch Pronunciat
Typical Dutch Tutorial http://matchthememory.com/ TypicalDutchNL2 Afsluitdijk (Enclosuredam) The Afsluitdijk (Dutch pronunciation: [ ˈɑf.slœyd. ˌdɛik], English: Enclosure Dam) is a major causeway in the Netherlands, constructed between 1927 and 1933 and running from Den Oever on Wieringen in North Holland province, to the village of Zurich in Friesland province, over a length of 32 kilometres (20 mi) and a width of 90 m, at an initial height of 7.25 m above sea-level. It is a fundamental part of the larger Zuiderzee Works, damming off the Zuiderzee, a salt water inlet of the North Sea, and turning it into the fresh water lake of the IJsselmeer. Beside the dike itself there was also the necessary construction of two complexes of shipping locks and discharge sluices at both ends of the dike. The complex at Den Oever includes the Stevin lock (named after Hendrik Stevin, a son of mathematician and engineer Simon Stevin) and three series of five sluices for discharging the IJsselmeer into the Wadden Sea; the other complex at Kornwerderzand is composed of the Lorentz locks (named after Hendrik Lorentz, the famous physicist, who personally did the calculations of the tides that were crucial to the construction of the Afsluitdijk) and two series of five sluices, making a total of 25 discharge sluices. It is necessary to routinely discharge water from the lake since it is continually fed by rivers and streams (most notably the IJssel river that gives its name to the lake) 1 and polders draining their water into the Ijsselmeer. Deltawerken (Delta works) For the past 2000 years, the inhabitants of the Netherlands have often had to cope with flood disasters. -
CT4460 Polders 2015.Pdf
Course CT4460 Polders April 2015 Dr. O.A.C. Hoes Professor N.C. van de Giesen Delft University of Technology Artikelnummer 06917300084 These lecture notes are part of the course entitled ‘Polders’ given in the academic year 2014-2015 by the Water Resources Section of the faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology. These lecture notes may contain some mistakes. If you have any comments or suggestions that would improve a reprinted version, please send an email to [email protected]. When writing these notes, reference was made to the lecture notes ‘Polders’ by Prof. ir. J.L. Klein (1966) and ‘Polders and flood control’ by Prof. ir. R. Brouwer (1998), and to the books ‘Polders en Dijken’ by J. van de Kley and H.J. Zuidweg (1969), ‘Water management in Dutch polder areas’ by Prof. dr. ir. B. Schulz (1992), and ‘Man-made Lowlands’ by G.P. van der Ven (2003). Moreover, many figures, photos and tables collected over the years from different reports by various water boards have been included. For several of these it was impossible to track down the original sources. Therefore, the references for these figures are missing and we apologise for this. We hope that with these lecture notes we have succeeded in producing an orderly and accessible overview about the genesis and management of polders. These notes will not be discussed page by page during the lectures, but will form part of the examination. March 2015 Olivier Hoes i Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Geology and soils of the Netherlands 3 2.1 Geological sequence of soils -
Daan Roosegaarde Inundates the Netherlands with a 'Virtual Flood' the Netherlands - Culture of Living with Water
Daan Roosegaarde Inundates the Netherlands with a 'Virtual Flood' The Netherlands - culture of living with water Trade, negotiations and crafts, stubbornness, luck and faith. Below sea level: 26% Managing risks and uncertainties. Above sea level: 29% Born and raised below sealevel Outside the dykes: 3% Meuse outside the dykes: 1% Liable to flooding: 59% County of Holland, 16th Century Woodcut by Sebastian Münster SAFETY: DIKE SYSTEM - 22.000 kilometers of dikes, dunes and levees DUTCH WATER NETWORK (1953) > BUILDING CANALS (1869: ‘Apeldoorns kanaal’) Zuiderzee works 1916 flood • Response: Zuiderzee works • Enclosure dam of Zuiderzee and 5 polders 1953 Post 1953: Delta works + new safety strategy • Delta commission • Delta works scheme • Closing off estuaries • Compartimention works • Shorter coast line and fresh water reservoirs • New closure techniques, • New safety strategy • National dike designs based on frequency of water levels Maeslantkering (1997) BUILDING WITH NATURE ‘room for the river’ Argument of ¥ € $ Make money with waterstructures ECOLOGY AND AN ECONOMY ADDS UP TO MOBILITY WATER INFRASTRUCTURE: ‘TREKVAARTEN’ WATER CONNECTS ECONOMY AND ECOLOGY I > maintaining and enhancing the Dutch country (polders) > maintaining and enhancing watersafety (network of dykes, coast, deltawerken) > waterquantity and waterquality next to and connected to safety WATER CONNECTS ECONOMY AND ECOLOGY II > investing now in a robust and resilient way will prevent costs with future disasters > integrating investments builds a robust environment where quality, safety and economic assets merge and deliver > a safe region is attractive for investors Argument it looks ugly Integration with urban development Flexible measures? Building with Nature! MAASVLAKTE ROTTERDAM: HARBOR EXPANSION ROTTERDAM: HARBOR & CITY, CITY & HARBOR . -
The Struggle for the Markerwaard
The Struggle for the Markerwaard An analysis of changing socio-technical imaginaries on land reclamation during the late 20th century in the Netherlands 1 Final research master thesis Author: Siebren Teule Supervisor: dr. Liesbeth van de Grift Research-master History Utrecht University Word-count: 36749, excluding footnotes and bibliography) Date: July 17th, 2020 Front-page images: Figure above: The monument on the Enclosure Dam, commemorating the Zuiderzee construction process. It depicts the labourers who worked on the Dam, and a now-famous phrase: A living people build their own future (‘Een volk dat leeft bouwt aan zijn toekomst’).1 Figure below: While airplanes fly across carrying banners with slogans against the reclamation, the last gap in the Houtribdijk between Enkhuizen and Lelystad is closed in the presence of minister Westerterp (TWM) on September 4th, 1975.2 1 Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Afsluitdijk_monument.jpg. 2 Photo: Dick Coersen (ANP), Nationaal Archief/Collectie Spaarnestad. 2 Acknowledgements This thesis is the final product of six months of research, and two years of exploring my own interests as part of Utrecht University’s research-master History. During the past months, I have found the particular niches of historical research that really suit my research interests. This thesis is neatly located in one of these niches. The courses, and particularly my internship at Rijkswaterstaat in the second half of 2019, aided me greatly in this process of academic self-exploration, and made this thesis possible. There are many people who aided me in this process, either by supervising me or through discussions. -
Northern Lake Ijssel Tour - 6 Dagen
Northern Lake IJssel Tour - 6 dagen DUTCH BIKETOURS - EMAIL: [email protected] - TELEPHONE +31 (0)24 3244712 - WWW.DUTCH-BIKETOURS.COM Northern Lake IJssel Tour 6 days, € 505 Introduction Ride your bike on the loveliest and quietest roads and bike tracks a cyclist could possibly hope for. The historical landscape around the former Zuiderzee, the many old fishing and trading towns on its shores all have a story to tell. The diverse and attractive scenery on this tour will never cease to surprise and delight you. As on all our carefree cycle tours, we provide luggage transfer and excellent accommodation. In collaboration with: Day to Day Day 1 Arrival in Harderwijk Arrival in Harderwijk Day 2 Harderwijk - Enkhuizen 61 km The first leg of your tour will take you through Flevo Polder, the newest part of the Netherlands, reclaimed from the sea! The route takes you through woods and farmland to the town of Lelystad, named after the architect of the Zuiderzee Works, Mr. Cornelis Lely. Museum Nieuwland explains how the Flevo Polder came to be and how it affected the people who used to live by the sea. A 32- km dike will take you across the waters to the lovely town of Enkhuizen, steeped in history. Day 3 Enkhuizen - Oudemirdum 38 km For a history lesson go to ZuiderzeeMuseum in Enkhuizen. It boasts a recreated village of old, complete with craftsmen in traditional costume. You can also learn about the trading routes sailed by seafaring villagers from the shores of the Zuiderzee: For centuries, dried fish and Edam cheese were exported all over Europe; grain from Poland was shipped to Italy; wine shipped back to Amsterdam etc. -
Cost-Benefit Analysis for Flood Risk Management and Water
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Cost-benefit analysis for flood risk management and water governance in the Netherlands; an overview of one century Bos, Frits and Zwaneveld, Peter CPB Netherland Bureau For Economic Policy Analysis August 2017 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/80933/ MPRA Paper No. 80933, posted 20 Dec 2017 16:44 UTC Paper to be presented at the 19th BIOECON Conference, Tilburg, 20-22 September 2017 Cost-benefit analysis for flood risk management and water governance in the Netherlands; an overview of one century Frits Bos and Peter Zwaneveld CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis 1 Abstract The Netherlands is a global reference for flood risk management. This reputation is based on a mix of world-class civil engineering projects and innovative concepts of water governance. For more than a century, cost-benefit analysis has been important for flood risk management and water governance in the Netherlands. It has helped to select the most effective and efficient flood risk projects and to coordinate and reconcile the interests of various policy areas, levels of government and private stakeholders. This paper provides for the first time an overview of this well-developed practice. This includes the cost-benefit analysis in the 1901 act for enclosure of the Zuiderzee, van Dantzig’s famous formula for the economically optimal strength of dikes and a whole set of cost-benefit analyses for More room for rivers and the Delta Program for the next century. Dutch practice illustrates how cost-benefit analysis can support and improve flood risk management and water governance; other countries may learn from this. -
Water Management in the Netherlands
Water management in the Netherlands The Kreekraksluizen in Schelde-Rijnkanaal Water management in the Netherlands Water: friend and foe! 2 | Directorate General for Public Works and Water Management Water management in the Netherlands | 3 The Netherlands is in a unique position on a delta, with Our infrastructure and the 'rules of the game’ for nearly two-thirds of the land lying below mean sea level. distribution of water resources still meet our needs, but The sea crashes against the sea walls from the west, while climate change and changing water usage are posing new rivers bring water from the south and east, sometimes in challenges for water managers. For this reason research large quantities. Without protective measures they would findings, innovative strength and the capacity of water regularly break their banks. And yet, we live a carefree managers to work in partnership are more important than existence protected by our dykes, dunes and storm-surge ever. And interest in water management in the Netherlands barriers. We, the Dutch, have tamed the water to create land from abroad is on the increase. In our contacts at home and suitable for habitation. abroad, we need know-how about the creation and function of our freshwater systems. Knowledge about how roles are But water is also our friend. We do, of course, need allocated and the rules that have been set are particularly sufficient quantities of clean water every day, at the right valuable. moment and in the right place, for nature, shipping, agriculture, industry, drinking water supplies, power The Directorate General for Public Works and Water generation, recreation and fisheries.