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A Case Study of the Mas-Ipsp in Urban Areas of La Paz and El Alto

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A Case Study of the Mas-Ipsp in Urban Areas of La Paz and El Alto INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS AND PARTY ORGANIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE MAS-IPSP IN URBAN AREAS OF LA PAZ AND EL ALTO by Santiago Anria Diploma, Smith College 2006 Licenciatura, Universidad del Salvador 2006 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Latin American Studies Program of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology © Santiago Anria 2009 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Santiago Anria Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: Informal Institutions and Party Organization: A Case Study of the MAS-IPSP in Urban Areas of La Paz and El Alto Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Alec Dawson Associate Professor, Department of History ___________________________________________ Dr. Eric Hershberg Senior Supervisor Director, Latin American Studies Program ___________________________________________ Dr. Fernando De Maio Supervisor Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology ___________________________________________ Dr. Maxwell Cameron External Examiner Professor, Department of Political Science, University of British Columbia Date Defended/Approved: April 17, 2009 ii Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the “Institutional Repository” link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author’s written permission. Permission for public performance, or limited permission for private scholarly use, of any multimedia materials forming part of this work, may have been granted by the author. This information may be found on the separately catalogued multimedia material and in the signed Partial Copyright Licence. While licensing SFU to permit the above uses, the author retains copyright in the thesis, project or extended essays, including the right to change the work for subsequent purposes, including editing and publishing the work in whole or in part, and licensing other parties, as the author may desire. The original Partial Copyright Licence attesting to these terms, and signed by this author, may be found in the original bound copy of this work, retained in the Simon Fraser University Archive. Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, BC, Canada Last revision: Spring 09 ABSTRACT The Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) emerged in Bolivia’s rural areas in the 1990s. Born of peasant social movements, it has spread to the cities and become the country’s dominant political force, as its leader, Evo Morales, was elected to the Presidency in 2005. Drawing on primary data collected through fieldwork in the cities of La Paz and El Alto, this thesis focuses on two aspects of the MAS. Firstly, it studies how the MAS is organized internally, and argues that its rural origins have indelibly shaped its contemporary structure. The MAS is currently at a movement stage and is building a base-level infrastructure, which is informal and barely institutionalized. Secondly, this thesis examines how the MAS operates in La Paz and El Alto. It reveals that while the MAS is an innovative representational institution, it has not innovated much in terms of political practices and organization in these two cities. Keywords: Bolivia; Movement Toward Socialism; MAS; social movements; political parties; informal institutions Subject Terms: Movimiento al Socialismo (Bolivia) MAS – Bolivia Political Parties – Bolivia Social Movements – Bolivia Political parties – Latin America iii DEDICATION With Love for my Family, Anne, Luis, Patricia, Rocío and Clara To Indigenous Peoples in Bolivia, Who Returned as Millions iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe special thanks to the extraordinary members of my advisory committee, all of which have been of the type every graduate student wishes to have. Dr. Eric Hershberg created the ideal conditions for the pursuit of graduate study in the Latin American Studies program at SFU. His advice, support, and friendship throughout the completion of my studies at Simon Fraser University was invaluable, and this thesis benefited extensively from his guidance. Dr. Maxwell Cameron has been a source of great inspiration. I thank him for his support, especially since, as a professor at UBC, he did not have any obligation to do so. I am so grateful for his guidance and the many hours he spent with me talking about Bolivia, and discussing politics and classic works. His precise comments on my work helped to keep this thesis on track. I also extend my sincere gratitude to Dr. Fernando De Maio for agreeing to be a part of this project, and for being a great source of encouragement. I am also grateful for his advice, support, and friendship. I thank Eric, Max and Fernando for always treating me as a colleague, even though I am just starting off. I only hope that one day I can be the type of mentor to others that you have been for me. I also extend my gratitude to Dr. Alec Dawson, who chaired my thesis defense and helped me in many ways throughout my studies. v In addition, I would like to thank the group of people—faculty and staff—who work for Latin American Studies program at SFU, who made my experience very enjoyable. Thanks Catherine and Valerie, the two other students in my cohort, for all of your support. I am and sorry for not having spent as much time with you as I would have liked to, but I enjoyed learning about Latin America from and with you. In La Paz and El Alto, I would like to thank Marcelo Quezada, Tom Kruse, Javier Medina, Hervé Do Alto, Moira Zuazo, Jean Friedman-Rudovsky, Marxa Chávez, Juan Manuel Arbona, Simón Yampara, and to all of those who gracefully granted me an interview and tried to help me understand how the MAS actually works. Special thanks to Orlando ‘Tito’ Guzmán and Nelson Carvajal, for his generous and unconditional help. This thesis has benefited largely from your support and I am very grateful for that. Thanks also to Ana María and the two Ramiros (padre e hijo) for offering a warm home while I completed my fieldwork, and for assisting me in understanding the intricacies of Bolivian politics. There are many more individuals to whom I owe my gratitude for helping me with this project, and although I cannot list them all here, I hope I have been able to express to them my deep appreciation along the way. In Vancouver I would particularly like to thank Jason Tockman, who gave me advice and a wealth of contacts prior to my trip to Bolivia. I am very grateful for his generosity and support. I also thank my friends Michèal Ó Tuathail and Emily McBride, who gracefully read parts of my thesis and made a lot editorial suggestions. Thanks for ‘englishising’ earlier drafts of this thesis. Thanks also to Sean Faulkner for your vi friendship and for fixing my computer. Special thanks to Rob, Dale and Erin Hannebauer, who have helped me with this project in a number of ways. They know what I mean, and how grateful I am. My loving partner, Anne DeCecco, was present in every step of this thesis. Writing this study and doing fieldwork in Bolivia would not have been possible had it not been for her. Anne joined me in this long journey from its very inception and has been an endless source of love and inspiration; she came to Vancouver when I started graduate studies at SFU, traveled with me to Bolivia for my fieldwork, suffered the Andean altitude, and worked by my side when we came back to Vancouver. Not only has she made this thesis more readable in English, but her insights largely improved my own conclusions. Finally, I thank my parents—Patricia and Luis—and my best friend and brother—Ignacio Jardón—who have been an unending source of support and love, even when this means being far away. Los quiero. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval ........................................................................................................................... ii Abstract ........................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ....................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements........................................................................................................v Table of Contents........................................................................................................ viii List of Figures..................................................................................................................x
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