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9.14 Homework Assignment 3 Worksheets 9.14 Worksheets Courtesy of MIT Press. Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: In the Development and in Evolution of Behavior and the Mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN: 9780262026734. 1 1Preview: a The thickening b embryonic c neural tube d e a. a. Endbrain (telencephalon) Forebrain b. ‘Tweenbrain (diencephalon) (prosencephalon) c. c. Midbrain (mesencephalon) Courtesy of MIT Press. Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: In d. Hindbrain (rhombencephalon) the Development and in Evolution of Behavior and the Mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN: 9780262026734. e. Spinal cord Fig 1.3 2 1 Preview: The a thickening embryonic b neural tube c d a. Endbrain (telencephalon) Forebrain b. ‘Tweenbrain (diencephalon)(prosencephalon) e c. Midbrain (mesencephalon) d. Hindbrain (rhombencephalon) e. Spinal cord Courtesy of MIT Press. Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: In the Development and in Evolution of Behavior and the Mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN: 9780262026734. 3 2 Synapses: varied structural arrangements: Consider the functional possibilities 1. Axo-somatic 2. Axo-dendritic (to dendritic shaft or dendritic spine) Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in Fig 1-13a evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 4 3 Synapses: varied structural arrangements: Consider the functional possibilities 6. Serial synapses Gating mechanisms… 7. Synapses without a postsynaptic site (not illustrated) Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. Fig 1-13c 5 4 Synapses: varied structural arrangements: Consider the functional possibilities Cell 3 3. Axo-axonal Presynaptic inhibition and facilitation 4. (Also: dendro-dendritic, Cell 2 dendro-axonal…) Cell 1 5. Reciprocal synapses Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Fig 1-13b Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 6 5 Hamster Brain (similar to rat) Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. Fig.1-5 Newborn Adult 7 5 Hamster Brain (similar to rat) A B C D E F Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. Adult Newborn 8 6 Pallium (medial, dorsal, lateral) Study the names of these subdivisions. Learn which is which. Schematic of pre- mammalian brain Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 9 7 Sketch of a pre-mammalian brain Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 10 7 Locate a local reflex channel. What function might such a pathway serve? Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 11 8 Mammalian brain diagrams Schematic side view Top view, embryonic brain (with spinothalamic tract) Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 12 8 Mammalian brain diagrams Schematic side view Top view, embryonic brain (with dorsal root axon) Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 13 8 Brain diagrams Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 14 9 Closure of neural tube with formation of sympathetic ganglia: Learn the terms! Ectoderm Neural plate Notochord Neural groove Roof plate Neural tube Dorsal root Alar plate and ganglion neural crest Basal plate Floor plate Ganglia of sympathetic NS Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 15 9 Closure of neural tube with formation of peripheral ganglia: A___________ B___________ Neural X stage Neural Y stage C___________ D___________ Neural __Z___ ______I and neural __ZZ__ E___________ F___________ Ganglia of __J__ G__________________ nervous system H____________________ Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 16 REVIEW Some neurodevelopment terms to be familiar with ectoderm (vs. mesoderm and endoderm), ventricular layer, intermediate layer, marginal layer (= matrix layer, mantle layer, zonal layer) modes of migration, radial glia (radial astrocytes), ependyma, sulcus limitans, separating alar and basal plates, neural crest, dorsal and ventral roots and rootlets. See Nauta & Feirtag, ch.10, and other texts 17 10 Internal Structure Spinal Cord Segment C1 Segment C5 Internal structure of Segment C8 spinal cord: Segment T2 Note the lateral horn Segment T10 Segment L1 Segment L4 Segment S4 Image by MIT OpenCourseWare. 18 11 Termination of dorsal root fibers Figures removed due to copyright restrictions. Please see course textbook or: Rexed, Bror. "A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the Spinal Coed in the Cat." Journal of Comparative Neurology 100, no. 2 (1954): 297-379. 19 12 Adult spinal cord, schematic frontal section: reflex and lemniscal channels Dorsal columns Dorsal root fibers of various sizes Spinoreticular Spinothalamic axons tract Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 20 12 Adult spinal cord, schematic frontal section: reflex and lemniscal channels A Dorsal root fibers of various sizes C B D Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 21 13 The body surface represented at the hindbrain-spinal cord boundary Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 22 13 The rostral-most end of the spinal cord D A B C Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 23 14 Dorsal Median Sulcus Dorsal Funiculus Lissauer's Zone Substantia Gelatinosa Dorsal Lateral Funiculus Spinocerebellar Tract Clarke's Column 4 (nucleus dorsalis) 5 Lateral Horn 6 Central Canal 7 8 9 Ventral Funiculus Anterior White Commissure Ventral Median Fissure 1 millimeter Image by MIT OpenCourseWare. Fig 9-9 Clarke’s Column and dorsal spino-cerebellar tract 24 Adult spinal cord: 15 some descending and intrinsic axons Proprio- spinal Corticospinal axons axons (after their decussation) Rubrospinal axons Reticulospinal, Vestibulospinal, Fastigiospinal (from Cb), Tectospinal Corticospinal axons, uncrossed (variable in quantity) Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 25 Adult spinal cord: some descending and intrinsic axons 15 (fill in the blanks) __B_______ ___A____ axons axons (after their decussation) ___C______ axons ___D_____spinal, ___E_____spinal, Fastigiospinal (from Cb), ___F_____spinal _______G______ axons, uncrossed (variable in quantity) Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 26 16 Dorsal root ganglion Sympathetic Descending nervous system reticulospinal Spinal nerve fibers axons, schematic xxxx Paravertebral To ganglion striated section of spinal xxxxxx muscles Prevertebral cord, thoracic level xx ganglion, e.g., celiac Smooth muscle: Glands; intestinal tract; blood vessels, erector pili (hairs); sweat glands. Cardiac muscle Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission.. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 27 17 Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) Thoraco -lumbar Courtesy of MIT Press.Used with permission. Schneider, G. E. Brain structure and its origins: in the development and in evolution of behavior and the mind. MIT Press, 2014. ISBN:9780262026734. 28 17 A. Which ganglion is this? ____X_____ nerve (10th cranial nerve) Thoraco -lumbar C. Which ganglia are these? Courtesy of MIT Press.Used
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