CI/SfB (4-) Nh2
September 2014
purlins, rails & eaves beams
> design guide
s bea s • eave ms • tem sys ails • floor lin ng r cee ur eeti s d p sh ze cee d & ze purlins, rails & eaves beams
Index
About Steadmans...... 03 Zed and Cee Sheeting Rails ...... 19 Introduction ...... 03 Sleeved system ...... 19 Specification...... 03 Butted system...... 19 Requirements ...... 03 Double span system (brick restraint)...... 19 Overview ...... 04 Sleeved rail system...... 20 Butted & double span rail system...... 21 Zed and Cee section range ...... 06 Typical brick restraint details ...... 21 Zed Purlin Systems...... 07 Sheeting rail sag-system requirements 22 Sleeved single span system ...... 07 Sheeting rail sag system...... 23 Sleeved double span system ...... 07 Horizontal wall cladding requirements...... 24 Heavy end-bay single span system ...... 07 Fire Rated Boundary Walls ...... 25 Heavy end-bay double span system ...... 07 Additional Details...... 26 Sleeved purlin system...... 08 Typical Zed section details (Cee sections similar). 26 Butted single span system...... 08 Parapet framing...... 27 Butted purlin system...... 08 Valley beam details...... 28 Roof sag-system requirements ...... 09 Door & window framing...... 29 Roof sag bar system ...... 10 Suspended services & point loads ...... 30 Roof angle brace system...... 10 Suspended ceilings ...... 31 Mono pitch roofs ...... 11 Steep pitch roofs ...... 12 Detailing Information...... 32 Shallow pitch roofs...... 12 Zed purlin and rail hole punching details ...... 32 Long roof slopes...... 13 Cee rail hole punching details...... 33 Curved roofs...... 13 Fire wall rail hole punching details...... 34 Tiled roofs ...... 14 Standard cleats for purlins & rails ...... 35 Cantilever purlins...... 15 Anti-sag system components ...... 36 Cleats ...... 37 Eaves Beams ...... 16 Miscellaneous components...... 38 Sections...... 16 Custom sections ...... 39 Typical eaves beam details ...... 17 Typical connections to column heads...... 17 Technical support...... 40 Connections between eaves beams References ...... 41 and rail struts ...... 18
purlins, rails & eaves beams 02 About Steadmans specification
A Steadman & Son Limited (usually known as Steadmans) NBS Plus is a library of technical product information are one of the UK's leading manufacturers of roofing and written in NBS format, linked to NBS cladding, supplying high quality cladding materials from clauses and clause guidance. our sites in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. With NBS Plus, specifiers can select We offer total roofing and cladding solutions which we products quickly and accurately then drop deliver with our dedicated haulage fleet. the product information directly into a specification.
Our continuous investment programme and on-going NBS clauses for Zed, Cee and Eaves Beam sections and product development ensures we can provide high quality other Steadmans products are now available for NBS products promptly and at competitive prices. subscribers. introduction Requirements This brochure contains details of our increased range of Zed, Cee and Eaves Beam sections and accessories. Zed, Cee and Eaves Beam sections are manufactured in a Section profiles and dimensions are included along with process certified to ISO 9001:2008. structural properties, detailing information and typical construction details. Installation warranty The new section range offers complete compatibility Steadmans offer an independent audit-based warranty for between Zed and Cee sections sizes. Zed, Cee and Eaves Beam sections.
The products are formed from hot dipped galvanised steel The QA+ warranty, from Auditing Workmanship & coil to BS EN 10346:2009 Fe E390G -Z275. Materials Ltd, provides pre-site and on-site quality inspections and audits to ensure the high standards of The sections are designed to BS EN 1993-1-3:2006 using a construction and finishing which will maximise service life combination of rational analysis and component testing. and reduce maintenance costs.
A separate brochure containing load tables for the The QA+ warranty can be extended to a ten year insurance Purlins, Rails & Eaves Beams is also available from backed warranty covering defects arising from poor Steadmans upon request or as a download from our workmanship, defective materials and damage resulting website. from design defects. Contact Steadmans for more Steadmans realise that our standard range will not meet all information about the warranties. requirements and therefore customer designed Zed, Cee and Eaves Beam sections can be manufactured along with individual designs for special applications.
Our extensive stock of full width coils in various gauges and our capability to cut, fold and punch these materials allow us to offer solutions to almost all situations.
Please consult Steadmans Sales Department for further details.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 03 purlins, rails & eaves beams overview
Sleeve Eaves beam
Roof cladding
Wall cladding
Brickwork
Cee-section door framing
purlins, rails & eaves beams 04 Gable cleader angle
Purlin
Zed-section rail
Push-fit sag bar
Eaves brace
Cee-section rail
Diagonal tie
Rail strut
Brickwork
purlins, rails & eaves beams 05 purlins, rails & eaves beams zed and cee section range
A E Y Y Table 01: Zed & Cee profile dimensions C F Section Zeds Cees Depth AB CD E F xx140,170 60 54 16 20 62 13 xx Depth 200 70 64 16 20 70 15 Depth Yna 240 75 67 18 22 74 17 300 95 87 21 25 95 19 D F Dimensions in mm Xna B Xna Y Y Table 02: Standard Zeds - 390N/mm2 steel grade
Section Wt Area Zxx Zyy Ixx lyy Rx Ry Po Qs α xna yna Mc (kg/m) (cm2) (cm3) (cm3) (cm4) (cm4) (mm) (mm) (N/mm2) (mm) (mm) (kNm) 14014 3.06 3.81 13.97 4.37 116.8 29.3 55.3 27.7 350.7 0.641 22.4 0.1 70.7 5.45 14015 3.26 4.08 15.49 4.79 124.7 31.2 55.3 27.6 356.8 0.667 22.4 0.0 70.7 6.04 14016 3.48 4.35 17.00 5.22 132.7 33.1 55.2 27.6 362.2 0.693 22.3 0.0 70.7 6.63 14018 3.90 4.89 19.87 6.04 148.4 36.8 55.1 27.4 371.1 0.731 22.2 -0.1 70.7 7.75 14020 4.32 5.43 22.44 6.83 164.0 40.4 55.0 27.3 378.2 0.762 22.2 -0.2 70.7 8.75 17014 3.38 4.22 17.44 4.18 184.0 29.4 66.0 26.4 331.4 0.582 17.3 0.0 85.8 6.80 17015 3.62 4.52 19.37 4.60 196.5 31.3 65.9 26.3 338.9 0.605 17.3 -0.1 85.8 7.55 17016 3.86 4.82 21.28 5.02 209.2 33.2 65.9 26.2 345.4 0.627 17.3 -0.1 85.8 8.30 17018 4.33 5.42 24.85 5.83 234.2 36.9 65.7 26.1 356.2 0.662 17.2 -0.2 85.8 9.69 17020 4.79 6.02 28.21 6.61 259.0 40.5 65.6 26.0 364.8 0.689 17.1 -0.3 85.8 11.00 17025 5.94 7.48 36.24 8.42 318.8 49.1 65.3 25.6 380.3 0.750 17.0 -0.6 85.8 14.14 20014 3.92 4.90 21.56 4.97 296.8 44.8 77.8 30.2 312.1 0.511 16.8 -0.1 100.7 8.41 20015 4.20 5.25 24.18 5.53 317.3 47.8 77.7 30.2 320.9 0.538 16.8 -0.1 100.7 9.43 20016 4.48 5.60 26.84 6.08 337.9 50.7 77.7 30.1 328.6 0.563 16.7 -0.2 100.7 10.47 20018 5.03 6.30 32.10 7.18 378.6 56.5 77.5 30.0 341.3 0.608 16.7 -0.3 100.7 12.52 20020 5.58 7.00 37.25 8.25 419.2 62.2 77.4 29.8 351.5 0.641 16.6 -0.4 100.7 14.53 20025 6.92 8.71 48.63 10.72 517.3 75.7 77.1 29.5 369.6 0.700 16.5 -0.6 100.7 18.97 24015 4.81 6.01 30.11 5.90 510.4 58.6 92.1 31.2 296.9 0.485 14.3 0.3 121.3 11.74 24016 5.13 6.41 33.61 6.54 543.7 62.3 92.1 31.2 306.2 0.509 14.3 0.2 121.3 13.11 24018 5.77 7.22 40.62 7.80 609.9 69.5 91.9 31.0 321.4 0.550 14.2 0.1 121.3 15.84 24020 6.39 8.02 47.36 9.04 675.8 76.5 91.8 30.9 333.6 0.583 14.2 0.0 121.3 18.47 24025 7.94 9.99 62.69 11.94 835.7 93.3 91.5 30.6 355.4 0.639 14.1 -0.2 121.3 24.45 24030 9.47 11.94 77.42 14.62 990.7 109.1 91.1 30.2 369.8 0.685 14.0 -0.5 121.3 30.19 30020 8.02 10.09 66.20 12.92 1344.7 157.4 115.4 39.5 306.8 0.503 14.5 0.0 151.3 25.82 30025 10.02 12.60 93.55 17.86 1668.1 193.1 115.1 39.2 334.1 0.581 14.4 -0.2 151.3 36.49 30030 11.97 15.08 118.11 22.48 1983.6 227.1 114.7 38.8 352.1 0.630 14.3 -0.5 151.3 46.06
Table 03: Standard Cees - 390N/mm2 steel grade
Section Wt Area Zxx Zyy Ixx lyy Rx Ry Po Qs xna yna Mc (kg/m) (cm2) (cm3) (cm3) (cm4) (cm4) (mm) (mm) (N/mm2) (mm) (mm) (kNm) 14014 3.06 3.81 13.90 3.91 119.3 19.2 55.9 22.4 350.7 0.665 18.9 70.0 5.42 14015 3.26 4.08 15.44 4.26 127.4 20.4 55.8 22.4 356.8 0.699 18.9 70.0 6.02 14016 3.48 4.35 16.99 4.61 135.5 21.7 55.8 22.3 362.2 0.729 18.9 70.0 6.63 14018 3.90 4.89 20.00 5.29 151.5 24.1 55.7 22.2 371.1 0.779 18.9 70.0 7.80 14020 4.32 5.43 22.87 5.95 167.5 26.5 55.5 22.1 378.2 0.817 18.9 70.0 8.92 17014 3.38 4.22 17.34 3.79 187.1 20.4 66.6 22.0 331.4 0.604 17.1 85.0 6.76 17015 3.62 4.52 19.29 4.15 199.9 21.7 66.5 21.9 338.9 0.635 17.1 85.0 7.52 17016 3.86 4.82 21.25 4.51 212.7 23.1 66.4 21.9 345.4 0.660 17.1 85.0 8.29 17018 4.33 5.42 25.04 5.20 238.1 25.7 66.3 21.8 356.2 0.704 17.1 85.0 9.76 17020 4.79 6.02 28.69 5.88 263.4 28.3 66.2 21.7 364.8 0.740 17.2 85.0 11.19 17025 5.94 7.48 37.13 7.47 324.1 34.3 65.8 21.4 380.3 0.817 17.2 85.0 14.48 20014 3.92 4.90 21.57 4.62 299.2 30.3 78.1 24.9 312.1 0.540 19.0 100.0 8.41 20015 4.20 5.25 24.19 5.09 319.8 32.3 78.0 24.8 320.9 0.569 19.0 100.0 9.43 20016 4.48 5.60 26.85 5.57 340.6 34.3 78.0 24.8 328.6 0.598 19.0 100.0 10.47 20018 5.03 6.30 32.12 6.51 381.7 38.3 77.8 24.7 341.3 0.646 19.0 100.0 12.53 20020 5.58 7.00 37.27 7.42 422.6 42.2 77.7 24.6 351.5 0.684 19.0 100.0 14.54 20025 6.92 8.71 49.23 9.57 521.5 51.5 77.4 24.3 369.6 0.757 19.1 100.0 19.20 24015 4.81 6.01 30.15 5.53 514.0 40.8 92.5 26.1 296.9 0.512 19.0 120.0 11.76 24016 5.13 6.41 33.64 6.09 547.6 43.4 92.4 26.0 306.2 0.539 19.1 120.0 13.12 24018 5.77 7.22 40.60 7.19 614.1 48.5 92.3 25.9 321.4 0.586 19.1 120.0 15.83 24020 6.39 8.02 47.46 8.27 680.5 53.4 92.1 25.8 333.6 0.623 19.1 120.0 18.51 24025 7.94 9.99 63.62 10.83 841.5 65.3 91.8 25.6 355.4 0.690 19.1 120.0 24.81 24030 9.47 11.94 78.78 13.23 997.6 76.5 91.4 25.3 369.8 0.747 19.2 120.0 30.72 30020 8.02 10.09 66.02 11.90 1353.6 109.8 115.8 33.0 306.8 0.534 24.1 150.0 25.75 30025 10.02 12.60 93.33 16.16 1679.1 134.9 115.4 32.7 334.1 0.621 24.1 150.0 36.40 30030 11.97 15.08 119.18 20.19 1996.6 158.9 115.1 32.5 352.1 0.678 24.1 150.0 46.48
purlins, rails & eaves beams 06 zed purlin systems
Four structural systems are available, the Sleeved System, Double-Span Sleeved System, Heavy End-Bay System and the Butted System. These systems allow for a flexible and efficient range of solutions to roofing supports for a wide variety of cladding types, the major features of which are outlined below.
Sleeved single span system
This is the traditional system of single bay-length sections with sleeves at all penultimate supports and at alternative internal supports. The system may be used with all types of claddings and roof pitches, within the limitations given in this manual. Minimum number of spans is 2 and the maximum span is 12.5m. Details are on page 32.
Sleeved double span system
Sleeves are provided at all penultimate supports and are staggered at internal bays. The advantage is a reduced number of erection components when compared with the Sleeved System. Note that maximum section length is restricted to 15m for transport and handling reasons. Consideration should be given to handling and erection sequence when utilising the double-span sections. Minimum number of spans is 4 and the maximum span is 7.5m. Details are on page 32.
Heavy end-bay single span system
This is a highly efficient sleeved-system, with sleeves at all supports thus allowing a form of continuous beam design. Inner bay sections and sleeves are thinner than at the end bay thus allowing an economic solution for long buildings. Sleeves at penultimate supports are of the same thickness as the outer bay purlin section. Minimum number of spans is 4 and maximum span is 12.5m. Details are on page 32.
Heavy end-bay double span system
Sleeves are provided at all penultimate supports and are staggered at internal bays. The advantage is a reduced number of erection components. Inner bay sections and sleeves are thinner than at the end bay thus allowing an economic solution for long buildings. Sleeves at penultimate supports are of the same thickness as the outer bay purlin section. Minimum number of spans is 4 and maximum span is 12.5m. Details are on page 32.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 07 purlins, rails & eaves beams zed purlin systems
sleeved purlin system
Single/double span lengths Refer to pages 04 - 05 for overview of system and sleeve requirements. This system may be used with restraining or non- restraining cladding, and may also be used to support tiled roof systems. The system may require to be used in conjunction with sag-systems as identified for various conditions on page 09. Consideration should be given to handling and erection sequence when utilising the double-span section.
DOUBLE SPAN CONNECTION SLEEVED CONNECTION
Butted single span system
The system is required for buildings of a single span length and is efficient for short spans or light loadings. Butted purlins are also useful for frames which have large clear spans and where large frame deflections may be harmful to continuous purlin systems. Butted purlins can be used over supports or within the depth of the supporting section. Maximum span is 11.4m. Details are on page 32.
Butted purlin system
This system is useful for single-span conditions, either over-supports or flush with supports. The system is also economical for small bays or light loadings, where sleeves are not necessary.
BUTTED CONNECTION BUTTED CONNECTION with inset cleat for flush construction purlins, rails & eaves beams 08 ROOF SAG-SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
The anti-sag-system required for any given case will depend In the case of restraining type metal cladding a reduced on the loadings, span, cladding type and roof pitch. number of rows of sag bars may be appropriate in Different claddings provide varying restraint to the purlin particular circumstances. It should be clear that these and it is extremely important that the roof designer should reduced systems should only be used in conjunction with be clear on the type of roof cladding prior to selecting a the appropriate load tables which, depending on span, suitable sag system. For purlin design purposes within the may have significantly reduced wind uplift values. The scope of this manual the following list outlines the main following points should be considered for reduced numbers cladding types to be considered: of sag bars:
1) Restraining type metal cladding 1. Reduced number of sag member rows applies only to 2) Non-restraining type metal cladding restrained type metal cladding. 3) Hook bolt fixed cladding 2. For roof slopes less than 3˚, 0-rows may be used for spans up to 4.6m and 1 row of angle braces may be 4) Tiled roofs used for spans up to 12.5m.
Lateral restraint is usually provided to the purlin where 3. For roof slopes between 3˚ - 25˚, 0-rows may be used normal trapezoidal, or composite cladding is through-fixed for spans up to 7.6m and 1-row of push fit sag bars to the purlins and where the sheets are fixed together by may be used for spans up to 12.5m. side lap stitching. Standing seam roofs and some forms of 4. Use the reduced wind uplift capacity relevant to the secret fix panels have fixings which allow relative movement number of rows of sag members selected. between the purlin and the cladding and these panels 5. Temporary stability during erection, and other Health & should be regarded as non-restraining unless used in Safety issues should be considered when choosing a conjunction with a suitable liner panel. A suitable liner suitable sag system. panel should be sufficiently robust to carry compressive restraint forces and should be positively fixed to the purlin 6. When 0 rows of sag members are used it is and it is also recommended that side lap stitching is recommended that one row of eaves braces and ridge adopted to form a roof plane diaphragm. struts be used. Some claddings, such as fibre cement panels, are fixed by hook bolts. These claddings offer a Table 04 reduced degree of restraint to the purlin under wind uplift conditions Roof Sag System Details and the limitations given in this Cladding Slope System Roof section should be observed for this < 4.6m span 4.6m - 7.6m span 7.6m - 12.5m span application. Wind uplift capacities are < 3˚ 1 row angle braces 2 rows angle braces reduced, and sections for these roofs Metal should be selected using the design Cladding 3˚ - 25˚ 0 rows 1 row bars 2 row bars disk. (restraining type) 2 rows angle 25˚ - 35˚ 1 row angle braces + diagonals braces + diagonals See the Tiled Roof section for additional sag system requirements <3˚ 2 rows angle 1 row angle braces for tiled roofs. Metal Cladding 3˚ - 25˚ braces (non-restraining type) 2 rows angle Sag system recommendations for 25˚ - 35˚ row angle braces + diagonals braces + diagonals various roof conditions are provided in the table right and these should be < 3˚ Not recommended used as appropriate. Use of the sag Hook-bolt 3˚ - 25˚ 1 row bars 2 row bars systems indicated will provide (restraining type) optimum wind uplift capacity and will 2 rows angle 25˚ - 35˚ 1 row angle braces + diagonals provide a good basis for stability and braces + diagonals alignment during erection.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 09 purlins, rails & eaves beams zed purlin systems
roof sag bar system
Useful for restraining metal cladding and hook bolt cladding within the limit of the table. Suitable for purlins up to 240mm deep.
Push-fit sag bars are used up to 2.0m purlin centres. Refer to Steadmans if centres are greater than 2m. (Refer to table on page 09 for limitations of use.)
Wide flange up-slope
Use Cranked Apex Strut if slope Push-fit Sag Bar length exceeds 18m
Roof angle brace system
Useful for non-restraining cladding, tiled roofs and for purlins 300mm deep and steep roofs (ie. over 25º)
45 x 45 x 2 angle braces may be used up to 2.0m purlin centres. Refer to Steadmans if centres are greater than 2m. (Refer to table on page 09 for limitations of use.)
Wide flange up-slope
Cranked Apex Strut
General Notes:
Note that where sag bar numbers are reduced, within the Where sag bars or angle braces are used they should be limits of this manual, it may be necessary to use temporary positioned at mid-span for a single row and at 3/8, 1/4, 3/8 bracing to the top flange to avoid twisting of zed purlins span for a double row, for optimum resistance to wind during installation, particularly on roofs with shallow or uplift. steep slopes. In the case of 0 - rows of sag bars it is Refer to the Eaves Beam section of the manual (page 16) recommended that eaves braces are fitted (see Eaves Beam for general recommendations for sag systems at eaves. section of manual - page 16) and that a ridge bar or cranked apex strut is fitted, as in above details. Refer to the Tiled Roof section (page 14) for advice on dealing with such heavy roofing systems.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 10 Monopitch Roofs
In a monopitch roof all the roof plane forces act up or down the roof unlike a ridged roof which Adjustable Sag Bar has balancing roof load components acting Normal Sag Bar Angle Brace through the ridge cladding and sag system. In the case of monopitches all roof-plane loads have to be resisted by the purlins, claddings, cleats and sag systems. However, with zed purlins the restraint forces which develop due to gravity loadings act in an up-slope direction, i.e. in opposition to the down-slope load component so that the roof system need only resist the net effect of these loads. (Note that a ridged roof which is not connected at the ridge should be considered as two monopitches.) Eaves Brace Diagonal ties
PLAN ON ROOF WITH PITCH OF UP TO 6º
Adjustable Sag Bar
Normal Sag Bar Angle Brace
Diagonal ties
In effect, with roof pitches less than a critical value Eaves Brace there is a net force acting up the slope and for greater roof slopes the force will act downslope.
The critical angle of roof pitch depends on a number of factors and can only be approximated with current knowledge. As an aid to designers it PLAN ON ROOF is recommended that diagonal ties and struts WITH PITCH GREATER THAN 6º should be used to assist with load distribution in these roofs. The adjacent diagrams indicate the recommended placement of such elements for roof pitches less or greater than 6˚, at which pitch roof forces are assumed to be approximately in balance.
Note: Anti-Sag bars (number of rows and type) to be taken from the table on page 09.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 11 purlins, rails & eaves beams zed purlin systems
Steep Pitch Roofs Diagonal Ties
Where roof slopes are greater than 25˚ but no greater than 35˚ the following points should be considered:
1. Use angle braces and cranked apex struts to replace normal sag bars. (Minimum number of rows provided on page 09).
2. Use diagonal ties at intervals of no more than 12m maximum 12m on the slope length, to assist with between diagonal ties absorption of roof plane forces.
3. Reduce purlin capacity by including down-slope load component. This is most simply achieved by using the design program which Diagonal Ties automatically includes down-slope components 25º minimum for pitches greater than 25˚.
4. Check purlin cleats for down-slope load component, use heavy duty cleats if required. Angle brace
Purlins 12m maximum between diagonal ties
Shallow Pitch Roofs
For very flat roofs, say below 3˚ , particularly if the span exceeds 6m or if non restraining cladding is Eaves beam used then, in addition to the sag systems indicated in this manual the use of purlin reversals is highly PLAN ON STEEP ROOF recommended to balance the extensive up-slope restraint forces which develop due to the zed shape. This is particularly important in the case of any long slopes or monopitches and there should be slightly more zeds pointing up the slope than down slope.
Alternative purlins reversed in direction
purlins, rails & eaves beams 12 Long Roof Slopes
For roof slopes in excess of 20m in length (on the slope), and with a pitch of greater than 3˚ it is recommended that each sub- length is divided into 20m (maximum) length sections and that each section is stiffened in the roof plane by the addition of angle struts and diagonal ties, as indicated. For long roofs with a pitch below 3˚ a similar system should be adopted but the diagonal ties should be acting in the opposite direction.
Adjustable sag-bar Diagonal tie cleat
Diagonal ties
Adjustable sag-bar Angle brace
Curved Roofs
Curved roofs become flat near the apex and it is recommended that in the near-ridge zone, when the tangent to the roof cladding is less than 3˚, then purlin reversals should be adopted as in the diagram. (ie The near-ridge zone is treated as a shallow pitch roof.)
Note: Anti-sag bars (number of rows and type) to be taken from the table on page 09.
Adjustable sag-bars Apex strut
Alternative purlin directions reversed when roof tangent is less than 3º
purlins, rails & eaves beams 13 purlins, rails & eaves beams zed purlin systems
Tiled Roofs Angle braces at 2.5m maximum centres
Cold rolled purlins are increasingly being used to support tiled roofs. This application is particularly suitable for Zeds which have principal axes inclined Fix cleat to rafter from the web axes and which consequently have upslope restraint forces acting in opposition to the downslope load component thus minimising the large downslope forces inherent to this form of roofing.
Two types of application are common for use with 30º min. natural slate or concrete tile materials:
1. Tiles may be fitted to timber battens nailed to counter battens which are screw fixed to the 1800mm top flange of the purlins. Note that the diagonal braces 2. Tiles may be fitted to timber battens fixed to a should be placed at regular maximum centres proprietary metal liner tray. positions down the roof, at centres not exceeding 5.4m for roof pitches up to 25º and not Some special considerations are required when exceeding 4m for roof pitches ROOF WITH BATTENS & COUNTER BATTENS designing a tiled roof: above 25º.
1. Purlins should be limited to a deflection of span/300 in the web plane to avoid visible sag.
2. Where a building is ridged, when timber Metal liner tray counter battens are used they should be bolted Note that diagonal braces together at the ridge to balance the down- should be placed at regular slope forces so far as is possible. positions down the roof, at centres not exceeding 3. Any timber counter battens fixed up the slope 5.4m. of the roof should be attached to each other with metal straps to assist in carrying the tensile forces which will develop in the roof.
4. The Sag-System must be sufficiently robust to handle the down-slope load
component, and the purlins require 30º min to be designed for two-way bending, Fix cleat as in the steep roof section above. to rafter Use angle braces at sag member positions, in conjunction with diagonal ties. If loadings Angle braces at 2.5m 1800mm are substantial the diagonal ties should be maximum centres
fixed directly to the steel supporting rafter. maximum centres
5. Cleats should be checked for their ability to handle the large down-slope forces, use heavy ROOF WITH LINER TRAY SYSTEM duty cleats if necessary.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 14 tiled roofs
No load tables are provided for this application and Timber sections bolted together assistance in particular situations can be obtained by at ridge discussing the requirements with Steadmans, or the design program can be used if the roof pitch exceeds 25˚.
Some typical details are provided, for the purpose of general guidance in the design of these roofs.
Note that in addition to the use of natural materials Steadmans offer the unique Meta-Slate roof system which combines the natural look of slate with the lightweight construction of pressed steel construction (see separate technical brochure). Purlins for this application should be Heavy duty ridge designed as for non-restraining metal cladding. channel Angle braces
Cantilever Purlins
These are frequently required to form gable overhangs, with or without deep soffit framing. Performance depends on the purlin section and on the backing span. The purlin section should be no less than that required for the adjacent main span, selected in the absence of the cantilever loading. Where deflections are critical the purlin section should be chosen accordingly, following the guidance below. Purlin sections should be confirmed by evaluation, considering the following parameters:
1. Purlin section must be continuous over the gable frame.
2. Maximum cantilever span is 30% of the backing span, but not greater than 3m.
3. Bottom flange should be restrained by cladding or by restraints at centres not exceeding the lesser of 2m and ten times the section depth.
4. Purlin ends should be braced with cleader angles top & bottom or with an angle brace providing torsional restraint, placed near the end. Restraint should be carried across the ridge where applicable.
5. The factored BM at the support should not exceed the purlin moment capacity for gravity or wind uplift effects (Mc in the section property table). Diagonal brace 6. Tip deflection should be limited by increasing the purlin section, if required. Angle braces (alternatively top 7. Where the cantilever span exceeds 1.0m a diagonal & bottom cleaders) tie should be fitted as in the sketch. This is particularly important in the case of steep roofs, monopitches Cantilever span and heavy claddings.
8. Special care is required with heavy roof claddings or tiled roof systems. Refer to Steadmans for advice in particular cases.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 15 purlins, rails & eaves beams eaves beams
sections
Three depths of eaves beam are available. Folded indented roof designer is confident that the structural implications sections with a maximum length of 10m are available in have been fully considered. 200mm and 240mm depth. A 300mm deep Cee section eaves beam is available up to a span of 12.5m to Eaves braces perform the following functions: complement the 300 series of purlin sections. These are 1. Reduce the horizontal design span for side wind. available in the thicknesses indicated. Eaves beams are usually single spanning but the 200 and 240 series may be 2. Assist with dispersing horizontal wind loads into the supplied as double-spanning up to a 5m span and the 300 roof diaphragm. series can be double-spanning up to a 7.5m span. 3. Reduce any twisting due to eaves gutters and with The 300mm deep eaves beams may be optionally used with erection of roof cladding. counterformed holes and countersunk bolts, with either The eaves beam design tables and design disk are based on countersunk holes or spacer plates as indicated. the assumption that the top flange is fully restrained by the It is recommended that at least one row of eaves braces roof cladding and care is required where this is not the should be adopted, even where a zero row of sag bars is case, for example where standing seam or clip-fixed used with the purlins. Additionally the number of rows of cladding are used without a suitably stiff liner panel. Most eaves braces should not be less than the number of rows of design situations can be handled using the design disk but sag bars for purlins, as in the table on page 09, or as due to the many conditions that may be met in practise, selected by the designer to suit any particular design. section properties are provided to assist the designer with Removal of eaves braces should only be carried out if the any individual designs that may be required.
200 EAVES BEAM SERIES 240 EAVES BEAM SERIES 300 EAVES BEAM SERIES
15 15 41 30 30 15 15 200 70 110 counterformed 300 218 holes shown 11 0 150 240 15 30 20 15 80 41 30 20 Rake to flanges available from 0˚ to 35˚ 19 90 95 (above 35˚ contact Steadmans)
Table 05: Sections
Section Weight (kg/m) Sxe (cm3) Ixx (cm4) Zyy (cm3) Iyy (cm4) Ryy (mm) Poc EB200/16 5.10 35.48 373.8 8.66 44.9 26.3 350 EB200/20 6.35 47.68 487.7 10.64 55.1 26.1 350 EB200/25 7.90 61.70 620.3 13.02 67.3 25.9 350 EB240/25 9.08 83.09 1009.3 15.80 94.1 28.5 350 EB240/30 10.84 101.18 1218.0 18.58 110.6 28.3 350 EB300/30 11.97 134.59 2026.0 22.32 159.0 32.3 329
purlins, rails & eaves beams 16 typical eaves beam details
EAVES BRACES FOR ROOF SLOPE LENGTH UP TO 18M
Push-fit Push-fit sag bar sag bar 200 & 240 SERIES 300 SERIES
EAVES BRACES FOR ROOF SLOPE LENGTH GREATER THAN 18M
Adjustable Adjustable sag bar sag bar (or angle brace) (or angle brace) 200 & 240 SERIES 300 SERIES
typical connections to column heads
6mm thick packing plate with 28mm dia holes for M12 countersunk bolts
200 & 240 SERIES 300 SERIES
OUTSTAND CONNECTIONS
purlins, rails & eaves beams 17 purlins, rails & eaves beams eaves beams
typical connections to column heads
FLUSH COLUMN CONNECTIONS
200 & 240 SERIES 300 SERIES
connections between eaves beams and rail struts
6mm thick packing plate between EB and cleat
6mm thick stiffening cleat 6mm thick stiffening cleat. (Allow additional 6mm reduction in any eaves braces connected to same cleat)
2 x M12 bolts 2 x M12 bolts
Rail strut Rail strut
200 & 240 SERIES 300 SERIES
purlins, rails & eaves beams 18 zed and cee sheeting rails
Sheeting rails may be selected as either Zed profile or Cee profile sections. These are formed from the same coils and are each available in the same depth and thickness range. Cees may be substituted for Zeds at window and door framing and at composite cladding joints, etc.
The two types of section can be mixed on the same rail line though it is not possible to locate sleeves on the junction between Zeds and Cees. Each system should be regarded separately between such junctions when considering load capacities.
Three basic systems are given in this manual, i.e. the Sleeved System, the Butted System and the Double Span (Brick Restraint) System. A Heavy End-Bay System can be used though in practice this may be hampered by interaction with door standards, etc, and the designer will require to exercise caution if this system is used (and indeed may require to anticipate the possibilities of future alterations to the wall structure). The design disc provides a method of load assessment for this system.
Sleeved system
This is a system of single bay length sections with sleeves at penultimate supports and at alternative internal supports. Minimum number of spans is 2 and the maximum span is 12.5 metres. Details are on page 32.
Butted system
This is a single span system. The system is required for single bay length rails and is efficient for short spans or light wind loadings. Sections can be fitted running past the supports or may be within the depth of supporting sections. Maximum span is 11.4 metres. Details are on page 32.
Double span system (brick restraint)
This is a relatively stiff system intended for use as brickwork restraints, or as window framing. Minimum number of spans is 2 and maximum transport length of section is 15 metres thus maximum span is 7.5 metres.
Use double-span sections for the full length if the wall has an even number of bays and use a triple-span rail, ie double-span plus a sleeve, if an odd number of bays. Section thickness may require to increase for the triple-span case to compensate for the reduced stiffness, when DESIGN DISK ALLOWS FOR compared with the double span system. VARIATION IN DEFLECTION Details are on page 32. FACTOR
purlins, rails & eaves beams 19 purlins, rails & eaves beams zed and cee sheeting rails
Sleeved Rail System
Typical connections are illustrated for sleeved joints for both Zed and Cee Sections.
Note that the sleeves for the Zed System may be the same thickness as the rail section but sleeves for the Cee System are provided in one standard thickness for each rail depth.
A B
Sleeve Rail
Sleeve
C
D
Rail ZED RAILS CEE RAILS SECTION AT SLEEVED CEE SECTION RAIL
Table 06
Thickness for Rail Depth Dimension A Dimension B Dimension C Dimension D Cee Sleeve ZED RAIL FLANGE TO THE 140 148 147 146 60 2.0 CLADDING MUST TOE UPHILL 170 178 177 177 60 2.5 FOR FIBRE-CEMENT, HOOK 200 208 207 207 70 2.5 BOLT FIXED 240 248 247 248 70 3.0 300 308 307 308 90 3.0
purlins, rails & eaves beams 20 Butted & Double Span Rail System
The connections for these two systems are identical except that the Butted System has a butted connection at every frame and the double-span system has a butted joint at alternative connections and is continuous over intermediate supports.
A
Rail
ZED RAILS
B
Rail
CEE RAILS
Typical Brick Restraint Details STEEL TIE FIXING Typical details are indicated for illustration. The Proprietary steel straps fixed to Engineers brickwork designer is responsible for design of the requirements blockwork to rail connections and should select rails on the basis of a suitable deflection limit.
A deflection limit of span/300 is commonly employed and the design program defaults to that limit for double span systems. The user may alter this as required.
STEEL STRAP FIXING Steel straps and ties to Engineers requirements
purlins, rails & eaves beams 21 purlins, rails & eaves beams zed and cee sheeting rails
Sheeting Rail Sag-System Requirements
The user should note that it is assumed in the development of details and load tables that wall claddings will provide a diaphragm action and will be positively fixed to the rails, thereby eliminating vertical bending in the rails. Any claddings which do not meet these criteria should be referred to Steadmans, or the program may be used with the cladding weight included.
The number of rows of sags members for normal use is provided in the table, shown below for restraining-type metal cladding and fibre-cement cladding. The table also provides limiting dimensions for a number of cases.
Less limiting conditions can be applied for support of restraining type metal cladding, in certain cases. Where the cladding weight can be carried by floors, brick wall heads or eaves beams or by diaphragm action, and where the reduced wind load capacity is acceptable then 0 rows of sag bars may be adopted up to a 6.3m span, and a single row may be used up to a 7.6m span. In the case of 0 rows being adopted then temporary supports may be required to prevent sag in the rails during erection.
The usual system of rail restraints comprises the use of 45 x 45 x 2 angle section rail struts, with diagonal ties, as indicated on the next page.
Table 07: Limiting Dimensions for normal conditions
Number of rows of sag members Cladding Case type 0123
Maximum span for 3.0m 6.3m 10.0m 12.5m Restraining Normal Sag System type metal cladding Maximum panel height n/a 10.0m 10.0m 7.5m /set of diagonal braces
Maximum span 2.4m 5.1m 7.6m 10.0m Fibre-cement cladding Maximum panel height n/a 7.0m 7.0m 6.0m /set of diagonal braces
Additional Notes:
1. In the case of multiple rows of rails the maximum 4. Advice should be sought from Steadmans when number of rails per set of diagonals should be limited to supporting any special claddings, such as clip fixed, 8. which offer less restraint and reduced diaphragm action.
2. For double-row sag systems in walls the sag members 5. Support cleats should be checked for their capacity to are placed at 1/3 spans for a uniform appearance. For handle wall cladding weight where this exceeds 13kg/m2 triple row systems place sag members at 1/4 spans. or where flat plate cleats are used. Similarly if wall glazing or other deflection sensitive claddings are used 3. For spans in excess of 10m use heavy duty angular then the designer should confirm that the cleats have diagonal ties in place of tie wires. adequate bending resistance and consideration should be given to using heavy duty angular diagonal ties in such conditions.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 22 Sheeting Rail Sag Systems
* Note that for restraining type metal cladding up to 10m high the diagonal ties may be removed if the rail struts are Tie wire taken up and securely fixed to the underside of the eaves beam, provided the eaves beam is designed to carry its tributary weight of wall panel. The fixing to the eaves beam should incorporate a stiffening cleat for wall heights greater than 4m, or with heavy claddings.
(See Eaves Beam section on page 16 for details.)
Outer flange
DIAGONAL TIE FIXING TO RAIL STRUT
Eaves Beam span 1 1 1 /3 span /3 span /3 span
* **
Rail struts
Diagonal ties 25º minimum 25º minimum
SINGLE ROW STRUT SYSTEM DOUBLE ROW STRUT SYSTEM
span 1 1 1 1 /4 span /4 span /4 span /4 span
***
DIAGONAL TIES SHOULD Rail struts BE ANCHORED TO THE CLEAT BOLTS NEAREST THE COLUMN FLANGE Diagonal ties 25º minimum
TRIPLE ROW STRUT SYSTEM
purlins, rails & eaves beams 23 purlins, rails & eaves beams zed and cee sheeting rails
Horizontal Wall Cladding Eaves Beam Requirements or structural member Horizontal cladding is often used in conjunction with cold rolled rail systems. Some examples are provided to assist Zed or Cee the designer in deciding suitable cladding support. In all vertical rails cases the eaves beam or structural top member should be checked for horizontal wind loading, in addition to any vertical loading. Zed or Cee rails
Type 1 Eaves Beam designed for wall cladding weight TYPE 1 The number and position of vertical rails will depend on cladding requirements. Horizontal rails should generally be selected as for vertical claddings, but load capacity may require to be reduced when the spacing between vertical rails exceeds 2 metres. (Refer to Steadmans.)
Eaves Beam Type 2 or Top Rail Eaves member not designed to carry wall cladding weight Zed or Cee Horizontal rails should be selected as above. The minimum vertical rails number of sets of diagonal ties should be as given in the table on page 22. Vertical rails should be spaced to suit the cladding but should also satisfy the minimum angle shown Zed or Cee rails for diagonal ties. Load capacity for horizontal rails may 25º minimum require to be reduced when the spacing between vertical rails exceeds 2 metres, as noted above. Support cleats TYPE 2 should be checked for their capacity to handle wall cladding weight where this exceeds 13kg/m2 or where flat plate cleats are used.
Type 3 Vertical Rail System Structural Top Rail or Vertical rails should be selected as for a Butted rail system Member Cleader of the same span as the vertical distance between top and or Eaves bottom supports. Use horizontal struts at the minimum Beam Zed or Cee vertical rails number of locations as recommended for sag members for the same span. The top member may be a structural Rail section or eaves beam depending on the nature of Fix to floor or Struts construction. The base of the posts may be fixed to the structural member at floor or a structural section can be used. Top and bottom base members must be designed for horizontal wind loading as dictated by the construction details. TYPE 3
purlins, rails & eaves beams 24 Fire Rated Boundary Walls
Under boundary conditions it is required to provide walls with a fire rating. In these cases the fire rating is provided by the wall cladding and insulation, which are taken to be independent of the rail system in a fire situation. However, BUTTED RAIL rails are required to have slotted end-holings to reduce CONNECTION buckling due to the significant thermal expansion during AT FIREWALL Use 14mm dia holes in rail fire conditions. Connections utilise combustible washers as and 14mm dia x 45 slots in cleat and special sleeve indicated, to facilitate these thermal movements, whilst providing for normal rail performance during non-fire conditions. (Some approving authorities also require that the eaves beam be fire protected.)
The Steadmans fire rail system has been developed to provide a suitable facility for expansion through slotted holes on the sleeves and cleats. Thus, the system can be used for sleeved and butted rails without limiting the joint 33 33 positions, provided the slotted cleats and sleeves are 70 70 adopted, all as indicated here and in the detailing section. The system may be used for spans up to 10m.
SEE DETAILING SECTION FOR DETAILS OF SPECIAL SUPPORT SLEEVED CLEAT REQUIREMENTS CONNECTION AT FIREWALL Use 14mm dia holes in rail and 14mm x 45 slots in cleat and special sleeve
33 33 *300 series has 12 bolts in sleeve std*70 70 std* See page 34 for details
M12 Gr 8.8 bolt Details are shown here for zed rails but Steel Washer they apply equally to Cee section rails. Rail See page 34 for detailing information. Combustible Nylon Washer
ENLARGED BOLT DETAIL SHOWING COMBUSTIBLE Steel Washer PLASTIC WASHER Cleat (or sleeve)
purlins, rails & eaves beams 25 purlins, rails & eaves beams additional details
TYPICAL ZED SECTION DETAILS (CEE SECTIONS SIMILAR)
80 40 40
37 37
42
A
40 8
Cleader 6 varies Cleader Angle Angle (not to exceed 3 x section depth) GABLE PURLIN DETAIL ALTERNATIVE GABLE PURLIN DETAIL (or can use a sleeve at extendable gable) 80 6 varies
Rail end 42 cleat if required A
40 8
80 70 6 varies
42 Welded or bolted bracket A 42A 40 40 8 CORNER RAIL CONNECTIONS 32
Table 08 3mm galv. steel plate Depth A
140 58 170 88 200 118 42A 40 240 158 ALTERNATIVE CORNER RAIL CONNECTION 300 218
Dimensions in mm
purlins, rails & eaves beams 26 Parapet Framing
Steadmans produce a variety of zeds and cees which can provide a flexible range of solutions Adjustable to parapet framing. Sag Bar Angle braces Parapet posts may be fabricated from standard Cee sections bolted together to form double-cees at rail positions and at centres not exceeding 1500mm. (Use the thickest section available for the post depth used, to assist with absorbing bolt tension at the connection.)
Use posts of same depth as rails for flush and convenient connections.
Posts may be bolted to columns via 8mm min 500mm packer plates. Connection should be designed to suit height of parapet but height between pairs of bolts should not be less than 500mm Steadmans column head ties and use backing plates at the flange when 8mm steel packers (Not supporting gutter in this bolt tension exceeds the flange capacity. example) Alternatively, for higher wind loadings it may be preferred to weld 6mm fin-plates to the EXAMPLE WITH POST BOLTED TO COLUMN FLANGE column flanges and to bolt the cees sections on either side.
Particular attention should be paid to wall sag systems to remove sag, when gutters are supported from the rails.
Gutter supported on column head ties min 500mm
6mm welded Welded angle braces fin plates
EXAMPLE WITH POST BOLTED TO FIN PLATES AND GUTTER SUPPORTED ON HEAD TIES
purlins, rails & eaves beams 27 purlins, rails & eaves beams additional details
Valley Beam Details
Cold rolled cees in back-to-back configuration are commonly adopted for support of valley gutters and/or valley column ties. Cees should be bolted together in pairs on the standard gauge lines at ends and at centres not exceeding 1500mm.
Section properties of selected double-Cee beams are provided to assist with design. Steadmans column Design should be carried out to head ties BS 5950-5:1998 or by reference to Steadmans.
HEAD TIE DETAIL WITH NO GUTTER SUPPORT
Adjustable sag bar
Angle braces
Steadmans column head ties
HEAD TIE DETAIL WITH GUTTER SUPPORTED BY HEAD TIES
Table 09: Section properties for selected double-cee sections
Section Weight (kg/m) Sxe (cm3) Ixx (cm4) Ryy (mm) Rxx (mm) Mc (kNm) 2@C170/18 8.94 59.16 508 29.6 66.8 18.86 2@C200/18 10.06 76.58 778 30.8 77.9 24.26 2@C240/20 12.78 114.22 1384 31.8 92.2 35.48 2@C300/25 20.00 224.10 3405 40.1 116.0 69.50 2@C300/30 23.94 268.90 4046 40.0 115.0 88.48
purlins, rails & eaves beams 28 Double Cee Door and Window Framing head beam
Cee Sections are particularly suited for trimming door and window frames.
Counterformed holes are available as an option, though the use of timber packers at windows and door frames are recommended in order to take up tolerances and slight misalignments and in these cases normal or thin-head bolts may be simpler and more economical.
If cold rolled sections are used as framing for overhead doors, then:
1. Check that eaves beam can carry any horizontal wind forces, add eaves braces or a double-Cee head section, as required. Single Cee 2. Confirm with door supplier that the thin section can carry local forces door from the springs and rollers. trimmer 3. Use maximum available thickness for section depth utilised.
4. If impact damage is likely then add bollards to protect steelwork and Single Cee cladding. door post
TYPICAL DOOR FRAMING DETAILS SECTION THROUGH TYPICAL OVERHEAD DOOR
Standard cleats
Timber spacers fixed to rails TYPICAL WINDOW SECTION (optional)
Standard cleats bolted to sub-structure
purlins, rails & eaves beams 29 purlins, rails & eaves beams additional details
Suspended Services & Point Loads
Services are commonly suspended from the purlins, such For heavier point loadings a steel framework should be loads varying in nature and magnitude. This section gives adopted as shown below. Maximum point loads applied to guidance as to accommodation of the point loadings the purlin for this system should be determined in involved. agreement with Steadmans.
The table below gives the maximum single point load (unfactored) value for typical light loading applications. For Table 10: Maximum value for point loads for use of this table three conditions must be satisfied; loading cases A and B
1. Load centres to be not less than 500mm, Thickness Type A Type B 2. Purlin must be selected for a total UDL not less than the 1.4 - 1.6 10kg 20kg sum of the dead load + imposed load + a service load 1.8 - 2.0 15kg 30kg not less than the UDL value which would give the same 2.5 - 3.0 20kg 40kg mid span BM as the point loads on a simple beam of the same span,
3. If roof slope exceeds 12˚ then reduce allowable load linearly to a value of 50% the tabulated value, at a maximum slope of 25˚.
CASE B - LOAD SUSPENDED FROM BOTTOM CASE A - LOAD FLANGE OR WEB LINE SUSPENDED FROM PURLIN LIP
==
TRIMMING DETAIL FOR HEAVIER SERVICE LOADING Cee trimmers (subject to purlin capacity limitations) Hangers bolted to trimmer webs
purlins, rails & eaves beams 30 Suspended Ceilings
Cold rolled sections are increasingly being used as suspended ceiling supports. Support may be provided by either zeds or cees, provided that sections are properly restrained against twisting and buckling. Sections may be used over or under supports depending on individual circumstances.
Typical details are provided for illustration purposes. Steadmans may be contacted for advice and section design for any application or alternatively use the simplified method provided below.
VIEW ON UNDERSLUNG SLEEVED ZED SYSTEM
Standard angle braces
TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH ZEDS SHOWING ALTERNATE DIRECTIONS OF SECTIONS
Notes:
1. Torsional and lateral restraint should be applied at 4. Whether zeds or cees are used they should be used in supports (cleats) and at mid-span for spans up to 6.1m opposing pairs, as illustrated, to minimise any twisting and at third spans for spans up to 10m. Such restraints effects. should be tied back to a suitable anchorage to prevent 5. Sections may be selected from the load tables in the lateral movement of the support grid. normal way but the tabulated gravity load capacities 2. Select sections of a suitable stiffness to provide a should be reduced by 50% to allow for the reduced deflection not exceeding the limits provided by the restraint. (No reduction required for deflection controlled ceiling supplier (usually span/240 to span/360). values.)
3. Zeds may be single spanning or may be sleeved, if details Alternatively, use the design program with ‘non-restraining’ suit. Cees are generally used as single spanning sections. cladding.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 31 purlins, rails & eaves beams detailing information
zed purlin and rail hole punching details
ZED SECTION SLEEVES HEAVY END-BAY SYSTEM With this system, heavy gauge sections are used in the end C bays and at penultimate support sleeves. Care must be taken 40 40
to properly identify components on site to avoid 40 misplacement. Usually end-bay purlins can be detailed to be A 300 different from inner-bay sections but as sleeves look similar at 42 all positions consideration may be given to using heavy gauge 6
sleeve sections at all supports to avoid wrong positioning. 25150BB80 150 25
Sleeve for 300 Series Table 11 C Depth A B C 40 40
140 58 235 600 40 170 88 285 700 A
200 118 335 800 DEPTH 42 240 158 435 1000 6 Dimensions 300 218 435 1300 in mm 25BB80 25 Note: All holes 14mm dia for M12 bolts, minimum grade 8.8 use a Sleeve for 140, 170, 200 and 240 Series washer under all bolt heads and nuts in contact with sections or sleeves.
ZED PURLINS & RAILS L=section length
3 Wide Flange 3 42 A
40 8
37 B 150 150 B 37
Single spans Sag bar holing. Purlins: Use holing at midspan for single row, at 3/8:1/4:3/8 span for double row. Rails: Use holing at midspan for single row, at 1/3 spans for double row, 1/4 spans for triple row.
* Additional holes required for 300 series sleeves only.
L L
3 3 40 40 Wide Flange 42 A
40 8
37 B 150 80 150 B 37
Double spans
purlins, rails & eaves beams 32 cee rail hole punching details
Table 12
Sleeve Rail Depth A B C D E F Note: All holes 14mm dia for M12 Thickness bolts, minimum grade 8.8. Use a 140 2.0 58 235 600 146 44.0 150 170 2.5 88 285 700 177 44.5 180.5 washer under all bolt heads and nuts 200 2.5 118 335 800 207 44.5 210.5 in contact with sections or sleeves. 240 3.0 158 435 1000 248 45.0 251 300 3.0 218 435 1300 308 45.0 311 Dimensions in mm
CEE SECTION SLEEVES
C C 40 40 40 40
E E D AF D AF
E E
48 48
25150BB80 150 25 25BB80 25
Sleeve for 300 series Sleeve for 140, 170, 200 and 240 series
CEE PURLINS & RAILS L=section length
3 3
41 A
41 7
37 B 150 150B 37
Single spans Sag bar holing at midspan for single row, at 1/3 spans for double row. 1/4 span for triple row.
* Additional holes required for 300 series sleeves only.
L L
3 3 40 40
41 A
41 7
37 B 150 80 150 B 37
Double spans
purlins, rails & eaves beams 33 purlins, rails & eaves beams detailing information
C
fire wall rail hole 25 150 B 70 70 B 150 25
punching details 33 33
ZED SECTIONS
Table 13 A
Depth A B C 48 140 58 235 660 170 88 285 760 Sleeved Zed rail connection 200 118 335 860 for 300 series 240 158 435 1060 300 218 435 1360 Dimensions in mm C
70 70 25 B 70 70 B 25
33 33 33 33
A A
40 8 48
Butted Zed rail Sleeved Zed rail connection connection for 140 - 240 series
C Cee sections These details should be used in conjunction 25 150 B 70 70 B 150 25 with information on page 25 and with cleats 33 33 as detailed on page 35.
A
48
Sleeved Cee rail connection for 300 series
C 70 70 25 B 70 70 B 25 33 33 33 33
A A
41 7 48 Butted Cee rail Sleeved Cee rail connection for connection 140 - 240 series
purlins, rails & eaves beams 34 standard cleats for purlins & rails
Standard formed cleats - finish: black mild steel
Note for formed cleats: 2580 25 2580 25 6 1. Holes in cleat upstand are 14mm dia for M12 25 25 grade 8.8 bolts.
2. Holes in base plate for bolt-on cleats = 18mm A A dia.
3. For very heavily loaded, steep roofs or heavy 48 48 wall claddings,
Steadmans can on 130mm x 6mm flat bar 30 70 30 40 30 request provide heavy 130 70 duty cleats reinforced with welded stiffeners. WELDED CLEATS BOLT-ON CLEATS
Fire wall cleats - finish: black mild steel
30 70 70 30 t 30 70 70 30 t
25 14mm dia x 45mm slots in long leg 25
18mm dia x holes 6mm welded in short leg stiffener A A
48 48
35 35 40 30 35 35 40 30
200 70 200 70
NORMAL FIRE WALL CLEATS HEAVY DUTY FIRE WALL CLEATS
Table 14
Note for fire wall cleats: Section Depth A 1. t = 6mm for 140 to 200 series 140 58 t = 8mm for 240 and 300 series 170 88 200 118 2. It is recommended that heavy duty cleats are used for all 300 series 240 158 Dimensions 300 218 connections and for heavy cladding systems. ‘A’ in (mm)
purlins, rails & eaves beams 35 purlins, rails & eaves beams detailing information
Anti-SAG SYSTEM COMPONENTS
L
L Roof angle Roof line
PUSH-FIT SAG BAR H
L50
CRANKED APEX STRUT WITH PUSH-FIT SAG BAR
ADJUSTABLE SAG BAR
50 L 50 L
Roof angle Roof line DOUBLE-ADJUSTABLE SAG BAR 24
X H 50 L 50 24 12mm dia threaded bar
THREADED TIE ROD CRANKED APEX STRUT WITH ADJUSTABLE SAG BAR OR WITH ANGLE BRACES
L L 24 X Roof line Roof line 24
24 24
Y Y 24 Roof angle 24 Roof angle
EAVES BRACE WITH PUSH-FIT SAG BAR EAVES BRACE WITH ADJUSTABLE SAG BAR OR WITH ANGLE BRACES
Note: All holes 14mm dia for M12 bolts, minimum grade 8.8 General Notes:
Note that the dimension X refers to the purlin and Y refers to the Eaves Beam. Anchor cleats should be placed at the holes above the rail strut end cleat (and nearest the sheeting) for a single sided diagonal tie position and under the rail strut cleat for a double sided diagonal tie position. The tie top fixing should be bolted to the cleat hole nearest the column.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 36 cleats
Table 15
3 Section 21 A 21 Depth AG
140 58 110 Cleats fabricated 170 88 110 from 3mm Galv Z35. 30 200 118 110 Holes 14mm dia for 37 240 158 125 M12 grade 8.8 bolts. 300 218 135 G Dimensions in mm variable
LONG TRIMMER CLEAT 30 30
40 30
25 40 21 A 21 3 25 14mm dia holes
30
37 43 70
6 70 x 70 x 6mm angle SHORT TRIMMER CLEAT 30 30 STAY CLEAT
30
A
30
38 22 14mm dia holes 60 x 60 x 2mm zinc plated steel RAIL END CLEAT
purlins, rails & eaves beams 37 purlins, rails & eaves beams detailing information
miscellaneous componentS
30 30
28
B
28
Galv 6mm thick plate 36mm dia holes Rail closer from 45 x 70 Galv angle x 2mm thick PACKER PLATE AT COUNTERFORMED HOLES RAIL CLOSER DETAIL
24A 24
24
C
80
24
Galv steel 3mm thick 14mm dia holes 45 x 45 x 2mm Galv stay Welded-on Cleat (not by Steadmans) RAIL CORNER JOINING PLATE
RAFTER AND COLUMN STAY DETAIL Table 16
Depth A 140 58 Note: All holes 170 88 14mm dia for M12 200 118 bolts, minimum 240 158 grade 8.8 300 218 (plated finish)
Dimensions in mm
L
24 A Stay cleat 24 45 x 45 x 2mm Galv angle
ALTERNATIVE STAY DETAIL(RAFTER AND COLUMN) STANDARD ANGLE BRACE AND RAIL STRUT
purlins, rails & eaves beams 38 custom sections
Steadmans have the ability to brake-press a wide variety of customised sections to suit customers individual requirements. Pressings may be up to 10m long and up to 3.0mm in thickness.
Some typical examples are indicated to illustrate the flexibility of this approach.
SHEET PROFILES TO MATCH OBSOLETE CLADDING
COMPOSITE VALLEY GUTTER Bonded Polyisocyanurate Foam Core: 30mm, 40mm or 50mm thick.
CUSTOM SECTIONS
STRUCTURAL GUTTER
TYPICAL VALLEY GUTTER TYPICAL BOUNDARY WALL BOX Available up to GUTTER 1250mm in girth.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 39 purlins, rails & eaves beams technical support
Steadmans offers comprehensive technical brochures NBS specifications technical support to designers and Our technical brochures contain all NBS Plus is a library of contractors working with Steadmans the performance, design and sitework technical product products and accessories, including: information written in information specifiers require to • technical brochures and data NBS format, linked to select, incorporate and specify sheets NBS clauses and clause guidance. Steadmans products into a project. • CAD details With NBS Plus, specifiers can select All our brochures are available in PDF products quickly and accurately then • copies of test certificates format for immediate download from drop the product information directly • loading calculations our web site. Printed copies are also into a specification. • NBS Specifications available upon request. NBS clauses for AS twin skin roof and • design and installation guidance wall systems and other Steadmans products are now available for NBS • project showcase and case studies CAD details subscribers. To access NBS Plus, go to All the design details contained in our our web site and click on the link on All the support information above the home page. technical brochures are being made can be downloaded direct or available for free in AutoCAD 2004 requested from our website. format for incorporating into project design & installation www.steadmans.co.uk designs. guidance
To access the current range of details, Design and installation guidance for To contact our Technical Department: go to the Support section of our web the AS35 system, Single Skin system, • tel: 01697 478 277 site and select the ‘Downloads’ link. Twin Skin system, Meta-Slate & • fax: 01697 478 530 Meta-SlatePlus systems are contained There is no need to register to use in the individual technical brochures • email: [email protected] our details. and manuals.
These can all be downloaded from To contact our Sales Department: test certificates the ‘Literature’ section of the • tel: 01697 478 277 Copies of test certificates are available Steadmans web site. • fax: 01697 478 530 upon request from our Technical In addition, we also provide • email: [email protected] Department. installation instruction sheets for various applications. Links for these loading are located on the ‘Downloads’ page calculations in the Support section of our web For loading calculations contact our site. Technical Department - see details opposite.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 40 references
• Approved Documents • BS 476 Fire tests on building material and structures. - A Structure - BS 476-3:2004 Classification and method of test for - B Fire safety external fire exposure to roofs. - C Site preparation and resistance to - BS 476-7:1997 Method of test to determine the contaminants and moisture. classification of the surface spread of flame of - L2A Conservation of fuel and power in new products. buildings other than dwellings. - BS 476-22:1987 Methods for determination of the fire - L2B Conservation of fuel and power in resistance of non-loadbearing elements of existing buildings other than dwellings. construction. • BS 5250:2002 Code of practice for control of • The Scottish Building Standards: Technical Handbook. condensation in buildings. - Non-domestic. • BS 5950-5:1998 Structural use of steelwork in building. Code of practice for design of cold formed thin gauge sections • BS EN 1090-2:2008 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures. Technical requirements for the execution of steel structures. • BS EN 1993-1-3:2006 Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures. General rules. Supplementary rules for cold- formed members and sheeting • BS 8206 Lighting for buildings. - BS 8206-2:2008 Code of practice for daylighting. • BS EN 10143:2006 Continuously hot-dip coated steel sheet and strip. Tolerances on dimensions and shape. • BS EN 10346:2009 Continuously hot-dip coated steel flat products. Technical delivery conditions. • BS EN 12056 Gravity drainage systems inside buildings. - BS EN 12056-3:2000 Roof drainage, layout and calculation. • BS EN ISO 10211:2007 Thermal bridges in building construction. Heat flows and surface temperatures. Detailed calculations. • BS EN ISO 13788:2002 Hygrothermal performance of building components and building elements. Internal surface temperature to avoid critical surface humidity and interstitial condensation. Calculation methods. • MRCMA Technical paper 14. Guidance for the design of metal roofing and cladding to comply with Approved Document L2: 2001 • TM 37: Design for improved solar shading. 2006
purlins, rails & eaves beams 41 purlins, rails & eaves beams technical support
steadmans website Product range Case Studies The Steadmans website is a comprehensive, easy to navigate database of information on Steadmans and our complete range of products and services.
The Case Studies section contains information and photographs of All the information contained in our recent projects. technical brochures is included on the website along with download pdfs of News individual brochure sections of some products covering design guidance, technical details and performance The information is divided into seven data. This section also includes information sections: additional products which do not • About Us have printed or download brochures. • Product Range • Support Support • Case Studies All the latest Steadmans news. • News • Literature Literature • Links
We strive to ensure that using the website is as rewarding as possible and always welcome any feedback you have regarding the content and usability of our website. The Support section includes information on Fire Performance and Warranties, a list of Frequently Asked This is a quick link to a page where Questions, links to other relevant you can request printed copies of our Organisations/Trade Associations/ brochures or download electronic Building Regulations and to our NBS copies in PDF format. Plus Specifications. You can also request information and download literature and installation instructions for our sheets and other products.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 42 Steadmans are always happy to provide advice on the specification of our single skin system and all of our other products for refurbishment and new build projects.
Whatever the nature, size and location of your project, we can provide the expertise and delivery schedules essential to its success.
With more than £3 million of stock available for immediate delivery, Steadmans have built up an enviable reputation for providing quality products, promptly and at competitive prices - a service which has attracted many loyal customers.
Our dedicated fleet of delivery vehicles with self off-load facilities also means that the personal care taken to produce our high quality products is maintained throughout the stages of manufacture to the final delivery to our customer.
purlins, rails & eaves beams 43 A. Steadman & Son England & Wales Northern Ireland & Ireland Scotland Warnell, Welton Unit 5, Scarva Road Ind. Est. New Edinburgh Road Mill of Crichie Carlisle Banbridge, Co. Down View Park Fyvie, Turriff Cumbria Northern Ireland Uddingston Aberdeenshire CA5 7HH BT32 3QD G71 6LL AB53 8QL
Tel: 01697 478 277 Tel: 02840 660 516 Tel: 01506 437 753 Tel: 01651 891 668 Fax: 01697 478 530 Fax: 02840 660 517 Fax: 01506 440 716 Fax: 01651 891 698
E-mail: [email protected] Online: www.steadmans.co.uk
ENVIRONMENTAL CREDENTIALS
We recognise the need to manage the impact which our business and processes have on the environment. We believe we have a responsibility to contribute to the well-being of the communities we live in. We are committed to providing a clean, safe environment.
Developing sustainable construction methods presents a challenge to the whole construction industry. Our main raw material, steel, is eminently recyclable: 85 - 90% of steel from demolition goes for re-use and 40% of steel used in new construction has been recycled.
By using modern machinery and upgrading our facilities we are continually reducing the impact of our products on the environment, and improving their contribution to the long-term performance of buildings. k o.u w ns.c ww.steadma